#blue hydrogen projects

[humblehydrogen]

Are you looking for the best alkaline electrolyzer manufacturers in the UK? We offer the best Green hydrogen electrolyser with MCP 200 Bar Storage at an affordable price range.

[nasa]

Launch Your Creativity with Space Crafts!

In honor of the completion of our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope��s spacecraft — the vehicle that will maneuver the observatory to its place in space and enable it to function once there — we’re bringing you a space craft you can complete at home! Join us for a journey across the cosmos, starting right in your own pantry.

Stardust Slime

Ingredients:

1 5 oz. bottle clear glue

½ tablespoon baking soda

Food coloring

1 tablespoon contact lens solution

1 tablespoon glitter

Directions:

Pour the glue into a bowl.

Mix in the baking soda.

Add food coloring (we recommend blue, purple, black, or a combination).

Add contact lens solution and use your hands to work it through the slime. It will initially be very sticky! You can add a little extra contact lens solution to make it firmer and less goopy.

Add glitter a teaspoon at a time, using as much or as little as you like!

Did you know that most of your household ingredients are made of stardust? And so are you! Nearly every naturally occurring element was forged by living or dying stars.

Take the baking soda in this slime recipe, for example. It’s made up of sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The hydrogen was made during the big bang, right at the start of the universe. But the other three elements were created by dying stars. So when you show your friends your space-y slime, you can tell them it’s literally made of stardust!

Still feeling crafty? Try your hand at more pantry projects or these 3D and paper spacecraft models. If you’re eager for a more advanced space craft, check out these embroidery creations for inspiration! Or if you’re ready for a break, take a virtual tour of an interactive version of the Roman Space Telescope here.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Battery rationality

If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/12/06/shoenabombers/#paging-dick-cheney

After 9/11, we were told that "no cost was too high" when it came to fighting terrorism, and indeed, the US did blow trillions on forever wars and regime change projects and black sites and kidnappings and dronings and gulags that were supposed to end terrorism.

Back in the imperial core, we all got to play the home edition of the "no price is too high" War on Terror game. New, extremely invasive airport security measures were instituted. A "no-fly" list as thick as a phone book, assembled in secret, without any due process or right of appeal, was produced and distributed to airlines, and suddenly, random babies and sitting US Senators couldn't get on airplanes anymore, because they were simultaneously too dangerous to fly and also not guilty enough to charge with any crime:

https://pluralistic.net/2021/01/20/damn-the-shrub/#no-nofly

We lost our multitools, our knitting needles, our medical equipment, all in the name of keeping another boxcutter rebellion from rushing the cockpit. As security expert Bruce Schneier repeatedly pointed out back then, the presence of (for example) glass bottles on the drinks trolley meant that would-be terrorists could trivially avail themselves of an improvised edged weapon that was every bit as deadly as 9/11's box cutters.

According to Schneier, there were exactly two meaningful security measures taken in those days: reinforcing cockpit doors, and teaching basic self-defense to flight crews. Everything else was "security theater," a term coined to describe the entire business, from TSA confiscations to warehouses full of useless "chemical sniffer" booths that were supposed to smell out bombs on our person:

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/01/airport-scanner-scam/

Security theater isn't just about deploying measures that don't work – it's also about defending yourself against risks that don't exist. You know how this goes: in 2001, Richard Reid – AKA "The Shoenabomber" – tried to blow up a plane with explosives he'd hidden in his shoes. It didn't work, because it's a stupid idea – and then we all took off our shoes for a quarter-century:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Reid

In 2006, a gang of amateur chemists hatched a plan to synthesize explosives in an airplane toilet sink, scheming to smuggle in different reagents and precursors in their carry-on luggage, then making a bomb in the sky and taking down the plane and all its passengers. The "Hair Gel Bombers" were caught before the could try their scheme, but even if they had made it onto the plane, they would have failed. Their liquid explosive recipe started with mixing up a "piranha bath" – a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide – that needs to be kept extremely cold for a long time, or it will turn into instantly lethal gas. If the liquid bomb plot had gone ahead, the near-certain outcome would have been the eventual discovery of an asphyxiated terrorist in the bathroom, lips blue and lungs burned away, face down in a shallow sink filled with melting ice-cubes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot

The fact that these guys failed utterly didn't have any impact on the dramaturges who ran the world's security theater. We're still having our liquids taken away at airport checkpoints.

Why did we have to defend ourselves against imaginary attacks that had been proven not to work? Because "no price was too high to pay" in the War on Terror. As Schneier pointed out, this was obvious nonsense: there is a 100% effective, foolproof way to prevent all attacks on civilian aircraft. All we need to do is institute a 100% ban on air travel. We didn't do that, because "no price is too high to pay" was always bullshit. Some prices are obviously too high to pay.

Which is why we still get to keep our underwear on, even after Umar Farouk "Underwear Bomber" Abdulmutallab's failed 2009 attempt to blow up an airplane with a bomb he'd hidden in his Y-fronts:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab

It's why we aren't all getting a digital rectal exam every time we fly, despite the fact that hiding a bomb up your ass actually works, as proven by Abdullah "Asshole Bomber" al-Asiri, who blew his torso off with a rectally inserted bomb in 2009 in a bid to kill a Saudi official:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_al-Asiri

Apparently, giving every flier a date with Doctor Jellyfinger is too high a price to pay for aviation safety, too.

Now, theatrical productions can have very long runs (The Mousetrap ran in London for 70 years!), but eventually the curtain rings down on every stage. It's possible we're present for the closing performance of security theater.

On September 17, the Israeli military assassinated 12 people in Lebanon and wounded 2,800 more by blowing up their pagers and two-way radios whose batteries had been gimmicked with pouches of PETN, a powerful explosive. This is a devastating attack, because we carry a ton of battery-equipped gadgets around with us, and most of them are networked and filled with programmable electronics, so they can be detonated based on a variety of circumstances – physical location, a specific time, or a remote signal.

What's more, PETN-gimmicked batteries are super easy to make and effectively impossible to detect. In a breakdown published a few days after the attack, legendary hardware hacker Andrew "bunnie" Huang described the hellmouth that had just been opened:

https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/2024/turning-everyday-gadgets-into-bombs-is-a-bad-idea/

The battery in your phone, your laptop, your tablet, and your power-bank is a "lithium pouch battery." These are manufactured all over the world, and you don't need a large or sophisticated factory to make one. It would be effectively impossible to control the manufacture of these batteries. You can make batteries in "R&D quantities" for about $50,000. Alibaba will sell you a full, turnkey "pouch cell assembly line" for about $10,000. More reputable vendors want as little as $15,000.

A pouch cell is composed of layers of "cathode and anode foils between a polymer separator that is folded many times." After a machine does all this folding, the battery is laminated into a pouch made of aluminum foil, which is then cleaned up, labeled, and flushed into the global supply chain.

To make a battery bomb, you mix PETN "with binders to create a screen-printed sheet" that's folded and inserted into the battery, in such a way as to produce a shaped charge that "concentrat[es] the shock wave in an area, effectively turning the case around the device into a small fragmentation grenade."

Doing so will reduce the capacity of the battery by about 10% or less, which is within the normal variations we see in batteries. If you're worried about getting caught by someone who's measuring battery capacity, you can add an extra explosive sheet to the battery's interior, increasing the thickness of a 10-sheet battery by 10%, which is within the tolerance for normal swelling.

Once the explosive is laminated inside its (carefully cleaned) aluminum pouch, there's no way to detect the chemical signature of the PETN. The pouch seals that all in. The PETN and other components of the battery are too similar to one another to be detected with X-ray fluorescence, and the multi-layer construction of a battery also foils attempts to peer inside it with Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy.

According to bunnie, there are no ways to detect a battery bomb through visual inspection, surface analysis or X-rays. You can't spot it by measuring capacity or impedance with electromechanical impedance spectroscopy. You could spot it with a high-end CT scan – a half-million dollar machine that takes about 30 minutes for each scan. You might be able to spot it with ultrasound.

Lithium batteries have "protection circuit modules" – a small circuit board with a chip that helps with the orderly functioning of the battery. To use one of these to detonate a PETN-equipped battery, you'd only have to make a small, board-level rewiring, which could deliver a charge via a "third wire" – the NTC temperature sensor that's standard in batteries.

Bunnie gets into a lot more detail in his post. It's frankly terrifying, because it's hard to read this without concluding that, indeed, any battery in any gadget could actually be a powerful, undetectable bomb. What's more, supply chain security sucks and bunnie runs down several ways you could get these batteries into your target's gadget. These range from the nefarious to the brute simple: "buy a bunch of items from Amazon, swap out the batteries, restore the packaging and seals, and return the goods to the warehouse."

Bunnie's point is that, having shown the world that battery bombs are possible, the Israelis have opened the hellmouth. They were the first ones to do this, but they won't be the last. We need to figure out something before "the front line of every conflict [is brought] into your pocket, purse or home."

All of that is scary af, sure, but note what hasn't happened in the wake of an extremely successful, nearly impossible to defeat explosives attack that used small electronics of the same genus as the pocket rectangles virtually every air traveler boards a plane with. We've had no new security protocols instituted since September 17, likely because no one can think of anything that would work.

Now, in the heady days when the security theater was selling out every performance and we were all standing in two-hour lines to take our shoes off, none of this would have mattered. The TSA's motto of "when in trouble, or in doubt, run in circles, scream and shout" would have come to the fore. We'd be forced to insert our phones into some grifter's nonfunctional billion-dollar PETN dowsing-box, or TSA agents would be ordering us to turn on our phones and successfully play eleven rounds of Snake, or we'd be forced to lick our phones to prove that they weren't covered in poison.

But today, we're keeping calm and carrying on. The fact that something awful exists is, well, awful, but if we don't know what to do about it, there's no sense in just doing something, irrespective of whether that will help. We could order everyone to leave their phones at home when they fly, but then no one would fly anymore, and obviously, no one seriously thinks "no price is too high" for safety. Some prices are just too high.

I started thinking about all this last week, when I was in New Delhi to give a keynote for the annual meeting of the International Cooperative Alliance, which was jointly held with the UN as the inauguration of the UN International Year of Coops, with an address from UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres:

https://2025.coop/

When I arrived in New Delhi, my hosts were somewhat flustered because Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had just announced that he would give the opening keynote, which meant a lot of rescheduling and shuffling – but also a lot of security. I was told that the only things I could bring to the conference center the next day were my badge, my passport and my hotel room key. I couldn't bring a laptop, a phone or a spare battery. I couldn't even bring a pen ("they're worried about stabbings").

Modi – a lavishly corrupt authoritarian genocidier – has a lot of reasons to worry about his security. He has actual enemies who sometimes blow stuff up, and if one of them took him out, he wouldn't be the first Indian PM to die by assassination.

But the speakers and delegates gathered in the hotel lobby the next morning, we were told that we could bring phones, after all. Because of course we could. You can't fly people from all over the world to India and then ask them to forego the device they use as translator, map, note-taker, personal diary, and credit card. Some prices are just too high.

They took a lot of security measures. Everyone went through a metal detector, naturally. Then, we were sealed in the plenary room for more than an hour while the building was sealed off. Armed men were stationed all around the room, and the balcony outside the room was ringed with snipers:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/54165263130/

We were prohibited from leaving our seats from the time Modi entered the room until he left it again, despite the fact that the PM was never more than a few steps from the single most terrifying bodyguard I'd ever seen:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/54164805776/

And yet: the fact that we were less than two months out from an extremely successful, highly public demonstration of the weaponization of small batteries in personal electronics did not mean that we all had to leave our phones at the hotel.

After that, I'm tempted to think that, just possibly, security theater's curtain has rung down and its long SRO run has come to an end. It's a small bright spot in a dark time, but I'll take it.

[chemblrish]

Chemistry video recs!!

Okay so here's a new ~project~ of mine (we'll see how long I can stick to it whoops): every once in a while I want to make a compilation of cool chemistry videos. I also want to keep it strictly chemistry-related (as much as that's possible... and I don't promise to be totally objective lol*). I watch a lot of science videos in general, but the way I see it, chemistry just doesn't get enough hype. Physics and biology can fend for themselves, they're very popular. Chemistry is notoriously underappreciated and overlooked, and it makes me sad.

So! Here are some great chemistry videos I've watched recently.

Under 15 minutes:

How does evaporation REALLY work?

Making Singlet Oxygen

Technetium chemistry - synthesis of Lanthanide Pertechnetates - nuclear chemistry

Making table salt using sodium metal and chlorine gas

Making Chloroform

White Phosphorus - Explosions&Fire

Making fuming nitric acid

The End of Haber Bosch

NCl3: a terrifying yellow abomination

Making Prussian Blue

The experiment that revealed the atomic world: Brownian Motion

Chirality is Just Turtles All the Way Down

Over 15 minutes:

Chemist Breaks Down 22 Chemistry Scenes From Movies & TV

Hydrogen Peroxide: going all the way

Does cyanide actually smell like almonds?

Cosmic Chemistry with Kate the Chemist & Neil deGrasse Tyson

The Hidden Chemistry of Everything with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Kate the Chemist

How DO Molecules Store Energy?

applied quantum mechanics

A Chemist Explains the ENTIRE History of Atomic Theory (in 48 Minutes)

*for example, I consider some of thermodynamics to be chemistry-related, as well as some aspects of quantum mechanics. When I say I don't promise to objective, I mean I'll make rather liberal decisions on the intersection of sciences. And you can't stop me.

[whirligig-girl]

2379 March 19th

The air had a distinct chill to it by now, and Guz looked all around her as the sky took on an almost silvery cast. Gaps in the trees at the edge of the clearing acted as pinhole cameras, producing hundreds of little bright crescents onto the ground and onto the shuttlepod.

"I told you we'd be in the path of totality," Marta said, nudging Guz on the arm and pointing up at the sky. She tapped a button on her clear glass visor, and it suddenly became reflective and metallic. "Look at that. Any minute now." The Sun was now just a slim crescent, the Moon covering nearly all of it.

“Augh…” Guz said, rubbing her arms, “sorry I questioned your navigation skills.”

“Good,” Marta said.

"We have precisely three minutes and twelve seconds, by my count," Dyani said.

Guz had her telescope, a 5" catadioptric astrograph, set up on an equatorial mount, with a tunable Herschellian Wedge serving as a solar filter and heat rejection system. She was used to handholding her telescope, but with only three minutes of totality, she didn't want to take any chances. The holographic eyepiece she'd been using had dutifully captured full spectrum imagery of Sol and before the partial eclipse began she had tuned through the different visible wavelengths in the passthrough lens, allowing her, Marta, and Dyani to see prominences and filaments in Sol’s chromosphere, as well as detailed sunspots in its photosphere. Marta, having evolved around this especially hot star, could even make out the magnetically active plages in the deep-violet Calcium-K line, but Guz's eye lenses had a slight green-yellow tint which blocked far-violet, and Dyani's Vulcan eyes could barely even see blue--though she reported detail in the deep-red Hydrogen-Alpha view which astounded Marta and Guz. No matter--once the eclipse was over Guz would be able to process all of the spectral bands and find more appropriate wavelengths to display them in.

Guz was anxious, and she paced back and forth, shaking her wrists. They made an almost cartoonish literal slapping and sticking sound and she went, which was nice, because it was both tactile and auditory. She went back to the telescope, but she tripped on the tripod.

Guz emitted a gargling warbling sound which Marta was pretty sure was a mellanoid curse word, and she scrambled to fix the telescope’s alignment.

“AUGH!” she said “I messed up the polar alignment! It won’t track now…”

Marta stood up from her chair, and grabbed her canes. She walked up to Guz and put an arm on her shoulder. “Hey, Eaurp, don’t worry. The important thing isn’t the holos.”

“Actually the holos are incredibly important! I know you and Dyani are just here for fun, but I’m doing this for my Astro-251 class. I have to get these images!”

“Eaurp,” Dyani said. “It is unnecessary to fret. Professor Frederick made it clear that terrans have a long history of ‘eclipse madness’--”

“But I’m not a terran!”

“It is not a matter of the species, so much as the circumstance. As you are always so quick to remind us, Earth is the only known inhabited planet with a natural satellite that appears the same size as its parent star. The eclipses are rare and last only minutes,” Dyani said.

“Yeah girlie, you got the eclipse madness,” Marta said, “Just calm down for a minute. You’ll find a way to make up your project.”

Guz put her face in her hands, then looked up and began fiddling with her PADD to try and fix the alignment.

Guz tapped her combadge. "Cadet Guz's log, stardate 56212, continued. Terrans call it March 19th 2379. Local time is… 12:32. We are here in the Italian countryside, a minute away from totality, and I just bumped my telescope off of Sol. I have missed all three total eclipses that have occurred on Earth during my time here. This is my last year, and so my last shot. Everything has to go just right.”

“Forty seven seconds,” Dyani reported. Guz checked her chronometer. Dyani’s mental timing was ‘only’ two seconds off.

“Stop fiddling with that thing and just relax!” Marta said.

“NO! I HAVE TO SEE THE CORONA UP CLOSE!” Guz shouted, and she buried her eye into the holograph’s pass-through. “Ok! I see Sol and Luna!” Guz said. “This alignment will have to do…”

Guz watched as the last slivers of white sunlight disappeared. She looked up, and during that last moment, the entire world changed around her. She was standing in twilight, but with the sky orange all around her. She looked around. The animals were reacting wildly, with twitters and chirps and ribbiting from the local fauna, likely confused as to why the Sun went out in the middle of the day.

When Guz had first set foot on Earth, it was very literally an alien planet. But it still had blue skies, white clouds, deep blue seas, and green foliage (albeit much dryer and less sticky than she had been accustomed to).

The planet Guz was standing on right now was not Mellanus, not Italian Earth, and certainly not Luna--it was an entirely unique world, one which only existed for minutes at a time. Guz was standing on Planet Eclipse.

Guz looked up and shouted. “Hah! LOOK! LOOK AT THAT! THE CORONA!” 

Nothing could have prepared her for it. The corona was a silvery halo that extended from the apparent black hole in the sky in all directions, with concentrated hairlike filaments stringing out from reddish pink spots on the black circle’s limb. 

Before the eclipse, Sol had been white with a few dark specks and surrounded by darkness, but this thing was nearly its inverse: black, with a few tiny starlike dots inside of it, surrounded by a pale ghostly light. The Sun had disappeared, and something completely alien took its place. Intellectually, Guz knew that all stars--even Zwo-nmu--had coronae, but this was the first time she’d seen the corona with her own two eyes. She supposed it wouldn’t have to be the last--maybe next time she was in space she’d try to blot out the sun with her finger.

Guz could make out four starlike points, one to the left of the Sun, and three to the right. “Look! Look! There’s the other planets! The bright ones are Jupiter and Venus!”

She looked down and around again to see Marta sitting in the grass just staring up at the thing, her visor completely transparent. Dyani had taken her visor off entirely and stared, silently.

“WAIT! NO! The uh! The filter!” Guz said. She hadn’t remembered to remove the filter from her telescope. She scrambled back to the telescope, and twisted a dial on the Herschellian Wedge. The view through the passthrough eyepiece brightened up by 100,000 times and Guz actually saw the corona, magnified 50 times, in unfiltered, uncompressed detail. The detail was so delicate and intricate. Guz could now see the row of cilia-like prominences to the left, which Dyani had seen so easily before but which she and Marta had been unable to detect. In true color, Sol’s chromosphere was magenta, not the spectral red she had seen before in the H-alpha. As Guz’s eyes adjusted, she could even make out Luna’s city lights. She recognized Tycho City, and New Berlin immediately.

“Dyani, how much time do we have left?” Guz said.

After a moment, Dyani replied. “We should have another two minutes of totality left.”

Guz looked away from the eyepiece to get another look at the gaping hole in the sky where the Sun should be.

And then, in an instant, the corona disappeared entirely. A bead of intense white light bore into Guz’s retina, and she immediately flipped her visor down.

Guz’s hands shook. Then she slowly began to smile. “THAT WAS THE COOLEST THING I HAVE SEEN IN MY LIFE!” she shouted, and she began to jump up and down. Her hair went jiggly. Dyani looked at her with a blank stare, and Guz felt a little shy and stopped her celebrations. “I just can’t believe Mellanoids were robbed of this.”

“It is a remarkable celestial coincidence. The diurnal stellar eclipses visible on the T’khut-facing hemisphere of Vulcan do not capture the character of 40 Eridani A’s corona so completely, nor do they produce an atmosphere of such… eerie character.”

“Marta! Marta! Was it different to a Solar Eclipse on Luna?” Guz said, turning around.

Marta was still on the floor, rubbing her eyes, sobbing quietly to herself.

“Marta?” Guz said.

Marta reached out for a hand. Guz gave her a hand and pulled her up. Marta sniffled.

“Are you okay?” Guz said.

Marta just nodded. She didn’t look ok. Guz looked at Dyani, who just shrugged. Marta wiped her eyes again. Guz picked up Marta’s canes, and she walked back to her chair to take a seat.

Guz returned to her telescope. The herschel wedge had not been re-enabled. The holographic eyepiece was fried.

Guz stuttered a little. “Oh. Uh. Dyani. Um. There weren’t two minutes left.”

“What.”

“It was probably more like. Um. Two seconds. So the uh. The holograph is ruined.”

“Damn,” Dyani said.

“Haha. Yeah. Um. That coulda been my eye, haha…”

“Then it is fortunate you were not looking through the eyepiece at the end of totality.”

Guz checked her PADD to make sure the data was streamed properly to her recorder. When she was convinced that it was, she turned off the telescope and began packing it back up into the Class 2 Shuttlepod. By the time she finished, the sky had grown brighter; the air warmer. 

When she was done, she sat down on the grass next to Marta’s chair, and put her visor back on. Luna no longer covered so much of Sol.

“It was… I don’t even know how to describe it…” Marta said. “I mean I’ve… I’ve seen solar eclipses before. And they’re beautiful from Luna, don’t get me wrong. But it’s all so different when you’re on Earth.”

“It’s a shame I won’t ever have the chance to see a solar eclipse on the Moon,” Guz said. “Well, I mean, I have seen one, it’s just, when you’re on Earth, we call it a Lunar Eclipse.”

“I’ve even seen terran eclipses before,” Marta said. “They don’t look like anything special from all the way up there. Just a little dark spot going across Earth. When I was younger, I wondered what terrans were so hyped up about, you know? But I get it.”

“And! And!” Guz said. “IT’S SO COOL! THAT YOU GET TO SEE ECLIPSES HAPPEN AT ALL ON LUNA AND VULCAN!”

“Indeed,” Dyani said, “the air temperature does drop noticeably during stellar eclipses due to the reduction in insolation. It is cool shit.”

“Omen doesn’t do that! When Omen got close to Mellanus, it was a lot like Luna--but a lot brighter. But it never goes in front of Zwo-nmu!”

“Why?” Marta said.

“It is a simple consequence of Mellanus’ coorbital trajectory,” Dyani said.

“Closest thing we get to eclipses is when Cold Ember transits Zwo-nmu and if you have really good vision you can see it with just a dark visor as a little dot.”

“I remember going out in my EV suit after finishing an early morning delivery in Oceanus Procellarum one time when I was 13,” Marta said. “The Sun hadn’t risen, but off to the east I could see this faint gray glow. I turned off my suit lights and just stared at the glow, with everything else almost black, just lit a little by the crescent Earth. The milky way was out, but this gray glow was even brighter than it. I kept watching it, even as my suit began to get freezing cold, I sat down on a little boulder a few meters from my shuttle. As I waited; it must have been almost an hour, I saw just about a quarter of a silvery circular halo. I saw a tiny hint of magenta come over the mountain in the distance, and before I knew it, the world exploded into light as the Sun came up. I had the ghost image in my eye for an hour after that. Made getting home a little harder.”

“Wow,” Guz said.

“In principle, what we have just witnessed was a sunset and a sunrise on Luna, just much farther away,” Dyani said.

“A couple years later I saw my first solar eclipse--what Terrans call a Lunar eclipse--and I realized what that ghostly glow was. But even then, I couldn’t see the corona all at once. Earth blocked half of it at a time,” Marta said. “But still I figured that the whole landscape around you turning orange-red from all of Earth’s sunrises and sunsets shining on the Moon more than made up for seeing the corona all at once.”

“Does it?” Dyani asked.

“It’s different when you’re standing out in the open without a space suit. You’re not in this temperature-controlled little box. It all feels… so much more real. The Sun shining right on my face, the air gets real chilly…”

“Is that why you were having an emotional reaction?” Dyani said.

“What? No. Not quite,” Marta said. “I dunno. Maybe. But I just realized, during totality, that that wasn’t just a big bite taken out of the Sun. That’s my home up there. I’ve seen it from space hundreds of times. But never like that.”

“Yeah…” Guz said.

“The Nevasan eclipses visible on Vulcan are similar to a Solar eclipse as viewed from Luna,” Dyani said. “Except the partial phase lasts minutes and the total phase lasts over an hour. It is essentially a brief second night time. 40 Eridani A’s corona is not visible for much of the eclipse.”

“My only other chance to see any eclipses was when I was doing survival training on Andoria, but they had us on Andoria’s far side and the one solar eclipse we would have seen due to an occultation by an outer moon, we were stuck inside the ice caves. Apparently Andorians don’t consider solar eclipses worth interrupting work for. Plus, 40 Eridani B is a white dwarf, so it’s not like its corona is actually visible. Also--you know how our shadows got weirdly sharp in the last minutes before totality? It’s like that all the time on Andoria. So at least there’s that.”

Guz looked down at the ground, then back up at the slowly brightening crescent Sun, and then at the dirt below her feet. The leaves of the trees still projected crescent-shaped images on the ground. Guz held her hair out, and bubbled it up, wondering if the green-tinted caustics cast on the ground would behave similarly.

“It was certainly one hell of an expedition to close out our senior years,” Dyani said.

“There she goes with the colorful language again,” Marta muttered.

“Perhaps you should speak up so Eaurp can hear you,” Dyani said.

They were arguing again. Guz didn’t think Dyani liked her very much, but she definitely didn’t seem to get along with Marta. “Thanks for coming out to Italy with me for this,” Guz said.

“Yeah,” Marta said. “It was… an adventure.”

“The Italian peninsula is home to many interesting historical sites. Perhaps we should visit some of them,” Dyani said. “For example, the fallen tower of Pisa.”

“Touristy nonsense, it’s just a field full of a bunch of people pretending to try to lift it back upright,” Marta said.

“I wanted to see it. Anyway we should probably start with finding any town, since our shuttlepod isn’t flying any time soon,” Guz said.

Marta gave Dyani some side-eye.

“That was not my fault,” Dyani said.

--------------

And yes, there really will be a total solar eclipse visible in Afroeurasia on March 19th, 2379 (at about 12:30 in Italy.)

Marta Martinez and Dyani were two of Guz's classmates at Starfleet Academy. In fact, Dyani was Guz's roommate. Dyani is @raydrawsdaly's OC. Marta and Guz are my OCs.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Researchers seek to make energy and carbon storage feasible on a large scale in Brazil

The GeoStorage Project includes the development of solutions such as a hydrogen super battery, energy storage with compressed air, and blue hydrogen in the pre-salt layer.

USP’s Research Center for Greenhouse Gas Innovation (RCGI) has just announced the creation of GeoStorage, a hub(integrated research unit) composed by a series of projects aimed at positioning Brazil as a global leader in large-scale energy and carbon storage systems. The studies are aimed at improving the use and development of new energy sources in the Country, as well as reducing emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO₂). This new initiative expands RCGI’s portfolio, which is dedicated to developing crucial technologies for the energy transition, further strengthening the center’s role in energy innovation and sustainability.

“Brazil has extraordinary potential to stand out in this sector, aligning itself with the main international initiatives. GeoStorage’s technologies are essential to the energy transition, and the growing interest of global companies in applying them reinforces the hub’s relevance in the energy scenario,” says RCGI’s CEO and scientific director, Julio Meneghini. “With the demand for clean hydrogen projected for 2050 and carbon capture estimated to reach 115 gigatons by 2060, the impact of these technologies is clear and transformative for the future of sustainable energy,” adds Pedro Vassalo Maia da Costa, director of thehub and researcher at USP’s School of Engineering (Poli).

GeoStorage was officially launched during the International Conference on Energy Transition (ETRI 2024), held by the RCGI in São Paulo from November 5 to 7. The new research hub consolidates RCGI’s knowledge and experience in developing innovative technologies for the geological storage of carbon and hydrogen in Brazil, standing out with the patent for the technology of gravitational separation of methane and CO₂ in salt caverns, winner of the ANP Technological Innovation Award in 2019.

The initiative also includes renowned experts, such as Professor Colombo Tassinari, from USP’s Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE), who received the ANP Award for Scientific Personality in 2023, presented by the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), and Nathália Weber, a non-profit organization that supports the development of carbon capture and storage projects in Brazil. In addition, GeoStorage is anchored in a robust base of scientific studies validated by publications and presentations at international conferences.

Continue reading.

[thatdykepunkslut]

Saw that post about the WOW! signal going around and how it "proves" aliens exist.

Well... no it doesn't, because there's a cosmological explanation now.

TL:DR, new research says the WOW! signal may have been a neutron star flare-up that lit up a cloud of hydrogen gas, creating the right frequency band with the right intensity for the right length of time. Every notable aspect of the signal is explained by this theory, intensity, frequency band, timing, location, blue shift, lack of repetition, lack of AM data.

I do not doubt that there is life out there in the universe, potentially even sapient life comparable to our own! However, I think it's extremely unlikely that any has existed long enough or close enough for their signals to have reached us yet; assuming they are even broadcasting powerfully enough in the first place (or at all).

[mckiwi]

Abraham’s Side

The time came when the beggar died, and the angels carried him to Abraham’s side. (Luke 16:22)

Angels are said to guide humans to their deaths, but what about other angels? Or rather, fallen angels?

Rating: General Audiences

Warnings: None

Category: M/M

Fandoms: Good Omens

Relationships: Aziraphale/Crowley

Characters: Aziraphale, Crowley, Metatron

Tags: BAMF Aziraphale, Hurt Aziraphale, Hurt Crowley, Metatron Being an Asshole, Biblical Scripture References, Holy Water, Suicidal Thoughts, Aziraphale’s Flaming Sword, Supreme Archangel Aziraphale, Post Season 2, Hurt/Comfort

Words: 1,143

“One of your duties as the Supreme Archangel is to, uh… assist the other archangels when their time should come to a close.” The Metatron explained as he and Aziraphale walked along the cliff’s edge. Soft waves crashed against the rocks below and the air smelled faintly of sea salt. It was a funny thing; being on Earth as long as Aziraphale had. He didn’t need to breathe, for example, but oh, did he want to. He could name every element, name every molecule and atom, yet he found he rather liked combining these things together. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium, and Chloride on their own were wonderful, indeed, but mix them together and it was heaven. Or rather, it was Earth . He didn’t quite remember when he’d started to prefer the soil beneath his feet over the blue and clear sky above, yet here he was, gazing out at the distant mountains shimmering in the ripples.

Aziraphale’s eyes were locked onto the mountains as he spoke, “Does it happen often? Archangels dying?”

The Metatron hummed thoughtfully, “Not really, no. Every few millennia or so, at most, hence why it is your honor to help them with the transition process. Not much can take down a mighty archangel.”

“What about me? When I die?” Aziraphale asked, still watching the sunlight glitter over the water.

“What makes you think you’re allowed to die?” The Metatron scoffed. Aziraphale chuckled slightly at that, and turned to the other angel at his side, expecting to find some sense of humor in those eyes. He found none. Face falling, he looked down at his off-white boots. He terribly missed his old shoes. He missed his coat, too, if he were being honest with himself. As well as his tie, and his books, and his bookshop, and his desk, and his humans, and his friend !”

What did it matter now, anyway? He’d already given up all of those things.

The Metatron raised a hand and the two stopped walking, “Well then, Aziraphale, there he is. Though, now that I think of it, I do believe I might have chosen the wrong angel for the job.”

Aziraphale shuffled and shook his head quickly, “Oh, no, no, no. I am perfectly qualified, I assure you.”

“We’ll see. Go now, he’s been waiting a long time for you.” The Metatron nodded towards a black-clad figure about a stone’s throw from where the two stood.

Aziraphale raised a shaky hand to his lips and took one, two, three tentative steps over toward the demon. The demon in question had his head hung low and his face just out of view. His red hair had grown longer and was less put together than the last time Aziraphale had seen it. There was a pair of sunglasses to the side of the demon, alongside a golden ring Aziraphale had grown fond of wearing. In the demon’s grasp, much to the angel’s dismay, was a tartan bottle.

Aziraphale choked, “Crowley?”

“He can’t hear you, not quite yet, anyway.” The Metatron explained.

Aziraphale whipped around to face the Metatron, breath staggered, “I thought you said I would be helping archangels! Angels! Not demons!”

A shrug, “Perhaps the files need to be updated. He used to be an archangel, after all. And besides, I would think you would hardly mind confronting a demon, considering you’ve been doing it all this time without much issue.”

“But, but he can’t die! I don’t want him to die!” Aziraphale practically pleaded.

“You can’t change it. It’s written in the Laws of Nature.” The Metatron stated. “Angels guide the humans. Archangels guide the angels. And you guide the archangels.”

Aziraphale looked between the two beings frantically, “but it’s him ! He can’t-”

“To the World,” Crowley said with a wobbly smile. He brought the bottle to his lips.

“No ,” Aziraphale exclaimed and rushed to Crowley’s side.

He was too late. Always too late . Crowley swallowed and his hand all but immediately reached up to claw at his own throat. A scream on his tongue. Gold-tinted blood behind his teeth. Pain, fear, and desperation in his blown, yellow eyes. Slitted pupils focused on Aziraphale. “��zira…”

Aziraphale dropped down to his knees, hands flitting about as his heartbeat roared in his ears. “Crowley! I’m here, I’m here. I’m so sorry! I- I don’t- I can’t-” For the first time in Aziraphale’s very long existence, he didn’t know what to do. He turned to the Metatron, “ Help him !”

The Metatron remained unphased. “I might have forgotten to mention, you’re not just guiding him to Death. You’re allowing it. Giving him access to it.”

“No , I can’t allow him to die! I can’t!” Aziraphale looked at Crowley, who was writhing in pain, awaiting the inevitable, wondering what he could have possibly done to prolong this agony. It was simple, in the big scope of things. He chose to love.

And in return, was loved.

The Metatron sighed, “It’s the Laws of Nature. You have to let him go.”

“No,” Aziraphale stated.

“I beg your pardon?” The Metatron exclaimed.

“I said, no .”

“They’re the Laws of Nature, they can’t be-”

“I am Aziraphale. Former Guardian of the Eastern Gate, Principality of Earth, and Supreme Archangel over the Hosts of Heaven. The Laws of Nature are mine to command, and they will obey me .”

Hellfire danced around the sword in Aziraphale’s hand. The angel laid a hand on his demon. “Sleep ,” he commanded. The demon slept.

The Metatron was staring, absolutely disbelieving of what he was seeing, “How dare you thw-”

“Begone ,” Aziraphale commanded. The Metatron was no more.

He drew hellfire from the blade and cauterized the wounds. Any traces of holy water evaporated completely from Crowley’s body. Any harm done to his true form was healed. Neither of them needed to breathe, but they wanted to. And Aziraphale breathed all of that want into Crowley.

Crowley woke slowly at first, breathing in the scent of fresh soil and seawater. Slitted pupils eventually focused on Aziraphale’s figure leaning over him. The angel could see his own reflection in the demon’s eyes. Crowley reached a hand out to Aziraphale’s face and wiped away a stray tear. He opened his mouth to speak, but nothing came. Aziraphale nodded encouragingly, “Yes, what is it dear?”

A tear rolled out of the corner of Crowley’s eye, “You’re as gorgeous as the day I lost you.”

Aziraphale pulled Crowley into a hug, arms wrapping around the demon so tightly one would think he was afraid the very wind might take him away from his grasp. His lips found the side of Crowley’s face, leaving tiny freckles in their wake. “I’m here. You didn’t lose me. I’m here.”

Aziraphale loved many scents on Earth. Seawater and fresh soil, for example. But his favorite scent, by far, was the scent of his nose buried in red hair.

[thecruxarm-personal-blog]

Introducing: the Grape Fungus!!!! :D

(Creative name, I know

The Grape Fungus, which I have informally named after all the purple "sacs" that it grows, is a species which holds a deeply symbiotic relationship with the Dome Trees, which I posted about earlier today :]

Regarding this symbiotic relationship between the Grape Fungus and the Dome Tree, the Dome Tree provides shelter and an overabundance of nutrients for the comparatively much smaller Grape Fungus, who in turn offer carbon for the tree to absorb; with carbon being an especially valued resource by all plants on this planet during this time period, due to the very low CO2 levels.

More onto the physical biology of these fellas, the Grape Fungus are composed mainly of mycellium, which of course anchors it to the ground and allows for the fungus to absorb nutrients from the Dome Tree, and of these purple sacks which contain and process the various nutrients present innthe Dome Tree's xylem and phloem in order to grow its own body. The membranes of these sacks are externally composed of carbon (though the interior of the sac membrane is formed out of other elements which do not react with any of the tree's biochemicals).

It should also be noted that lots of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are inside the xylem and phloem of the Dome Tree, as having elements which bond with carbon so easily is very benefitial due to the tree's heavy reliance on the element. The high presence of these three elements is also what gives the sacs of the Grape Fungus its purple colour (with hydrogen being white, oxygen being red and nitrogen being blue).

The Grape Fungus also reproduce via their sacks "exploding" - when this happens, their spores are dispersed nearby, although the Grape Fungus does not grow outside the safety of the shade provided by the Dome Tree. When the sacs explode, the leftover nutrients not used up by the fungus and the carbon in the membranes of the sacs are absorbed by the Dome Tree. Since the carbon in the sacs membranes of the Grape Fungus is not recycled biomass from the Dome Tree, this means the tree actually gains more carbon compared to the amount of nutrients absorbed by the fungus. The Dome Tree is also too large for the fungus to actually weaken it to any substantial extent by leeching off of its nutrients.

----------------------------

That's another species out of the way :D

I'm not super experienced yet in designing alien organisms and all of that business, so theres probably at least a few mistakes or holes in my logic regarding the Grape Fungus and Dome Tree regarding their biology or the way their symbiosis works, but if i do ever or already have gotten anything wrong, by all means feel free to point it out to me :D im very willing to rework any stuff i do for this project if its not super realistic

[exit-babylon]

(American) War Department

CIA’s Directorate for Science and Technology Which gathers information with promise for scientific and technological developments which present a superiority advantage for, or a threat against, the National Security, [also contains the “Weird Desk”, which centrally processes intelligence about UFOs and ETs and their interaction with Earth], current Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Science and Technology is Ron Pandolfi.

Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) Ballistic Missile Defense Org. (BMDO)

Which coordinates research, development and deployment of Star Wars electromagnetic pulse, killer laser, particle beam, plasmoid, and other advanced technology aerospace weapons.

Department of Energy (DOE) which, besides its cover story of researching cleaner-burning coal and gasoline and more solar power, is principally involved in research and development of: more specialized nuclear weapons; compact, self-sustaining, fusion powered, particle and wave weapons, including electromagnetic pulse, gravitational/anti-gravitational, laser, particle beam and plasmoid applied weapons research; high energy invisibility “cloaking” technology, etc.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories Sandia National Laboratories-West (SNL-W)

Which are involved in nuclear warhead “refinements”, development of new transuranic elements for weapons and energy applications, development of anti-matter weapons (the Teller Bomb: 10,000 times the force of a hydrogen bomb), laser/maser technology applications, and, reportedly, successful teleportation experiments, among other projects, at this Russian nicknamed “City of Death”), Livermore, CA.

Idaho National Engineering Laboratories (INEL), which houses numerous underground facilities in an immense desert installations complex larger than Rhode Island, has security provided by its own secret Navy Base, is involved in nuclear, high energy electromagnetic, and other research, and includes Argonne National Laboratory, West), Arco, ID

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Phillips Air Force Laboratory Which are sequestered on Kirtland Air Force Base/Sandia Military Reservation, and conduct the translation of theoretical and experimental nuclear and Star Wars weapons research done at Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories into practical, working weapons), Albuquerque, NM.

Tonopah Test Range SNL’s DOE weapons testing facility for operationally testing Star Wars weapons in realistic target situations, and is adjacent to classified stealth and cloaked aerospace craft and United States-UFO bases at the Groom Lake [USAF/DOE/CIA] Base [Area 51] and Papoose Lake Base [S-4]), Nevada Test Site/Nellis AFB Range, Tonopah, NV.

Haystack (Buttes) USAF Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA A 30 levels deep, extreme security facility reportedly engaged in alien technology retro-engineering.

Los Alamos National Laboratories The premiere research lab for nuclear, subatomic particle, high magnetic field, exometallurgical, exobiological and other exotic technologies research, Los Alamos County, NM.

Area 51/Groom Lake (USAF/DOE/CIA) Base) and S-4 (Papoose Lake Base) Ultra-secure “non-existent” deployment bases where extremely classified aerospace vehicles are tested and operationally flown, including the Aurora hypersonic spyplane, the Black Manta [TR-3A] stealth fighter follow-on to the F-117A, the Pumpkinseed hyper-speed unmanned aerospace reconnaissance vehicle, and several variants of anti-gravitational craft (U.S.-UFOs).

U.S. Special Forces Command Hurlburt Field, Mary Esther, Fl, along with its Western U.S. Headquarters, Special Forces Command, Beale AFB, Marysville, CA, coordinating:

U.S. Army ‘Delta’ Forces (Green Berets) U.S. Navy SEALs (Black Berets), Coronado, CA. USAF Blue Light (Red Berets) Strike Force

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which coordinates the application of latest scientific findings to the development of new generations of weapons.

The Jason Group Elite weapons application scientists, developing cutting-edge science weapons for DARPA, and operating under the cover of the Mitre Corporation.

Aquarius Group UFO technology application scientists, reportedly working under the guidance of the Dolphin Society, an elite group of scientists privy to extremely classified science and technology findings.

Defense Science Board Which serves as the Defense Department’s intermediary between weapons needs and the physical sciences.

Defense Nuclear Agency Currently concentrating on fusion powered, high energy particle beam, X-ray laser, and EM forcefield weapons development and deployment.

U.S. Space Command Space War Headquarters for operating “the next war, which will be fought and won in space”, Falcon AFB, CO.

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), operating the nuclear survivable space surveillance and war command center deep inside Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado Springs, CO.

Air Force Office of Space Systems Which coordinates the development of future technology for operating and fighting in space.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which operates covert space defense, ET research, and space weapons compartments, in addition to manned Shuttle and unmanned scientific satellite launches.

NASA’s Ames Research Center Which conducts the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Project, Exobiology (alien life forms) Division, and “Human Factors” (PSY-Warfare) Division), Sunnyvale, CA.

Project Cold Empire SDI weapons research – Classified

Project Snowbird Pseudo-UFO’s used as misinformation.

Project Aquarius UFO research – Classified

Project MILSTAR Development and deployment of WW III [space war] command, control, communication and intelligence satellites.

Project Tacit Rainbow Stealth drones/pseudo-UFO’s.

Project Timberwind Nuclear powered space vehicles.

Project Code EVA Space walk based technology.

Project Cobra Mist SDI energy -beam (plasmoid?) weapon research.

Project Cold Witness SDI weapons – Classified

Copyright © 2023 Gang Stalking, Mind Control, and Cults All Rights Reserved.

[tumbleringismycopingmechanism]

At the risk of sounding like an insufferable know-it-all (and just in case you don't wanna go through the entire article):

Chewing gum is mostly indigestable and passes through the body at the same rate as any other matter

Veins appear blue due to a combination of subsurface scattering of light through the skin and the human colour perception. Blood is always red, however medical diagramms usually use blue to differenciate veins (which lead towards the heart) from arteries (which lead away from the heart and are coloured red)

Fossil fuels are mostly formed from leftover algae and plants that were burried under certain conditions

Rice, yeast and Alka-Seltzer are rarely fatal to birds, however they do receive very little nutrition from it, so a diet high on bread will cause malnutrition. Also, if the bread is stale they might get a lung disease from it. So better feed them something else

Mice prefer sweet food like fruits over cheese

Carrots only help with your vision if you have a vitamin A deficiency (and even then just bring you back to a more normal level)

Cleopatra has an impressively long Wikipedia entry that I won't try to summarize (unfortunately the German version at least seems to include the idea of her as a seductress, so maybe you should also use other sources as well for this one)

Bulls are enraged by the perceived threat that is the bullfighter. They can't even see red

Corsets are more or less a predecessor to bras and when worn correctly shouldn't hurt the wearer

The wording of the OP for the glass thing was very confusing to me until I read the Wikipedia thing: yes, when melted glass is a slow-moving liquid. However at roomtemperature glass is solid and if windows are uneven then that's because the were not well-made, not because they slowly melt down like a bloody candle

Tomato juice only "works" against skunk smell for human noses because basically the nose is so overwhelmed at that point that it just gives up. For dogs it is recommended to use a mixture of dilute hydrogen peroxide (3%), baking soda and dishwashing liquid

As is probably no surprise, Einstein was great at Maths and Science

Studies only show a correlation between drinking alcohol and drowning, but not between eating and stomach cramps or eating and drowning

Cracking one's knuckles doesn't cause osteoarthritis

There's no evidence that Iron Maidens were even invented in the Middle Ages, let alone used for torture. They were probably pieced together in the 18th century as a spectacle for commercial exhibitions

The inner core of earth is solid metal, the outer core is liquid metal

I'm gonna be honest, as someone who's not from the US I have no idea about "the myth of thanksgiving" so I'll pass on that one

All bat species are capable of sight and some even have excellent night vision

Diamonds are formed much deeper underground than coal and mostly predate the plants coal is formed out of

Each part of the moon gets about the same amount of sunlight

The sun emits white light that earth's atmosphere breaks down, making the sun look yellow (or red-orange when near the horizon)

Lightning will often strike the same place multiple times, especially if said place is very prominent and/or highly conductive

Columbus reached various American islands and mainland South America, but never mainland North America

Medieval scholars did not believe the earth to be flat (I'd like to point out that that means specifically educated folks; I'm not sure the same could be said about the entire population seeing as many had only the most basic education necessary for their job)

Piranhas only attack humans when they feel threatened and even then stick to biting your hands or feet, not trying to eat you. In fact, they're not even carnivores but omnivores

Goldfish have a memory span of several months

Porcupines can detach their quills and will back into attackers to impale them, but the quills do not project

Since we're on tumblr I'll just say Spider George. (But fr: humans make noises while asleep which warns the spider to not get close, plus usually humans wake up when there's a spider on their face)

Wolves howl to communicate

Depending on who you ask, humans have up to 20 senses (though a lot of the ones listed to me just seem like a smaller part of touch)

Muscle soreness is thought to be due to microtrauma from unaccustumed or strenuous exercise

The bacterium that causes tetanus likes the same dirty environments that promote metal rusting. (So you probably still should be carefull around rusty metal)

I'm looking back at random things I was taught as a kid by various adults and media and. did nobody bother to factcheck anything? was that just not an option or

[markandsparksolutions]

The Green Hydrogen Market: A Sustainable Revolution in Clean Energy

Introduction

In the global race toward decarbonization, green hydrogen has emerged as a key player in the clean energy transition. With its potential to replace fossil fuels across various industries, the green hydrogen market is gaining momentum at an unprecedented rate. This blog delves into the current market trends, growth drivers, challenges, and future prospects of green hydrogen, providing valuable insights for investors, businesses, and policymakers.

Market Overview

The green hydrogen market is poised for exponential growth, driven by increasing investments in renewable energy, supportive government policies, and advancements in electrolysis technology. According to industry reports, the global green hydrogen market size was valued at USD 1.2 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 89 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of over 50% during the forecast period.

Key Market Drivers

Government Initiatives and Policies: Countries worldwide are implementing hydrogen strategies and policies to reduce carbon emissions. The European Union, the U.S., and China are investing heavily in green hydrogen projects.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in electrolyzers, such as solid oxide and PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) electrolyzers, are improving efficiency and reducing production costs.

Decarbonization Goals: Industries such as steel, transportation, and chemicals are adopting green hydrogen to meet sustainability targets and reduce their carbon footprint.

Energy Storage and Grid Stability: Green hydrogen serves as an excellent energy storage solution, addressing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like solar and wind.

Market Segmentation

By Technology:

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer

Alkaline Electrolyzer

Solid Oxide Electrolyzer

By Application:

Transportation (Fuel Cell Vehicles, Hydrogen-Powered Ships & Trains)

Industrial (Ammonia Production, Refining, Steel Manufacturing)

Power Generation (Grid Stabilization, Backup Power)

By Region:

North America (U.S., Canada)

Europe (Germany, France, U.K.)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India)

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

Challenges and Constraints

Despite its promising growth trajectory, the green hydrogen market faces certain challenges:

High Production Costs: Green hydrogen production via electrolysis remains expensive compared to grey and blue hydrogen.

Infrastructure Limitations: Lack of hydrogen storage and distribution networks hinders large-scale adoption.

Water Consumption Concerns: Electrolysis requires significant amounts of water, raising sustainability concerns in water-scarce regions.

Future Outlook

The future of the green hydrogen market looks bright, with continuous advancements in production technologies and increasing investments. Government incentives, along with declining costs of renewable energy, will make green hydrogen more competitive in the coming years.

Conclusion

Green hydrogen presents an unparalleled opportunity to drive the transition toward a carbon-neutral future. While challenges exist, the market is witnessing strong momentum, backed by policy support, technological breakthroughs, and growing demand across multiple industries. As the world moves towards cleaner energy alternatives, green hydrogen is set to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of sustainable energy.

For more insights on green hydrogen and other sustainable energy solutions, visit Mark Spark Solutions. Stay informed and join the clean energy revolution with Mark Spark Solutions.

[thewul]

VENOM wouldn't like that at all, and we have I think rounded up the technological solutions needed for it, so most of what left would be interior design

So it's a project, to design the interiors of the bigger monster, we also have to complete FTL, BCS is many things and I hope that as things spring up, sometimes in different directions with MS Epomeo taking place within H2 4WD, it's doing its share at keeping its followers interested

Lots of black and gray, dark blue shades, sleek interiors, additional UV dim lighting, floor heating/cooling those things are usually not visible, what if they could be a transparent web that glows under UV light, how cool is that

Differently than the format of 4WD, the corridor linking front and rear sections of 6WD provides a huge opportunity for locating a sizeable refrigerated condenser underneath it, which allows us to either split functions, ie circuits, or make them redundant

The thing with VENOM is that slackers end up suspended above an alligator's pond, there's also that we need to get back to it, in due time

you can tell there's been more development for the H2 version, maybe surely it is the translation from having an atomic batteries concept to designing an actual H2 fuel cell powered RV that no one will complain about that did it, that said flat nuclear batteries still make a lot of sense for a space exploration vehicle

Because you are exploring an exoplanet with no infrastructure to speak of, where actually the means to secure a liquid hydrogen supply should be amongst the first things that take place

H2O continues to be, will forever be, the holy grail of space exploration, that enables both liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, now they're fuels, they're the means to go elsewhere in space, they're many things, water is gold in space, nothing can take place without it, or it's tough stuff that has to do with space mining where supplies have to land regularly

The question of whether you start with the easy stuff, ie Earth like environments, or with the tough stuff is not a real question, the real question is what are you trying to achieve, BSF, Bombardier Space Federation is meant to spawn hundreds of thousands of galaxies in the future, where none of these things are neither tough nor easy, they're everyday business

Resource scarcity theory comes to an abrupt end when we look at the stars above and wonder what is there, resources are not scarce they are infinite, it is the means to get them that have, so far, been scarce and it is also one if the things BCS is about

Thank you for having followed, and for your continued interest in BCS

[reporttore]

UAE Power Market: A Comprehensive Overview

The UAE power market is a cornerstone of the nation’s economic and infrastructural development, driven by its rapidly growing population, industrial expansion, and increasing energy demand. As one of the most advanced energy markets in the Middle East, the UAE has made significant strides in diversifying its energy mix, prioritizing sustainability, and implementing innovative technologies.

Key Drivers of the UAE Power Market

Population Growth and Urbanization The UAE’s population growth and urbanization trends have fueled a significant rise in electricity consumption. With cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi experiencing rapid development, the demand for power has escalated, necessitating investments in new power generation and distribution infrastructure.

Industrial Expansion The UAE’s vision to diversify its economy has led to substantial growth in sectors such as manufacturing, construction, and logistics, which are energy-intensive. This industrial expansion is a major driver of electricity demand.

Government Initiatives and Policies The UAE government’s proactive energy strategies, such as the Energy Strategy 2050, aim to achieve a balanced energy mix by reducing reliance on natural gas and increasing renewable energy’s contribution to 50% of the energy mix by 2050. These initiatives have spurred investments in the power sector.

Renewable Energy in the UAE Power Market

The UAE has positioned itself as a regional leader in renewable energy adoption. With projects like the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park and the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant, the nation is actively reducing its carbon footprint.

Solar Power: The UAE benefits from abundant sunlight, making solar energy a natural choice for its renewable energy strategy. The Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park is among the largest solar projects globally, with a planned capacity of 5,000 MW by 2030.

Nuclear Energy: The Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant is the first nuclear power station in the Arab world, contributing significantly to the UAE’s clean energy goals.

Challenges in the UAE Power Market

High Energy Consumption: The UAE has one of the highest per capita energy consumption rates globally, which poses challenges for sustainable energy management.

Water-Energy Nexus: The high dependency on desalination for potable water links water production to energy consumption, intensifying the strain on power resources.

Integration of Renewable Energy: Balancing renewable energy with traditional power sources and ensuring grid stability remains a challenge.

Future Outlook for the UAE Power Market

The UAE power market is poised for significant transformation, guided by its commitment to sustainability and innovation. Key trends shaping the future include:

Digitalization and Smart Grids Investments in digital technologies, such as smart grids and IoT-enabled devices, are expected to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the power network.

Energy Storage Solutions To complement renewable energy generation, the UAE is exploring advanced energy storage solutions to ensure a consistent and reliable power supply.

Hydrogen Economy The UAE is making strides in developing a hydrogen economy, focusing on green and blue hydrogen to further diversify its energy portfolio.

Conclusion

The UAE power market is a dynamic and evolving sector, reflecting the nation’s ambitions for sustainable development and energy innovation. With strategic investments in renewable energy, infrastructure upgrades, and smart technologies, the UAE is setting a benchmark for modern energy markets worldwide. As the nation continues to navigate challenges and leverage opportunities, its power sector will remain a key driver of economic growth and environmental stewardship.

Buy the Full Report to Get More Insights on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Power Market Forecast, Download a Free Report Sample

[reportsshop]

Australia Hydrogen Market: Leading the Clean Energy Revolution

Australia is at the forefront of the global hydrogen revolution, leveraging its abundant renewable energy resources and strategic location to become a major player in the hydrogen market. Australia Hydrogen Market The development of this market is a cornerstone of Australia's efforts to achieve decarbonization and secure its position as a global clean energy leader.

Introduction to the Australia Hydrogen Market

The hydrogen economy in Australia is rapidly evolving, driven by ambitious government policies, international partnerships, and significant investments in technology and infrastructure. The country's vast solar and wind energy potential, coupled with its commitment to sustainability, positions it as a hub for green hydrogen production.

What is Driving the Hydrogen Market in Australia?

Abundant Renewable Energy Resources Australia’s unparalleled solar and wind energy capabilities enable cost-effective and sustainable green hydrogen production. These resources are critical for powering electrolysis, the process used to produce hydrogen from water.

Government Support and Investments The Australian government has launched the National Hydrogen Strategy, aiming to develop hydrogen as a clean energy solution for domestic use and export. The plan includes funding for hydrogen hubs, research initiatives, and infrastructure projects.

Types of Hydrogen in the Australian Market

Green Hydrogen Produced using renewable energy sources, green hydrogen is the most environmentally friendly option. Australia is focusing heavily on green hydrogen to align with its sustainability goals.

Blue Hydrogen Generated from natural gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS), blue hydrogen is a transitional option that balances cost and environmental impact.

Hydrogen Production Capacity in Australia

Key Projects

Asian Renewable Energy Hub (AREH): A massive project in Western Australia aimed at producing green hydrogen at scale.

Queensland Hydrogen Hub: Focused on domestic hydrogen production and export infrastructure development.

Integration with Renewables Hydrogen projects in Australia are closely tied to solar and wind farms, ensuring a sustainable and efficient energy cycle.

Australia’s Role as a Hydrogen Exporter

Australia’s geographic proximity to major hydrogen-importing nations like Japan, South Korea, and China offers a strategic advantage. Collaborative agreements and projects with these nations emphasize Australia’s role as a reliable hydrogen supplier.

Infrastructure Development Significant investments are being made in hydrogen liquefaction plants, storage facilities, and export terminals to meet international demand. Buy the Full Report Or Download a Free Sample Report For More Insights on Upcoming Hydrogen Projects in the Australia Hydrogen Market

Applications of Hydrogen in Australia

Industrial Use Hydrogen is transforming industries like steelmaking, ammonia production, and chemicals by offering a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels.

Transportation Australia is deploying hydrogen-powered vehicles and buses, emphasizing its role in decarbonizing the transport sector.

Power Generation Hydrogen is being utilized for grid stability and energy storage, supporting Australia's transition to a renewable-dominated energy system.

Challenges Facing the Australia Hydrogen Market

High Production Costs While green hydrogen is sustainable, its production is expensive due to the costs of renewable energy and electrolyzers.

Infrastructure Needs Building pipelines, storage facilities, and export terminals is a capital-intensive process that requires extensive planning and investment.

Global Competition Countries like Saudi Arabia and Chile are also advancing their hydrogen economies, creating competitive pressure on Australia.

Environmental Benefits of Hydrogen

Hydrogen plays a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By replacing fossil fuels in industrial processes, transportation, and power generation, it contributes significantly to Australia’s net-zero targets.

Technological Innovations in Hydrogen

Advancements in Electrolyzers New electrolyzer technologies are improving efficiency and reducing costs, making green hydrogen more competitive.

Hydrogen Storage Solutions Innovations in hydrogen storage, including cryogenic and solid-state technologies, address traditional storage challenges.

Regional Insights: Hydrogen Development in Australia

Western Australia The state is a leader in green hydrogen projects, leveraging its vast renewable energy resources for large-scale production.

Queensland and New South Wales Both states are investing heavily in hydrogen hubs and infrastructure, aiming to become major players in the domestic and export markets.

Future of the Australia Hydrogen Market

Australia’s hydrogen market is set to grow exponentially, with predictions indicating that it could generate billions in revenue and create thousands of jobs by 2030. Green hydrogen will dominate the market as technology advances and production costs decrease.

FAQs on the Australia Hydrogen Market

What is the National Hydrogen Strategy? The strategy outlines Australia’s plan to develop a sustainable hydrogen industry for domestic use and export, with a focus on green hydrogen.

Why is green hydrogen important for Australia? Green hydrogen aligns with Australia’s renewable energy capabilities and its goals for carbon neutrality, offering a sustainable energy solution.

What are the main challenges in scaling hydrogen in Australia? Key challenges include high production costs, infrastructure development, and competition from other hydrogen-producing nations.

Which countries are major importers of Australian hydrogen? Japan, South Korea, and China are leading importers, driven by their own decarbonization goals and energy needs.

How does hydrogen benefit Australia’s economy? The hydrogen industry boosts regional economies, creates jobs, and positions Australia as a leader in global clean energy markets.

What role does hydrogen play in decarbonizing industries? Hydrogen replaces fossil fuels in industries like steelmaking and chemical production, significantly reducing emissions.