#blue hydrogen projects | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

mostlysignssomeportents · 22 days ago

Text

Battery rationality

If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/12/06/shoenabombers/#paging-dick-cheney

After 9/11, we were told that "no cost was too high" when it came to fighting terrorism, and indeed, the US did blow trillions on forever wars and regime change projects and black sites and kidnappings and dronings and gulags that were supposed to end terrorism.

Back in the imperial core, we all got to play the home edition of the "no price is too high" War on Terror game. New, extremely invasive airport security measures were instituted. A "no-fly" list as thick as a phone book, assembled in secret, without any due process or right of appeal, was produced and distributed to airlines, and suddenly, random babies and sitting US Senators couldn't get on airplanes anymore, because they were simultaneously too dangerous to fly and also not guilty enough to charge with any crime:

https://pluralistic.net/2021/01/20/damn-the-shrub/#no-nofly

We lost our multitools, our knitting needles, our medical equipment, all in the name of keeping another boxcutter rebellion from rushing the cockpit. As security expert Bruce Schneier repeatedly pointed out back then, the presence of (for example) glass bottles on the drinks trolley meant that would-be terrorists could trivially avail themselves of an improvised edged weapon that was every bit as deadly as 9/11's box cutters.

According to Schneier, there were exactly two meaningful security measures taken in those days: reinforcing cockpit doors, and teaching basic self-defense to flight crews. Everything else was "security theater," a term coined to describe the entire business, from TSA confiscations to warehouses full of useless "chemical sniffer" booths that were supposed to smell out bombs on our person:

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/01/airport-scanner-scam/

Security theater isn't just about deploying measures that don't work – it's also about defending yourself against risks that don't exist. You know how this goes: in 2001, Richard Reid – AKA "The Shoenabomber" – tried to blow up a plane with explosives he'd hidden in his shoes. It didn't work, because it's a stupid idea – and then we all took off our shoes for a quarter-century:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Reid

In 2006, a gang of amateur chemists hatched a plan to synthesize explosives in an airplane toilet sink, scheming to smuggle in different reagents and precursors in their carry-on luggage, then making a bomb in the sky and taking down the plane and all its passengers. The "Hair Gel Bombers" were caught before the could try their scheme, but even if they had made it onto the plane, they would have failed. Their liquid explosive recipe started with mixing up a "piranha bath" – a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide – that needs to be kept extremely cold for a long time, or it will turn into instantly lethal gas. If the liquid bomb plot had gone ahead, the near-certain outcome would have been the eventual discovery of an asphyxiated terrorist in the bathroom, lips blue and lungs burned away, face down in a shallow sink filled with melting ice-cubes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot

The fact that these guys failed utterly didn't have any impact on the dramaturges who ran the world's security theater. We're still having our liquids taken away at airport checkpoints.

Why did we have to defend ourselves against imaginary attacks that had been proven not to work? Because "no price was too high to pay" in the War on Terror. As Schneier pointed out, this was obvious nonsense: there is a 100% effective, foolproof way to prevent all attacks on civilian aircraft. All we need to do is institute a 100% ban on air travel. We didn't do that, because "no price is too high to pay" was always bullshit. Some prices are obviously too high to pay.

Which is why we still get to keep our underwear on, even after Umar Farouk "Underwear Bomber" Abdulmutallab's failed 2009 attempt to blow up an airplane with a bomb he'd hidden in his Y-fronts:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab

It's why we aren't all getting a digital rectal exam every time we fly, despite the fact that hiding a bomb up your ass actually works, as proven by Abdullah "Asshole Bomber" al-Asiri, who blew his torso off with a rectally inserted bomb in 2009 in a bid to kill a Saudi official:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_al-Asiri

Apparently, giving every flier a date with Doctor Jellyfinger is too high a price to pay for aviation safety, too.

Now, theatrical productions can have very long runs (The Mousetrap ran in London for 70 years!), but eventually the curtain rings down on every stage. It's possible we're present for the closing performance of security theater.

On September 17, the Israeli military assassinated 12 people in Lebanon and wounded 2,800 more by blowing up their pagers and two-way radios whose batteries had been gimmicked with pouches of PETN, a powerful explosive. This is a devastating attack, because we carry a ton of battery-equipped gadgets around with us, and most of them are networked and filled with programmable electronics, so they can be detonated based on a variety of circumstances – physical location, a specific time, or a remote signal.

What's more, PETN-gimmicked batteries are super easy to make and effectively impossible to detect. In a breakdown published a few days after the attack, legendary hardware hacker Andrew "bunnie" Huang described the hellmouth that had just been opened:

https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/2024/turning-everyday-gadgets-into-bombs-is-a-bad-idea/

The battery in your phone, your laptop, your tablet, and your power-bank is a "lithium pouch battery." These are manufactured all over the world, and you don't need a large or sophisticated factory to make one. It would be effectively impossible to control the manufacture of these batteries. You can make batteries in "R&D quantities" for about $50,000. Alibaba will sell you a full, turnkey "pouch cell assembly line" for about $10,000. More reputable vendors want as little as $15,000.

A pouch cell is composed of layers of "cathode and anode foils between a polymer separator that is folded many times." After a machine does all this folding, the battery is laminated into a pouch made of aluminum foil, which is then cleaned up, labeled, and flushed into the global supply chain.

To make a battery bomb, you mix PETN "with binders to create a screen-printed sheet" that's folded and inserted into the battery, in such a way as to produce a shaped charge that "concentrat[es] the shock wave in an area, effectively turning the case around the device into a small fragmentation grenade."

Doing so will reduce the capacity of the battery by about 10% or less, which is within the normal variations we see in batteries. If you're worried about getting caught by someone who's measuring battery capacity, you can add an extra explosive sheet to the battery's interior, increasing the thickness of a 10-sheet battery by 10%, which is within the tolerance for normal swelling.

Once the explosive is laminated inside its (carefully cleaned) aluminum pouch, there's no way to detect the chemical signature of the PETN. The pouch seals that all in. The PETN and other components of the battery are too similar to one another to be detected with X-ray fluorescence, and the multi-layer construction of a battery also foils attempts to peer inside it with Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy.

According to bunnie, there are no ways to detect a battery bomb through visual inspection, surface analysis or X-rays. You can't spot it by measuring capacity or impedance with electromechanical impedance spectroscopy. You could spot it with a high-end CT scan – a half-million dollar machine that takes about 30 minutes for each scan. You might be able to spot it with ultrasound.

Lithium batteries have "protection circuit modules" – a small circuit board with a chip that helps with the orderly functioning of the battery. To use one of these to detonate a PETN-equipped battery, you'd only have to make a small, board-level rewiring, which could deliver a charge via a "third wire" – the NTC temperature sensor that's standard in batteries.

Bunnie gets into a lot more detail in his post. It's frankly terrifying, because it's hard to read this without concluding that, indeed, any battery in any gadget could actually be a powerful, undetectable bomb. What's more, supply chain security sucks and bunnie runs down several ways you could get these batteries into your target's gadget. These range from the nefarious to the brute simple: "buy a bunch of items from Amazon, swap out the batteries, restore the packaging and seals, and return the goods to the warehouse."

Bunnie's point is that, having shown the world that battery bombs are possible, the Israelis have opened the hellmouth. They were the first ones to do this, but they won't be the last. We need to figure out something before "the front line of every conflict [is brought] into your pocket, purse or home."

All of that is scary af, sure, but note what hasn't happened in the wake of an extremely successful, nearly impossible to defeat explosives attack that used small electronics of the same genus as the pocket rectangles virtually every air traveler boards a plane with. We've had no new security protocols instituted since September 17, likely because no one can think of anything that would work.

Now, in the heady days when the security theater was selling out every performance and we were all standing in two-hour lines to take our shoes off, none of this would have mattered. The TSA's motto of "when in trouble, or in doubt, run in circles, scream and shout" would have come to the fore. We'd be forced to insert our phones into some grifter's nonfunctional billion-dollar PETN dowsing-box, or TSA agents would be ordering us to turn on our phones and successfully play eleven rounds of Snake, or we'd be forced to lick our phones to prove that they weren't covered in poison.

But today, we're keeping calm and carrying on. The fact that something awful exists is, well, awful, but if we don't know what to do about it, there's no sense in just doing something, irrespective of whether that will help. We could order everyone to leave their phones at home when they fly, but then no one would fly anymore, and obviously, no one seriously thinks "no price is too high" for safety. Some prices are just too high.

I started thinking about all this last week, when I was in New Delhi to give a keynote for the annual meeting of the International Cooperative Alliance, which was jointly held with the UN as the inauguration of the UN International Year of Coops, with an address from UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres:

https://2025.coop/

When I arrived in New Delhi, my hosts were somewhat flustered because Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had just announced that he would give the opening keynote, which meant a lot of rescheduling and shuffling – but also a lot of security. I was told that the only things I could bring to the conference center the next day were my badge, my passport and my hotel room key. I couldn't bring a laptop, a phone or a spare battery. I couldn't even bring a pen ("they're worried about stabbings").

Modi – a lavishly corrupt authoritarian genocidier – has a lot of reasons to worry about his security. He has actual enemies who sometimes blow stuff up, and if one of them took him out, he wouldn't be the first Indian PM to die by assassination.

But the speakers and delegates gathered in the hotel lobby the next morning, we were told that we could bring phones, after all. Because of course we could. You can't fly people from all over the world to India and then ask them to forego the device they use as translator, map, note-taker, personal diary, and credit card. Some prices are just too high.

They took a lot of security measures. Everyone went through a metal detector, naturally. Then, we were sealed in the plenary room for more than an hour while the building was sealed off. Armed men were stationed all around the room, and the balcony outside the room was ringed with snipers:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/54165263130/

We were prohibited from leaving our seats from the time Modi entered the room until he left it again, despite the fact that the PM was never more than a few steps from the single most terrifying bodyguard I'd ever seen:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/54164805776/

And yet: the fact that we were less than two months out from an extremely successful, highly public demonstration of the weaponization of small batteries in personal electronics did not mean that we all had to leave our phones at the hotel.

After that, I'm tempted to think that, just possibly, security theater's curtain has rung down and its long SRO run has come to an end. It's a small bright spot in a dark time, but I'll take it.

#pluralistic #batteries #terrorism #security #security theater #modi #bombs #petn #bunnie huang #aviation #tsa #fin de siecle

390 notes · View notes

chemblrish · 5 months ago

Text

Chemistry video recs!!

Okay so here's a new ~project~ of mine (we'll see how long I can stick to it whoops): every once in a while I want to make a compilation of cool chemistry videos. I also want to keep it strictly chemistry-related (as much as that's possible... and I don't promise to be totally objective lol*). I watch a lot of science videos in general, but the way I see it, chemistry just doesn't get enough hype. Physics and biology can fend for themselves, they're very popular. Chemistry is notoriously underappreciated and overlooked, and it makes me sad.

So! Here are some great chemistry videos I've watched recently.

Under 15 minutes:

How does evaporation REALLY work?

Making Singlet Oxygen

Technetium chemistry - synthesis of Lanthanide Pertechnetates - nuclear chemistry

Making table salt using sodium metal and chlorine gas

Making Chloroform

White Phosphorus - Explosions&Fire

Making fuming nitric acid

The End of Haber Bosch

NCl3: a terrifying yellow abomination

Making Prussian Blue

The experiment that revealed the atomic world: Brownian Motion

Chirality is Just Turtles All the Way Down

Over 15 minutes:

Chemist Breaks Down 22 Chemistry Scenes From Movies & TV

Hydrogen Peroxide: going all the way

Does cyanide actually smell like almonds?

Cosmic Chemistry with Kate the Chemist & Neil deGrasse Tyson

The Hidden Chemistry of Everything with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Kate the Chemist

How DO Molecules Store Energy?

applied quantum mechanics

A Chemist Explains the ENTIRE History of Atomic Theory (in 48 Minutes)

*for example, I consider some of thermodynamics to be chemistry-related, as well as some aspects of quantum mechanics. When I say I don't promise to objective, I mean I'll make rather liberal decisions on the intersection of sciences. And you can't stop me.

#hopefully all the links work 🙄#mine #op #studyblr #chemblr #stemblr #chemistry #sciblr

167 notes · View notes

whirligig-girl · 9 months ago

Text

2379 March 19th

The air had a distinct chill to it by now, and Guz looked all around her as the sky took on an almost silvery cast. Gaps in the trees at the edge of the clearing acted as pinhole cameras, producing hundreds of little bright crescents onto the ground and onto the shuttlepod.

"I told you we'd be in the path of totality," Marta said, nudging Guz on the arm and pointing up at the sky. She tapped a button on her clear glass visor, and it suddenly became reflective and metallic. "Look at that. Any minute now." The Sun was now just a slim crescent, the Moon covering nearly all of it.

“Augh…” Guz said, rubbing her arms, “sorry I questioned your navigation skills.”

“Good,” Marta said.

"We have precisely three minutes and twelve seconds, by my count," Dyani said.

Guz had her telescope, a 5" catadioptric astrograph, set up on an equatorial mount, with a tunable Herschellian Wedge serving as a solar filter and heat rejection system. She was used to handholding her telescope, but with only three minutes of totality, she didn't want to take any chances. The holographic eyepiece she'd been using had dutifully captured full spectrum imagery of Sol and before the partial eclipse began she had tuned through the different visible wavelengths in the passthrough lens, allowing her, Marta, and Dyani to see prominences and filaments in Sol’s chromosphere, as well as detailed sunspots in its photosphere. Marta, having evolved around this especially hot star, could even make out the magnetically active plages in the deep-violet Calcium-K line, but Guz's eye lenses had a slight green-yellow tint which blocked far-violet, and Dyani's Vulcan eyes could barely even see blue--though she reported detail in the deep-red Hydrogen-Alpha view which astounded Marta and Guz. No matter--once the eclipse was over Guz would be able to process all of the spectral bands and find more appropriate wavelengths to display them in.

Guz was anxious, and she paced back and forth, shaking her wrists. They made an almost cartoonish literal slapping and sticking sound and she went, which was nice, because it was both tactile and auditory. She went back to the telescope, but she tripped on the tripod.

Guz emitted a gargling warbling sound which Marta was pretty sure was a mellanoid curse word, and she scrambled to fix the telescope’s alignment.

“AUGH!” she said “I messed up the polar alignment! It won’t track now…”

Marta stood up from her chair, and grabbed her canes. She walked up to Guz and put an arm on her shoulder. “Hey, Eaurp, don’t worry. The important thing isn’t the holos.”

“Actually the holos are incredibly important! I know you and Dyani are just here for fun, but I’m doing this for my Astro-251 class. I have to get these images!”

“Eaurp,” Dyani said. “It is unnecessary to fret. Professor Frederick made it clear that terrans have a long history of ‘eclipse madness’--”

“But I’m not a terran!”

“It is not a matter of the species, so much as the circumstance. As you are always so quick to remind us, Earth is the only known inhabited planet with a natural satellite that appears the same size as its parent star. The eclipses are rare and last only minutes,” Dyani said.

“Yeah girlie, you got the eclipse madness,” Marta said, “Just calm down for a minute. You’ll find a way to make up your project.”

Guz put her face in her hands, then looked up and began fiddling with her PADD to try and fix the alignment.

Guz tapped her combadge. "Cadet Guz's log, stardate 56212, continued. Terrans call it March 19th 2379. Local time is… 12:32. We are here in the Italian countryside, a minute away from totality, and I just bumped my telescope off of Sol. I have missed all three total eclipses that have occurred on Earth during my time here. This is my last year, and so my last shot. Everything has to go just right.”

“Forty seven seconds,” Dyani reported. Guz checked her chronometer. Dyani’s mental timing was ‘only’ two seconds off.

“Stop fiddling with that thing and just relax!” Marta said.

“NO! I HAVE TO SEE THE CORONA UP CLOSE!” Guz shouted, and she buried her eye into the holograph’s pass-through. “Ok! I see Sol and Luna!” Guz said. “This alignment will have to do…”

Guz watched as the last slivers of white sunlight disappeared. She looked up, and during that last moment, the entire world changed around her. She was standing in twilight, but with the sky orange all around her. She looked around. The animals were reacting wildly, with twitters and chirps and ribbiting from the local fauna, likely confused as to why the Sun went out in the middle of the day.

When Guz had first set foot on Earth, it was very literally an alien planet. But it still had blue skies, white clouds, deep blue seas, and green foliage (albeit much dryer and less sticky than she had been accustomed to).

The planet Guz was standing on right now was not Mellanus, not Italian Earth, and certainly not Luna--it was an entirely unique world, one which only existed for minutes at a time. Guz was standing on Planet Eclipse.

Guz looked up and shouted. “Hah! LOOK! LOOK AT THAT! THE CORONA!”

Nothing could have prepared her for it. The corona was a silvery halo that extended from the apparent black hole in the sky in all directions, with concentrated hairlike filaments stringing out from reddish pink spots on the black circle’s limb.

Before the eclipse, Sol had been white with a few dark specks and surrounded by darkness, but this thing was nearly its inverse: black, with a few tiny starlike dots inside of it, surrounded by a pale ghostly light. The Sun had disappeared, and something completely alien took its place. Intellectually, Guz knew that all stars--even Zwo-nmu--had coronae, but this was the first time she’d seen the corona with her own two eyes. She supposed it wouldn’t have to be the last--maybe next time she was in space she’d try to blot out the sun with her finger.

Guz could make out four starlike points, one to the left of the Sun, and three to the right. “Look! Look! There’s the other planets! The bright ones are Jupiter and Venus!”

She looked down and around again to see Marta sitting in the grass just staring up at the thing, her visor completely transparent. Dyani had taken her visor off entirely and stared, silently.

“WAIT! NO! The uh! The filter!” Guz said. She hadn’t remembered to remove the filter from her telescope. She scrambled back to the telescope, and twisted a dial on the Herschellian Wedge. The view through the passthrough eyepiece brightened up by 100,000 times and Guz actually saw the corona, magnified 50 times, in unfiltered, uncompressed detail. The detail was so delicate and intricate. Guz could now see the row of cilia-like prominences to the left, which Dyani had seen so easily before but which she and Marta had been unable to detect. In true color, Sol’s chromosphere was magenta, not the spectral red she had seen before in the H-alpha. As Guz’s eyes adjusted, she could even make out Luna’s city lights. She recognized Tycho City, and New Berlin immediately.

“Dyani, how much time do we have left?” Guz said.

After a moment, Dyani replied. “We should have another two minutes of totality left.”

Guz looked away from the eyepiece to get another look at the gaping hole in the sky where the Sun should be.

And then, in an instant, the corona disappeared entirely. A bead of intense white light bore into Guz’s retina, and she immediately flipped her visor down.

Guz’s hands shook. Then she slowly began to smile. “THAT WAS THE COOLEST THING I HAVE SEEN IN MY LIFE!” she shouted, and she began to jump up and down. Her hair went jiggly. Dyani looked at her with a blank stare, and Guz felt a little shy and stopped her celebrations. “I just can’t believe Mellanoids were robbed of this.”

“It is a remarkable celestial coincidence. The diurnal stellar eclipses visible on the T’khut-facing hemisphere of Vulcan do not capture the character of 40 Eridani A’s corona so completely, nor do they produce an atmosphere of such… eerie character.”

“Marta! Marta! Was it different to a Solar Eclipse on Luna?” Guz said, turning around.

Marta was still on the floor, rubbing her eyes, sobbing quietly to herself.

“Marta?” Guz said.

Marta reached out for a hand. Guz gave her a hand and pulled her up. Marta sniffled.

“Are you okay?” Guz said.

Marta just nodded. She didn’t look ok. Guz looked at Dyani, who just shrugged. Marta wiped her eyes again. Guz picked up Marta’s canes, and she walked back to her chair to take a seat.

Guz returned to her telescope. The herschel wedge had not been re-enabled. The holographic eyepiece was fried.

Guz stuttered a little. “Oh. Uh. Dyani. Um. There weren’t two minutes left.”

“What.”

“It was probably more like. Um. Two seconds. So the uh. The holograph is ruined.”

“Damn,” Dyani said.

“Haha. Yeah. Um. That coulda been my eye, haha…”

“Then it is fortunate you were not looking through the eyepiece at the end of totality.”

Guz checked her PADD to make sure the data was streamed properly to her recorder. When she was convinced that it was, she turned off the telescope and began packing it back up into the Class 2 Shuttlepod. By the time she finished, the sky had grown brighter; the air warmer.

When she was done, she sat down on the grass next to Marta’s chair, and put her visor back on. Luna no longer covered so much of Sol.

“It was… I don’t even know how to describe it…” Marta said. “I mean I’ve… I’ve seen solar eclipses before. And they’re beautiful from Luna, don’t get me wrong. But it’s all so different when you’re on Earth.”

“It’s a shame I won’t ever have the chance to see a solar eclipse on the Moon,” Guz said. “Well, I mean, I have seen one, it’s just, when you’re on Earth, we call it a Lunar Eclipse.”

“I’ve even seen terran eclipses before,” Marta said. “They don’t look like anything special from all the way up there. Just a little dark spot going across Earth. When I was younger, I wondered what terrans were so hyped up about, you know? But I get it.”

“And! And!” Guz said. “IT’S SO COOL! THAT YOU GET TO SEE ECLIPSES HAPPEN AT ALL ON LUNA AND VULCAN!”

“Indeed,” Dyani said, “the air temperature does drop noticeably during stellar eclipses due to the reduction in insolation. It is cool shit.”

“Omen doesn’t do that! When Omen got close to Mellanus, it was a lot like Luna--but a lot brighter. But it never goes in front of Zwo-nmu!”

“Why?” Marta said.

“It is a simple consequence of Mellanus’ coorbital trajectory,” Dyani said.

“Closest thing we get to eclipses is when Cold Ember transits Zwo-nmu and if you have really good vision you can see it with just a dark visor as a little dot.”

“I remember going out in my EV suit after finishing an early morning delivery in Oceanus Procellarum one time when I was 13,” Marta said. “The Sun hadn’t risen, but off to the east I could see this faint gray glow. I turned off my suit lights and just stared at the glow, with everything else almost black, just lit a little by the crescent Earth. The milky way was out, but this gray glow was even brighter than it. I kept watching it, even as my suit began to get freezing cold, I sat down on a little boulder a few meters from my shuttle. As I waited; it must have been almost an hour, I saw just about a quarter of a silvery circular halo. I saw a tiny hint of magenta come over the mountain in the distance, and before I knew it, the world exploded into light as the Sun came up. I had the ghost image in my eye for an hour after that. Made getting home a little harder.”

“Wow,” Guz said.

“In principle, what we have just witnessed was a sunset and a sunrise on Luna, just much farther away,” Dyani said.

“A couple years later I saw my first solar eclipse--what Terrans call a Lunar eclipse--and I realized what that ghostly glow was. But even then, I couldn’t see the corona all at once. Earth blocked half of it at a time,” Marta said. “But still I figured that the whole landscape around you turning orange-red from all of Earth’s sunrises and sunsets shining on the Moon more than made up for seeing the corona all at once.”

“Does it?” Dyani asked.

“It’s different when you’re standing out in the open without a space suit. You’re not in this temperature-controlled little box. It all feels… so much more real. The Sun shining right on my face, the air gets real chilly…”

“Is that why you were having an emotional reaction?” Dyani said.

“What? No. Not quite,” Marta said. “I dunno. Maybe. But I just realized, during totality, that that wasn’t just a big bite taken out of the Sun. That’s my home up there. I’ve seen it from space hundreds of times. But never like that.”

“Yeah…” Guz said.

“The Nevasan eclipses visible on Vulcan are similar to a Solar eclipse as viewed from Luna,” Dyani said. “Except the partial phase lasts minutes and the total phase lasts over an hour. It is essentially a brief second night time. 40 Eridani A’s corona is not visible for much of the eclipse.”

“My only other chance to see any eclipses was when I was doing survival training on Andoria, but they had us on Andoria’s far side and the one solar eclipse we would have seen due to an occultation by an outer moon, we were stuck inside the ice caves. Apparently Andorians don’t consider solar eclipses worth interrupting work for. Plus, 40 Eridani B is a white dwarf, so it’s not like its corona is actually visible. Also--you know how our shadows got weirdly sharp in the last minutes before totality? It’s like that all the time on Andoria. So at least there’s that.”

Guz looked down at the ground, then back up at the slowly brightening crescent Sun, and then at the dirt below her feet. The leaves of the trees still projected crescent-shaped images on the ground. Guz held her hair out, and bubbled it up, wondering if the green-tinted caustics cast on the ground would behave similarly.

“It was certainly one hell of an expedition to close out our senior years,” Dyani said.

“There she goes with the colorful language again,” Marta muttered.

“Perhaps you should speak up so Eaurp can hear you,” Dyani said.

They were arguing again. Guz didn’t think Dyani liked her very much, but she definitely didn’t seem to get along with Marta. “Thanks for coming out to Italy with me for this,” Guz said.

“Yeah,” Marta said. “It was… an adventure.”

“The Italian peninsula is home to many interesting historical sites. Perhaps we should visit some of them,” Dyani said. “For example, the fallen tower of Pisa.”

“Touristy nonsense, it’s just a field full of a bunch of people pretending to try to lift it back upright,” Marta said.

“I wanted to see it. Anyway we should probably start with finding any town, since our shuttlepod isn’t flying any time soon,” Guz said.

Marta gave Dyani some side-eye.

“That was not my fault,” Dyani said.

--------------

And yes, there really will be a total solar eclipse visible in Afroeurasia on March 19th, 2379 (at about 12:30 in Italy.)

Marta Martinez and Dyani were two of Guz's classmates at Starfleet Academy. In fact, Dyani was Guz's roommate. Dyani is @raydrawsdaly's OC. Marta and Guz are my OCs.

#Future Eclipse #Solar Eclipse #long post #fic #fanfic #Star Trek #Eaurp Guz #Dyani #Marta Martinez #Original Character #Original Characters #Starfleet Academy #Eclipse #Science Fiction #Slimegirl

16 notes · View notes

allthebrazilianpolitics · 28 days ago

Text

Researchers seek to make energy and carbon storage feasible on a large scale in Brazil

The GeoStorage Project includes the development of solutions such as a hydrogen super battery, energy storage with compressed air, and blue hydrogen in the pre-salt layer.

USP’s Research Center for Greenhouse Gas Innovation (RCGI) has just announced the creation of GeoStorage, a hub(integrated research unit) composed by a series of projects aimed at positioning Brazil as a global leader in large-scale energy and carbon storage systems. The studies are aimed at improving the use and development of new energy sources in the Country, as well as reducing emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO₂). This new initiative expands RCGI’s portfolio, which is dedicated to developing crucial technologies for the energy transition, further strengthening the center’s role in energy innovation and sustainability.

“Brazil has extraordinary potential to stand out in this sector, aligning itself with the main international initiatives. GeoStorage’s technologies are essential to the energy transition, and the growing interest of global companies in applying them reinforces the hub’s relevance in the energy scenario,” says RCGI’s CEO and scientific director, Julio Meneghini. “With the demand for clean hydrogen projected for 2050 and carbon capture estimated to reach 115 gigatons by 2060, the impact of these technologies is clear and transformative for the future of sustainable energy,” adds Pedro Vassalo Maia da Costa, director of thehub and researcher at USP’s School of Engineering (Poli).

GeoStorage was officially launched during the International Conference on Energy Transition (ETRI 2024), held by the RCGI in São Paulo from November 5 to 7. The new research hub consolidates RCGI’s knowledge and experience in developing innovative technologies for the geological storage of carbon and hydrogen in Brazil, standing out with the patent for the technology of gravitational separation of methane and CO₂ in salt caverns, winner of the ANP Technological Innovation Award in 2019.

The initiative also includes renowned experts, such as Professor Colombo Tassinari, from USP’s Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE), who received the ANP Award for Scientific Personality in 2023, presented by the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), and Nathália Weber, a non-profit organization that supports the development of carbon capture and storage projects in Brazil. In addition, GeoStorage is anchored in a robust base of scientific studies validated by publications and presentations at international conferences.

#brazil #brazilian politics #politics #science #environmentalism #image description in alt #mod nise da silveira

5 notes · View notes

thatdykepunkslut · 4 months ago

Text

youtube

Saw that post about the WOW! signal going around and how it "proves" aliens exist.

Well... no it doesn't, because there's a cosmological explanation now.

TL:DR, new research says the WOW! signal may have been a neutron star flare-up that lit up a cloud of hydrogen gas, creating the right frequency band with the right intensity for the right length of time. Every notable aspect of the signal is explained by this theory, intensity, frequency band, timing, location, blue shift, lack of repetition, lack of AM data.

I do not doubt that there is life out there in the universe, potentially even sapient life comparable to our own! However, I think it's extremely unlikely that any has existed long enough or close enough for their signals to have reached us yet; assuming they are even broadcasting powerfully enough in the first place (or at all).

#punkblogging #Youtube

2 notes · View notes

patamon · 2 years ago

Text

tagged by @komawo THANK YOU SM, I am soooo honoured to be included and I’m so sorry for the delays!!!! And omg of course you fit into the Tumblr community, I can’t believe you would even question this!

hot or cold shower: hot shower, my self-care practice is to drench myself in a hot shower and question all my choices in life

texting or calling: calling, so I think working from home has really soured my attitude towards texting or any text-related form of communication like emails, chats, etc...I can’t begin to tally the time and energy wasted on the back-and-forths, the typos, the waiting for people to respond, the misinterpretations and misunderstandings, the passive aggressive tension...like honestly, just press the little phone icon on MS Teams and we can resolve this 3-day email chain in 10-minutes, it’s not that hard.

earbuds or headphones: earbuds, got my first Air Pods this year and I’m not going back!!! If you have an iPhone, nothing will make more sense than Air Pods, I promise you.

paperback or hardcover: paperback, there’s something very nostalgic about the feel of a paperback book in my hand. It takes me back to a simpler and more innocent time, where all your life’s toughest questions could be answered in a satisfying concluding chapter of the book you’ve been working through.

More below the cut (because this got kinda long lol)...

matte or gel: I have no idea what this is referring to but my mind went to nails…like gel nails or the….other type idk. So my answer is idk...

12 hr clock or 24 hr clock: 12 hour, 24-hour clock is too complicated for my brain

blue or green: blue, favourite colour 💙 Only reason why I picked Team Mystic in PoGo

sunsets or sunrises: I wish I could say both but am I ever up to actually see a sunrise? 🤣

tulips or orchids: orchids, I grew up with orchids all around me. Even now, there are orchids everywhere in our abode because my mother loves tending to them. It’s actually kinda cute to see her tend to her hobby.

candle light or moonlight: moonlight 🌝 not only is moonlight prettier, but it doesn’t stoke my anxiety and give me constant fear that everything in my home would be burned down lol

sci-fi or horror: sci-fi, me and my anxiety cannot handle horror anything, nope.

pen or pencil: pen, I WANT TO MARK THAT SHIT DOWN IN PERMANENCE! Plus, I love Muji pens

pandas or koalas: pandas, #teambamboo

gold or silver: gold, it pops more when I incorporate gold into any projects I’m working on, silver kinda blends into the background, unless I’m using a dark background but I rare use dark backgrounds.

sneakers or boots: sneakers, comfy and practical 😊

denim or leather jacket: neither because they’re both uncomfortable, but out of the two, I would say denim

pink or purple: pink, esp pastel pink

choco or sour candy: sour candy, I used to hate sour, but the older I get, the more I crave sour things. I don’t know what that means…am I Hydrogen ion deficient or something?

deodorant or perfume: perfume, deodorant makes my skin feel all weird. Maybe I’m allergic

drive-in theater or cinema: cinema, I do miss going to the movies. I haven’t been as often since COVID lockdown and would really like to go back on a regular basis. Also, I’ve never been to a drive-in theatre but imagine it would be too distracting with everything around me. I really want to immerse myself in the movie….that’s why I enjoy going to the cinema a lot

pastel blue or earth tones: pastel blue, favourite colour pt. 2 💙 💙

lemonade or fruit juice: lemonade, goes back to my sour thing

past or future: As cliché as it sounds, I do try my best to live in the present so…neither?

Tagging @tangledupblue, @digitalworldbound, @reliablejoukido, @sluggybasson107, @places-people, @ri-ships-takari, @stoppingtosmelltheflowers, @ahiddenpath, @tohjofalls, @animegenork

and anyone else who wants to do this!

#tagged #it didn't say how many people to tag so I just tagged a bunch of people I could think of #and omg im sooo sorry if i missed you #T-T

21 notes · View notes

thecruxarm-personal-blog · 2 years ago

Text

Introducing: the Grape Fungus!!!! :D

(Creative name, I know

The Grape Fungus, which I have informally named after all the purple "sacs" that it grows, is a species which holds a deeply symbiotic relationship with the Dome Trees, which I posted about earlier today :]

Regarding this symbiotic relationship between the Grape Fungus and the Dome Tree, the Dome Tree provides shelter and an overabundance of nutrients for the comparatively much smaller Grape Fungus, who in turn offer carbon for the tree to absorb; with carbon being an especially valued resource by all plants on this planet during this time period, due to the very low CO2 levels.

More onto the physical biology of these fellas, the Grape Fungus are composed mainly of mycellium, which of course anchors it to the ground and allows for the fungus to absorb nutrients from the Dome Tree, and of these purple sacks which contain and process the various nutrients present innthe Dome Tree's xylem and phloem in order to grow its own body. The membranes of these sacks are externally composed of carbon (though the interior of the sac membrane is formed out of other elements which do not react with any of the tree's biochemicals).

It should also be noted that lots of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are inside the xylem and phloem of the Dome Tree, as having elements which bond with carbon so easily is very benefitial due to the tree's heavy reliance on the element. The high presence of these three elements is also what gives the sacs of the Grape Fungus its purple colour (with hydrogen being white, oxygen being red and nitrogen being blue).

The Grape Fungus also reproduce via their sacks "exploding" - when this happens, their spores are dispersed nearby, although the Grape Fungus does not grow outside the safety of the shade provided by the Dome Tree. When the sacs explode, the leftover nutrients not used up by the fungus and the carbon in the membranes of the sacs are absorbed by the Dome Tree. Since the carbon in the sacs membranes of the Grape Fungus is not recycled biomass from the Dome Tree, this means the tree actually gains more carbon compared to the amount of nutrients absorbed by the fungus. The Dome Tree is also too large for the fungus to actually weaken it to any substantial extent by leeching off of its nutrients.

----------------------------

That's another species out of the way :D

I'm not super experienced yet in designing alien organisms and all of that business, so theres probably at least a few mistakes or holes in my logic regarding the Grape Fungus and Dome Tree regarding their biology or the way their symbiosis works, but if i do ever or already have gotten anything wrong, by all means feel free to point it out to me :D im very willing to rework any stuff i do for this project if its not super realistic

#spec bio #speculative biology #xenobiology #original species #worldbuilding #aliens #fungus #fytikó #fytikóworld

8 notes · View notes

exit-babylon · 2 years ago

Text

(American) War Department

CIA’s Directorate for Science and Technology Which gathers information with promise for scientific and technological developments which present a superiority advantage for, or a threat against, the National Security, [also contains the “Weird Desk”, which centrally processes intelligence about UFOs and ETs and their interaction with Earth], current Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Science and Technology is Ron Pandolfi.

Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) Ballistic Missile Defense Org. (BMDO)

Which coordinates research, development and deployment of Star Wars electromagnetic pulse, killer laser, particle beam, plasmoid, and other advanced technology aerospace weapons.

Department of Energy (DOE) which, besides its cover story of researching cleaner-burning coal and gasoline and more solar power, is principally involved in research and development of: more specialized nuclear weapons; compact, self-sustaining, fusion powered, particle and wave weapons, including electromagnetic pulse, gravitational/anti-gravitational, laser, particle beam and plasmoid applied weapons research; high energy invisibility “cloaking” technology, etc.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories Sandia National Laboratories-West (SNL-W)

Which are involved in nuclear warhead “refinements”, development of new transuranic elements for weapons and energy applications, development of anti-matter weapons (the Teller Bomb: 10,000 times the force of a hydrogen bomb), laser/maser technology applications, and, reportedly, successful teleportation experiments, among other projects, at this Russian nicknamed “City of Death”), Livermore, CA.

Idaho National Engineering Laboratories (INEL), which houses numerous underground facilities in an immense desert installations complex larger than Rhode Island, has security provided by its own secret Navy Base, is involved in nuclear, high energy electromagnetic, and other research, and includes Argonne National Laboratory, West), Arco, ID

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Phillips Air Force Laboratory Which are sequestered on Kirtland Air Force Base/Sandia Military Reservation, and conduct the translation of theoretical and experimental nuclear and Star Wars weapons research done at Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories into practical, working weapons), Albuquerque, NM.

Tonopah Test Range SNL’s DOE weapons testing facility for operationally testing Star Wars weapons in realistic target situations, and is adjacent to classified stealth and cloaked aerospace craft and United States-UFO bases at the Groom Lake [USAF/DOE/CIA] Base [Area 51] and Papoose Lake Base [S-4]), Nevada Test Site/Nellis AFB Range, Tonopah, NV.

Haystack (Buttes) USAF Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA A 30 levels deep, extreme security facility reportedly engaged in alien technology retro-engineering.

Los Alamos National Laboratories The premiere research lab for nuclear, subatomic particle, high magnetic field, exometallurgical, exobiological and other exotic technologies research, Los Alamos County, NM.

Area 51/Groom Lake (USAF/DOE/CIA) Base) and S-4 (Papoose Lake Base) Ultra-secure “non-existent” deployment bases where extremely classified aerospace vehicles are tested and operationally flown, including the Aurora hypersonic spyplane, the Black Manta [TR-3A] stealth fighter follow-on to the F-117A, the Pumpkinseed hyper-speed unmanned aerospace reconnaissance vehicle, and several variants of anti-gravitational craft (U.S.-UFOs).

U.S. Special Forces Command Hurlburt Field, Mary Esther, Fl, along with its Western U.S. Headquarters, Special Forces Command, Beale AFB, Marysville, CA, coordinating:

U.S. Army ‘Delta’ Forces (Green Berets) U.S. Navy SEALs (Black Berets), Coronado, CA. USAF Blue Light (Red Berets) Strike Force

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which coordinates the application of latest scientific findings to the development of new generations of weapons.

The Jason Group Elite weapons application scientists, developing cutting-edge science weapons for DARPA, and operating under the cover of the Mitre Corporation.

Aquarius Group UFO technology application scientists, reportedly working under the guidance of the Dolphin Society, an elite group of scientists privy to extremely classified science and technology findings.

Defense Science Board Which serves as the Defense Department’s intermediary between weapons needs and the physical sciences.

Defense Nuclear Agency Currently concentrating on fusion powered, high energy particle beam, X-ray laser, and EM forcefield weapons development and deployment.

U.S. Space Command Space War Headquarters for operating “the next war, which will be fought and won in space”, Falcon AFB, CO.

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), operating the nuclear survivable space surveillance and war command center deep inside Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado Springs, CO.

Air Force Office of Space Systems Which coordinates the development of future technology for operating and fighting in space.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which operates covert space defense, ET research, and space weapons compartments, in addition to manned Shuttle and unmanned scientific satellite launches.

NASA’s Ames Research Center Which conducts the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Project, Exobiology (alien life forms) Division, and “Human Factors” (PSY-Warfare) Division), Sunnyvale, CA.

Project Cold Empire SDI weapons research – Classified

Project Snowbird Pseudo-UFO’s used as misinformation.

Project Aquarius UFO research – Classified

Project MILSTAR Development and deployment of WW III [space war] command, control, communication and intelligence satellites.

Project Tacit Rainbow Stealth drones/pseudo-UFO’s.

Project Timberwind Nuclear powered space vehicles.

Project Code EVA Space walk based technology.

Project Cobra Mist SDI energy -beam (plasmoid?) weapon research.

Project Cold Witness SDI weapons – Classified

#gangstalking #mind control #government #military

3 notes · View notes

tumbleringismycopingmechanism · 7 months ago

Text

At the risk of sounding like an insufferable know-it-all (and just in case you don't wanna go through the entire article):

Chewing gum is mostly indigestable and passes through the body at the same rate as any other matter

Veins appear blue due to a combination of subsurface scattering of light through the skin and the human colour perception. Blood is always red, however medical diagramms usually use blue to differenciate veins (which lead towards the heart) from arteries (which lead away from the heart and are coloured red)

Fossil fuels are mostly formed from leftover algae and plants that were burried under certain conditions

Rice, yeast and Alka-Seltzer are rarely fatal to birds, however they do receive very little nutrition from it, so a diet high on bread will cause malnutrition. Also, if the bread is stale they might get a lung disease from it. So better feed them something else

Mice prefer sweet food like fruits over cheese

Carrots only help with your vision if you have a vitamin A deficiency (and even then just bring you back to a more normal level)

Cleopatra has an impressively long Wikipedia entry that I won't try to summarize (unfortunately the German version at least seems to include the idea of her as a seductress, so maybe you should also use other sources as well for this one)

Bulls are enraged by the perceived threat that is the bullfighter. They can't even see red

Corsets are more or less a predecessor to bras and when worn correctly shouldn't hurt the wearer

The wording of the OP for the glass thing was very confusing to me until I read the Wikipedia thing: yes, when melted glass is a slow-moving liquid. However at roomtemperature glass is solid and if windows are uneven then that's because the were not well-made, not because they slowly melt down like a bloody candle

Tomato juice only "works" against skunk smell for human noses because basically the nose is so overwhelmed at that point that it just gives up. For dogs it is recommended to use a mixture of dilute hydrogen peroxide (3%), baking soda and dishwashing liquid

As is probably no surprise, Einstein was great at Maths and Science

Studies only show a correlation between drinking alcohol and drowning, but not between eating and stomach cramps or eating and drowning

Cracking one's knuckles doesn't cause osteoarthritis

There's no evidence that Iron Maidens were even invented in the Middle Ages, let alone used for torture. They were probably pieced together in the 18th century as a spectacle for commercial exhibitions

The inner core of earth is solid metal, the outer core is liquid metal

I'm gonna be honest, as someone who's not from the US I have no idea about "the myth of thanksgiving" so I'll pass on that one

All bat species are capable of sight and some even have excellent night vision

Diamonds are formed much deeper underground than coal and mostly predate the plants coal is formed out of

Each part of the moon gets about the same amount of sunlight

The sun emits white light that earth's atmosphere breaks down, making the sun look yellow (or red-orange when near the horizon)

Lightning will often strike the same place multiple times, especially if said place is very prominent and/or highly conductive

Columbus reached various American islands and mainland South America, but never mainland North America

Medieval scholars did not believe the earth to be flat (I'd like to point out that that means specifically educated folks; I'm not sure the same could be said about the entire population seeing as many had only the most basic education necessary for their job)

Piranhas only attack humans when they feel threatened and even then stick to biting your hands or feet, not trying to eat you. In fact, they're not even carnivores but omnivores

Goldfish have a memory span of several months

Porcupines can detach their quills and will back into attackers to impale them, but the quills do not project

Since we're on tumblr I'll just say Spider George. (But fr: humans make noises while asleep which warns the spider to not get close, plus usually humans wake up when there's a spider on their face)

Wolves howl to communicate

Depending on who you ask, humans have up to 20 senses (though a lot of the ones listed to me just seem like a smaller part of touch)

Muscle soreness is thought to be due to microtrauma from unaccustumed or strenuous exercise

The bacterium that causes tetanus likes the same dirty environments that promote metal rusting. (So you probably still should be carefull around rusty metal)

I'm looking back at random things I was taught as a kid by various adults and media and. did nobody bother to factcheck anything? was that just not an option or

#no idea why i did this

54K notes · View notes

ananka-fasteners · 2 days ago

Text

Coated Fasteners: Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Fasteners are critical components in a variety of industries, ensuring the strength and stability of assemblies. To enhance their durability, resistance to environmental factors, and aesthetic appeal, fasteners are often coated. This blog delves into coated fasteners, focusing on their types, applications, and benefits, while also spotlighting Ananka Group as a leading coated fastener manufacturer in India.

India has emerged as a global hub for manufacturing high-quality fasteners. Among these, coated fasteners are a specialty, with manufacturers focusing on advanced technologies to ensure durability and reliability. Renowned manufacturers, like Ananka Group, provide a vast range of coated fasteners that meet international standards such as ASTM, ISO, and DIN. With state-of-the-art facilities and rigorous quality checks, these manufacturers cater to industries such as automotive, construction, marine, aerospace, and more.

Why Coated Fasteners?

Fasteners are exposed to various environmental and operational conditions, including moisture, heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress. Coating serves several purposes:

Corrosion Resistance: Prevents rust and degradation in harsh environments.

Enhanced Durability: Increases lifespan by protecting the base material.

Improved Aesthetics: Provides an appealing finish.

Reduced Friction: Facilitates smoother tightening and loosening processes.

Types of Coated Fasteners

Coated fasteners are available in various types, each tailored for specific applications and environments:

1. Blue Zinc Plated Fasteners

Features: A blue-tinted coating provides moderate corrosion resistance while enhancing aesthetic appeal.

Applications: Commonly used in automotive and construction industries.

2. Hot Dip Galvanized Fasteners

Features: A thick zinc coating applied by dipping in molten zinc, providing excellent corrosion resistance.

Applications: Ideal for outdoor use, including bridges, towers, and fences.

3. PTFE Coated Fasteners

Features: Non-stick, low-friction coating that resists chemicals and high temperatures.

Applications: Found in chemical plants, marine environments, and oil & gas industries.

4. Yellow Zinc Plated Fasteners

Features: Golden hue adds aesthetic value while providing corrosion resistance.

Applications: Used in decorative and structural applications.

5. Aluminium Zinc Flake Coated Fasteners

Features: Combines aluminium and zinc flake layers for superior corrosion resistance without hydrogen embrittlement.

Applications: Commonly utilized in the automotive and wind energy industries.

6. Black Phosphate Fasteners

Features: Offers moderate corrosion resistance with a matte black finish.

Applications: Widely employed in the automotive and electronics sectors.

7. Zinc Cobalt Plated Fasteners

Features: Enhanced corrosion resistance compared to standard zinc plating.

Applications: Popular in the automotive sector for under-the-hood components.

8. Black Zinc Plated Fasteners

Features: Provides a sleek black appearance with good corrosion resistance.

Applications: Used in architectural and decorative projects.

9. Zinc Plated Fasteners

Features: Economical coating offering basic corrosion protection.

Applications: Suitable for indoor use in furniture and appliances.

10. Nickel-Plated Fasteners

Features: Highly durable and resistant to corrosion and wear.

Applications: Commonly used in electronics and decorative applications.

Benefits of Coated Fasteners

Extended Lifespan: Coatings significantly increase the longevity of fasteners.

Cost-Effective: Reduces maintenance and replacement costs.

Environment-Specific Protection: Tailored coatings provide protection in specific conditions, such as saltwater or high temperatures.

Enhanced Performance: Reduces wear and tear on mating parts.

Manufacturing Excellence: Ananka Group

Ananka Group is a renowned manufacturer and supplier of high-quality coated fasteners in India. With cutting-edge technology and stringent quality controls, the company produces a wide range of coated fasteners tailored to diverse industrial needs. Key features include:

State-of-the-Art Facility: Advanced machinery ensures precision and uniform coating.

Custom Solutions: Tailored coating solutions for specific applications.

Global Reach: Exporting coated fasteners to countries worldwide.

Quality Assurance: Products meet international standards, including ASTM, DIN, and ISO.

Applications of Coated Fasteners

Coated fasteners find applications across various industries:

Construction: Bridges, buildings, and infrastructure.

Automotive: Chassis, engines, and decorative elements.

Marine: Ships, docks, and offshore platforms.

Oil & Gas: Pipelines, rigs, and refineries.

Electronics: Circuit boards and enclosures.

Conclusion

Coated fasteners are indispensable in modern industries, offering unparalleled durability, resistance, and functionality. Selecting the right type of coating is crucial for optimal performance in specific environments. With Ananka Group’s expertise in manufacturing coated fasteners, customers can be assured of top-notch quality and reliability.

FAQs

Q1: What are coated fasteners?

Coated fasteners are fasteners with a protective layer to enhance their resistance to environmental factors, improve performance, and extend their lifespan.

Q2: How do I choose the right coating for my fasteners?

Consider the application environment, required corrosion resistance, and budget. For example, PTFE is ideal for chemical resistance, while hot-dip galvanizing suits outdoor use.

Q3: Are coated fasteners more expensive?

While the initial cost might be higher than uncoated fasteners, their extended lifespan and reduced maintenance costs make them cost-effective in the long run.

Q4: Can coated fasteners be used in marine environments?

Yes, coatings like PTFE and hot-dip galvanizing are suitable for marine environments due to their high corrosion resistance.

Q5: Does Ananka Group offer customized coating solutions?

Yes, Ananka Group provides tailored coating solutions to meet specific industrial requirements.

#anankafasteners #ananka #manufacturer #fasteners #supplier #mumbai #hex #bolt #usa #uk #Coatedfasteners #fastenersmanufacurer

0 notes

123567-9qaaq9 · 2 days ago

Text

Green Hydrogen Market Trends: Growth and Opportunities Through 2024-2033

Hydrogen itself is a versatile energy carrier, and it can be produced through various methods. Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen that is produced using renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power, through a process called electrolysis.

The global Green hydrogen market was valued at $828.2 million in 2023, and it is expected to grow with a CAGR of 67.19% during the forecast period 2023-2033 to reach $141.29 billion by 2033.

Green Hydrogen Overview

Green hydrogen represents a significant breakthrough in the field of renewable energy and sustainability. It is a form of hydrogen gas produced using renewable energy sources, distinguishing it from grey or blue hydrogen, which are derived from fossil fuels. The primary method for producing green hydrogen is through the electrolysis of water, a process that utilizes electricity generated from renewable sources such as wind, solar, or hydropower to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Request a free sample report of the Green Hydrogen Market Trends

The Growing Market for Green Hydrogen - Market Demand Drivers

Decarbonization Targets- Many countries have set ambitious net-zero emissions goals, with hydrogen seen as a critical solution to decarbonize sectors that are hard to electrify, such as heavy industry, shipping, and aviation.

Advances in Technology- The cost of producing green hydrogen through electrolysis has been steadily decreasing due to advancements in renewable energy technologies and electrolyzer efficiency.

Corporate Commitments- Major corporations, particularly in the energy, transportation, and industrial sectors, are committing to using green hydrogen as part of their sustainability strategies.

Government Supports and Policy Incentives- Governments worldwide are creating policies and providing incentives to promote the use of green hydrogen.

Download Complete TOC of the Green Hydrogen Market Trends

Green Hydrogen Market Segmentation

1 By Application

Oil and Gas

Industrial Feedstock

Mobility

Power Generation

Industrial Feedstock Application to Dominate Global Green Hydrogen Market

2 By Technology

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer Alkaline Electrolyzer Anion Exchange Membrane Solid Oxide Electrolyzer

Alkaline Electrolyzer to Lead the Global Green Hydrogen Market (by Technology)

3 By Renewable Energy Source

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Others

Solar Energy to Hold Highest Share in Global Green Hydrogen Market

4 By Region

• North America - U.S., Canada, and Mexico

• Europe - France, Germany, U.K., Spain, Italy, Russia, and Rest-of-Europe

• Asia-Pacific - China, India, Japan, Australia, South Korea, and Rest-of-Asia-Pacific

• Rest-of-the-World (ROW)

Get more market insights on Advanced materials and chemicals

Key Market Players

Linde plc

Air Liquide

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Engie

Uniper SE

Siemens Energy

Green Hydrogen Systems

Cummins Inc.

Recent Developments

• In 2023, Linde plc announced plans to increase green hydrogen production capacity in California, responding to growing demand from the mobility market.

• In February 2021, Air Liquide and Siemens Energy signed a memorandum of understanding with the objective of combining their expertise in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis technology. In this collaboration, both companies intend to focus their activities on key areas such as the co-creation of large industrial-scale hydrogen projects in collaboration with customers, laying the ground for manufacturing electrolyzers at large scale in Europe, especially in Germany and France, and R&D activities to co-develop next-generation electrolyzer technologies.

Conclusion

The Green Hydrogen Market stands at a pivotal point in its development, driven by the urgent need to address climate change and the global push toward sustainable energy. As countries, industries, and consumers prioritize decarbonization, green hydrogen has emerged as a key solution for achieving net-zero emissions, particularly in sectors that are challenging to electrify, such as heavy industry, transportation, and power generation.

With a combination of technological advancements, declining renewable energy costs, and strong government policies, the market for green hydrogen is poised for significant growth. The expanding role of corporate sustainability commitments, coupled with increased investment and international collaboration, is further accelerating the transition toward a hydrogen-powered economy.

#Green Hydrogen Market #Green Hydrogen Report #Green Hydrogen Industry

0 notes

oilgasenergymagazine · 10 days ago

Text

Decarbonization in Oil and Gas: A Comprehensive Guide

Source: Image by kamranaydinov

Category: Renewable Energy

The oil and gas industry has long been associated with greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. As the world grapples with the urgency of addressing this environmental crisis, the need for decarbonization in oil and gas has emerged as a pivotal topic. This article will explore the meaning of decarbonization in the context of the oil and gas sector, the strategies being implemented, and the challenges faced in this transformative journey.

Understanding Decarbonization in Oil and Gas

Decarbonization in oil and gas refers to the process of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with the exploration, production, and consumption of fossil fuels. This process involves implementing various technologies and practices aimed at minimizing the carbon footprint of oil and gas operations while still meeting global energy demands. The primary goal of decarbonization is to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, as outlined in international agreements like the Paris Accord.

The urgency of this initiative cannot be overstated. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), oil and gas account for nearly 50% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. Therefore, effective decarbonization in oil and gas is essential to achieving broader climate goals.

Strategies for Decarbonization in Oil and Gas

The pathway to decarbonization in oil and gas involves several key strategies that companies are adopting to minimize their carbon emissions. Here are some of the most effective approaches:

1. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)

https://oilgasenergymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/8.1.-Carbon-Capture-Utilization-and-Storage-CCUS-Image-by-1715d1db_3-from-Getty-Images-.jpg

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a leading technology in the decarbonization of the oil and gas industry. This process captures CO2 emissions produced from industrial processes and either stores it underground or utilizes it in various applications, such as enhanced oil recovery.

CCUS has the potential to reduce emissions from large point sources, such as refineries and gas processing plants, making it an essential component of the decarbonization strategy. Major oil companies, including Shell and BP, have invested significantly in CCUS projects, aiming to capture millions of tons of CO2 annually.

2. Transition to Renewable Energy

Another vital strategy for achieving decarbonization in oil and gas is transitioning to renewable energy sources. This includes investing in solar, wind, and bioenergy projects. Many oil and gas companies are diversifying their portfolios by acquiring or developing renewable energy assets, signaling a shift towards a more sustainable energy future.

For instance, TotalEnergies has committed to becoming a world-class player in renewable energies, aiming to generate a substantial portion of its revenue from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. This strategic pivot not only helps reduce emissions but also positions these companies to thrive in a low-carbon economy.

3. Improving Energy Efficiency

Enhancing energy efficiency in oil and gas operations is a straightforward yet effective method for decarbonization. By optimizing processes, upgrading equipment, and implementing advanced technologies, companies can significantly reduce their energy consumption and associated emissions.

Innovative solutions like digital twins, predictive maintenance, and process automation can help companies identify inefficiencies and streamline operations. These improvements not only lead to reduced emissions but also result in cost savings, making them an attractive option for businesses.

4. Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen is emerging as a promising alternative energy carrier that can play a significant role in the decarbonization of the oil and gas sector. Specifically, blue hydrogen, produced using natural gas with carbon capture technology, offers a lower-emission fuel option.

Oil and gas companies are investing in hydrogen projects to explore its potential as a clean energy source. For example, the development of hydrogen hubs, where hydrogen is produced, stored, and distributed, is gaining traction. This initiative could facilitate a transition to a hydrogen-based economy while leveraging existing natural gas infrastructure.

Challenges to Decarbonization in Oil and Gas

While the strategies for decarbonization in oil and gas are promising, several challenges remain:

1. Economic Viability

Implementing decarbonization strategies often requires substantial investments. The high costs associated with technologies like CCUS and renewable energy projects can deter companies from pursuing these initiatives. Furthermore, fluctuating oil prices can impact the financial feasibility of long-term investments in decarbonization technologies.

2. Regulatory Framework

The regulatory environment surrounding decarbonization in oil and gas can be complex and inconsistent across regions. Companies may face challenges in navigating these regulations, which can hinder their ability to implement decarbonization initiatives effectively. A coherent and supportive policy framework is essential for fostering investment in low-carbon technologies.

3. Technological Development

The rapid advancement of technologies required for decarbonization can pose a challenge for the oil and gas industry. While significant progress has been made in areas like CCUS and hydrogen production, further research and development are necessary to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The industry must collaborate with technology providers, governments, and research institutions to accelerate innovation.

4. Public Perception and Engagement

Public perception of the oil and gas industry is evolving, with growing concerns about environmental impact and climate change. Companies must engage with stakeholders and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and decarbonization. Building trust with communities, investors, and customers is crucial for the long-term success of decarbonization efforts.

Conclusion

Decarbonization in oil and gas is not just a necessity for addressing climate change; it is also an opportunity for innovation and growth within the industry. By adopting strategies such as carbon capture, transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and exploring hydrogen production, companies can significantly reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to global climate goals.

However, the path to decarbonization is fraught with challenges, including economic viability, regulatory hurdles, technological development, and public perception. Overcoming these obstacles will require collaboration, investment, and a commitment to sustainability from all stakeholders in the oil and gas sector.

As we move forward, the importance of decarbonization in oil and gas will only continue to grow. Companies that embrace this transition will not only mitigate their environmental impact but also position themselves as leaders in a rapidly changing energy landscape. The future of the oil and gas industry hinges on its ability to innovate and adapt to the challenges of decarbonization, ensuring a sustainable energy future for generations to come.

#petroleumengineering #gas #oilindustry #construction

0 notes