#anti ml wiki

[plumsaffron]

Observing the extremely biased Lila page on that ml wiki.

Just shows how many of them have divine levels of tunnel vision.

They are usually absolutely moronic. Same goes for the page editors.

No, it’s not the only page.

Regardless, they should rewatch everything not featuring her so they can think exclusively of their twisted herocentric protagonistic morality has corroded them.

And other trites around them to a point or cycle of low to no escape

[web-novel-polls]

Trans WN Character Tournament

Last Checked: November 28th, 2024 - Please check the original post for updates

Submissions End: TBD

Rules: 

The character must be from a web novel or an adaptation of a WN (common adaptations like manhwa/manhua may be accepted, just within reason)

They don't have to be canonically transgender. The reasoning can be anything from them explicitly wanting to be a different gender/sex or just vibes 

Just stay away from offensive gender stereotypes in propaganda, especially Western gender stereotypes on Asian characters (Ex: Nie Huaisang being more interested in art and fans than fighting might be a more "feminine trait" to Western readers, but Chinese fans have explained that it actually fits with the male scholars of the time period). 

You can still submit any character, but remember to be respectful & conscientious

Tournament Tag: #trans wn character tournament

Jang Hayoung / Jang Hayeong from Omniscient Reader's Viewpoint

Gender Identity: Transfem / MTF

Canon Pronouns: she/her (she gets misgendered for a big part of the novel in the unofficial english translation, but when we're in her pov it's she/her)

Submission 2: a woman that got isekai'd into a boy body. learns female swordsmanship, is always correcting people about her gender

Submission 3: She's so fun and silly, unfortunately doesnt get as much time in novel as the main cast, but shes genuinely so funny

Wiki Link

Ling Fengxiao from The #1 Pretty Boy of the Immortal Path

Gender Identity: transfem & nonbinary

Submission:

(tw: transphobia)  i am not claiming that this a good novel by any means & this is kind of nonsense but hear me out: main romance lead of this novel spends like 90% of the time happily presenting as a woman, and this is a vague spoiler but at one point mc and his wife are both "pretending" to be women (ngl i could also submit mc here. much gender to be had but it really has to be unintentional bc of later transphobic plot points) and come across a plant that only blooms valuable flowers when attended to by two beautiful women (ok. whatever) and they're both like "well IM pretending to be a woman but lin shu/ling fengxiao ISNT so she'll carry me across this finish line" and it does bloom! like, it does! the author is like "ohhhh its sickly and this is forcedddd" <- but it does bloom. and the flower spirit that comes of it is fairly explicitly a trans woman, even if she's an object of ridicule. my grasping at scraps theory here is that all of the "you're actually a boy. accept it" said to the spirit is a projection of internalized transphobia. there are three women here but only one of them is willing to say so. if the author was willing to write where the previous characterization led we would have a different story. 

Luo Binghe from The Scum Villain’s Self-Saving System

Gender Identity: Transfem / MTF

Canon Pronouns/Gender: He/Him, Male

Submission: Scum Villain is a satirical transmigration novel where the protagonist transmigrates into the in-universe novel Proud Immortal Demon Way, which is a male-fantasy novel. Some themes/topics include toxic masculinity, not putting people in boxes and the harm thereof, abandonment, motherhood, identity, and there are several instamces of body snatching/changing. During the plot, due to both the toxic masculinity themes and the author poking at gendering in danmei novels, both the protagonist and binghe are described very femininely. Instead of a usually anti-toxic masculinity plotline where instead it talks about healthy masculinity, scum villain basically just says that the mc and ml should instead stop repressing their natural feminity so they can be happy. Also the novel has transphobic parts but somehow they even wrap around to implying that these two are trans women. Binghe is indirectly described as a trans woman (in a transphobic way) dont get me wrong the transphobic parts are transphobic and shouldnt be in there but its still pertinent. After a certain point, binghe is constantly called maiden-hearted, described as a younger sister reaching out to her elder sister pleading for help (the elder sister here is the protagonist) and is described as being very much like his biological mother in appearance and personality, and as a pretty boy. (His mother su xiyan is described as having the aura of a tyrant, cold and ruthless, as well as masculine, especially in comparison to his biological father, who is described as the runaway young miss in comprison to su xiyans wealthy young master. Also binghe is described as physically similar to her, including her tall height, except for his fathers eyes which makes him not too feminine.) Binghes bio father is described as maidenhearted like binghe. Uses his special blood, which is compared to menstration, in text, for many purposes. When asked his gender he refuses to answer (intext the unreliable narrator says that its due to it being a simple and obvious question but unreliable narrator so who knows for sure) and he is also called bingmei, or younger sister binghe to distingiush him from the original timelines toxically masculine, unhappy bingge, or elder brother binghe.

Wiki Link

Mui Lysander from Unlucky Clover

Canon Pronouns: they/them

Submission: Mui is a canonically nonbinary character in Unlucky Clover. Their existence as a nonbinary person is never a focus of the narrative, but rather just an accepted fact about them. They have a complicated relationship with their family but it doesn't have anything to do with being trans but rather to do with their family having unreasonable expectations of them. Mui lives their life happily as a librarian and lends their strength either in defense of books or for their friends. They appear to be feminine presenting but it is never established what their assigned gender at birth was. It is also unclear whether they always present in a feminine way as there is limited art of their character and limited descriptions of their clothes. 

Image Link

Nirvana Moebius from Omniscient Reader’s Viewpoint / ORV

Gender Identity: Nonbinary, agender

Canon: pronouns indifferent in canon, agender

Submission Propaganda: a reincarnator that had incarnations of so many genders and entities that identity isn't real to them anymore. 

Ruan Nanzhu (阮南烛) from Kaleidoscope of Death

Gender Identity: transfem & nonbinary

Canon Pronouns: he/him outside of the doors, she/her in drag

Submission: 

This might be considered spoiler-y, but I can't think of another way to bring up important details here. It's part of the premise of the novel if that helps: there are other worlds that the protagonists have to survive for [REDACTED] reasons, and in these worlds there's a certain amount of identity obfuscation—basically, you'll look a little different from your real appearance no matter what you do, but the way that you dress will also affect the appearance that you end up with. Ruan Nanzhu takes every opportunity to dress in feminine ways when they go to these worlds. Yes, there is a secret identity reason behind it, but there's also this clear difference in how Ruan Nanzhu acts as a "man" and a "woman" that it just reads like a form of gender euphoria to me. The novel itself isn't always kind about it (could be that it just depends on the translation you're reading! I couldn't tell you what connotations the original Chinese wording has) but I think it's fairly undeniable that it's a freeing experience for her. So it's not exaaactly canon, but Lin Qiushi (林秋石) uses the right pronouns out loud and in his thoughts as it is signalled to him at the time, so that's nice.

Carrd Link

Shen Qingqiu from The Scum Villain’s Self-Saving System

Gender Identity: transmasc / FTM

Canon Pronouns: he/him

Submission:

he invented xianxia panty liners also he was literally obsessed with a stallion novel that was supposed to be like. be a power fantasy about a cool strong man. I'm not saying he liked pidw I'm just saying he did make the choice to read a stallion novel and was obsessed with Luo Binghe. Sometimes gay thoughts can also be gender envy. SVSSS also looks a lot at like. masculinity and its performance and perception in a way that really slaps if you, like me, think Shen Qingqiu is the Worstest trans guy ever of all time. I'd like to be clear that he is not good representation. He is literally the most dogshit rep. He's homophobic and gay hes transphobic and trans hes the most insufferable trans person youve ever met. He's probably definitely a transmed. Instead of medical transition, sqq got that transmigration transition, and he is absolutely has a weird ass superiority complex about it. also he's a TRANSmigrator its literally right there in the name. Do u see my vision.

Shi Qingxuan from Heaven Official’s Blessing / TGCF

Gender Identity: Transfem / MTF, Nonbinary, Genderfluid

Canon Pronouns: She/Her and He/Him

Submission 1: Canonically switches between female and male forms due to personal preference. Also theres alot of gothic doubling on her plotline as well. 

Submission 2: 

Genderfluid rep Goes by any pronouns depending on form

Trissy from Lord of the Mysteries

Gender Identity: Transfem / MTF

Submission: #1 canon trans character (her class of powers forcefems the user) and war criminal she’s my beautiful blorbo and can do no wrong she should be allowed to kill anyone she wants

Wiki Link

Wu Xie from Lord Seventh (Qi Ye)

Canon Pronouns: he/him

Gender Identity: Transmasc / FTM

Submission: I just think he's neat

Xie Lian from Heaven Official’s Blessing / TGCF

Canon Pronouns: he/him

Gender Identity: Transmasc / FTM 

Submission: He's been trans in my head for so long that it's just kind of part of his character now. 

Yoo Joonghyuk (The Punisher) from Omniscient Reader’s Viewpoint

Canon Pronouns: he/him

Gender Identity: Transfem / MTF

Submission 1: 

1. inexplicably fights with the strictly girl-only sword fighting technique. is the only 'guy' to ever learn it and the only other person who is a discipline is a canon trans girl so 2. has an ability where he can become a woman and when he uses it it's said 'it was still Yoo Joonghyuk. No, it was even more than before' ??? there's no cis explanation for that. also he's canonically the hottest person in the entire universe as a woman based on MC's attractiveness rating 2.5 described as feeling 'conflicted' over the gender changing thing when thinking back on it. I THINK he's conflicted bc he likeeeeed ittt 3. whole arc is about breaking free from her chains and gaining autonomy over her own life and story despite what other people think she should be (trans narrative) 4. there's a binary in the universe (incarnation/constellation) to which everyone is forced to confirm to, but there's a special category of people who refuse to be a part of this and carve their own path in life (transcenders). guess what Yoo Joonghyuk is. thats all i remember shjfjsk she's just in general VERY transfem coded story wise 

Submission 2: his girlification canonically allows him to access a level of power he can't as a man (this form is called The Punisher). brokers a deal at one point where he must undergo transformation into a girl for a certain amount of time every day for a week. goes out of this way to hide said girlification from the main character (Kim Dokja)

Wiki Link

Rejected

Nimona from Nimona

Reason: Not from a web novel

Honeypaw from The Exiled

Reason: Not from a web novel (fancomic)

[jacquesthepigeon]

Was briefly possessed by the anti serhat spirit, not in hating him, but rather in being tempted to do the opposite of spreading the truth about ML by going on a ML wiki vandalizing spree

[iwasbored777]

"Y'all I'm so sorry for ever complaining about synopsis cuz I just remembered the other day when I looked at Catalyst Wiki for that Lila analysis I ran into these synopsis that tells you Marinette's lie cause a catastrophy as if I just didn't watch the clip where Lila got akumatized..." Proof#255566 that ML episodes' synopses are written by bunch of Marinette antis

Catalyst synopsis:

Chat Blanc synopsis:

Gabriel Agreste synopsis:

Risk synopsis:

Miracle Queen synopsis:

Also Kuro Neko trailer y'all remember that sh*t?! The episode was totally different!!! I wasn't even happy that Marinette wasn't a cannibal like here in the trailer when I watched the episode, I was more angry wondering when tf will they grow up and make normal teasers without blaming Marinette for everything!!!

These are only the ones I know but they are all "MARINETTE DID IT BURN HER" especially Kuro Neko, I hate it and literally everything is a lie except for Gabriel Agreste, but in these first synopsis they didn't specify it's to save Adrien's butt, just to break into his house and I remember the backlash. Also did Marinette cause the catastrophy herself in Miracle Queen or did Chloé willingly join a terrorist? But her they only blame Marinette. They always blame Marinette in synopsis cuz I assume that's easier than actually explaining the plot of the episode as it is. This way only Marinette stans suffer which isn't that bad cuz there isn't a lot of them after you kicked most of them out with this.

Who writes/makes this sh*t and what's their address? I just wanna talk.

[secondary-burial]

Herbalism series, part 3: Chamomile

Matricaria Recutita

Gender: Masculine

Element: Water

Planetary Ruler: Sun

Zodiac Sign: Leo

Deity: various Sun Gods, including Ra, Cernunnos or Lugh

Scientific description

Matricaria chamomilla is a member of the Asteraceae family, native to southern and eastern Europe. Today the plant can be found on all continents. It has a branched, erect, and smooth stem, which grows to a height of 15–60 cm (6–23.5 in). The long and narrow leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate. The flowers are borne in paniculate flower heads (capitula). The white ray florets are furnished with a ligule, while the disc florets are yellow. The hollow receptacle is swollen and lacks scales. This property distinguishes German chamomile from corn chamomile (Anthemis arvensis), which has a receptacle with scales.

Collecting

When: June to September

What: flowers, flower buds, leaves - only those that are fully opened

Where: fields, roadsides, sandy soil with low calcium content

Medicinal Use

alleviates pain, lowers fevers

has a soothing, calming effect and promotes restful sleep

helps with stomach and intestinal cramps

Chamomile is safe for young children and nurslings.

It is most often used in the form of an infusion. For an anti-stress tea, steep a teaspoon of chamomile in 250 ml (8 oz.) of water for ten minutes and drink up to three times a day. Works wonderfully taken about an hour to half an hour before bed.

You can also make your own chamomile oil. This little treasure can be used in ritual - or day-to-day, really - baths or to treat small scratches and bumps.

To make such an oil, place fresh flowers into a sterile jar and cover them in a carrier oil of your choosing (eg. almond, grapeseed, olive, or even sunflower). Allow to steep on a sunny windowsill. Gently shake the jar every day and in about a month, you can strain the oil into another vessel. Make sure the flowers are fully covered in the oil, otherwise your oil might develop mold!

Magical Use

sprinkle chamomile around your property to remove curses and spells cast against you

add chamomile infusion to a ritual bath to attract love and to purify

if you like playing poker, wash your hands in an infusion to ensure winnings

Culinary Use

chamomile “wine,” syrups, lemonade

Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matricaria_chamomilla

https://kitchenoflion.com/2019/07/10/make-your-own-chamomile-oil/

Bednářová, Jaroslava. Herbář, aneb, Od anděliky k žindavě. V Praze: Fortuna Libri, 2015. Print.

Němec, Radomír, Ivana Paukertová, and Martin Valášek. Divoký zelinář, aneb, Plané rostliny jako jídlo, koření i lék. Znojmo: Jihomoravské muzeum ve Znojmě, příspěvková organizace, 2019. Print.

Dreyer, Eva-Maria, and Wolfgang Dreyer. Bylinky, plody a houby: jak je rozeznat, sbírat a jíst. Víkend, 2010. Print.

Dugas, and Nejezchlebová. Babiččiny nové bylinky. Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2016. Print.

Cunningham, Scott. Cunningham’s Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs. Llewellyn Publications, 1985.

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Machine learning's crumbling foundations

Technological debt is insidious, a kind of socio-infrastructural subprime crisis that’s unfolding around us in slow motion. Our digital infrastructure is built atop layers and layers and layers of code that’s insecure due to a combination of bad practices and bad frameworks.

Even people who write secure code import insecure libraries, or plug it into insecure authorization systems or databases. Like asbestos in the walls, this cruft has been fragmenting, drifting into our air a crumb at a time.

We ignored these, treating them as containable, little breaches and now the walls are rupturing and choking clouds of toxic waste are everywhere.

https://pluralistic.net/2021/07/27/gas-on-the-fire/#a-safe-place-for-dangerous-ideas

The infosec apocalypse was decades in the making. The machine learning apocalypse, on the other hand…

ML has serious, institutional problems, the kind of thing you’d expect in a nascent discipline, which you’d hope would be worked out before it went into wide deployment.

ML is rife with all forms of statistical malpractice — AND it’s being used for high-speed, high-stakes automated classification and decision-making, as if it was a proven science whose professional ethos had the sober gravitas you’d expect from, say, civil engineering.

Civil engineers spend a lot of time making sure the buildings and bridges they design don’t kill the people who use them. Machine learning?

Hundreds of ML teams built models to automate covid detection, and every single one was useless or worse.

https://pluralistic.net/2021/08/02/autoquack/#gigo

The ML models failed due to failure to observe basic statistical rigor. One common failure mode?

Treating data that was known to be of poor quality as if it was reliable because good data was not available.

Obtaining good data and/or cleaning up bad data is tedious, repetitive grunt-work. It’s unglamorous, time-consuming, and low-waged. Cleaning data is the equivalent of sterilizing surgical implements — vital, high-skilled, and invisible unless someone fails to do it.

It’s work performed by anonymous, low-waged adjuncts to the surgeon, who is the star of the show and who gets credit for the success of the operation.

The title of a Google Research team (Nithya Sambasivan et al) paper published in ACM CHI beautifully summarizes how this is playing out in ML: “Everyone wants to do the model work, not the data work: Data Cascades in High-Stakes AI,”

https://storage.googleapis.com/pub-tools-public-publication-data/pdf/0d556e45afc54afeb2eb6b51a9bc1827b9961ff4.pdf

The paper analyzes ML failures from a cross-section of high-stakes projects (health diagnostics, anti-poaching, etc) in East Africa, West Africa and India. They trace the failures of these projects to data-quality, and drill into the factors that caused the data problems.

The failures stem from a variety of causes. First, data-gathering and cleaning are low-waged, invisible, and thankless work. Front-line workers who produce the data — like medical professionals who have to do extra data-entry — are not compensated for extra work.

Often, no one even bothers to explain what the work is for. Some of the data-cleaning workers are atomized pieceworkers, such as those who work for Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, who lack both the context in which the data was gathered and the context for how it will be used.

This data is passed to model-builders, who lack related domain expertise. The hastily labeled X-ray of a broken bone, annotated by an unregarded and overworked radiologist, is passed onto a data-scientist who knows nothing about broken bones and can’t assess the labels.

This is an age-old problem in automation, pre-dating computer science and even computers. The “scientific management” craze that started in the 1880s saw technicians observing skilled workers with stopwatches and clipboards, then restructuring the workers’ jobs by fiat.

Rather than engaging in the anthropological work that Clifford Geertz called “thick description,” the management “scientists” discarded workers’ qualitative experience, then treated their own assessments as quantitative and thus empirical.

http://hypergeertz.jku.at/GeertzTexts/Thick_Description.htm

How long a task takes is empirical, but what you call a “task” is subjective. Computer scientists take quantitative measurements, but decide what to measure on the basis of subjective judgment. This empiricism-washing sleight of hand is endemic to ML’s claims of neutrality.

In the early 2000s, there was a movement to produce tools and training that would let domain experts produce their own tools — rather than delivering “requirements” to a programmer, a bookstore clerk or nurse or librarian could just make their own tools using Visual Basic.

This was the radical humanist version of “learn to code” — a call to seize the means of computation and program, rather than being programmed. Over time, it was watered down, and today it lives on as a weak call for domain experts to be included in production.

The disdain for the qualitative expertise of domain experts who produce data is a well-understood guilty secret within ML circles, embodied in Frederick Jelinek’s ironic talk, “Every time I fire a linguist, the performance of the speech recognizer goes up.”

But a thick understanding of context is vital to improving data-quality. Take the American “voting wars,” where GOP-affiliated vendors are brought in to purge voting rolls of duplicate entries — people who are registered to vote in more than one place.

These tools have a 99% false-positive rate.

Ninety. Nine. Percent.

To understand how they go so terribly wrong, you need a thick understanding of the context in which the data they analyze is produced.

https://5harad.com/papers/1p1v.pdf

The core assumption of these tools is that two people with the same name and date of birth are probably the same person.

But guess what month people named “June” are likely to be born in? Guess what birthday is shared by many people named “Noel” or “Carol”?

Many states represent unknown birthdays as “January 1,” or “January 1, 1901.” If you find someone on a voter roll whose birthday is represented as 1/1, you have no idea what their birthday is, and they almost certainly don’t share a birthday with other 1/1s.

But false positives aren’t evenly distributed. Ethnic groups whose surnames were assigned in recent history for tax-collection purposes (Ashkenazi Jews, Han Chinese, Koreans, etc) have a relatively small pool of surnames and a slightly larger pool of first names.

This is likewise true of the descendants of colonized and enslaved people, whose surnames were assigned to them for administrative purposes and see a high degree of overlap. When you see two voter rolls with a Juan Gomez born on Jan 1, you need to apply thick analysis.

Unless, of course, you don’t care about purging the people who are most likely to face structural impediments to voter registration (such as no local DMV office) and who are also likely to be racialized (for example, migrants whose names were changed at Ellis Island).

ML practitioners don’t merely use poor quality data when good quality data isn’t available — they also use the poor quality data to assess the resulting models. When you train an ML model, you hold back some of the training data for assessment purposes.

So maybe you start with 10,000 eye scans labeled for the presence of eye disease. You train your model with 9,000 scans and then ask the model to assess the remaining 1,000 scans to see whether it can make accurate classifications.

But if the data is no good, the assessment is also no good. As the paper’s authors put it, it’s important to “catch[] data errors using mechanisms specific to data validation, instead of using model performance as a proxy for data quality.”

ML practitioners studied for the paper — practitioners engaged in “high-stakes” model building reported that they had to gather their own data for their models through field partners, “a task which many admitted to being unprepared for.”

High-stakes ML work has inherited a host of sloppy practices from ad-tech, where ML saw its first boom. Ad-tech aims for “70–75% accuracy.”

That may be fine if you’re deciding whether to show someone an ad, but it’s a very different matter if you’re deciding whether someone needs treatment for an eye-disease that, untreated, will result in irreversible total blindness.

Even when models are useful at classifying input produced under present-day lab conditions, those conditions are subject to several kinds of “drift.”

For example, “hardware drift,” where models trained on images from pristine new cameras are asked to assess images produced by cameras from field clinics, where lenses are impossible to keep clean (see also “environmental drift” and “human drift”).

Bad data makes bad models. Bad models instruct people to make ineffective or harmful interventions. Those bad interventions produce more bad data, which is fed into more bad models — it’s a “data-cascade.”

GIGO — Garbage In, Garbage Out — was already a bedrock of statistical practice before the term was coined in 1957. Statistical analysis and inference cannot proceed from bad data.

Producing good data and validating data-sets are the kind of unsexy, undercompensated maintenance work that all infrastructure requires — and, as with other kinds of infrastructure, it is undervalued by journals, academic departments, funders, corporations and governments.

But all technological debts accrue punitive interest. The decision to operate on bad data because good data is in short supply isn’t like looking for your car-keys under the lamp-post — it’s like driving with untrustworthy brakes and a dirty windscreen.

Image: Seydelmann (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GW300_1.jpg

CC BY-SA: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Cryteria (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HAL9000.svg

CC BY: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

[emsylcatac]

Hey, I wanted to hear your pov on this because I've heard it being brought up many times by people. Do you view Zoe as a Mary Sue? Because to my knowledge, a Mary Sue is someone who has no struggles or flaws, but Zoe's intro ep showed that she was a liar who attempted to please everyone and was exhausted by constantly acting

Heya  😊

So before joining the fandom I wasn't familiar with what a Mary Sue was, and I learned that kinda as I went. But from my understanding of it, there are more factors that come into play regarding Mary Sues and they're not necessarily just a character without flaws or struggles! The French wikipedia page was explaining it pretty well imo but I don't find the English one as thorough on the subject weirdly enough (usually its the opposite), I'll translate some of the main points I read in the French at the end of the answer under a "read more"!

Regarding Zoé I don't consider her much a Mary Sue but I consider more that the introduction of her character went really fast because they wanted to brooch a lot of aspects of her character in only 2 episodes. By that I mean that it seemed that they had all this backstory and personality for her that they wanted us to discover in only her introduction. And I think that's probably what make people consider her a Mary-Sue? If we had followed her journey pre-her arrival in Paris, and if her struggles on finding what she really wants to be and who she really is wasn't all packed in one episode but expended on all the season, I think people would have reacted differently to her.

I personally consider it more as ML wanting to give insight on this new character so she doesn't totally look like she comes out of nowhere but being a little clumsy about it. For most secondary characters, we got to learn more on them on a "special" episode where they become heroes, but we had already peaked at their personality before while for Zoé it happened all at once. So yeah I don't think she's a Mary Sue but more that since the main plot doesn't revolve around her, they didn't want to spend more time on developing her character throughout the season if that makes sense?

Hope I was clear! 😄 and as I mentioned earlier some quick translations from main "Mary Sue" traits I read in the French wiki:

Having traits very similar to the author's (not the case for Zoé here lol 😂)

Having only qualities and strength, or having flaws and weaknesses shown in a positive light to generate sympathy from the audience

Having an exceptional & strong sense of moral justice especially for the universe they're in

Having divine or just as well skills allowing them to always defeat their enemies, succeed in whatever they undertake, always having a positive influence in their universe, etc.

Always being right or presented by the author as always being right

Winning over without effort the admiration and support of the other important characters

Having a superior or spectacular destiny

They also mention other types of Mary-Sue that I won't develop because I'm lazy such as the "angsty sue", the "anti sue" and the "villain sue" (I guess you can probably look them up for more details on google? I haven't checked the results in English though)

In that regard my guess is that what made people interpret Zoé as a Mary Sue is that:

we're told she has struggles but we don't see her struggling more than an episode until it's solved

she instantly has the support of Marinette and soon therefore of the rest of her friends

her flaws of being mean to everyone at first are explained by a "tragic backstory" of having been bullied at school and not being appreciated by her family, or trying to prove herself to her sister, hence gaining the sympathy of the audience

being nice and morally better than Chloé, and getting a miraculous right away

she has struggles a bit similar to Adrien's yet solves them in 2 episodes while Adrien hasn't solved his yet for 4 seasons

Anyway these are just some of my guesses but again to me it's less her being a Mary Sue and more the character being introduced real fast and the writing not supposing to spend more time on developing these aspects and her struggles as it's not what ML's main plot is about!

[walks-the-ages]

Another question for Maribat is .... Why the fuck is Dami/en an upgrade from Adrien?!?

According to his wiki page he is quite literally a cold-blooded serial killer that tried to kill (one of the) Robin(s) because he was jealous of Batman being nice to him, and literally goes around beating people to death and murdering people.

Also, why is the fandom SO OBSESSED with shipping Marinette with the children of billionaires, let alone creepy manipulative abusive ones?????

Oh wait. It's internalized classism.

Like. Luka, a canon love interest, who is kind and loving and puts her happiness above his own, is RIGHT THERE. But I guess because he lives in a boat and isn't a millionaire, he's not 'good enough' for Marinette, she "deserves better" aka, she "deserves to be rich" or whatever.

As if Marinette wouldn't donate any lavish gifts given to her to charities and actually use the wealth her bf/spouse (because these fics are inevitably aged up, because people can't write creatively) throws around like it's nothing for actual good causes

Personal Opinion:

I don't like "Class Salt" or "Alya Salt" like... at all. I see it as uncessesary and overly mean spirited even for me, it's just people writing revenge porn and projecting into Marinette.

I was never mad at the class over how they acted in "Chameleon", I was more mad at Lila's existence and the writers for making everyone stupid just for the sake or trying (and failing) to make Lila seem like a skilled manipulator.

[badmousestuff-blog]

Unheard Voices of WANA

PragerU: The most persecuted population in the world are Christians

Prager U is correct.

SUBSCRIBERS: 0

Ok, jokes aside, this is a serious topic, I hope you watch till the end.

Last month CPGB-ML released this reactionary article, it’s been a common trend of their online presence and really stinks, but then I also remind myself I am in a left that is no longer respectful of these vulgar, outdated gestures, and the left of today truly is a very progressive bunch. We fight for the rights of gendered minorities, stand with people at the forefront of racial oppression, far outside simply the economic realms. They say that oppressions align, and when you look at the left of today, you really see that.

But as time goes on, there can be a tendency for our viewpoints to become clouded with a prevailing dogma.

This is a video about one of them.

This is West Asia [or “the Middle East”] and North Africa, a region collectively termed WANA or MENA, it is home to many different ethnicities that are not of Arab Origin. Some you know, some you don’t. Within here are numerous ethno-religious minorities. Assyrian Christians, Coptic Christians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, just to name a few.

2 years ago, Caabu did a study to find out the nature of racial profiling in the UK. Only 1% of respondents listed the Middle East as being linked with Christianity.

Image:https://i.imgur.com/JHYsKPj.png

Source:https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/racial-profiling-british-people-muslims-arabs-support-security-anti-terrorism-attacks-survey-caabu-a7966666.html

The on the ground reality is that millions of Christians live and breathe in the Crescent, it is after all the birthplace of the Yahweh religion.

Contrary to the very bland, pastiche Christianity that tends to fill the Western temples, Christianity in the WANA is distinctive in being very diverse. To the followers, the faith is particularly sacred and, in many times, a physical part of their identity, in a similar way to how Irish Catholicism in the north might be.

Images to use:

http://www.just-images.com/media/k2/items/cache/768cfd00cdf8b0455e0493699392583d_XL.jpg?t=-62169984000

There are maybe somewhere around 16 million Christians in West Asia, a number that has been gradually decreasing throughout the 20thcentury, and largely this is due to a considerable amount of persecution and repression, including genocide, and within all this, they have very little access to representation.

Source:https://harpers.org/archive/2018/12/the-vanishing-christians-in-iraq-syria-egypt/

Which to PragerU’s credit, they’re right, when we’re talking about religious minorities, Christians are one of the most highly persecuted. But I know that these people are being insincere here. Dennis and his entourage represent, or at least promote, is what could only be described as the white man’s Christianity, the collective Western tradition of Imperial, Crusading, Nation conquering religion of Manifest Destiny and Got Miht Us [what is this? Couldn’t find anything on google]. Malcolm X was not wrong when hecalled Christianity a white man’s religion - that was all he could see at the time. And all of these people’s religious conceptions would appear highly unorthodox if they were to ever go and visit these groups.

Yet how often is it that you see right-wing commentators and outlets picking up on Christian oppression in the global south to regurgitate their hatred and vitriol and encourage further discrimination against Muslims in the west [Show following tweets]:

https://twitter.com/PrisonPlanet/status/953302360637493248

https://twitter.com/KTHopkins/status/1058426287948218368

https://twitter.com/StefanMolyneux/status/993593881341059072

Just a quick search on Breitbart, and you’ll see how many times they’ve covered the plight of Assyrians and Copts alike [show screenshots]:

https://i.imgur.com/VM3DnAg.png

https://i.imgur.com/CMi3eyo.png

And when right-wingers do resort to the lowest of the low of arguments (whataboutism) in order to get their points across, the Left responds in a very appropriate and effective manner… (gurning)

“What about the crusades?”

I can’t be the only one thinking this…

There’s a contradiction here that we need to talk about.

On the one hand, we’re advocates of intersectionality and dynamics of oppression, looking out for the nuances of thought and removing ourselves from binary choices and assumptions. But on the other, we can’t help getting away from very Euro-centric conceptions of various topics. In other words, we do choose binaries here.

Christian = Oppressor

Muslim =  Victim

Many Western leftists tend to look at religion through this lens. They incorrectly view Christianity as a global oppressor, completely overlooking the many cases where this isn’t the case and thus ignoring many groups who are severely marginalized, particularly when it comes to some indigenous groups like Assyrians and Copts.

When discourse gets going, it picks up like a steamroller. And after a while, we forget about the fact that we’re just regurgitating a dogma.

For us, “Islamophobia is racism” might be fine to say, because we realize that in Western society, Islam is heavily racialized and so those that may “look Muslim” are also targeted. But often, expressing this to a WANA Christian can rightly come off as reductionist, especially when that’s the few times they’re given attention here in the West. Add this onto the fact that when WANA Christians want to speak up about their oppression, they’re often accused of being racist themselves, along with other accusations of bad faith.

how the criticism and mentioning of muslim persecution towards christians [?] is all seen as islamophobia = racism which to them is fine but to us its scrutiny - the wording of the first line

Just as Islam has largely been racialized in the west, the same formula applies to Muslim majority nations regarding how Christianity is viewed. When attacks are caused in the west by Islamists, Muslims in the area are rightly quite terrified and anxious about upcoming reprisals that might be made against them. We do not, however, see why an attack from a White Supremacist against Muslims would also result in a similar effect to Christians in the East. Even though Religion might not even be uttered in these atrocities, Anti-West rhetoric has been heating up over the last 70 years, and with it the false assumption that Christianity is intrinsically Western. The result has been the demonization of WANA Christians as 5thcolumns to western Imperialism.

The effects of the Left’s lack of vigour can be observed. quite harshly.

Assyrian Christians are one of those ethno religious minorities indigenous to the region and have faced over a century of persecution and genocide.

Many of us know about the Armenian genocide of 1915 by the Ottomans – which is still denied by Turkey today, and still not recognized in the UK and US . But what many of us don’t know is that at least 300,000 Assyrians were also victims, alongside the Armenians.

·         Images:https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/5ff06342-7a14-4ce6-89d2-c59a04deb676.jpg

A book that discusses the 1915 Assyrian genocide in detail is Year of the Swordby Joseph Yacoub:https://global.oup.com/academic/covers/pop-up/9780190633462

In 1933, in the village of Simele in Iraq, after waves of anti-Assyrian propaganda, the Iraqi Army slaughtered 6,000 Assyrians and decimated over 60 villages.

Image: https://i0.wp.com/www.nationalreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/simele-massacre-survivors.jpg?resize=789%2C460&ssl=1

Sources:

https://medium.com/@DeadmanMax/the-simele-massacre-in-iraq-a-legacy-of-trauma-and-british-neglect-ae21d96afe4d

https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/simele-massacre-1933-assyrian-victims-still-seek-justice/

Both the atrocities of 1915 and the Simele Massacre in 1933 is what prompted Polish lawyer Raphael Lemkin to later coin the word ‘genocide’.

Image of Lemkin:https://www.ushmm.org/m/img/2453436-700x468.jpg

After the assassination of Iraqi Prime Minister Abdul al-Karim Qasim (KASIM) in 1963, the following decades saw the rise of Saddam Hussein and his Baath Party in Iraq, and what came with it was a new wave of violent anti-Communism. Many communists were killed and imprisoned, effectively culling the Iraqi Communist Party – of which a sizable percentage at the time were Assyrian.  In fact, the party’s first secretary was an Assyrian named Yusuf Salman Yusuf, who was found hung over a decade prior, on 14thFebruary 1949.

Image of Qasim:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Karim_Qasim

Image of Yusuf:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Salman_Yusuf

Source:https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/alexander-a/2008/xx/iraqcp.html

With this, and general increasing repression towards their identity, thousands of Assyrians fled the country between the 60s and 70s.

The most recent mass exodus was from the Iraq War. In 2003, there were around 1.5 million Assyrian Christians in Iraq. That number is now less than 275,000. It was only five years ago [2014] that IS committed a genocide. Christian homes were marked with the Arabic letter “N” [show image] for Nazarene, to denote Christians, followers of Jesus of Nazareth.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/for-christians-symbol-of-mideast-oppression-becomes-source-of-solidarity/

The population of Assyrians is now between 2 - 4 million, with most of them in the diaspora. There are half a million across Europe, Australia and Canada, and around 400,000 in the US.

https://unpo.org/members/7859

The lack of vigour in the west to understand their plight and the plight of other minorities can be felt severely.

A large portion of the diaspora in the US were supportive of Donald Trump during the 2016 election, a politician who appears to be completely against their interests, the very group that would be the first on the pecking order of deportation. And in due course, that is what the reality has been for them, now after putting in their pledge to live and work, they are now thrown asunder and betrayed by whom they thought they could trust.

Yet just as the opportunity might arise for a show of solidarity, left wingers from across the spectrum were largely silent, and many liberals even said they deserved to get deported, effectively defending their genocide. Did anyone even think about asking their story?

[show initial tweet, and responses to it]

https://twitter.com/VivianHYee/status/882599546244747264

and the comments here:

[show article, then the comments]

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/27/detroit-judge-halts-deportations-of-more-than-1400-iraqi-nationals-nationwide/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.46e259345883#comments

https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/09/michigans-iraqi-chaldean-community-is-fighting-to-protect-dozens-of-people-from-deportation.html

We [western leftists and liberals] further egg on this anti-Christian backlash in the way we discuss these topics via previously mentioned binaries. For instance, take a look at the travel ban. Eventually, it hurt everyone in the region, regardless of its initial intent to target Muslims. Liberals, instead of taking on a general anti-xenophobic stance, instead increased anti-Christian sentiment by mocking the insertment of preferences towards Christians (which again, never materialized). Take a look at the way that John Oliver and Stephen Colbert discussed the travel ban, for example. And while trying to mock Republican politicians, Colbert inadvertently mocked Syriac patriarchs and made off-handed comments about them and their language.

“While his administrationhas reducedMuslim refugee arrivals 93 percent compared to the final months of the Obama administration, it has still slashed Christian refugees 64 percent. He has also cut Syrian Christian refugee arrivals by 94 percent and those from Iraq by 99 percent. He has admitted just 20 Syrian Christians in all of Fiscal Year 2018.”

Source:https://www.cato.org/blog/trump-has-cut-christian-refugees-64-muslim-refugees-93

Source 2:https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2018/08/13/trump-admits-only-23-christian-refugees-from-mideast-in-2018/#175295838dd7

The right has been the stickler when it comes to appropriating leftist talking points, as I’ve spoken about numerous times. The EU used to be a more conservative tradition, opposed by many factions of the left including Tony Benn, but after sections of the Right-Wing discourse took it by their shoulders all the left could seem to do was go “No, EU good” in response. The EU is an undemocratic monolithic entity that controls large hegemony over the continent. This is what the left has always been against, and how we seem to have been shuffled into the Pro-EU corner to own the Right is baffling, how dare we allow them to take charge of the narrative.

Many on twitter were stunned a while back with the revelation that Alt-right youtuber Braving Ruin, formerly EdgySphinx, was of Egyptian descent, in other words he’s not white, in a movement almost entirely made up of White Nationalists this seems like a baffling contradiction. It’s not.

He’s a Copt. Another Christian minority native to Egypt that have been increasingly targeted in recent years <quickly show various screenshots of articles from NPR and others about this to prove the point>.

In November 2018, seven Copts were killed by gunmen and 19 more were wounded. “All but one of those killed were members of the same family, according to a list of the victims’ names released by the Coptic Orthodox church, which said among the dead were a boy and a girl, age 15 and 12 respectively.”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/egypt-attack-gunmen-kill-coptic-christians-bus-ambush

It was from Braving Ruin’s own testimony that we find what led him towards the right was very much so a conflict of his knowledge.

Because for all we try and ignore the issue, these groups are dying. There isn’t that convenient option for the displaced, vulnerable diaspora, coming to a place where they no longer fear being lynched. For them, when they arrive to see a Left whose only regurgitated knowledge has been Eurocentric, they gravitate towards the side that is saying “The Left hate Christianity”. While this might sound silly to you, these minorities don’t have that privilege. And when the right-wing are the only ones talking about their issues, with mostly silence or dismissal from the left, what more would you expect?

We’re not even presenting faux dramatizations of anger. We’re completely turning our back to their voices in favour of pleasing narratives.

One of those narratives that has sprung up in recent years been the conflict in Northern Syria.  There can be a good case made for Kurdish autonomy, and this is in part something that has galvanised support from Leftists in the West towards the issue. Yet it ignores that there are serious issues with the new governments and hegemonies that have taken root, going far beyond US funding.

You may have seen the images below of protests breaking out in Northern Syria against the school closures. (Show Images)

PYD authorities ordered the closure of Assyrian schools that refused to teach the DFNS-Rojava curriculum on August 7th, 2018. Members of the Assyrian security force, Sutoro, opened fire to disperse the crowds, but were overwhelmed. (Show Video)

https://www.assyrianpolicy.org/news/assyrians-in-syria-protest-pyd-s-closure-of-schools-in-qamishli

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOS5VKckUpA

Western leftists, rather than question the establishment, instead drew attention to the flags that they were holding. Those are Syrian government flags yes, but it does not mean they are fanatical supporters. In the essence of oppression, anti-Imperialism requires the use of certain representatives as a rallying cry, which is the very reason why Assad still has so much support.

https://www.assyrianpolicy.org/news/kurdish-self-administration-in-syria-release-assyrian-journalist-souleman-yusph

http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Christian-journalist,-betrayed-by-the-indifference-of-the-West-over-Syria-45312.html

Despite the oft claimed assertion of the progressive and inclusive constitution, we should know by now that on paper does not always mean in practice, actual reports from the ground level by Assyrians are skeptical to a high degree. The school protests have come after a series of attempts to impose an aggressive series of actions largely targeted at minority groups, including seizure and occupation of property, forced reparation payments, and all manner of targeting and assaults.

On paper, the MFS (Syriac Military Council) are allied with the PYD. But were you aware that the council is mostly made up of Arabs and Kurds, not Assyrians? And that the groups claimed to have been showcased as examples of Syriac-Kurdish unity are in fact on the fringes of Assyrian opinion?

In a similar situation, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq have forcibly removed mayors and are occupying Assyrian towns. Assyrians have protested consistently, to, again, little coverage or outrage on an international level.

Image:https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Assyrians-outside-the-Kurdisch-Regional-Government-office-in-Stockholm-protest-against-the-removal-of-the-Assyrian-mayor-of-Alqosh-north-Iraq-e1501247282519.jpg

Source:

http://www.aina.org/reports/erasingassyrians.pdf

We can talk romantically about the Kurds. But why should their self-determination come at the expense of Assyrians?

As Westerners we have this privilege, we can pick what we like from the orient, but ignore the darker sides of the conflict. Anti-Imperialism is a no brainer, but there can be a tendency amongst some leftists to end up ignoring how imperialism often affects the most vulnerable – indigenous and minority groups. It’s not “too complicated” to talk about this. There’s also the case of generally just needing to listen women and minorities without an immediate assumption they all have an alternative, reactionary agenda. They do have a voice, big and small, and the least we could do is respect that in line with our standards.

And we may also want to even look at our standards in how we might engage with folks who have not regretted their participation in butchery vs the coverage of the Yazidis who who have faced a very recent genocide.

There was recent discussion surrounding a British ISIS bride who was extensively interviewed by a variety of Western outlets, portraying her as a victim. Yet she had no regrets for what she did to communities ISIS subjugated via violence. Western narcissism gave this ISIS bride more coverage than to victims of genocide like Yazidis, who recently protested outside the White House [show tweet]. Again, the only coverage given to them was except from far-right outlets [show breitbart article].

https://twitter.com/Free_Yezidi/status/1106623531939438597

https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/03/19/trump-admin-yazidi-protest-outside-white-house-youre-not-forgotten/

I don’t make this video with the intention of bringing about more hatred towards Muslims, yet I can’t help but feel disheartened that this is even assumed. There arenuances we need to start to come to terms with, that will include understanding the different power and privilege dynamics outside of the West, and how that might affect the mindset of the diaspora. Some leftists say this is too complicated to discuss, but it never stopped you before.

You must be able to breach the topic of understanding both Western Islamophobia, and Islamism in the Middle East, without caving into a Western reactionary narrative or allowing right-wingers to continue to fill up the void in these discussions, which they already have done so quite successfully.

So, it’s time we as leftists take back these narratives and rectify our ignorance on the situation instead of continuing to allow the right-wing to dominate this. It’s simply not right to ignore this problem because “conservatives already talk about it”, when we know their intentions are not for the betterment of all, especially when it comes to the oppressed. We cannot grow as a movement when we are pushing so many people away.

So how can we help? The first thing would be to remove Eurocentric understandings of race and religion from our mind, to realize how dynamics work in the global south. And as with everything else, keep up with what’s going on in the region, discuss these issues with your friends, family, comrades. Use your platform to raise awareness. Reach out to and listen to these people and don’t speak over them or use them as props for ideological or partisan fighting.

It may feel good to say, “Jesus was a brown Jewish socialist from the Middle East!” as a “gotcha” to the Conservatives, but we know they don’t really care about that, and more to the point what are you doing for the Christians of the region right now?

Organize with them, declare statements of solidarity, make this a part of your activism. Let them know you’re there for them when they need it. These are marginalized, oppressed people with real, pressing concerns, and deserve more than token appreciation.

The left has brought about, in recent times, a grand spectrum of inclusivity to more oppressed groups. If it wishes to continue this line, then we must start strengthening ourselves and asking the difficult questions. There need not be any slander of groups here. 1 can be split into 2, and we must break away from our Eurocentric understanding of global geo-politics in all aspects if we are to build ourselves and our credibility to the larger world.

Like I said, its never stopped you before.

[healthandwellnessinformatio-blog]

HCG: A Quick Guide

HCG is a detection or method in conducting pregnancy to a woman. It is also use as a marker in tumor such as seminoma, germ cell tumor and other kind of tumor.

How it use

Most people were asking about HCG, first come in their minds is how to use. When using HCG, first question of the user is how to use. The good news is, most pharmaceutical company has several informative articles that can be easily be followed. And also, informative articles that easily be read incorporate you to the process of preparation, storing and do your own mixture.

Follow the doctor’s advice when administering the mixture of HCG according to some expert. Automatically, a protocol has been provided by a company to follow or if not, your health care provider will assist you.

Instruction should be followed carefully, in order to get right mixture of the HCG. At the bottom of the ampoule is a powder form that looks like an aspirin. Bacteriostatic water will instantly dissolved the powder. Usually the HCG ampoule has a 1 ml sterile saline liquid for its mixture. But take note that this saline liquid is not enough as experimental injection and should be discarded. Thus, it requires a large vial of bacteriostatic water. The bacteriostatic water can be preserved with mixed solution will last up to 6 weeks.

Important for mixing, do not mix 2 different liquids at a time. You only need a vial of 30cc of sterile liquid to dissolved the powder HCG.

Mixing preparation

Wash hand thoroughly before doing the mixture. It is very important also that environment is cleaned. Dry your hands by using paper towel.

When opening the ampoule, cleaned first with alcohol. Then with a swift motion, snap the top portion away from the body. Ampoule neck will be break as easy as breaking a matchstick. Rub and clean with an alcohol the rubber part of the sterile water. A 10cc of syringe is use to draw water and empty it to the vial. The powder will immediately dissolved when mix with a gentle swirl. One thing important to know is no shaking rapidly.Click here to find 43 Day HCG Injection Kit .

Other way of testing pregnancy, is using a pregnancy kits. A kit of strip or card readily use with an anti-HCG globulin. Immersed the urine to detect the pregnancy. The results is ready for about 3 minutes. Note about insulin syringes: These are usually marked in �units� from 10 through 100. At the end of the needle is the usual marker is noted. The insulin syringes sold by HCGSupplies.com, LLC are nearly always 1ml (or 1cc).  This means that if you wish to inject 0.5 (one half) cc, you would fill the 1ml syringe to 50%.  This corresponds to the line marked �50� on the syringe. The insulin syringes sold by HCGSupplies.com, LLC are nearly always 1ml (or 1cc).  This means that if you wish to inject 0.5 (one half) cc, you would fill the 1ml syringe to 50%.  This corresponds to the line marked �50� on the syringe. Find 23 Day HCG Injection Kit  here.

For further reading/watching, please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin .

[dryadpharmacy]

Citrus reticulata

The mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification.

Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids generally have these traits to a lesser degree.

The mandarin orange tree is more drought-tolerant than the fruit. The mandarin is tender and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas. 

The name "mandarin orange" is a calque of Swedish mandarin apelsin (apelsin from German Apfelsine=Apfel+Sino means chinese apple), first attested in the 18th century. The form "mandarine" derives from the French name for this fruit. The reason for the epithet "mandarin" is not clear; it may relate to the yellow colour of some robes worn by mandarin dignitaries

Mandarin orange is the most cultivated citrus fruit in China, tropical Asia, India, Korea, Japan, the Mediterranean, and in Florida in the United States. A hardy Japanese species of mandarin orange called unshiu is grown in the Caucasian country of Georgia which is a major exporter of mandarins to Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia and Azerbaijan, although there is also some production in Russia on the Black Sea coast of Caucasus and in the Krasnodar Region.

A mandarin orange contains 85% water, 13% carbohydrates, and negligible amounts of fat and protein (table). Among micronutrients, only vitamin C is in significant content (32% of the Daily Value) in a 100 gram reference serving, with all other nutrients in low amounts.

The fruits contain a large amount of sugar (up to 10.5%), vitamins C, B1, B2, provitamin A, free organic acids, phytoncides, lectins, and mineral salts.

The vitamin C in mandarin oranges is perfectly preserved in long-term storage. Since mandarin oranges ripen in November–December, they can be a source of vitamins during the winter for people living in the Northern Hemisphere.

Hc= Human cells

The share of vitamin C in 100 grams of fresh fleshy part of mandarin amounts to 26.7 mg.  *see research link   clanak

Potent anti-oxidant *see research link /27365982

Anticancer properties , thyroid cancer, gastric cancer  (excerpt from research:” In conclusion, the data suggest that MPO possesses significant antitumor activity without causing systemic toxicity, proposing it as a dietary supplement that may be helpful in cancer prevention.  significantly reduced by MJe in a concentration- and time-dependent way, with maximal effect elicited at 0.5 mg/ml concentration after 48 h.  findings demonstrate that the flavonoid fraction of mandarin juice exerts in vitro antiproliferative effects on ATC cells, associated with a reduction of migration, suggesting for such a functional food a potential use as adjuvant in the treatment of thyroid cancer.  “) * see research link 29560978,  26365817 Hc , 15749633 Hc

Anti-aging & anti-wrinkle,  reduces collagen breakdown & elastine, which keeps our form together after being bruised or pressed (excerpt from research:” CR HAE exhibited stronger anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity than CR CAE, CR HAE- Hot Alcoholic Extract of Citrus reticulate. CR HAE exhibited promising antioxidant and anti-enzymatic activity “)  *see research link 27365982     , /PMC4908842/

Reduces  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis  (Excerpt from research:” the amines from the pericarp of Citrus reticulata were isolated, and their hydrochlorides were prepared. The results of screening using cultured human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hELFs) revealed that, of the amines, 4-methoxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (designated as amine hydrochloride 1) possessed the most potent inhibitory effect. “) *see research link  /ijmm.2015.2435   , PMC4716790/

Contains small amounts of synephrine, sort of the cousin of adrenaline *see wiki

Contains Nobiletin  which has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties  *see wiki link

Research links & tips:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29560978

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27365982

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4908842/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26365817

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15749633

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2435

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synephrine

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4716790/

https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?id_clanak_jezik=239166&show=clanak

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobiletin

http://www.bearnakedfood.com/2015/03/04/candied-mandarin-orange-peel/

https://www.bbc.com/food/recipes/mulled_wine_46955

https://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/tangerine-pudding

[plumsaffron]

Psst! I hope you don’t mind me sharing some dark/maybe offensive jokes about the ML Salters and rabid dogs of the fandom! I couldn’t resist poking fun of them here! I may be a neutral person in fandom matters but I can criticize canon/fandom whenever I feel like it.

Too much salt? Hope y’all don’t get cardiac arrest later on!

Delusional behaviors? The asylums/mental hospitals are going to be overcrowded and make other patients look sane!

Wait, why are some of y’all bitching about Adrien? I don’t see similar personality male characters from other franchises get criticized as bad as him. Maybe y’all might be secret misandrists who’d rather have strong-willed men over “spineless weak-willed fools?”

Not satisfied with canon? Just go watch other series that don’t piss you off that much. Then maybe canon will slowly die out and we all can throw a party at the stupid show ending. It’s not that hard to lessen the attention of a badly written series when we could glaze better shows.

Are y’all a plague or something? Then go get cured bc naive new users are going to get infected by your lies and negativity!

Why are y’all so negative and hateful? Did y’all forgot other franchises/series’ existences that made you happier instead?

Why are y’all so obsessed with Lila getting hurt or killed? Did she actually remind you of a high school bully in RL or smth? You should take a chill pill after all.

Sheesh, the Lila haters make the Mineta haters look like saints bc at least I didn’t hear the latter driving ppl to off themselves over having different opinions!

It’s fine. I don’t mind.

The true nature of the unstable weak willed watchers/viewers/fandom should be known.

They find strange ways to transcend whatever they hate that occurs.

Or subserviently encouraging or absorbing the way of the true protagonist’s dangerous self endangering habits (ignoring the environment too or Hawk Moth’s terrorist playground or her and allies experiences clearly knowing how easy it is for Hawk Moth to get a victim and endanger everyone’s future).

It’s a big problem when people believe protagonist is the right path to be aligned to and the antagonist side is inherently invalid. It makes me wonder if other shows they watched or some groups of people or public figures, tricked them so badly into thinking protagonist is hero exclusive can’t be seen as doing any harm (even if it shows in their faces enough times the opposite).

Honestly, I’m unsure how one tricks themselves into believe Lila's a reminder of who they met in real life. Must be a bunch editing and cropping context to make her fit in their inserts because if they didn’t modify the context, it would mean either they started it and kept chasing after her, willing to do anything instead of leave her alone or avoid such irl enemy. Or the worst case, they are secretly the victim, Lila, but they think they were harmed by Lila but it was actually their aggressor, Marinette but they foam at the idea of their hero as doing wrong.

Then again I guess it’s not hard considering Haze Clarke deluded herself into believing Kagami bullied Marinette and reminds her of being bullied when in actuality it was Marinette seeing Kagami as a Lila replacement in her mind and attempting to put down Kagami.

Seems 1 + 0 = 2 in their minds.

But yeah, they do love being everything they hate it appears and they don’t care who gets harmed or affected despite seeing who has been harmed and affected.

[memefixer]

Memecucker Translated:

A lot of anti-Freud talking points don't focus on the actual issues with Freud. Like, I would consider myself anti-Freud, but I still think Freud would outmatch most of his haters in debate.

A good example of a popular critique would be Freud abandoning his early “Seduction* Theory.” Freud posited that mental illness without obvious trauma was caused not simply by child sexual abuse but specifically *unconscious memories* of sexual abuse as an infant, before the formation of conscious memories.

He also abandoned this theory after realizing mental illness was far too common for this to make sense - if his theory was true, that would mean infant sexual abuse was practiced by the majority of the population, which did not conform to empirical observations.

(TL Note: Switching to a bulleted list of what memecucker glosses over here)

Florence Rush introducesThe Freudian Coverup Theory at the 1971 New York Radical Feminists Rape Conference. The crux is that Freud abandoned his Seduction Theory to undermine female victims of sexual abuse and protect their sexually abusive fathers.¹

This theory eventually winds up in the public eye via The Assault on Truth: Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory in 1983. It received harsh criticism, mainly negative reviews, a sharp outcry, and was, of course, a bestseller.

Between these two authors, the debunked² repressed memory theory starts to trickle into the public's mind.

In 1984, a mother of a student accused the staff at the McMartin Preschool of "kidnapping children, flying them in an airplane to another location, and forcing them to engage in group sex, as well as forcing them to watch animals being tortured and killed.”³ You know the Mitski sex trafficking scandal? Imagine that but it just keeps escalating.

A recurring theme would be biased interviewers and suggestible children suddenly unrepressing their memories. You see where this is going.

There were at least 13 satanic ritual/sex scandals over the next ten years.⁴ The vast majority of them were false accusations. An example:

"On October 4, 1984, a...couple acting as police informants telephoned their contact within the police department of Pittsfield, MA, and accused Bernard Baran of molesting their son. The child had been attending the government operated Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) where Baran, an openly homosexual 19-year-old, worked as a teacher's aide. The accusers had complained previously to the board of directors that they "didn't want no homo" around their son."

Moral panic did not end well for Baran.

Long point made short? Freud is infamous⁵ for failing to follow the scientific method, for failing to test hypotheses with falsifiable experiments - that is, his experiments were not designed to let him be wrong. Which makes it all the funnier that one of the few times Freud *did* recognize his theory’s failure, it was majorly used against him.

_____

*"Seduction” is an archaic term that would align more with what we call sexual assault today.

¹ Rush, F. (1996). The Freudian Coverup. Feminism & Psychology, 6(2), 260–276. doi:10.1177/0959353596062015

² Otgaar H, Howe ML, Patihis L, et al. The Return of the Repressed: The Persistent and Problematic Claims of Long-Forgotten Trauma. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2019;14(6):1072-1095. doi:10.1177/1745691619862306

³ James M. Wood; Debbie Nathan; M. Teresa Nezworski; Elizabeth Uhl (10 August 2009). "Child Sexual Abuse Investigations: Lessons Learned from the McMartin and Other Daycare Cases".

⁴ Link to the Daycare Panic wiki page if you like depressing summaries of fearmongering ruining lives.

⁵ Sulloway, Frank J. (1991). Reassessing Freud's Case Histories: The Social Construction of Psychoanalysis. Isis 82 (2):245-275.

When i say that a lot of anti-Freud talking points end up not focusing on actual issues with Freud and that while i would consider myself anti-Freud i still think that “Freud > most Freud hater” i think a good example is how a lot of the baseless speculative attacks focus on Freud abandoning his early “seduction hypothesis” (“seduction” in this case being an archaic meaning more analogous to “sexual assault”) where the young Freud posited that the near universal cause of mental illness without any obvious trauma was not simply caused by csa but specifically *unconscious memories* of sexual abuse as an infant before the formation of conscious memories and he abandoned this because he saw how common mental illness was and that fully applying the seduction hypothesis would mean that infant sexual abuse was something practiced by almost the majority of the population which did not conform to empirical observations but cut to the 1980s and that period of mass hysteria about satanic daycares engaging in ritualistic abuse and people said this meant Freud was trying to “cover up” csa rings and its like kinda ironic that a moment of Freud actually applying the scientific method to falsify a hypothesis of his has ended up becoming one of the things people use against him (albeit in highly distorted form since the “seduction hypothesis” as originally articulated still wouldn’t hold water so people have to twist it)

[buyingcbdgummies-blog]

Using DMSO For Pain

When used for the treatment of pain, DMSO is a powerful anti-inflammatory that has a wide range of beneficial effects. It works well on both chronic and acute pain. This drug reduces autoimmune antibodies and inhibits free radical production, which prevents the body from destroying lubricating fluid. This compound is approved for use in instilling the drug in the urinary bladder. It has many potential side effects. Learn more about  DMSO Roll On, go here. 

However, DMSO for pain is not suitable for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. If you have a severe liver or kidney condition, you should discontinue using the substance. Also, it should never be used on mucous membranes. If you are considering using this substance for pain treatment, make sure to consult with your doctor before applying it. Also, be sure to store the substance out of reach of children, as it is very sensitive to temperature.  Find out for further  details on CBN Gummies  right here. 

Early in its development, DMSO was considered a "wonder product." In fact, many pharmaceutical companies sought to patent it, and even the FDA declined its approval because of the variety of its attributes. Because of its wide range of effects, DMSO was rejected because it did not have a single-use application. In order to be approved by the FDA, a drug must have a narrow focus on a specific disease or health issue.

DMSO was first synthesized in the 1850s. While it is commonly used in the wood industry, it was only recently that DMSO found its way into the medical field. It has been used in hospitals as a preservative for organ transport since it penetrates the capillary walls. DMSO can also aid in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. It has been compared with other drugs like n-acetysteine and NAC in clinical studies.

Despite the benefits of DMSO, its toxicity may be a problem for some people. It is also a known skin irritant, which may explain why it is less effective in hind joints. A study of mice has shown that DMSO treatment reduced the number of CD45+ cells in the hind paws. Furthermore, DMSO treatment decreased the number of PMN cells in the fore and hind paws.

DMSO has many side effects, but it is relatively safe to take. It is a natural compound, which can be diluted in more than ten percent distilled water for safe treatment of pain. In fact, the substance can be bought online or from some pharmacies. The difference between medical grade and pharmaceutical grade is primarily in the dosage. Some doctors use DMSO to treat pain, but it is not widely available over the counter.  Take a  look at this  link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol  for more information. 

Human blood samples were obtained by phlebotomists from volunteers and then transferred to endotoxin-free, heparin-coated tubes. A fifty microlitre blood sample was then aliquoted into 96 well plates containing ten mL of DMSO in PBS. Infection was induced by HSV-1 (MOI = 2) or E. coli. Incubation was conducted for seven hours at 37degC.

[ml-typhonverse]

Opening

Hi everyone, call me SimplyUnknown. This is my first time making a blog like this, and I wanted to clarify just what this blog will be about. As some of you probably can guess from the tags and the ml in the header, this blog will mainly be discussing the world of the TV show Miraculous Ladybug. I’d like to start by stating that I know that there’s a lot of drama going on in the fandom about the show in regards to...a lot of things. I’m aware of it, and this blog won’t be a part of it. If you ship the love square, fine. If you’re a fan of Lukanette or Adrimi, cool. Salter, anti-salter, fine. Because this blog isn’t made to talk about the show or most of the characters.

This blog is for something new entirely.

The Typhonverse is a universe that I’m hoping to build and turn into a story hopefully soonish. I’ll be finishing up a personal project in the coming months and this particular idea has been nagging at me for a few weeks. You see, I’m not really a fan of the show. Most of what I know about the show comes from zoe-oneesama and her Scarlet Lady blog (check it out if you haven’t already, her story-telling is amazing!), or the miraculous content blog with her LadyBugOut AU (follow if you love Lukanette, stay away if you like the lovesquare). There are plenty of people more qualified to talk about the show than me.

For me personally, the show isn’t what draws me in. It’s the lore of the world. The idea of the kwamis and how they can give people superpowers and how the wielders can act as heroes or villains depending on their choices is fascinating to me! But I’m not interested in rewriting the current ML show (I have Scarlet Lady) or dissecting and analyzing the show either (miraculous content is far more skilled than I am). So what I want to do is create a new personal universe for me to play with, which will take place far away from Paris and the majority of the current cast.

And that’s where this blog comes in. As I don’t watch the show and don’t entirely trust the wiki pages, I want to talk my ideas out here. Hopefully, some of you other fans of the show can point out where I might be going wrong with how a miraculous works or offer your own ideas as to how the story can grow. I have a decent idea of my main cast and where the story will be going, but I’m open to advice and ideas from you guys. Especially when it comes to the monsters I’ll be making.

Because this isn’t a tale of akumas wielded by a villainous Hawkmoth variant. There will be no Butterfly in this story, except maybe in a mention. No, this is the tale of what happens when the Peacock Miraculous is wielded alone, by a villain more vile and cruel than Gabriel Agreste. One who does not care for a pointless wish, but for what the Peacock can already give him.

This is the tale of the villain Typhon, father of monsters.

(First time using tumblr and tags like this; please let me know if I need to correct anything!)

[lookchem-cas]

Succinic acid, 99+% CAS: 110-15-6

Succinic acid, 99+%

CAS: 110-15-6

[110-15-6], HO2CCH2CH2CO2H, F.W. 118.09, m.p. 186-188°, b.p. 235°, f.p. 206°(402°F), d. 1.56, EINECS 203-740-4, RTECS WM4900000, BRN 1754069, MDL MFCD00002789, TSCA Yes

Hazard Codes: H303-H318

Precautionary Code (EU): P261-P270-P271-P280-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P310-P403+P233-P501c

Hwang, H. J.; Choi, S. P.; Lee, S. Y.; Choi, J. I.; Han, S. J.; Lee, P. C. Dynamics of membrane fatty acid composition of succinic acid-producing Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. J. Biotechnol. 2015, 193, 130-133.

Gunnarsson, I. B.; Kuglarz, M.; Karakashev, D.; Angelidaki, I. Thermochemical pretreatments for enhancing succinic acid production from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Bioresour. Technol. 2015, 182, 58-66.

Description

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. The anion, succinate, is a component of the citric acid cycle capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain. Succinic acid is created as a byproduct of the fermentation of sugar. It lends to fermented beverages such as wine and beer a common taste that is a combination of saltiness, bitterness and acidity. Succinate is commonly used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. Succinate plays a role in the citric acid cycle, an energy-yielding process and is metabolized by succinate dehydrogenase to fumarate. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in the mitochondria, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. SDH with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, binds enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP). Oxidizing succinate links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the whole Krebs cycle. Succinate can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e.g. malate. (1) Mutations in the four genes encoding the subunits of succinate dehydrogenase are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations (i.e.: Huntington's disease. (2). Succinate also acts as an oncometabolite. Succinate inhibits 2-oxoglutarate-dependent histone and DNA demethylase enzymes, resulting in epigenetic silencing that affects neuroendocrine differentiation.

Search term: 110-15-6 (Found by approved synonym)

Succinic acid

Molecular Formula：C4H6O4

Average mass：118.088 Da

Monoisotopic mass118.026611 Da

ChemSpider ID1078

Appearance：Powder or crystalline or granules

Physical State：Solid

Storage：Store at room temperature

Melting Point：185-190° C

Boiling Point：235° C

Anti-Biotin Antibody (33): sc-101339

Biotin, a water-soluble B complex vitamin, is required by all organisms but can only be synthesized by yeasts, molds, algaes, some plant species and bacteria. Biotin, a tetrahydrothiophene ring fused with an ureido (tetrahydro-imidizalone) ring, is important in the catalysis of essential metabolic reactions to synthesize fatty acids, to metabolize leucine and in gluconeogenesis. Human intestinal bacteria generally produce in excess of the body′s daily Biotin requirement. The occurrence of Biotin in nature is widespread and, although extremely rare, Biotin deficiency is associated with dermatitis, nausea, loss of hair, depression, muscle pain, and reproductive disturbances.

SynonymsDatabase

1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid

1,4-Butanedioic acid

110-15-6 [RN]

203-740-4 [EINECS]

4-02-00-01908 [Beilstein]

Acide butanedioique [French]

Acide succinique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]

Acido succinico [Italian]

ácido succínico [Spanish]

Ácido succínico [Portuguese]

acidum succinicum [Latin]

Bernsteinsaeure [German]

Bernsteinsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]

Butanedioic acid [ACD/Index Name]

HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH [Formula]

Kyselina jantarova [Czech]

MFCD00002789 [MDL number]

QV2VQ [WLN]

Succinic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]

Succinic acid

Ηλεκτρικό οξύ [Modern Greek (1453-)]

Янтарная кислота [Russian]

コハク酸 [Japanese]

琥珀酸 [Chinese]

14493-42-6 [RN]

152556-05-3 [RN]

21668-90-6 [RN]

61128-08-3 [RN]

acidum succinicum

amber acid

asuccin

Bernsteinsaeure

Bernsteinsaure

Butandisaeure

BUTANE DIACID

BUTANEDIOICACID

CpeE protein

DB00139

Dihydrofumaric acid

Ethanedicarboxylic acid

Ethylene dicarboxylic acid

Ethylene succinic acid

FMR

fum

Fumaric acid [Wiki]

http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000254

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:15741

Katasuccin

Kyselina jantarova

MAE

Maleic acid [Wiki]

Sal succini

STR02803

Succinellite

Succinic acid 100 µg/mL in Acetonitrile

succinic acid(free acid)

Succinic acid, ACS grade

SUCCINIC-D4 ACID

succunic acide

Wormwood acid

For Research Use Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Therapeutic Use.

186-188 °C Alfa Aesar

185 °C Indofine [15-0400] , [15-0400]

185 °C OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

184-189 °C Merck Millipore 3821, 822260

185 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16121

186.5 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16582

188 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 13519, 22290, 28530

187 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 8429

186-188 °C Alfa Aesar A12084, 33272

188-190 °C SynQuest

184-186 °C Oakwood

184-186 °C (Literature) LabNetwork (old) LN00193188

185 °C Indofine [15-0400] , [15-0400] , [15-0400]

184-185 °C FooDB FDB001931

188-190 °C SynQuest 2121-1-24

184-186 °C Cayman Chemical CM247712

184-186 °C Chemenu CM247712

184-186 °C Sigma-Aldrich ALDRICH-134384

185 °C Kaye & Laby (No longer updated)

184-186 °C Oakwood 104604, 239121

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Eye contact, Inhalation, Ingestion.

Mechanism of Toxicity

Succinate can inhibit the activities of α-KG–dependent oxygenases (KDMs) and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. Succinate also mediates allosteric inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Inhibition of HIF PHDs leads to activation of HIF-mediated pseudohypoxic response, whereas inhibition of KDMs and TET family of 5mC hydroxylases causes epigenetic alterations that ultimately cause cancer. Succination of KEAP1 in FH deficiency results in the constitutive activation of the antioxidant defense pathway mediated by NRF2, conferring a reductive milieu that promotes cell proliferation. Succination of the Krebs cycle enzyme Aco2 impairs aconitase activity in Fh1-deficient MEFs. Succination also causes irreversible inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).

Metabolism

Succinic acid can be converted into fumaric acid by oxidation via succinate dehydrogenase.

Toxicity Values

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 2260 mg/kg [Rat].

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not listed by IARC. Has been implicated in oncogenesis (17).

Uses/Sources

Succinic acid is a precursor to some specialized polyesters. It is also a component of some alkyd resins. Succinic acid is used in the food and beverage industry, primarily as an acidity regulator. It is also sold as a food additive and dietary supplement, and is generally recognized as safe by the US FDA.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Symptoms

Acute Exposure: the clinical signs of acute toxicity are weakness and diarrhea.

Treatment

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Substituents

Fatty acid

Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives

Carboxylic acid

Organic oxygen compound

Organic oxide

Hydrocarbon derivative

Organooxygen compound

Carbonyl group

Aliphatic acyclic compound

Succinic acid use and synthesis method

More details：https://www.lookchem.com/cas-110/110-15-6.html