#artible

[astronomical-bagel]

more vector art wilbur

[felisglacialis-stuff]

Fossil findings suggest cave lion hunting for fur in Spain, ~16.800 years ago

Here is a summary and some citations of the following paper:

Under the skin of the lion: unique evidence of upper paleolithic exploitation and use of cave lion (Panthera spelaea) from the lower gallery of La Garma (Spain).  Marián Cueto et al, 2016. PlosOne.

Links:

- The original paper - A printable PDF version - Popular scientific artible

The researchers carbon dated and analysed human caused cut marks on the distal phalanges (claws) of one cave lion individual found in Spain. The cut marks and location of the claw bones found in the archeological site, indicate the use of cave lion fur by which the claws are meant to remain attached to the pelt, although this is hard to confirm from fossil analysis. The results suggest that paleolithic humans living around 16800 BP in Spain hunted and skinned cave lions. The data are insufficient to draw conclusions about the scale in which this happened. The authors say that cave lion hunting could have been sporadic given the very few fossils found with human caused cut marks. However, they also say that by means of extrapolation from both archeological data as well as from data on modern lions, that cave lion (and generally large carnivore) hunting could have happened at larger scale which may have contributed to cave lion extinction in Europe. 

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Abstract (the author's summary) "Pleistocene skinning and exploitation of carnivore furs have been previously inferred from archaeological evidence. Nevertheless, the evidence of skinning and fur processing tends to be weak and the interpretations are not strongly sustained by the archaeological record. In the present paper, we analyze unique evidence of patterned anthropic modification and skeletal representation of fossil remains of cave lion (Panthera spelaea) from the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Cantabria, Spain). This site is one of the few that provides Pleistocene examples of lion exploitation by humans. Our archaeozoological study suggests that lion-specialized pelt exploitation and use might have been related to ritual activities during the Middle Magdalenian period (ca. 14800 cal BC). Moreover, the specimens also represent the southernmost European and the latest evidence of cave lion exploitation in Iberia. Therefore, the study seeks to provide alternative explanations for lion extinction in Eurasia and argues for a role of hunting as a factor to take into account".

Some citations from the discussion

"In Western Europe there are also cave lion fossils (e.g., (49) and references therein, (50, 51) but only a few has human modifications (52). Those remains with evidence of anthropic taphonomic damage indicate exceptional lion hunting events and exploitation related to use of the skin, tendons, and teeth as raw materials (14,27) ."

"An interesting note is that these marks are present in same zones associated with the modern veterinary operation of declawing (onychectomy surgery) of domestic felines (53). Moreover, this is also the technique used by modern hunters when skinning their prey when the aim is to keep the claws attached to the fur."

"The presence of carnivores in Pleistocene and Holocene sites is commonly associated with fur use (e.g. 54,65). The inferred exploitation patterns can be linked with large and small carnivore pelt exploitation (e.g., 15,17,19, 25, 66, 67), according to historic, ethnographic, and actualistic observations for fur procurement resulting in usable carnivore skins (68, 70), which are also applicable to the _LG_ cave lion remains."

"The hypothesis of the presence of a single lion would suggest a sporadic, isolated, and rare event of large carnivore hunting, as indicated (although other scenarios cannot be excluded, like scavenging) in ancient chronologies (15). However, the well-defined pattern inferred from the locations of the cut-marks and scraping traces permits us to infer an experienced procedure and a high knowledge of animal anatomy. Furthermore, the presence of the remains of other carnivores, such as bears (_Ursus arctos_), at the site that also show anthropic modifications, reveal the successful hunting of dangerous carnivores, as has also been observed at other Magdalenian sites (e.g., 52,67,82)."

"The potential linkage of the presence of a cave lion skin in such an archaeological context with ritual activities (35) allows us to infer a probable important role of the cave lion during the Magdalenian period among human groups."

“Although these remains are not sufficient to allow conclusive statements to be made, they sum the data to highlight the role of human activity in the extinction of carnivores, as has been suggested for other geographical areas, in addition to other factors such as climate change, prey numbers, or species replacement (e.g., 23-30)  also summarized in (31))."

"Modern case studies have demonstrated that a decrease in extant African lions can be related to direct human intervention through rapid habitat destruction, depletion of resources, and over-hunting (91,92) In this sense, we associate this well-defined lion skinning exploitation pattern from _LG_ with a previously practiced activity reached through intense hunting during the Upper Paleolithic. A tentative proposal might be to link this knowledge to an important role in human culture resulting in a key factor that should be taken into account to understand cave lion extinction."

Conclusion "In conclusion, we suggest that this outstanding evidence of specialized and patterned skinning exploitation of cave lions in the Upper Paleolithic, as inferred in _LG_, can be viewed as a complex hominin-carnivore interaction scenario. Its association with ritual activities provides key evidence for approaching behavioral issues in relation to cultural traditions and speculative alternative explanations to cave lion extinction during the Late Pleistocene, assuming a role for human hunting as a determining factor, among others. Further research will be needed to test this hypothesis, for answer to the questions addressed in order to contribute to the debate with new data, although the problem is a complex one."

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> The numbers are the references that you can find in the original paper. > I may post more summary/citation compilations like this about various topics.

[petersealystudio]

Agita, 2023

Since I first started working on my Artibles, I’ve been wanting to make the artwork not just mobile, not just animated, but fully interactive. I finally found a relatively straightforward way to do that, carving the piece out of a block of raw HTML, SVG, CSS and Javascript, and creating my first interactive piece, Agita (follow the link to try it out live): I’ve refined that prototype, flipping…

[marioncolibraries]

Artible: Painting and Dessert (Fairmont)⁠ Friday, January 3: 5 pm⁠ ⁠ Join us to paint a simple beach scene! Canvas provided, please contact Julie Mike at jmike@mcpls.org or 304-449-1021 for more information or what supplies are needed.⁠ ⁠ #artible #linkinbio #wvcrafters #mymarionwv⁠ https://www.instagram.com/p/B6n6Gxdlf-m/?igshid=10pu4ll44elg0

[djrarri]

HAPPY 420!! I'll be spinning at WORKSHOP RVA Doors Open 7:30 pm On 4/20 we bring to you, Artible! An amazing experience of art and treats! • Live painting • Sip n Paint • Art Display • plenty of treats and gifts! Guests $1 Display (Not for sale) $25 Vendors $50 LINK IN BIO #420 #WorkshopRVA #Workshop #Artible #Art #Treats @workshoprva #happy420 (at Richmond, Virginia) https://www.instagram.com/p/Bwf4z0DAKYs/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1boanu7gtxz3o

[lifesizehysteria]

How did I go from being someone with a near photographic memory who could recall textbook pages during tests to someone who literally cannot comprehend an academic text? Whenever I have to read an academic journal article I feel like my brain is broken. Are they secretly writing in another language because that’s how my brain reacts.

[grooovybud]

I’m going to be posting a video every day this month and I’d love you to come along for the ride !! :D 

[nileyxlove]

This is really interesting , read this article The New York Times wrote back in November.

[professionalgame383]

Class Ii Vs Class Iii Slots

3 CLASS II SLOT MACHINES EXPLAINED In a previous article, we explained the general differences between Class III and Class II slot machines. It's not whether you win or lose; it's whether or not you had a good bet. The 2011 60 Minutes report 'Slot Machines: Ginny Shanks, 512-334-7500Chief Marketing Officeror Jaffoni & Collins Incorporated Joseph N. A: Most casinos in Oklahoma run between 40 and 60 percent Class II games, but it largely depends on the facility and local market demand. The demand for Class II games is typically highest in.

Class Ii And Class Iii Slot Machines

Class Ii Vs Class Iii Slot Machines

Class Ii And Class Iii Slot Machines

It may look like a regular slot machine and play like one, but a video lottery terminal differs quite a bit in terms of how winners are determined.

VLT gaming machines are usually equated more with games like bingo, pull-tabs, scratch-offs, or lotto than they are with slot machines. This is because there are a pre-determined number of winners, and players are competing with each other for a prize rather than against the house. There is also not necessarily a winner in each game.

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Video Lottery Terminals (Class II machines)

VLTs are most often found in Indian gaming casinos or “racinos” (location with both a horse racetrack, as well as a casino). Each machine or terminal in a casino is linked together, forcing players to compete against one another for the prize, and with a set number of wins and losses, the group of machines is preprogrammed to payout at specific times.

The only catch for VLT machines is that players must announce their win in order to get the payout because the games are interactive. Although not every game has a winner, the game will be ongoing until a winner is determined.

As indicated by the name, video lottery winners are determined much like a lottery scratch card. Basically, when a game starts on a VLT, the system the machines are connected to randomly chooses a “scratch-off ticket” from those that remain. Once it receives the information regarding the winner, it sends the results to the VLT to reveal the winner, typically in some entertaining way.

Winning at VLT Machines

Obviously, the machine doesn’t have the ability to actually scratch off a ticket, but it does choose the winner from a pool, similar to a lottery ticket. Once all the outcomes in a pool are chosen, the central system receives a new pool.

The payouts can be slightly different on VLTs, as well. According to readybetgo.com, “The final results wouldn’t be noticeably different if the RNG simply picked one number from a group of numbers. Thus the mathematic methods of supplying the decisions in VLTs may be radically different than traditional RNG methods. But in the end, 1 in 10 is still 1 in 10, and 1 in 5,000 is still 1 in 5,000.” The artible goes on to explain that the reason VLTs can be slightly tighter is that they’re offered in areas where there is little competition. In fact, the typical payout is anywhere from 85% to 92%. So, if you’re playing in a casino that offers both VLTs and traditional slots machines, you’re probably better off with the latter.

Slot Machines (Class III)

Slot machines often referred to as “Vegas-style” or traditional slots are the machines you’re probably used to playing. Each traditional slot machine in a casino plays independently from other machines. The only way in which they are linked is usually in terms of the jackpot, but this is only for progressive networks.

Contrary to popular thought, there is no way to know if a certain machine is “hot.” The typical belief is that if a machine has just paid out, you shouldn’t play on it. This is simply not true. Because of the Random Number Generator, each machine has exactly the same likelihood of paying out. Unlike VLTs, slot machines are also not preprogrammed to pay out at any time, so you always have a chance at the jackpot!

When Do You Win?

To put players at ease who may have abandoned a machine in the past only to watch it pay out for the next player, you must understand that RNGs are programmed down to the millisecond, so the odds of winning if you had stayed are low. Because of this, the lever must be pulled at almost the exact time the winning number is generated.

Unlike VLTs, slot machine wins are immediate, and winners don’t have to announce their win to receive a prize. Although, I wouldn’t discourage any hooting and hollering if you’ve just landed a $10,000 jackpot. You earned it.

Gambling has been in the veins of humans since they used to live in caves. Since then gambling has become an obsession and addiction as now it is associated with money. People who want to earn a lot of money in less time take the path of gambling and visit various casinos to test their luck.

The ones who are not able to visit casinos visit various gambling websites such as norkscasinoguide.com for playing online gambling games such as bingo and poker.

In a casino, the most favorite game of most of the visitors is the slot machines which cater some very huge jackpots. Basically, there are 2 different types of slot machines i.e Class II and Class III. Now both of these slot machines are completely different and operate in a very different way. A lot of people play class II and class III machines at various casinos but they never realize the difference between them.

A class III machine which is also known as “ Vegas Style” slots is majorly found in largely regulated markets such as in Las Vegas, Atlantic City, and Reno. These machines work using an RNG or Random Number Generator.

You will be thinking what is an RNG? RNG is a program which generates possible numbers randomly after a person hits the spin button of the slot machine. If we look at the theoretical prospect, a program created by humans cannot be totally random, but an RNG is made such that it goes as close as possible.

Even if the machine is not working thousands and thousands of number are generated in the machine and within split second you hit the spin button the number is randomly generated and presented in the form of certain symbols on the screen. Your win or loss is quickly determined as soon as you hit the button.

One of the significant features of RNG machines is that there is a possibility of hitting a jackpot on every spin. This means that the theory about machines being “due to hit” i.e if you hit a jackpot in one spin then you will not win it on another spin, this is not true. You have a chance of hitting a jackpot in your every spin on a Class III slot machine.

So all this information above was about Class III “Vegas Style” slot machines. But talking about Class II slot machines they are totally different. Class II machines which are known as Virtual Lottery Terminals or VLT’s which are majorly found on Indian gaming reservations and racinos. For those who are not aware of what is racinos, they are places which allow class II slot machines which are attached with live horse track.

Class Ii Vs Class Iii Slot Machines

Class II machines are basically preprogrammed and this is the reason why there are a lot of misconceptions about these machines.

Class II machines are just like a scratch-off lottery ticket. Its tickets are sold and there are certain numbers which are the winning ticket. Class II slot machines are particularly based on the game of bingo. On a large number of class II slot machines, you will find a little bingo card on its corner. At some places they have class II slot machines because bingo is legal and the regular slot machines are not. This is why manufacturers built class II slot machines. For people who are video poker players, it is advisable that they avoid playing class II machines. You should go for playing on an RNG machine because it totally eradicates every possibility of any type of conspiracy as it is completely random.

[saladeestudos-blog1]

Inglês - Definite Article

                             Artigos - Articles              Artigo é a classe de palavras que se antepõe ao substantivo para definir, limitar ou modificar seu uso. Os artigos dividem-se em Definido e Indefinido.

                           O Artigo Definido (The) - The Definite Article (The)              O Artigo Definido The é usado antes de um substantivo já conhecido pelo ouvinte ou leitor. Significa o, a, os, as, mas, em inglês, é invariável em gênero e número, ao contrário do que acontece no Português. Exemplos:              The boy - O menino              The boys - Os meninos              The girl - A menina              The girls - As meninas

                           Quando usar o Artigo Definido - When to use the Definite Article              Utiliza-se o The diante de:

             1. Substantivos mencionados anteriormente, já definidos pelo locutor: (We wrote some letters and postcards. The letters were to his girlfriend - Ele escreveu algumas cartes e cartões-postais. As cartas eram para a sua namorada)

             2. Substantivos únicos em sua espécie: (The sun - o sol / the moon - a lua / the sky - o céu / the planet Earth - o planeta Terra / the universe - o universo)

             3. Nomes geográficos de rios, mares, canais, oceanos, pólos, desertos, golfos, grupo de ilhas e cadeias de montanhas: (The Amazonas River, The Pacif Ocean, The English Channel - O canal da Mancha, The North Pole, The Sahara, The Gulf of Mexico, The Bahamas, The Alps)

             4. Adjetivos usados como substantivos no plural: (The poor - os pobres / The powerful - os poderosos / The goos - os bons / The bad - os maus)

             5. Nomes compostos de países: (The United Kingdom - O Reino Unido / The United States - os Estados Unidos / The United Arab Emirates - os Emirados Árabes Unidos / The Dominican República - a República Dominicana)

- Só Língua Inglesa

[artbykd]

Come out and celebrate 420 a different kind of way, painting and enjoying an all infused buffet. Limited amount of painting tickets, general admission tickets available for infused buffet only. Link in my bio, DM for info #Repost @trytreedibles with @get_repost ・・・ ‪4/20 - #Artible - Dispensary Celebration - Instructed by: @artby_kd 🎨🔥🍃🍷! Catered by: @dimensional_delights DM us for address and more info!‬ - LINK IN BIO

[marioncolibraries]

Check out these beautiful watercolor tree paintings from this month's edition of "Artible: Art and Dessert", held at the Fairmont branch! To sign up for next month's class (March 2nd), call 304-366-1210 or visit this link: http://bit.ly/2o1vuaU #watercolor #artclass #birchtree #artible #artanddessert #wvartist #mymarionwv #free #librariesofinstagram #crafty #paintingclass (at Marion County Public Library System)

[djrarri]

I'll be spinning at RVA WORKSHOP Doors Open 7:30 pm On 4/20 we bring to you, Artible! An amazing experience of art and treats! • Live painting • Sip n Paint • Art Display • plenty of treats and gifts! Guests $1 Display (Not for sale) $25 Vendors $50 LINK IN BIO #420 #WorkshopRVA #Workshop #Artible #Art #Treats @workshoprva (at Richmond, Virginia) https://www.instagram.com/p/BwcMoi9AG6g/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=aa8hlv826z96

[petrorhagia]

please, recommend me new blogs to follow, my dash is so empty im going insane

i’m gonna try to name blogs i haven’t before so here it goes!!

@stellunas @vercna @artible @sulfade @fiowher @moongloss @glossyfull @roseofparis @rai-r @satinyrose @aphrodihe @softfrankocean @lagunae @04blush @bruwho @softsumi @glossparanoia @espressogal @patroclusgf @ultravhiolence @inkedpcges @vaguelover

[artible]

Do u track any tag?

#artible but i always forget to check

[justkarliekloss]

I don't think josh is a black sheep he has been twice to the White House regularly spends holidays with ivanka. Karlie's politics are not well known. The media don't understand these subtle differences. They will only see trump, like when she was seen at the tennis with ivanka. Fashion people will understand but not the normal people given a choice how to spend their money. Look at Nordstrom. Josh needs to stop hanging out with his brother and be on Karlie's side. He's not being supportive.

He is to me. I’ve read some artibles about him and his family, and he doesn’t fit that much with his brother and dad. He hangs out with Ivanka because SHE is his family. She is the mother of his nephews and niece. We don’t know her in person, and she might be someone very friendly and nice. And about Josh not being supportive with Karlie, we don’t know that. We don’t know what happens on their daily life, what they do or say. That he doesn’t show it publicly doesn’t mean anything. And why does Josh have to stop hanging out with his brother? He is HIS BROTHER! You can have different political opinions and still get along with people.