#april 20th 1902

[philwittebane]

hello

Dear Anonymous, Sorry for the long wait, I probably got this during my crunk trip. (drunk/high, word I invented, long story.) It feels great for a nice person to send me a magic letter. Regards, Philip

[chic-a-gigot]

La Mode nationale, no. 16, 19 avril 1902, Paris. Groupe de toilettes pour dames et jeunes filles. Bibliothèque nationale de France

(3) Robe de dîner pour jeune femme. Jupe en dentelle sur transparent blanc, bordée d'un volant bouillonné en liberty vert d'eau ou en crêpe de Chine. Au-dessus du volant, croisillons de velours noir.

Veste bouillonnée à la taille et formant basque mi-longue, ouverte sur un dessous de dentelle et rattachée devant par des velours croisés, avec de gros boutons fantaisie. Col fichu en mousseline de soie, souligné d'un volant froncé. Manche courte en dentelle, avec grand volant bouillonné.

(3) Dinner dress for a young woman. Lace skirt on white sheer, edged with a bubbled ruffle in water green liberty or crepe de chine. Above the ruffle, black velvet braces.

Jacket gathered at the waist and forming a mid-length peplum, open to a lace underside and attached in front with crossed velvets, with large fancy buttons. Silk chiffon kerchief collar, highlighted with a gathered ruffle. Short lace sleeve, with large bubbled ruffle.

Matériaux: dentelle en laize; 8 mètres de liberty.

—

(4) Robe de ville pour jeune femme ou dame d'âge moyen, en lainage rayé abricot, de ton effacé. Jupe plissée derrière terminée par trois volants en forme, découpés en créneaux et bordés de biais. Au volant supérieur, un biais souligne la tête. Jaquette ouverte et découpée sur un plastron de liberty noir. Manche à coude, revers assez large.

(4) City dress for young women or middle-aged ladies, in apricot striped wool, in a faded tone. Pleated skirt at the back finished with three shaped ruffles, cut into crenellations and edged at an angle. On the upper ruffle, a bias highlights the head. Dust jacket open and cut on a black liberty bib. Elbow sleeve, fairly wide lapel.

Matériaux: 8 mètres de lainage, 0m,75 de liberty noir.

—

(5) Toilette de visites pour jeune femme, en foulard rouge glacé. Jupe en forme; au bas, quatre volants légèrement badinés, soulignés de comètes de satin noir et surmontés de quatre rangs de comètes. Jaquette dentelée devant, bordée de biais à dépassant noir. Un biais semblable s'arrondit par des pinces en arrière. Ceinture de satin noir passant sous les devants. Col arrondi incrusté de guipure. Guimpe de soie noire. Manche pagode à pèlerines dentelées; celle du milieu est semblable au col.

(5) Visiting ensemble for young woman, in iced red scarf. Skirt shaped; at the bottom, four slightly embellished ruffles, highlighted with black satin comets and topped with four rows of comets. Serrated dust jacket in front, bias-edged with black protruding. A similar bias is rounded by darts at the back. Black satin belt passing under the front. Rounded collar inlaid with guipure. Black silk wimple. Pagoda handle with serrated capes; the middle one is similar to the collar.

Matériaux: 14 mètres de foulard.

—

(6) Robe élégante pour jeune fille ou jeune femme, en bengaline bleu-pastel. Jupe plissée devant, ornée d'un volant en forme que surmonte un large entre-deux. Corsage plissé; col empiècement en guipure; sous ce col commence un pli genre Watteau qui s'évase sur la jupe. Manche plissée sur l'épaule et séparée en deux bouffants par un bracelet de guipure. Poignet haut et collant en guipure. Ceinture ronde en taffetas blanc, rayé de velours noir.

(6) Elegant dress for a young girl or young woman, in pastel blue bengaline. Pleated skirt at the front, decorated with a shaped flounce topped with a wide in-between. Pleated bodice; guipure yoke collar; under this collar begins a Watteau-style pleat which flares out on the skirt. Pleated sleeve on the shoulder and separated into two bouffants by a guipure bracelet. High, sticky guipure cuff. Round belt in white taffeta, striped with black velvet.

Matériaux: 12 mètres de bengaline.

—

(7) Robe de visites pour jeune femme ou dame d'âge moyen en drap satin chamois. Jupe en forme cerclée de biais en taffetas pékiné. Boléro très ajusté, ouvert sur un gilet de drap blanc à revers. Grand col de moire, rayé et bordé d'entre-deux. Cravate de mousseline de soie noire. Manche courte à petits revers.

Bas de manche collant en soie blanche moucheté de noir.

(7) Visiting dress for young or middle-aged ladies in chamois satin cloth. Bias-rimmed skirt in pekiné taffeta. Very fitted bolero, open over a white cloth vest with cuffs. Large moire collar, striped and bordered with insertions. Black chiffon tie. Short sleeve with small cuffs.

Fitted cuffs in white silk speckled with black.

Matériaux: 5 mètres de drap; 1 mètre de soie mouchetée; 0m,30 de drap blanc; 0m,50 de moire.

—

(8) Robe de visites pour jeune femme, en lainage fantaisie vieux rose. Jupe en forme, cerclée de biais posés en dents de soie et tombant sur un volant en forme liséré de biais. Même garniture au corsage et à la manche demi-pagode. Devant, coquillé de dentelle; au col montant, liséré de liberty noir; ceinture ronde en l'étoffe de la robe.

(8) Visiting dress for young women, in fancy old pink wool. Shaped skirt, surrounded by bias placed in silk teeth and falling on a shaped ruffle edged at an angle. Same trim on the bodice and half-pagoda sleeve. Front, shell of lace; with a high collar, lined with black liberty; round belt made from the fabric of the dress.

Matériaux: 7m,50 de lainage.

—

(9) Toilette de réception pour jeune femme ou dame d'âge moyen, en surah vieux rouge très pâle. Plis cerclant la jupe. Veste Louis XV en grosse dentelle. Plastron et manche de dentelle. La manche se termine sous un revers arrondi orné de plis. Col arrondi en forme. Echarpe de mousseline de soie, même ton, nouée sous le col et tombant jusqu'au bas de la robe.

(9) Reception ensemble for young or middle-aged lady, in very pale old red surah. Pleats encircling the skirt. Louis XV jacket in large lace. Lace bib and sleeve. The sleeve ends under a rounded lapel decorated with pleats. Rounded shaped collar. Silk chiffon scarf, same tone, tied under the collar and falling to the bottom of the dress.

Matériaux: 10 mètres de surah; dentelle en laize; 4 mètres de mousseline de soie.

[thepastisalreadywritten]

Margaret Ann Neve, aged 110 in 1902.

Born in Guernsey in 1792, she died in 1903 and was the first recorded person to have lived in three different centuries. 🕰️

—

Margaret Ann Neve (née Harvey, 18 May 1792 – 4 April 1903) was the second validated supercentenarian after Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788-1899).

Neve lived at Saint Peter Port on the island of Guernsey in the English Channel.

—

1. The first female supercentenarian.

2. One of the first verified people who lived within three centuries (18th until the 20th century).

3. The oldest verified human born before the 19th century.

[bruceburgdorf]

The German resistance to the Nazis and Hitler

A common criticism of the now well known 20th July plot was that many of the German conspirators were opposed to how Hitler was leading the war but not the Nazi regime as a whole or only opposed the Nazis once the fate of the war had already been decided. This was however certainly not the case for all who resisted Hitler within Germany.

These two men form part of the exception to this criticism and were consistent in their opposition from the early days of the 1930‘s and throughout the Nazi rule in Germany.

For me one of the greatest tragedies was learning of their names through wartime fiction and not through school, TV documentaries or books about WW2.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906 -1945

Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a pastor and theologian who was part of a well educated and connected family. In his early years he travelled and had witnessed the poor treatment of black Americans.

He returned to Germany in the early 1930’s and spoke out against the Nazis before they were elected and became a founding member of the Confession Church. This new church opposed the Nazi interference in religious teachings which sought to revise the bible to exclude Jewish influences and also remove pastors of Jewish descent.

When Bonhoeffer drew the attention of the Nazi party he was banned from public speaking and later banned from the city of Berlin but continued to gather support to oppose the Nazi influence on the church in secret.

He was informed of the 1938 plot to arrest Hitler by his brother in law Hans von Dohnányi who use his position in the Abwehr to keep him informed of the Nazi atrocities and to also get Dietrich himself a position in the Abwehr which protected him from conscription and allowed him to continue his work. He became aware that his brother in law had moved to conspiring to kill Hitler not just arrest him which as a pastor Bonhoeffer was originally against but eventually agreed that they needed to stop Hitler at any cost.

His role was to be a courier, assigned to engage in covert talks with foreign church leaders who could communicate with the Allies. He had hoped his position could allow for peace terms for Germany to be discussed however Allied wartime policy would ignore resistance from with Germany. This was party due to the allies needing to remove any ambiguity when it came to placing the blame on the Germans for the war but also because they had been fooled in the past by an SD agent pretending be be with the resistance and passing on false information. It was nethertheless unfortunate that communication from the real German resistance would be then be ignored.

Bonhoeffer was eventually arrested on grounds of sedition and sent to Tegel prison where he used his teachings and faith to comfort other prisoners and he even impressed some of the guards with his courage and strength and a few of these guards were persuaded to assist him by allowing letters to be sent to his family and one even offered to help him escape although he refused as he was worried of the consequences it may have on his family.

When the diaries of Admiral Canaris of the Abwehr (another key member of the resistance) were discovered he was found to be linked to the 20th July plot and was moved to Buchenwald and eventually Flossenburg concentration camp where he was hanged on 9th April 1945.

Hans von Dohnányi 1902 - 1945

Hans von Dohnányi was like his brother in law, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, well educated. He was a lawyer and also someone who opposed the Nazis before they had come to be elected. He began to write down the Nazi parties crimes which he planned to use as evidence if they were overthrown.

He was recruited into the Abwehr, the military intelligence service, by Hans Oster, a Wehrmacht colonel at that time and later a general but more importantly someone who also opposed the Nazis before the war had began and worked under Admiral Canaris.

The Abwehr had recruited a number of opposers to the Nazis who would work legitimately within the intelligence service but who would secretly also work against their own government. Hans would have access to their archives and he soon learned of Hitler’s military plans for Europe as well as atrocities which were being perpetrated against the Jews and on the eastern front. He became part of the active resistance to arrest Hitler in 1938 along with Hans Oster and others and would later be involved in an assassination attempts on Hitler’s life including in 1943 where a bomb was smuggled onto Hitler's plane but unfortunately didn't detonate.

The previous year Hans had taken part in a secret Abwehr operation to smuggle 13 Jews out of Germany and had illegally transfered government funds to support the Jews who were now living in Switzerland. This transfer of money would then led to his arrest in 1943 and eventual transfer to Sachsenhausen. Hans had worked to bring together civilians and military personnel who opposed the government in an effort to establish a more organised resistance. This lead to his conviction for his involvement in planning of the 20th July plot.

He was executed in Sachsenhausen likely on the same day as Bonhoeffer was executed in Flossenbürg, 9th April 1945 . He is now recognised as one of the righteous among Nations by Israel.

One more note in this great man's legacy is that his grandson is actor Justus von Dohnányi who I admire very much.

[miracles-and-butterflies]

Dates of Birth

Mainly for my OCs’ birthdays. But includes the canon ones, just for reference.

Brackets are for the Madrigals and bold are canon/confirmed birthdays. Italics are for the friends groups, as they don’t have individual tags, so you know where to find more about them.

(Alma - 1st January 1875)

(Pedro - 22nd June 1875)

(Félix - 11th November 1896)

Alfonso Hernandez - 15th July 1899

(Julieta, Pepa & Bruno - 17th October 1899)

(Agustín - 19th June 1902)

Lili Iglesias - 30th September 1927

(Isabela - 7th August 1928)

(Dolores - 31st August 1928)

Mariano Guzmán - 12th October 1928

Lucía Desoto, Green Group - 13th April 1929

Eugenia Augado, Gossipers - 9th September 1929

Marta Carrillo - 26th February 1930

Carmen Garza, Secret Friends Group - 8th April 1930

(Luisa - 14th November 1930)

Paula Zapatero, Secret Friends Group - 4th February 1931

Andres Medina-Lanzo, Secret Friends Group - 19th January 1931

Federico Rubio-Torres, Reptile Kids - 11th September 1933

Sandino & Olga Aldana, Reptile Kids - 27th July 1934

Marco Osma - 23rd November 1934

(Camilo - 28th December 1934)

Beatriz Basurto, Reptile Kids - 31st January 1935

(Mirabel - 6th March 1935)

Álvaro Escarra, AEMM - 31st March 1935

Sera Velasquez - 10th May 1935

Ruben Zapatero, Reptile Kids - 5th December 1935

Alejandra Bernal, Friendly Four - 6th February 1944

Cecilia Rubio-Torres, Friendly Four - 12th March 1944

Juancho Desoto, Friendly Four - 20th December 1944

(Antonio - 21st May 1945)

[rabbitcruiser]

New York became the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates on April 25, 1901.

License Plates Day

License Plates Day is celebrated on April 25 to celebrate the first-ever issued license plate in the U.S. in 1901. Prior to this, there was no official marking or designation on any vehicle. The lack of acknowledgment hurt the vehicle owners because horses and carriages had more rights, and they could be denied access to roads. With the passage of the law, New York became the first state to issue a license plate on vehicles, and the trend was swiftly picked up by the entire West Coast states. Today, there are more than 250 million registered vehicles in the country, and each of them has a unique number plate.

History of License Plates Day

It’s amazing to think that today’s norms are yesterday’s discoveries. It wasn’t until the 20th century that someone thought of distinguishing vehicles on the basis of number plates. In 1901, New York Governor Benjamin Odell Jr. signed a new bill into a law that required motor vehicle owners to be registered with the state. Initially, the bill included directions about the design of the plate, which were later scrapped after the big automobile boom of the ‘50s. Individuals could design their own plates, as long as the characters were three inches high. On May 2, 1901, George F. Chamberlain became the first person to receive a license plate for his vehicle. A week after the law came into effect on April 25, 17 people had already applied for licenses. Within a year, the number of license plates in America climbed up to 1,566.

Although individually marking vehicles at the time came at a cost and effort to both authorities and citizens, it was also a relief. Without proper marking or acknowledgment, vehicle owners were harassed by laws that differed in each state. The U.S. took its lead from the Netherlands and France, which started a national database for license plates in the early 1890s.

License plate historian Keith Marvin notes that the license plate fashion parade was a spectacle of the past, with owners resorting to the use of metal, leather, and even wood to adorn their plates. The license plating took a turn from the initials of the owner to state numerals as their numbers increased. Subsequently, the state took over the issuance, designing, and database of license plates. On April 25, people take their cars for a stroll and display their unique plates in pride. License plate exhibitions are held across the country, and passionate souls come together to share their love for the interesting history of license plates.

License Plates Day timeline

1901 The First American License Plates

New York’s Governor passes the first law mandating the use of license plates on vehicles.

1902 The Number Climbs

1,566 automobile owners register their vehicles in the first year after the law is passed.

1903 The State Takes Over

Massachusetts becomes the first state to distribute state-issued license plates to vehicle owners.

2014 Petersen Automotive Museum

The Petersen exhibition opens up in Los Angeles to present vintage license plates and other historic automotive parts.

2021 Exponential Growth

16.1 million new vehicles are registered in the U.S. in one year.

License Plates Day FAQs

How can I get a license plate?

License plates are issued by the state. You can get a license plate from your county’s Department of Motor Vehicles.

Is it legal to drive my car without a license plate?

You are allowed to drive your newly bought car without registration or license plate. In most states, you are required to get a permanent plate within 90 days of purchase of the vehicle.

Do I need a rear license plate?

It depends on where you live — 31 U.S. states require both front and rear license plates, whereas 19 mandate only the front plate.

License Plates Day Activities

Read the legislation

Study road safety laws

Be the change

The License and Registration Act was the beginning of a new era in America. This landmark legislation changed the status of automobiles in the country. Following the recognition from the state, cars went from being an embarrassment to the riches to a household necessity. License Plates Day is a great day to brush up on that old history and honor the legislators behind this change.

When was the last time you acquainted yourself with any laws, let alone road safety laws that impact us all? It’s time to pick up the rule book and go by the page to absorb all safety laws and measures that you can adopt to become a better co-passenger of the road.

With a swipe of a pen, New York’s governor ushered in a new set of laws in the country which benefited the vehicle owners and the government. On the anniversary of his most impactful decision, emulate his life’s teaching and be the change that you wish to see in the world.

5 Fascinating Facts About License Plates

The oldest plate

U.S.P.S. royalty

The uniqueness of Pennsylvania

Potato for the win

The vanity of Virginia

The first-ever license plate issued by the state of Massachusetts in 1903 still holds an active registration.

Vehicles owned and operated by the United States Postal Service are exempted from bearing a license plate.

Vanity plates were introduced to the U.S. by Pennsylvania in 1931.

The first-ever graphic license plate was that of a potato, issued by the state of Iowa in 1928.

Virginia issues the most number of vanity plates, customized as per the owner; while Texas comes last in the list.

Why We Love License Plates Day

It’s an opportunity to get creative

It’s unique for all

It goes into the national database

Customizable license plates and vanity sets are unique spoils of America. Most vehicle owners see license plates as an extension of their personality. On April 25, you have a chance to spruce up your own set and fill it with details that no one else has yet.

There have been a couple of hundred million unique license plates on the road ever since the first plate was issued in 1901. In a world where everything can be copied and originality has been reduced to a buzzword, our license plates stay true to the promise of being one of a kind.

Maintaining a central registry of every vehicle ensures accountability in times of need. The unique identity helps in keeping a trace of the vehicles and keeps a census of the automobiles on the road.

Source

[sophia-helix]

“Cecil GEDGE was almost certainly killed in the Garhwal Brigade advance that was stopped on the German wire. One source tells us that "He went to France in June 1915 when he was attached to the Grenadier Coy., Garhwal Brigade, and was killed in action at the Battle of Loos on 25 September. His Colonel wrote: He was wounded early in the advance and came back and had his wounds dressed, and then went out again to lead his men, and he has not been seen since. He was a brave English gentleman, and we are glad to think he was one of us. I am very sorry to say I have had strict orders not to send forward for 'Mention' any officer who has been killed. If it were not for this very strict rule I should have sent forward your husband's name. A brother officer wrote: There is one thing that may console you, and that is, your husband showed the greatest courage. He was wounded by shrapnel early in the morning, but refused to go back. He just had his men bind him up, and when the order came to go over the parapet, he led his men over like a hero. Cecil was a Member of the Inner Temple having followed his father into the law. He was born on 20th February 1866 so at 49 was certainly not a young man when he was killed. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College Cambridge. He was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) as a barrister in 1891, and afterwards practiced on the South-Eastern Circuit and at the Essex and Herts Sessions. On the outbreak of war he enlisted in the 23rd Middlesex Regiment (The Sportsman's Battalion) and was later commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 1/3 London Regiment in April 1915. His decision to enlist in the Sportsman?s Battalion was no doubt influenced by him being a good sportsman, being well known in Switzerland as a curler. He was a member of the MCC. He was also a keen scholar, and had edited various publications, including Granta in 1890, Huts, 1902-3, and was sub-editor of Lord Halsbury's Laws of Ayland. He married. Jessie Bickley at St. Margaret's, Westminster on 6 Aug. 1892, and had a daughter Sydney Jessie in 1893. 2/Lieutenant Cecil GEDGE is remembered at St James's Church in Stedham, West Sussex and on the Mitcham War Memorial and is also named on a family grave in the nearby churchyard of St.Peter and St.Paul”

currently maybe possibly single-handedly crashing whatever servers eton hosts its archived student newspapers on because me and a friend are getting obsessed with a single outspoken prefect from 1883

[weekend-photo-stories]

Ansel Adams (photography research 1)

Ansel Adams was born on February 20 1902 on 22nd of April he died in 1984 at the age of 82. he had a career in photography mainly landscape putting all his time and work into photographing what’s left of the untouched wilderness(national parks, and other protected preserves of America caring about conservation). Despite not doing well in school for his rebellious behavior he was surprisingly a very talented self-taught musician (mainly as a pianist) taking a job as a custodian of a lodge in Yosemite National in the 1920s he was able to get many good snapshots of the landscape. By 1930 he decided to go more into photography rather than pursuing his talents as a pianist.

One of the works to go over was that of “Thunderstorm of Yosemite Valley”  a photonegative taken in 1945 with the medium of gelatin silver print with a 14 ½ x 18 inch size. Were within the photograph shows Yosemite Valley which I think is when a thunderstorm was about to occur with the dark clouds starting to form but having no thunder around in the photo gives us a great detail of the land as we can see the landscape where the trees and waterfall are noticeable despite the image being in black and white which works well with having different gradation of various parts of the image as the light is appearing with shadows on top and light coming from the side. I mainly picked this photograph as it kinda gives off the look of the old movies as well that it might've been dangerous taking a photograph of the valley knowing that there’s a thunderstorm coming.

[sylvieblogs]

Artist Research Blog #1 Ansel Adams

The artist I researched about is American landscape photographer and environmentalist Ansel Adams. He was known for taking black-and-white pictures of beautiful landscapes of nature. He was born on February 20th, 1902, in Western Addition, San Francisco, California, and died at the age of 82 on April 22, 1984. Adams helped to found 'Group f/64', where multiple photographers advocated for pure photography. In the saying, pure photography means highlighting the full tonal range of a photograph with a sharp focus.

Description of photograph

This photograph was taken from an elevated perspective, highlighting the Teton Mountains and the river at the bottom. it used a tonal range from the lightest to the darkest tones. He made sure to capture the different textures of trees and the texture of the clouds. The brightness of the hidden sun in the background. This was a beautiful masterpiece.

^Tetons and The Snake River

In my opinion, I am not a fan of black-and-white pictures. I like having color in the mix, as I have lived in a city without much nature. I lived in a desert with skyscrapers, artificial trees, and man-made beaches. I like real nature with its natural colors. while this is a beautiful picture without colors, I would have loved to see the mixtures of colors. That would grab my attention more.

This a beautifully represented black and white photograph of nature that not many people have seen. it captures the dark and light tones of nature without color. It also captures the different textures that are present. For example, the different types of trees, the flow of water, and the cloudy sky.

[cesclimited]

The Electrifying History of CESC: The Legacy of Excellence

Kolkata, a city steeped in history and culture, has long been a leader in India’s industrial and technological progress. A key part of this development is the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC), which has been crucial in lighting up the city and powering its growth. Let's explore the intriguing history of CESC and its journey over the years.

The Arrival of Electricity

The story began on 24th July 1879, with the first demonstration of electric light by P W Fleury & Co. This was followed by another significant demonstration by Dey Sil & Co on 30th June 1881. These events marked the start of a new era in Kolkata, introducing the citizens to the wonders of electricity.

The Year 1899: A Landmark Moment

The year 1899 was a milestone for both CESC and Kolkata. In April of that year, CESC commissioned its first thermal power plant, laying the foundation of Kolkata's infrastructure. This was not just a technical achievement but also a cultural moment, as Kolkata was then the capital of India and the second city of the British Empire.

Legislation and Expansion

The story of CESC is also about evolving legislative frameworks. The Calcutta Electric Lighting Act was passed in 1895, granting CESC its first licence to light up the city. This initial licence covered an area of 5.64 square miles, a figure that has since grown significantly to cover 567 sq km today.

Early Years and Rapid Growth

On 7th January 1897, Kilburn & Co secured the electric lighting licence, and soon after, the company was renamed The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Limited. By 1898, CESC was supplying electricity to prominent establishments like the Bank of Bengal and The Bengal Club.

Lighting Up the Streets and Homes

CESC’s efforts soon illuminated the streets of Kolkata. Harrison Road (now Mahatma Gandhi Road) was among the first streets to be lit up by electricity between 1889 and 1892. This era also saw the introduction of electric fans, replacing the traditional hand-pulled punkahs, which greatly changed everyday life in Kolkata.

Modernisation and Growth

The expansion and modernisation of CESC continued through the 20th century. Notable developments included the electrification of Calcutta Tramways in 1902, transitioning from horse-drawn carriages to electric trams—a technological upgrade that also improved public health.

The Southern Generating Station, commissioned in the early 1990s, finally ended the load-shedding that had troubled the city since the 1960s, ushering in a new era of reliable electricity supply.

CESC Today

Today, CESC serves over 2.8 million consumers, a significant leap from the 6,000 consumers in 1912. The company has grown alongside the city, contributing not only to its infrastructure but also to its socio-economic development.

Reflections

The history of CESC is more than just a company story; it’s a reflection of Kolkata’s journey into modernity, mirroring the city’s growth and challenges. As we look back at the bright path CESC has travelled, it’s clear that the company has not only lit up homes but also lives, fostering growth and innovation in one of India’s most historic cities.

As Kolkata continues to evolve, CESC remains a symbol of progress, committed to sustainability and excellence. The legacy of those early days of electricity continues to inspire a brighter, more sustainable future.

[allinlist]

Philippines Independence Day

The Philippines consist of over 7,000 separate islands within the western Pacific have declared their independence from the Spanish rule about 120 years ago. General Emilio Aguinaldo was accountable for making the claim but it was not until 1962 that President Diosdado Macapagal had made it one public holiday by the presidential proclamation. The Philippine flag was open up for its initial time on June 12 of 1898 at a rousing celebration, which also marked the first ever public playing of their Philippines national anthem. This nation has made the best strides. It is deemed to be a rising market and the newly industrialized country. The tourism also makes the big impact on the economy of the Philippines.

WHEN IS THE PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENCE DAY?

The Philippines is celebrating their independence every June 12 yearly.

PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENCE DAY HISTORY

For more than 300 years, Philippines had been a Spanish colony, and had been named after the King of Spain, King Philip II. In year 1521, Ferdinand Magellan set down on the island of the Philippines and the claimed it for the Spain. Magellan wished every local chief to propose to the Spanish rules but a man, named Lapu Lapu turned it down. An attempt was then made by Magellan for crushing Lapu Lapu, but then he failed and he was the one being killed.

Then when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi headed an expedition in year 1565, the Spaniards then finally gained the footing in the Philippines. Then, they built the Intramuros City in 1571, which had been later renamed as Manila, and turned out to be the capital of this land. Finally, Spanish rule had take over, and the feudal system was then established— with bigger estates hold by the Spaniards, and Filipinos being the workers. These Spanish years brought wealth to the Philippines, the rule remained uneventful. It changed when Manila was captured by British in year 1762. Under the Treaty of Paris terms signed in year 1763, this city was then returned in year 1764.

19th Century

The feelings of nationalism happened to stir in 19th Century. This revolt grew with the assistance of Dr. Jose Rizal, the author that wrote the two novels of “The Filibusterer” (El Filibusterismo), and “Touch me Not” (Noli Me Tangere). These books caused the nationalism and sensation that spread like wildfire all throughout the Philippines. During 1892, Jose Rizal established the movement named as Liga Filipina, which is known for reform instead of revolution. As an outcome Rizal was arrested, then exiled to Dapitan at Mindanao.

The same with this, a more intense organization was created by Andres Bonifacio, named as Katipunan. The revolution started in 1896 of August, and then Jose Rizal was accomplished on December 30, 1896 right under the deceit of supporting a revolution, although he did not. The execution merely inflamed the opinion of Filipinos and the revolution grew.

And then the war between U.S. and Spain started in 1898. This Spanish fleet was beaten in Manila Bay by the Americans on 30th of April, 1898. Seizing this chance, Filipino revolutionaries then surrounded Manila, and the leader Emilio Aguinaldo affirmed the Philippines as an independent one on June 12. But, the American rule had take over when Emilio Aguinaldo was arrested in 1902.

20th Century

During the Americans leadership, the Philippines had created the commonwealth, and the semi-independent in year 1935. Literacy rate increased also as numerous American teachers were send out to the Philippines. Then, USA promised that Philippines would be totally independent in year 1945.

On 10th of December, 1941, Japan attacked the Philippines, and then captured Manila. The entire Philippines were at hands of Japan during that time. In October, 1944, the American troops go back to the Philippines and then recaptured Manila. Then the Philippines became an independent state on July 4, 1946. Then, Manuel Roxas became the first ever president of a newly independent nation.

TIMELINE OF THE PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENCE DAY

June 12, 1898 – Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Declared Independence

The Independence Day has been celebrated on 12th of June because of the declaration of the general about 121 years past.

July 4, 1946 – Philippines Gained Independence

The U.S.A. occupied the islands starting from the time that they declared the independence from Spain up to 1946.

1958 – Philippine National Anthem was translated

The first version, unveiled in year 1899 and it was in Spanish language.

1986 – Female President was elected

Corazon Aquino had been elected as president and served up until 1992.

TRADITIONS

The Independence of the Philippines state was really a mighty feat. During Independence Day the relinquished of all the national heroes is always remembered, the sovereignty of the country is appreciated, instilling the nationalism to every citizen, and also celebrating the tradition and culture of the people.

Parades are being nationwide, with the participation from the administration, and the citizens. Since it is considered a national holiday, the offices, businesses, and schools are all closed, and families can spend their time together at the parks, and do some other celebratory activities. The Filipino communities abroad can celebrate also with the annual parades and programs.

PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENCE DAY IN NUMBERS

7,100 –number of islands comprising the Philippines

28.1% – percentage of Tagalog citizens that make up their Filipino population

108.1 million – population of the people in the Philippines

80% – percentage of Roman Catholic people in the Philippines

1521 – Ferdinand Magellan asserted the islands of the Philippines for Spain.

FAQs DURING TEH PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENCE DAY

1. What is the actual Philippines Independence Day?

The Philippines was formally acclaimed as independent on 4th of July, 1946.

2. When did independence step into the Philippines?

The Philippines gained their independence on 4th of July, 1946 from the U.S.A.

3. Why do Philippines own two Independence Days?

The June 12 celebration recognizes the day that the islands bust free from the rules of the Spaniards. However, American forces dominated the Philippines up to 1946. The Independence came on the 4th of July, the same day with American Independence Day, however, Filipinos recognizes June 12 as their day of the rightful day of the real independence.

ACTIVITIES FOR PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENCE DAY

1. Create your personal “family flag”

Organizational, National, and State flags are packed with symbolism. Why not make a flag that will represent your own family’s strengths and hopes?

2. Attend a parade for Independence Day

The Philippine Independence Day will always have a Parade for its celebration.

3. Try some new food

While the balut, described as the “duck embryo food snack in the street,” it is not really something that we will crave for, trying some new things that will not hurt. Most cultures own interesting menu items, albeit controversial, try some cuisine for the holiday.

You May Also Read:

[philwittebane]

ask.

Dear Anonymous, Ask what? What do you want? Regards, Philip

[chic-a-gigot]

La Mode nationale, no. 16, 19 avril 1902, Paris. Groupe de toilettes pour dames et jeunes filles. Bibliothèque nationale de France

(10) Robe d'intérieur pour jeune femme ou dame d'âge moyen en fantaisie beige. Robe droite à plis repincés; formant dans le bas un volant auquel une broderie ton sur ton sert de tête. Même broderie devant; même broderie dessinant l'empiècement. Décolleté carré sur une guimpe de linon blanc; col brodé. Manche droite, large, ornée de broderie.

(10) House dress for young woman or middle-aged lady in fancy beige. Straight dress with re-pinched pleats; forming a ruffle at the bottom to which tone-on-tone embroidery serves as a head. Same embroidery on the front; same embroidery drawing the yoke. Square neckline on a white lawn wimple; embroidered collar. Straight, wide sleeve, decorated with embroidery.

Matériaux: 7m,50 de lainage.

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(11) Robe de visites pour jeune femme ou jeune fille, en voile bleu-pastel. Sur une première jupe à plis fins, tombe une seconde jupe ��galement plissée à repincés. Corsage blouse décolleté entre-deux de guipure descendant pour dissimuler la fermeture. Basque rapportée derrière. Manche large, resserrée au coude, par un bouquet de fronces; ceinture drapée de soie blanche.

(11) Visiting dress for young woman or girl, in pastel blue voile. On top of a first skirt with fine pleats, falls a second skirt also with re-pinched pleats. Blouse bodice with insertion neckline and guipure descending to conceal the closure. Basque attached behind. Wide sleeve, tightened at the elbow, with a bunch of gathers; belt draped in white silk.

Matériaux: 10 mètres de voile bleu; 2 mètres de mousseline de soie; 0m,60 soie blanche.

—

(12) Robe élégante pour jeune femme, en bengaline rose bengale. Jupe en forme terminée par cinq volants un peu froncés. Au-dessus des volants, entre-deux de guipure en forme de dents rondes et faisant deux quilles de chaque côté du tablier. Des dépassants de taffetas noir encadrent l'entre-deux. Corsage froncé, voilé d'un grand col de guipure et de deux pattes rappelant la garniture de la jupe. La manche s'écourte sur un bouffant en mousseline de soie blanche.

(12) Elegant dress for young women, in bengal pink bengaline. Shaped skirt finished with five slightly gathered ruffles. Above the ruffles, guipure inlays in the shape of round teeth and making two keels on each side of the apron. Black taffeta overhangs frame the space in between. Gathered bodice, veiled with a large guipure collar and two tabs reminiscent of the skirt's trim. The sleeve is shortened on a white silk chiffon bouffant.

Matériaux: 10 mètres de bengaline; guipure en laize.

—

(13) Robe de ville pour jeune femme ou jeune fille. Jupe en lainage vieux rouge quadrillé bordée en forme d'un volant plat en taffetas rouge "légion d'honneur". Corsage-blouse, fermé devant sous une large patte de taffetas. Col en forme en taffetas et petit col rabattu en lainage bordé d'un biais de soie. Manche droite terminée par un biais remontant en taffetas.

(13) City dress for young women or girls. Skirt in old red checkered wool lined in the shape of a flat ruffle in red “legion of honor” taffeta. Blouse-bodice, closed in front under a large taffeta tab. Shaped collar in taffeta and small turn-down collar in wool edged with silk bias. Straight sleeve finished with a rising taffeta bias.

Matériaux: 5 mètres de lainage; 6 mètres de taffetas.

—

(14) Robe simple pour jeune femme ou jeune fille, en suédoise d'été "son mouillé". Jupe en forme ornée d'un biais en forme piqué et fixé de côté par un bouton fantaisie. Large biais de drap blanc piqué, posé en forme. Corsage croisé, décolleté sur un dessous de drap blanc; guimpe et ceinture en liberty saphir foncé. Manche froncée dans un poignet droit.

(14) Simple dress for young woman or girl, in Swedish summer "wet wool". Shaped skirt decorated with a pique-shaped bias and secured on the side with a fancy button. Large bias of white stitched cloth, laid in shape. Crossed bodice, neckline on a white cloth underside; gimp and belt in dark sapphire liberty. Sleeve gathered in a right cuff.

Matériaux: 5m,50 de lainage; 0m,50 de drap blanc.

—

(15) Robe de visites pour jeune femme ou jeune fille, en voile fleuri vert-d'eau. Jupe cerclée de biais de soie blanche. Boléro ouvert sur un dessous en mousseline de soie blanche. Hausse-col et col découpé liserés de biais blancs. Manche plissée à l'épaule et froncée dans un poignet droit. Ceinture à pointe en soie blanche.

(15) Visiting dress for young women or girls, in water-green floral voille. Skirt circled with white silk bias. Bolero open on a white silk chiffon underside. Ruffled collar and cut-out collar with white bias edging. Sleeve pleated at the shoulder and gathered at a straight cuff. White silk pointed belt.

Matériaux: 7 mètres de voile; 3 mètres de taffetas; 0m,60 de mousseline de soie.

—

(16) Robe de réception pour jeune femme ou dame d'âge moyen, en crêpe vieux rose. Robe composée de volants froncés bordés de dentelle; le devant est droit; les plis maintenus par une écharpe nouée en satin noir. Décolleté en V sur une guimpe de dentelle. Manche rayée en haut de repincés, froncés au-dessous du coude dans un poignet collant en dentelle à clair.

(16) Reception dress for young or middle-aged ladies, in old pink crepe. Dress composed of gathered ruffles edged with lace; the front is straight; the folds held by a tied black satin scarf. V-neckline on a lace wimple. Striped sleeve at the top, gathered below the elbow in a clear lace fitted cuff.

Matériaux: 12 mètres de crêpe.

[thepastisalreadywritten]

These 5 individuals were among the most influential of the entire 20th century.

Most students have never heard of any of them. 🧵

1) Saint Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005)

John Paul II was the most known and seen person of the entire 20th century and arguably the single most influential individual in bringing about the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Many high school students have never heard of him.

2) Margaret Thatcher (13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013)

Margaret Thatcher enjoyed enormous popularity as the longest-serving British prime minister of the entire 20th century and the first woman to hold the position.

But her conservatism made her unpopular with academics and she is increasingly forgotten.

3) Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008)

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote the single most influential literary work in bringing about the fall of the Soviet Union.

After enjoying celebrity status, he was effectively cancelled for his unpopular warning that the West was sowing the seeds of its own destruction.

4) Charles Lindbergh (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974)

After completing the first transatlantic flight in 1926, Charles Lindbergh became one of the most famous people on the planet.

However, as international flights became commonplace everyday, the enormity of Lindbergh’s accomplishment was lost to successive generations.

5) General Colin Powell (5 April 1937 – 18 October 2021)

General Colin Powell was a four-star General and the first Black Secretary of State.

As the two main political parties in America came to look unfavorably on the Bush administration, Powell’s legacy has suffered.

[lboogie1906]

Sam McVey or Sam McVea (May 17, 1884 – December 23, 1921) was a Hall of Fame heavyweight boxer who fought during the early 20th century. He ranked alongside Jack Johnson, Joe Jeanette, Sam Langford, and Harry Wills as the top African American heavyweights of their generation. Despite being denied a title shot, he enjoyed a famed career that took him across the globe.

In 96 documented fights in at least 10 different countries, he only lost 16 bouts. His greatest wins include two victories over both Sam Langford and Harry Wills, which won him the World Colored Heavyweight Championship on two occasions. He worked as a trainer and sparring partner for both Black and white fighters training for important bouts.

His first pro fight listed on Boxrec took place in 1902, but a newspaper from 1902, on his then-upcoming fight with Jack Fogarty, lists five earlier fights he won in Australia, and a further two that took place in California. Overall, his boxing record was 65 wins, 16 losses, and 12 draws.

On December 31, 1908, in Paris, he competed in a mixed-style bout against jujutsu expert Tano Matsuda, knocking him out in ten seconds.

On April 17, 1909, in Paris, he fought Joe Jeanette in a bout considered one of the greatest and certainly one of the longest of the 20th century. The fight went 50 rounds and lasted three and a half hours. By the 40th round, however, Jeanette had recovered while he was lagging and knocked down repeatedly. His eyes had swollen shut and he was forced to quit.

In 1912, he was one of the contenders for the World Colored Heavyweight Championship fought at various venues across Australia.

He contracted pneumonia and died in New York City, penniless while still an active fighter. His burial and grave marker were paid for by Jack Johnson. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[arlettepchavez22]

Ansel Adams- artist research post

Ansel Adams was born February 20th, 1902- April 22, 1984. He was a photographer and environmentalist. He was known for his black and white photos of landscapes of California. He had his first one-man exhibition in 1928 at the San Francisco’s headquarters club. One of his most popular photos named “Monolith, the Face of Half Dome” is the photo that launched his photography career. This photo was taken in April 10th, 1927. He took this photo on his hike in Yosemite national park.

In this photograph you can see how he captured the beauty of nature and this iconic place in Yosemite. Him having this photo in black and white really brings out the whites and blacks of this photo. I think this picture is really pleasing to look at. The way that he composed this shot is well-composed. You can either chose from looking first from the left to right or right to left. But the main attraction is the dome.

https://www.anseladams.com/ansel-adams-bio/

https://www.anseladams.com/new-modern-replica-monolith-face-half-dome/