#calque
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Calque & Loanword
Found this. Kind of want to share.
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The Proto-Germanic word *gahlaibōn, 'someone you share your bread with', was borrowed into Latin in a special way: its parts were translated individually. This is called a loan translation or a calque. The result was compāniō. This word became copain and compagnon in French and then companion in English. Here's more.
#historical linguistics#linguistics#language#etymology#english#latin#french#german#spanish#lingblr#catalan#old french#italian#proto-germanic#old high german#gothic#loan translation#calque
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Plein cadre stylo feutre fin et collage sur papier calque A4
#art#abstract#artists on tumblr#drawing#artist on tumblr#dessin#contemporaryart#dessin contemporain#framed#calque#tracing paper
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Avec Anaïs il y a quelques années de cela, nous avions chopé le dernier rayon de soleil de la journée, une lumière rosée magnifique.
#portrait#noir et blanc#chevelure#cheveux#nu#polaroid#fujifp100c#negative#negatif#calque#censure#collages#végétaux#peignoir#paul_smith
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I think that one of my favourite language facts is about how in English, the word "calque" is a loanword from French, and the word "loanword" is a calque from German "Lehnwort".
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Listen/purchase: Calque by Billow Observatory
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"Anime" got given back! Animation -> アニメーション→アニメ→ Anime
I love the term “loanwords” because it implies that you intend to give them back.
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Word Formation in English
Word Formation Processes:
Word formation, also known as morphology, is a fascinating aspect of linguistics that deals with how words are created and constructed within a language. It explores the rules and processes by which new words are formed, whether by combining existing morphemes (the smallest units of meaning) or by altering existing words through various affixes, compounding, blending, and other mechanisms. Affixation: Affixation is one of the most common methods of word formation. Affixes are added to the base or root of a word to create new words. There are two types of affixes: prefixes (attached before the root) and suffixes (attached after the root). For example: Prefix: un- in unhappy Suffix: -ly in quickly Compounding: Compounding involves combining two or more complete words to create a new word. This process often leads to the formation of compound nouns, adjectives, or verbs. For example: Breakfast (break + fast) Bookshelf (book + shelf) Blending: Blending is the process of combining parts of two words to create a new word whose meaning is often a blend of the original words. This method is common in creating new terms for technological advancements or cultural phenomena. For example: Brunch (breakfast + lunch) Spork (spoon + fork) Conversion: Conversion, also known as zero derivation, involves changing the grammatical category (such as a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb) of a word without adding any affixes. This is achieved by using a word in a different context or with a different grammatical function. For example: She can run fast. (verb to adverb) I need a light. (adjective to noun) Back-formation: Back-formation is the process of creating a new word by removing an affix from an existing word. This typically occurs when a word is mistakenly perceived to be derived from another word with an affix. For example: Edit (from editor) Burgle (from burglar) Acronyms and initialism: Acronyms involves forming a new word from the initial letters or parts of a series of words. Initialism is similar but involves using the initial letters as letters, not as a pronounced word. For example: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) Reduplication: Reduplication involves repeating either all or part of a word to create a new word. This process is often used to indicate plurality, intensification, or repetition. For example: Chit-chat Ping-pong Clipping: Clipping involves shortening a word by removing one or more syllables. The shortened form typically retains the meaning of the original word. Clipped words often become informal or slang terms. For example: Phone (from telephone) Exam (from examination) Abbreviation: Abbreviation involves shortening a word or phrase by retaining only the initial letters or syllables. Abbreviations are often used for convenience or brevity, particularly in written communication. For example: etc. (from et cetera) Dr. (from Doctor) Borrowing: Borrowing involves adopting words or expressions from another language and incorporating them into one's own language. Borrowed words often undergo adaptation to fit the phonological, morphological, and syntactic patterns of the borrowing language. For example: Piano (from Italian pianoforte) Tsunami (from Japanese tsu meaning harbor + nami meaning wave) Folk Etymology: Folk etymology occurs when speakers reinterpret the origin of a word based on similarity to other words in the language. This often involves changing the form of a word to make it more familiar or logical. For example: Hangnail (originally agnail, but influenced by hang due to its location on the finger) Cranberry (originally craneberry, but influenced by the similarity to cran due to the plant's appearance) Calque: Calque involves translating the components of a word or phrase from one language into another while maintaining the same semantic structure. This process results in a new word or phrase in the borrowing language. For example: Skyscraper (calque of the French gratte-ciel, literally scrape-sky) Loanword (calque of the German Lehnwort) Loanwords: Loanwords are words adopted from another language with little to no modification. Unlike borrowing, loanwords retain their original form and are often used to refer to concepts or objects unique to the source culture. For example: Café (from French) Sushi (from Japanese) Hypocorisms: Hypocorisms involve the formation of endearing or affectionate forms of words, often through the addition of diminutive suffixes or alterations to the original word. Hypocorisms are commonly used in personal names or terms of endearment. For example: Johnny (hypocorism of John) Sweetie (hypocorism of sweet) Each of these word formation processes contributes to the richness and diversity of language, reflecting historical, cultural, and social influences on linguistic evolution.
Productive Word Formation Processes:
In English, some word formation processes are more productive than others, meaning they are more commonly used and result in the creation of a greater number of new words. Among the most productive types of word formation processes in English are: Affixation: Affixation, particularly the use of prefixes and suffixes, is highly productive in English. Adding prefixes like un- or re- and suffixes like -ness or -able allows for the creation of numerous new words while maintaining consistency in meaning and grammatical structure. Compounding: Compounding is another highly productive process in English, especially in fields like technology, science, and culture. By combining two or more existing words, English speakers can create new terms to describe complex concepts or emerging phenomena. Compounds like smartphone, email, and blackboard are ubiquitous examples. Borrowing: English has a long history of borrowing words from other languages, making borrowing a productive process for expanding vocabulary. Borrowings from languages such as Latin, French, and Greek have enriched English with terms in various domains, including academia, cuisine, and the arts. Clipping: Clipping, or shortening words, is commonly used in informal or colloquial language, especially in spoken English and slang. Clipped forms like info (from information), ad (from advertisement), and math (from mathematics) are frequently encountered in everyday conversation. Conversion: Conversion, or zero derivation, is particularly productive in English because it allows for the creation of words without adding any affixes. By changing the grammatical function of a word, English speakers can easily adapt existing vocabulary to suit different contexts. For instance, text can function as both a noun and a verb (I received a text vs. I will text you). Word Formation in English Word Formation: Word derivation; Word Building in English Complex Sentence With Multiple Dependent Sentences Conditional sentences: Mixed and Implied Complex Sentences Read the full article
#abbreviation#acronyms#adopt#affixation#another#back-formation#blending#borrowing#calque#clipping#combining#completewords#compounding#conversion#diminutivesuffixes#expressions#from#hypocorism#initialletters#initialism#language#loanwords#morphology#oftwowords#parts#reduplication#removingsyllable#removingtheaffixes#repeating#shorteningword
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I spent definitely too much time pondering over unfortunate double meaning of the consume option on soap XD (wersja PL)
#BG3#meme#comic#Durge#behold#a pun turned into a whole comic#the connotation is way more evident in Polish translation#bc they used a calque and “konsumować” doesn't carry a meaning of using something up at all#so the joke is probably a little weaker in this version#thunderboltfire's art
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the most distinctive Spanish calque I know is “close the lights”
Flashing warning: the speaker is surrounded by a constant light-dark flicker because she is using a background filter that sucks at actually detecting background.
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calque being a loanword and loanword being a calque is something that just has to be mentioned more
#linguistics#lingblr#language#conlang#manic pixie dream girl#loanwords#calques#linguist humor#linguistique
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#bd#histoire#*#dessin#crayon de couleur#pencil#bande dessinée#comic#strip#rencontre#cute#tender#tendresse#amour#orange#calque#nb
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petit pack de 6 colorings légers ♡ (pour photoshop) (aperçu)
en cliquant ici par là hop, vous pourrez télécharger un psd regroupant 6 colorings légers et adaptés à tous les faceclaims, avec le moins de risque de whitewashing possible* – ils fonctionnent très bien pour des avatars/autres moins texturés, en restant proches des couleurs initiales tout en uniformisant l'ensemble.
pas la peine de me créditer si vous utilisez ces colos tant que vous les employez avec soin et respect à mon égard (je vous serais donc gréée de ne pas les redistribuer ou vous faire passer pour les créateurices de ces psd)
⚠️ *attention, une colo n'est pas une potion magique, si vous la placez sur une image déjà whitewashée/éclaircie et ou très désaturée/saturée (les extrêmes, en fin de compte), il sera nécessaire de procéder à quelques ajustements des couleurs et de la luminosité pour un rendu optimal (ces calques sont indiqués sur le psd).
en espérant qu'ils vous plaisent ♡
#déso les aperçus sont pas ouf#mais je voulais faire un truc rapide pour restituer le rendu de chaque colo sur des avatars#au moins vous voyez à quoi ça ressemble#si vous aimez les effets de colo plus 'doux' je pense que ça peux vous plaire#y a pas trop de folies sur les levels; contrastes; etc#donc pour celleux qui maîtrisent bien les filtres sur ps#vous pouvez facilement rajouter des calques ou bidouiller ceux en place pour avoir ce que vous voulez#me concernant#pour rapprocher de la colo que j'utilise d'habitude#je rajouterais des filtres levels et selective color#(ce que j'ai pas fait là parce que l'objectif c'est d'éviter de changer les couleurs un max)#bref#j'ai pas le temps de faire un tuto colo mais#ils sont là si vous voulez vous amuser un peu avec#ressources
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"What's on your liver" what the heck does that mean T-T
Oh y'know, just hi, hello, what's on your liver? ☺️☺️☺️ A common greeting!
#so it's actually a calque from Polish 😆#co ci leży na wątrobie przyjacielu?#what lies on your liver my friend?#it means “what's worrying you?” or really just “what do you want to talk about? what do you think so much about?” in some cases#i think it comes from when you eat something bad and it sits on your liver and it makes you feel ill?#but it's about thoughts and worries instead of food lol#ooor it may also come from alcohol poisoning your liver or sth 😆#i think i've seen it like two times in english texts??? but it was probably a mistake of some sort
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