#anatomy reconstruction discuss

[paleoforest]

LEPTO HEAD ANATOMY ALERT

I was so obsessed with the anatomy of UDANOCERATOPS, so, I start studying body build of its closest and most accessible relative.. LEPTOCERATOPS.

I found Sketchfab 3D model by Inhuman Species (aka justin.vl). This model was made for an exhibit at the Badlands Dinosaur Museum with Dr. Denver Fowler validation:

Inhuman Species shared in FB with some references after I asked:

Truly this is the only good reference for ALL Leptoceratopsidae at the present time. Why? Cause it's impossible to find ANY FOSSIL PHOTO. Although it don't possessing fully scientific accuracy: Justin message to me "there's an element of interpretation, especially for the inside of the skull".

Well, it doesn't stop me using critter as reference

Behind-the-sketches and pain in the ass

I made own amateur research & comparisons between the drawing by Paleofile, CMN 8887 casts by WitmerLab and Royal Tyrrell Museum with Justin's model, so it's ± accurate

Wiki also says that CMN 8887 specimen are young (unfused skull bones). And I think that surveyed is the older one:

I also noticed that frill of Leptoceratopsidae was short, but massive. It clearly intended for musculature for bite force, not for display.

Moreover, they have gigachad deep jaw.

I even compared Protoceratops with Leptoceratops!

phew

[arminreindl]

Varanosuchus: First Fossil Croc of 2024

We are two weeks into the year and we already had a bunch of big croc papers, so today I'll cover the first of the two new genera named so far. Varanosuchus sakonnakhonensis (Monitor lizard crocodile from Sakon Nakhon) is a small atoposaurid neosuchian from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand, a country that has seen a virtual boom in croc papers this past year between the description of Alligator munensis and Antecrocodylus.

Varanosuchus was a small animal, maybe a meter in length if a little longer with a notably short and deep skull and long slender limbs revealing it to have been at least somewhat terrestrial. We actually have a decent amount of material of this guy. The holotype consists of a 3 dimensionally preserved skull as well as assorted postcranial remains (vertebrae, ribs, osteoderms and limbs), there is a second skull of whats likely to be a differently aged individual also showing a 3D skull and well the third ones just a skull table but 2/3 is still great.

Now this guy was an atoposaurid, which is a group of crocodylomorphs that lived from the Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous, their last members existing on the island of Hateg some 66 million years ago. Atopsaurids were generally small animals with short snouts and longish legs. Some examples of atoposaurids include Knoetschkesuchus from Germany, Aprosuchus from Romania and Alligatorellus from France and Germany, all three pictured below, art by @knuppitalism-with-ue

Now the matter of ecology for atoposaurids in general and Varanosuchus in particular is not clear. Altirostral skulls such as that of Varanosuchus are generally associated with terrestrial crocodylomorphs as best examplified by notosuchians. Their teeth and size both obviously speak against being shoreline ambush predators like modern crocs and their legs are straight and slender, suggesting they had an erect posture and not the more sprawling one seen in semi-aquatic forms. Though they could have still had some aquatic affinities. The authors for instance argue that the osteoderms, having plenty of pits, are more like those of an animal that spends time in the water and would thus use them in thermoregulation. So maybe they did enter water from time to time, somewhat like some modern lizards, tho I think its fairly certain that they spend a decent amount of time on land. The artwork below is the reconstruction from the paper itself.

Another matter discussed in the paper is phylogeny, more precisely the relationship of Neosuchians and how Eusuchia is defined. On the first front, its worth noting that the paper recovered both atoposaurids and paralligatorids as monophyletic groups and had them be each others closest relatives, a notion that has been recovered before. More interesting perhaps is the fact that the next closest relatives to these two were hylaeochampsids and Bernissartia, which are typically recovered closer to modern crocs. Which in fact form a separate branch that is the sister group to all the afforementioned clades and taxa. And then you got goniopholids, dyrosaurs and pholidosaurs which are all more basal than the paralligatorid+atoposaurid+crocodilian group, which is back to the ordinary really. The second thing is the definition of Eusuchia. So for the longest time Eusuchia has been defined to include those Neosuchians that have choanae that are fully enclosed by the pterygoid bones (I know I know a bunch of anatomy stuff bear with me). So if the choanae was surrounded by the pterygoid, its an Eusuchian, if not, its more basal. Well, atoposaurids don't have that....BUT VARANOSUCHUS DOES. This, coupled with hylaeochampsids also having this feature and being recovered closer to atoposaurids than to Crocodilians basically suggests that the feature is not diagnostic for Eusuchia and instead appeared multiple times independently.

Moving away from anatomy and phylogeny and all that stuff, I think its very cool that croc research in Thailand has kinda picked up this last year. And fittingly enough some people have even worked on a short documentary covering the known diversity of pseudosuchians from Thailand, giving an overview over the named forms from the Jurassic to today, from titans like Chalawan to even these newest dwarf forms. While the narration is obviously in Thai, there are English subs and I highly recommend looking into it (even if I disagree with their depiction of Varanosuchus as arboreal, its perhaps overshooting the goal a little bit).

Finally here's the paper itself (tho paywalled) New Cretaceous neosuchians (Crocodylomorpha) from Thailand bridge the evolutionary history of atoposaurids and paralligatorids | Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | Oxford Academic (oup.com) and the wikipedia page I've been working on Varanosuchus - Wikipedia

I'll try to write up a post on the other new genus, Garzapelta, later this weekend so stay tuned for that.

[harpagornis]

Oviraptor Palates

Reconstructed Oviraptor skull be Jaime A. Headden.

Oviraptors are notoriously known for the revision on their feeding habits. Originally thought to have been obligate egg-eaters, the findings that associated eggs were actually their own has sparked controversy about their actual feeding habits. Some have suggested a mollusc based diet, others an omnivorous but fruit and seed based diet.

A relatively under discussed part of this debate revolves around their palate. Oviraptors possess two projections that end up in tooth-like structures. When they were assumed to be egg eaters they were considered vital in piercing egg shells (Osborn 1924), and Barsbold suggested that they could have been used to pry mollusc shells open (Barsbold 1977). Other studies have found that the jaws of oviraptorids were more suited for shearing rather than crushing, but they have since been rejected (Funston et al 2018). Still, these newer studies don’t explore much in the way of function for the strange palate.

A possible explanation is that they were used to manipulate objects in the mouth, perhaps keeping seeds and fruits in place while the beak crushed them. Given the presence of a lizard in one specimen’s innwards (Norell et al 1995), they could’ve have function like the raised palate of predatory birds, though in that case they would have been more raptorial than recent studies on their diet suggest.

Ultimately, this seems to parallel how some mammals with “herbivorous dentition” are in fact more carnivorous than their anatomy suggests (Hu Y et al 2009), only perhaps in reverse.

Needless to say, more studies are welcome.

References

Osborn, H. F. (1924). “Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia”. American Museum Novitates (144): 1−12. hdl:2246/3223. OCLC 40272928.

Barsbold, R. (1977). “Kinetism and peculiarity of the jaw apparatus of oviraptors (Theropoda, Saurischia)”. Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Trudy. 4: 37−47

Funston, G. F.; Mendonca, S. E.; Currie, P. J.; Barsbold, R.; Barsbold, R. (2018). “Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity and ecology in the Nemegt Basin”. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 494: 101−120. Bibcode:2018PPP…494..101F. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023.

Norell, M. A.; Gaffney, E. S.; Dingus, L. (1995). Discovering Dinosaurs In the American Museum of Natural History. Knopf Inc. p. 225.

Hu Y, Meng J, Clark JM (2009). “A new Tritylodontid from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (3): 385–391. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0053.

[bestiarium]

The Stronsay Beast [modern cryptid; globster]

In September of 1808, a strange marine creature washed ashore on a beach of Stronsay in the Scottish Orkney Islands (at the time, the island was called Stronsa). It resembled no known animal, having six arms, paws or wings, which were about 4.5 feet (1.4m) long and resembled plucked goose wings. When the news reached universities and scientific institutions, anatomists were called upon to visit the carcass and find out what kind of animal it was. Unfortunately, by the time these scientific men reached the ‘Stronsay Beast’ – as people had taken to calling it – the corpse was decomposed and weathered beyond repair. Few biological traits remained recognizable, so eyewitnesses were called upon to describe what the creature had looked like.

According to these eyewitness reports, the creature was about 55 feet (16.8m) long when it washed ashore and had a long and thin neck. At the end of the tail was something resembling an ear.

Scientists were puzzled, and some were of the opinion that this creature must have been a sea serpent, whose existence was considered plausible by many at the time. Spearheading them was John Barclay, a respected professor in anatomy at Edinburgh University who adamantly claimed that the carcass was the first solid evidence of the existence of giant sea serpents. His opinion was opposed by Everard Home, sergeant-surgeon and lecturer in surgery and anatomy at London’s Royal College of Surgeons. He did not believe in great sea snakes and claimed that the ‘beast’ was simply the torn and shredded carcass of a basking shark. He dismissed the eyewitnesses as unscientific and relied only on the shape of the bones that were found within the corpse.

During the discussions on the nature of the beast, reverend Donald Maclean entered the stage and claimed to have seen the creature alive in June, several months before it washed ashore, near the coast of the island Coll. The reverend claimed that the creature had a small neck with a broad, somewhat oval-shaped head that looked at his ship. Alarmed by the approaching animal, the boat was steered towards the shore. Eventually, the water became too shallow for the large creature and it returned to the open waters. The reverend also estimated that the creature was about 70 to 80 feet long (21 to 24m), which is much larger than the corpse on the beach. Additionally, he claimed to have questioned the crews of several fishing vessels that supposedly also encountered the creature. According to these reports, the monster had a head as big as a small boat with big eyes as large as plates. Although it looked terrifying, the creature did not attack.

Eventually, belief in the existence of giant sea snakes died out (at least within the scientific community) and Barclay’s conclusion was no longer taken seriously. Today, biologists agree with Home that the creature must have been a dead basking shark, or rather the damaged remains of one.

Source: Jenkins, B., 2022, The ‘Stronsay Beast’: testimony, evidence and authority in early nineteenth-century natural history, The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, 0, published online. (image source 1: MechaDaveO on Deviantart) (image 2: Home’s drawing of a basking shark compared to a reconstruction of the Stronsay Beast based on eyewitness reports, on the same scale. Image source: Phil. Trans. R. Society of London, 99, 206-220 (1809).)

[ihavedonenothingright]

I try my best to be neutral about things I don't really like, but I think we need to reframe the way we discuss the classical world. I'm not saying you can't have fun with it—I think it's fascinating, and that's why I study it—but the Greek Mythology resurgence has led to a kind of weird mentality surrounding ancient religion, culture, and languages. There is no set 'canon' here, or 'one true version' of a myth; what we think of as Greek Mythology is a collection of stories pulled together from hundreds of city states with their own unique oral traditions, smashed into one broader narrative by various historians and poets. The details are going to vary, and that's normal—especially because most people are reading these stories in translation. Even if there was One True Original Story, you have no way of knowing what that is unless you learn to read Homeric Greek. Which was already a challenge for most of the other Greek writers you're familiar with.

Go and enjoy Epic or anything else you like. I think it's cool that more people are being introduced to classic literature right now, and I really hope that trend continues. I just wish people understood that they're engaging with a piece of collective culture, not something cohesive like the MCU. Details are going to vary, ancient writers have different takes on things, and that does not automatically make them worthless. Please let your interest in Homeric work take you other places. You can find a lot of interesting works online—for free!—that either influenced the things you already like, or built off of them. So here are a few of my recommendations.

The Descent of Ishtar, read by Martin West. I think it's important to note that Greek religion was heavily influenced by other existing traditions, and vice versa, since a lot of people seem to believe Greece is the original and other cultures simply 'copied.' This translation here is really lovely, AND you get the chance to listen to reconstructed Akkadian.

The Hippocratic Corpus, translated by Francis Adams. This is a pretty decent translation, and worth a read because it highlights 1. theological debates happening in real time over the causes of different illnesses and 2. the tendency Greeks and Romans had to attribute all noteworthy developments in a single field to one person. Homer probably didn't exist, at least not in the capacity we often think of, and neither did Hippocrates—so many of the texts in his own 'corpus' are in complete disagreement with each other. That said, they're still extremely useful. Airs, Waters, Places is a particularly important read in my opinion because it is intentionally xenophobic. Half of this text is a justification for the natural inferiority of Persians and all cultures ruled by or allied with the Achaemenid Empire, and this is not an uncommon opinion in Ancient Greek writing. I think it's important more people are aware of that since Ancient Greece is frequently idealized. Plus you'll get to read some VERY strange descriptions of human anatomy. Wait until you find out about how sperm makes your hair turn white.

Parallel Lives by Plutarch. Later Greek writers often get overlooked in favor of their predecessors, but Plutarch is particularly interesting because of the gap he's choosing to bridge: each section of Parallel Lives is a comparison between a significant Greek historical figure, and a significant Roman one. I can't not include Plutarch, especially since his section on Alexander the Great is one of our best sources of information on the man (no, seriously, we have lost SO much information over time). Anyway, I highly recommend it as a read. Perseus (the reading software) can be a little bit finicky, but this translation is pretty solid compared to some of their other, older available works.

[prue84]

Archangel from Uncanny X-Men (2016) #7

Fandom: X-Men (comics) Characters: Warren Worthington III Credits: Greg Land — [ Reblogs > Likes | No AI involved ] —

Full Archangel from the cover of Cullen Bunn's Uncanny X-Men #7.

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An exercise that took way more time that it seems. The original art features Warren as perfectly split in two, depicting his two sides (Angel on the left and Archangel on the right).

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Other content about the character linked above.

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Notes This came out of a discussion over CBR forums, where a poster commented that something was "off" in the anatomy. To check where was the issue, I played with the two halves; while Angel's side is very off, and would need heavy reworking from navel down to fix it, Archangel worked, so I decided to work to make a finished art.

Greg Land did a similar cover with Betsy Braddock for Uncanny X-Men #509, where he again fucked up with the hips and legs proportions. I tried a couple of months ago to work on that art, but I couldn't fix the issue. I might give it another try in the future. Or try a Warren-Betsy two pieces (Angel-Caucasian!Psylocke / Archangel-Ninja!Psylocke).

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Tec stuffs (aka Behind The Manip) I took the original half (right) and flipped it. It was necessary to do some reconstruction/redraw to make the two parts blend, especially the decorations of the glass behind Warren. Betsy's face too needed to be fixed. I moved her a little higher, so she aligned to Mystique, but that required some redraw too. Also, her colors needed a fixing to remove the sun/golden light. The textless version I used had a portion of the legs covered, so I had to copy them from another source and blend the two parts. Lastly, changed Archangel's eyes from yellow to red (as in canon), and made it more silver. Also added some light.

No AI involved. All made with a mouse, not pens involved (that would've have shortened the time). Just Photoshop CS2.

Credits Original art by Greg Land with Nolan Woodard, released as main cover for Uncanny X-Men (2016) #7.

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Crossposted Livejournal: prue84.livejournal.com/105945.html Dreamwidth: prue84.dreamwidth.org/96830.html Deviantart: deviantart.com/prue84/art/Archangel-from-Uncanny-X-Men-2016-7-1135250865

[haventcomeupwiththetitleyet]

Chapter 2

Warning: WIP, please read the blog description

Prologue Chapter 1

The afternoon heat was still stifling and the sun beat as they entered the building. Harry lead up the stairs and pushed the door to the room. It was bright, dust dancing in the sunshine. He dragged two desks to face each other and took a seat gesturing to another chair.

Lucius Malfoy apprehandedly cleared the furniture with a spell and sat. He was looking around slowly, but Harry could see curiousity, when Malfoy set his eyes upon animal anatomy posters.

“Sorry for this,” he waved vaguely. He wanted to roll his eyes for the pedancy, but realised the situation was uncomfortable for his visavis as it is. He had to think fast, however as a crowd of muggles wasn't exactly a good place for discussion with a supposed enemy and not just supposed death eater. This part of school was said to be under a reconstruction from before the days he used to go here. The only place in the town where it was semi-safe. He couldn't reveal where he lived after all.

“Not at all,”  Malfoy drawled. “ it's a..” he eyed the posters once again, “peculiar place.”

This time Harry couldn't but roll his eyes. “This is what most muggle schools look like,” he answered with a sigh. What was peculiar is that Malfoy's face remained neutral, as if he simply noted the information.

“Mr Potter, you can do magic now?” he asked suddenly.

Harry's eyebrows scrunched. “What do you..” he stopped short remembering an alohomora he’d used for the back door. Fuck. He raked his brain for an explanation, that him being  taken off guard, didn't want to come. Hell with it, he thought. Getting a Malfoy as an ally would be a good levarage in the war that was certainly brewing. Might as well start with the truths.

“You don’t really think, the Weasley twins would have waited for their seventeenth birthday?” Harry said with a sly smile. ”They also decided, it would be safer, if I could use magic this summer,” he made a pause. “So they fixed it for me.”

He gazed at Malfoy to gauge his reaction, but could only get a contemplating look. The man's face was a mask most of the time, which was no surprise, it was getting at Harry's nerves nonetheless. To say the whole situation was unconventional would be an understatement. Actually, he was using the scraps of his willpower not to start dissosiating amids this bizzar moment.

“Did they think, the Dark Lord would barge in?” Malfoy asked, voice laced with sarcasm. It didn't deter Harry, he  didn't even comment on the title usage as he usually would. He could feel more than see the man was testing something. 

“He can't.”

Lucius looked up, Harry would bet, surprised, but it was still difficult to determine, so he continued.

 “They thought, that the political situation might get unsteady, and I must be at least armed for whatever comes up.”

He wished he could tell them what actually came up to see their faces. They'd be extatic.

“Well, I must say your associates are quite insightful. The situation is dire. And not in your favour.”

Harry could gather as much with every adult he knew acting tense and thinking, he sighed internally, that they managed to conceal it well. Mr Weasley even kept sending him twice as many nervous smiles at King's Cross.

Malfoy paused and put his wand onto the table. Harry's eyebrows raised. What the hell, he thought, while Malfoy continued.

 “I will tell more, but only after the confirmation of your help.”

“Why ask for my help if my state is so sorry according to you?” Harry asked confused.

Lucius held his gaze seriously “I would rather do whatever it takes to make your situation less unfortunate than risk your side lose.”

It didn't make sense. From what Harry has gotten throughout his years at Hogwarts the Malfoys were loyal followers even in Voldemort's death. The diary accident particularly.

“Sorry, but I dont understand,” he uttered completely lost and tired of trying to pry into adults' schemes and political machinations. He had no other choice unfortunately.

“I used to hope, he was never to come back,” Malfoy said gravely. “To let him gain power is to doom my family to slavery for a manic dictator. Do not think I don't realise what he is.”

“And do not let yourself be fooled. It is not because I believe the light side will win, it is because otherwise, the life for my family as we know it will end.”

That sounded reasonable, Harry thought. He could despise the man however much he wanted, but couldn’t accuse him of stupidity. Moreover a man so vain probably wouldn’t want to jeopardize either his wealth or his status that he had to weasel his way to secure in the first magical war. The epithets Sirius had used were far from flattering. Even Voldemort  found the time to comment upon it after his ressuraction. Harry needed some more time to mull it over. The time that he lacked unfortunately.

“How exactly did you find me?” Harry asked. Half to drag the conversation half curious.

“I had to aspire for luck, I would be honest. And on the second day you showed up, which was fortunate, but also concerning, taking the current situation into account.” Lucius looked at him pointedly.

“Couldn’t be stuck in four walls,” Harry answered as nonchalant as he could muster. He had to hide how amused he got imagining the culture shock Malfoy had to go through. It did feel desperate though.

“Sounds like a lot of trouble,” he tried for cautious, instead of mocking. Lucius’s face hardened anyway.

“He came to my house,” Malfoy stated with finality. Harry immediately felt the gravity of whatever that may imply.

He couldn’t conceal an alarmed look. The shit did get serious for some, no wonder the man got desperate.

”I managed to send my family away beforehand,” Malfoy continued. “But that is not for long, and I am worried, there is no place for them to come back.”

Harry kept silent turning this information this way and that. The tension in Malfoy's voice and the way he was trying to hide it seemed sincere. There were still many questions concerning his loyalties. He looked up. The man was waiting, his face closed again. ‘Whay is it me, Harry thought desperately, who has to deal with it?’

“What do you want from me then?” he asked finally.

“The fidelius charm.”

[novinitumd]

Crelog #1

(for optimal viewing, please use a computer and blog address ^^)

First Novinitum D crelog! (creator log, i know very creative). These are basically like devlogs but for my specevo and worldbuilding projects. Entries where it's me updating yall on the behind-the-scenes stuff and also asking for feedback on occasion, maybe even a poll, we'll see.

In this entry I'll be discussing the progress I've made on the first taxon of the project, the infamous fish I've been spamming on my socials for the past week (it finally has a name!). And I'll also be discussing my process on the map and fleshing out the geological past and future of Novinitum D.

sneak peak into what this crelog features

[#1] -> Next crelog [#2] 🗒️Crelogs🗒️

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Operculaurisichthys pelagicus, the type species of Operculaurisichthys (yes that's the name people, write it down write it down!!!)

Enter Operculaurisichthys, the 'eared operculum fish'. This entire project only exists because one night I sat down, drew a made up fish (this one) and thought to myself "what if I started a seed world with this fish?". Now this figure is actually slightly innaccurate now but not noticably so to most people so I think it's fine using it in a crelog, updated figures will be used in its dedicated taxon article anyways.

I wanted to talk about it because 1. it's awesome, and 2. phylogeny.

As many of you know, I created this fish without any intention of clade in mind, that said however, I very much had pachycormids on my mind at the time because they sparked my fish anatomy hyperfixition (fish people will know why I've shot myself in the foot doing that). This means that I unknowingly made its anatomy nearly identical to a generalised pachycormid as pointed out by Sky Jung in a VC (check him out on twitter: @HBivittatus and insta: @teleostei_art). Jumping off of that observation, I created a modified phylogenetic character matrix based on the first matrix in Cooper et al., (2022) in Mesquite.

A little look into the character matrix within Mesquite, 130 characters and 30 taxa in this one

I'll go more in detail in its dedicated taxon article about what exactly was modified in some sort of phylogeny section probably.

After sorting out all the characters for the Operculaurisichthys spp. (yes there are multiple species, more about that in a future crelog probably) I imported the .nex file into TNT which I used to create the majority rule consensus tree you see below.

Everything before Euthynotus spp. is part of the outgroup, so I wouldnt pay them much attention, as you can see, this majority rule consensus tree is the result of 24 most parsimonious trees

The inclusion of Operculaurisichthys didn't break Pachycormidae to my surprise, which is incredibly impressive for a fish that was made with no clade in mind. As you can see its firmly nested within Hypsocorminae in a polytomy with Simocormus and the more derived hypsocormines, which I find incredibly interesting for the afformentioned reason.

Anyways that's all I'm gonna talk about regarding Operculaurisichthys, so if you just came for that now's your chance to leave. Onto GPlates stuff and plate tectonics!!!

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A sneak peak at the GPlates project file, just the sea side tho can't give everything away too early can I now ;P

What is GPlates? I think their website puts it best "GPlates is a plate tectonics program (where you can) manipulate reconstructions of geological and paleogeographic features through geological time." What I'm doing is simulating the plate tectonics through geological time to give my world a realistic look and assure I can keep that same realistic look throughout the course of the project.

I'm using the GPlates portion of Artifexian's worldbuilding series (link to the playlist here) mixed with referencing Worldbuilding Pasta's blog (link to their blog here) which the GPlates portion of Artifexian's worldbuilding series derives from. Artefixian simplifies a lot of stuff to suit his workflow - which is valid - while Worldbuilding Pasta's original method is closer to the level I like, so I cross reference a lot of stuff.

One of the many island arcs on the planet

However one thing I do which is different to both is create the continental shelf portion of my island arcs every 50 million year timestep. This sounds stupid and tedious, but makes sense when you take into account the fact that I'll be making multiple of these maps every 50 Million year timestep or so (still deciding on that). So having that reference and being able to simulate the building of terrain over time is incredibly useful.

Ontop of this I'm also adding an accurate amount of terrain using the equation: (island arc length * age of island arc in MY) / 2 (which is taken from this Artifexian video). This is an incredibly tedious process but imo worth it in the end.

Earlier version of the above island arc showing that it's all one connected element, please understand how tedious this is lmao

So yeah! That's pretty much all I'm willing to reveal right now, hope this gives yall an idea what you're in for and also a look at my creative process (aka my flavour of autism). There will definitely be more crelogs in the future, and more frequently as I continue to make more progress in developing the major parts of the world.

For the first time, thanks for reading!

[warmhealerr]

Putting some information out there because I'm seeing many notes from people who seem interested but do not know where to begin looking.

Disclaimer : I am not a medical professional, I am just someone who has wanted bottom surgery for years and thoroughly read on the subject. If something is wrong please let me know. If you do not know what a word means and I don't clarify it, browsers are your best friends. Curiosity is good and I'm trying not to write 60 pages. There is mention of sexual activity and anatomical terms though I'm trying to keep it to the bare minimum. Kinda long post ahead. Alright.

1.Reddit can be extremely useful for surgery info and this is especially relevant when it comes to phallo. The r/phallo subreddit has MOUTAINS of resources, from medical papers and info on implants (like the mentioned erectile device in here for example, there are multiple types), to pictures from kind enough numerous people who document their journey, to surgery team recs/bewares, etc. Though there is a language barrier which causes the sub to be pretty American centric, there are people from all over the world with all sorts of body types, phallo types and goals discussing their journeys. I heavily suggest reading through the FAQ and using the search bar to look up keywords related to your questions before actually asking them, the sub has a tendency to get a bit clogged by repeats unfortunately.

2.Phallo is extremely customizable. There are multiple graft sites to choose from. This individual got RFF which uses the arm, but other techniques can use the thigh, the abdomen. Some even involve growing your penis in your body to reduce scarring! All have their pros and cons and/or require a specific kind of anatomy. RFF is the most common because it is the most widely accessible across bodies and provides great results in firmness and sensation. And that's not all! Phallo can be divided in different parts : You can have a penis you can pee from with a scrotum and no vagina. You can have a penis you can't pee from with a scrotum and no vagina. You can have a penis you can't pee from with a scrotum and a vagina and your original bottom growth still preserved underneath instead of put into your penis (that's mostly done for erotic sensation's sake), etc. There is barely any limit, but your surgeon's ability to make your desired body a reality basically.

Now that I've made the 2 most important points, much more under the cut :

3.Phallo is not just for trans people, it has been and is still being done for cis men (reconstructions after loss from cancer, injuries, etc). I feel this is important to say.

4.The process is rough and I mean it. Your first stage can take years because of waitlists, insurances issues, etc. You WILL take months to recover, you need at least 2-3 weeks of inactivity and even then after that you will have to be physically very inactive for months. You will extremely likely regret getting phallo in the first few months, this is a common thing in major body surgeries, you will be able to assess whether you actually regret it or not much, much later (though that turns out to be rare for the obvious reason most people figure they'll regret it before they get it, and move on). Stages can span multiple years especially with complications. Fistulas are the biggest problem, alongside wound separation, and less commonly strictures. Necrosis is extremely fucking rare but it can happen (though usually at worse you just lose a small bit of your penis and it can still be reconstructed, it will just take time)

5. If you want foreskin really bad, you aren't a Finnish citizen (Gracilis Phalloplasty is a thing), and size doesn't matter to you, there is another bottom surgery type called metoidioplasty, also very customizable, which aims to work with your bottom growth instead of grafts (fun fact, this is the bottom surgery I will be getting). Do remember though plenty people with phallo are happy with their dicks without foreskin.

6.Of course there are a few differences between natal penises and phallo penises; firmness, ability to retract and get hard, maintenance, but there's plenty that can be done to make them as close as possible. If passing/fear of being clocked matters to you for psychological and safety reasons, your phallo dick and the scars it leaves behind will not be a problem. Any graft site can be used for any surgery, not just phallo. Lack of foreskin (even a stage one phallo penis) will not mean you'll get clocked. Most cis people will not look at your dick when it's out of your pants (and if it's in, won't comment on it even if they notice a bulge or whatever, it's a normal society thing I promise). Still on passing, If you are looking to date or looking to be sexually active with cis people who you expect to love dicks on their men (gay men/straight women etc). They LOVE THEM. Don't even worry about it. I promise the strangers you'll encounter won't find your dick weird. In fact especially after later stages (like if you get an erectile device) most are pretty happy about the fact you can get hard on command, but I digress. (Don't forget usual sexual health recs for people with dicks apply to you too, but I'm not your parent).

7. I've had a pretty male focused post thus far I'm afraid, but I insist, anyone of any gender can get phallo if they deem it necessary for themselves. Gatekeeping sucks fucking ass. You are a woman who is deeply troubled because she doesn't have a penis? Don't be ashamed of looking into it. It's probably gonna be a rough road to actually get it though, but that is something for you to figure out, I'm just here to tell you it's okay to begin with. Your gender is some flavor of genderqueer? Nonbinary? Genderfluid? Agender? Me too, don't be afraid of bottom surgery. Whether you think it affirms something manly in you, or something totally different, is up to you and you only.

At the end of the day your damn body, your damn flesh can be turned into a fully working penis and I think that's beautiful.

FAQ based on what I read in notes :

-Adding to what I said earlier but yes you can keep your vagina. Not all surgeons offer urethral lengthening if you want to keep your vagina because of heightened complication risks (mostly fistulas), but is is a possibility. If you decide not to undergo UL majority of surgeons will not fuss. Note : If you want a vaginectomy (rid of your vagina) you need a hysterectomy. Not necessarily a oophorectomy (ovary removal) in my experience but the uterus needs to yeet. I am saying this for all those who would like to carry children someday.

-Yes your balls can become hairy. Phallo dicks might in fact still have some hairs on them (or in which causes complications, hence the hair removal process before the creation of the penis) and it's common to still get hair removal sessions after first stage.

-You can choose your dick and ball size, sorta. Depending on technique and body your team will usually let you know in advance what they think might be possible, from there you can ask for smaller (ie : Your graft site might allow for a penis of 6 inches, you can ask for 4. Your scrotum can finally get implants, and it might allow for medium size implants, you can ask for small ones instead, etc). Just remember surgery remains an unpredictable thing and even if rarely, sometimes things don't go as planned. Majority of the time it works out though, and rather take some risks see what can be done than be forever miserable am I right?

-You can get plenty of orgasms, but don't expect semen to come shooting out of your dick. Some people's Skene's gland does insane work, which means it basically almost looks the same when you've got UL, but that is not the majority.

I hope this fucking wall of text turns out to be helpful to someone out there. Love y'all.

[paleoforest]

I recently found one paleoartist (Brian Engh!) who explained dino butt anatomy, and discovered confirmation of my anatomical senses, what I researched a year ago

Check these buns out (and other anatomy guides) ! ! ! (on 10:26)

And post too! (found his video thanks to this)

[arminreindl]

Kalthifrons and the Fall of Mekosuchines

The penultimate singular mekosuchine I'll talk about here is Kalthifrons, one of the more obscure members of this clade. After all, Kalthifrons was named only in 2017 and unlike some other animals like Ultrastenos, it does not stand out as much morphologically. But I still wanna take a moment to talk about this medium-sized Pliocene croc, its potential fate and the implications for its relatives.

Left: The skull of Kalthifrons (Ristevski et al. 2023) Right: A reconstruction of how the skull may have looked like intact

In many respects Kalthifrons looks very typical for a crocodilian, with a triangular head, rounded snout and eyes that face upwards. There are some interesting factors to mention, at least imo, and one thing thats sorta unknown. Starting with the unknown, what we aren't sure about is how deep the skull is. Sure the skull of Kalthifrons looks very intact in top view, but when looking at it from the side its about as flat as a sheet of paper. So we can't exactly tell how deep the skull would be. Maybe it was not much different from a modern croc...or maybe it was comparable to Baru the cleaver-headed crocodile. We simply don't know. The other two interesting things about its anatomy are more subtle. For one, the tip of the snout is comparably narrow. Now generally, if you look at mekosuchines the premaxilla and external nares tend to be wider than long, even in Australosuchus, but in Kalthifrons they are longer than wide. And then there's the frontal. The name Kalthifrons derives from the Latin word for forehead and the Dieri word for spear. The reason why is that the frontal bone, which covers the forehead, has an exceptionally long spear-like process at the front. Sure such a process is also found in other crocs, but in Kalthifrons it makes up 64% of this bones entire length.

A hypothetical reconstruction showing the size of Kalthifrons, which may have been around 3.4 meters.

With a length of possibly up to 3.4 meters and a triangular skull, Kalthifrons was probably a fairly generalist hunter. Fossils of Kalthifrons are known from a single place, the Golden Fleece Locality along the shores of Lake Palankarinna in the Lake Eyre basin, South Australia. Now this locality primarily yields two things. Croc fossils and turtles. Based on this and certain minerals in the sands of this locality, it has been suggested that the Golden Fleece Locality once housed a waterhole that dried up, leading to the deaths of its inhabitants.

The death of Kalthifrons as illustrated by Joschua Knüppe.

Which leads us to a bit of discussion regarding the general state of mekosuchines during the time of Kalthifrons. Now if you have read my previous posts on mekosuchines, you'll notice one thing. Most species native to continental Australia were around during the Oligocene to Miocene. Australosuchus, Baru, Ultrastenos, "Baru" huberi, Trilophosuchus and the continental Mekosuchus species. After the Miocene, continental species become rarer. Really you got Paludirex, Kalthifrons and Quinkana. And even they wouldn't stick around for much longer, with the last mekosuchines of Australia going extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.

So obviously mekosuchines experienced a drastic fall in diversity towards the end of the Miocene, clinging on for a few more million years before disappearing forever. But there's another thing that happened around this time. Modern crocodiles showed up. Contrary to popular belief, today's crocodiles of Australia are relatively recent arrivals. Freshwater crocodiles only lived there since the Pleistocene and saltwater crocodiles were likely even more recent, with both of them having evolved from different ancestors and arrived in Australia independently. But there's at least one more species of Crocodylus. The as of yet unnamed Tirari Desert Crocodile is known from remains that date to strata slightly more recent than that of Kalthifrons, displaying similar generalized anatomy. Like freshies and salties, the Tirari Crocodile arrived on its own, with phylogenetics indicating that its closest relatives were the palaeoafrican crocodiles like Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni (a giant that grew up to 8 meters long).

Crocodylus species of Australia Top left: The freshwater crocodile (Ristevski et al. 2023) Bottom left: The saltwater crocodile (Ristevski et al. 2023) Right: Stratigraphy of the Lake Eyre Basin and successions of local crocodilians (Yates and Pledge 2017)

Did Crocodylus drive Kalthifrons to extinction? Well, maybe? Yates and Pledge discuss this possibility in the description of Kalthifrons, suggesting that theres some supporting pieces of information for this hypothesis. Not only does the arrival of the Tirari crocodile match up nicely with the disappearance of Kalthifrons, but they both share very similar anatomy. And conventional wisdom suggests that two crocs of the same morphotype don't really coexist in the same habitats.

But there's also points against that which aren't as openly discussed. Namely, the lack of material. Sure we have Kalthifrons in the older Mampuwordu Sand Member and the Tirari Crocodile in the younger Pompapillina Member, but remember. We only have that one Kalthifrons individual. We further know little about their habitat preferences. Sure conventional wisdom suggests crocs with similar morphology don't coexist, but that doesn't mean they don't overlap. Some species may very well be separated by the specific habitat they prefer. Slow open water, fast moving streams. Finally, is replacement necessarily the only answer? Not really. It has been deduced that Kalthifrons died in a drought and aridification is regarded as one of the main drivers of Australian megafauna extinction, as touched on in my summary of Paludirex. Maybe that's it? Kalthifrons was driven to extinction when environmental conditions grew too harsh, with Crocodylus entering the newly opened niche. This may parallel what happened in Miocene Africa, when rainforests disappeared osteolaemine crocodiles likely gave way to Crocodylus, which was better suited to the dryer climate.

Whatever the case, Kalthifrons is one of the most recent mainland mekosuchines and thus may be critical for us to determine what happened during this part of Australia's history. So sure it might not be flashy, but it's still an important little guy.

[chocolatedetectivehottub]

nose job surgeons,

nose job surgeons,

A nose job, also known as rhinoplasty, is one of the most popular and sought-after cosmetic procedures worldwide. Whether it's for aesthetic enhancement or medical reasons such as correcting a deviated septum, the decision to undergo rhinoplasty is a significant one. One of the most important steps in this journey is selecting the right nose job surgeon. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you find a qualified and experienced specialist for your nose surgery.

1. Understand Your Goals

Before beginning your search, it’s essential to have a clear understanding of your goals. Are you seeking a subtle enhancement to your facial features or a more dramatic change? Are you undergoing rhinoplasty for medical reasons, such as improving breathing or correcting a birth defect? Understanding your objectives will help guide your choice of a surgeon who specializes in your particular needs.

2. Look for Board-Certified Surgeons

When it comes to any cosmetic procedure, board certification is a crucial factor. Look for a surgeon who is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) or the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS). Board certification ensures that the surgeon has met rigorous training and competency standards, which can give you peace of mind knowing you're in capable hands.

3. Experience in Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty is a delicate and complex procedure. It requires a surgeon with specialized experience and expertise. Some surgeons focus primarily on rhinoplasty, while others may perform a range of facial surgeries. It's important to choose a surgeon who has a strong track record and a significant number of rhinoplasty procedures under their belt. Ask about the surgeon's experience in performing the specific type of nose surgery you're interested in (e.g., functional, cosmetic, revision rhinoplasty).

4. Check Before-and-After Photos

A reputable nose job surgeon will have a portfolio of before-and-after photos from previous patients. These images will give you a realistic sense of what the surgeon is capable of and help you assess whether their aesthetic approach aligns with your own. Make sure to view photos that are similar to your desired outcome in terms of your nose shape and size.

5. Patient Reviews and Testimonials

Patient reviews and testimonials can provide valuable insight into a surgeon’s skill, bedside manner, and overall patient satisfaction. Look for reviews on trusted medical platforms, social media, and the surgeon's website. While every patient’s experience is unique, consistent positive feedback about the surgeon’s work, communication, and aftercare can indicate that you're on the right track.

6. Consultation Process

The consultation is your opportunity to meet with the surgeon, ask questions, and assess whether they’re the right fit for you. During this meeting, the surgeon will evaluate your facial anatomy, discuss your goals, and offer professional recommendations. Pay attention to how comfortable you feel with the surgeon. A good rhinoplasty surgeon will be patient, attentive, and provide clear answers to your questions.

7. Consider the Surgical Facility

The facility where the procedure takes place is equally important as the surgeon performing it. Ensure that the surgeon works in an accredited surgical center that adheres to strict safety protocols and hygiene standards. Some surgeons perform rhinoplasty procedures in hospitals, while others may have their own private surgical suites. Either way, check for proper certifications and licenses.

8. Understand the Risks and Recovery

As with any surgery, rhinoplasty comes with risks and a recovery period. Your surgeon should provide detailed information about potential complications (such as infection or scarring), the recovery timeline, and what to expect post-surgery. Make sure to follow pre- and post-operative instructions carefully for optimal results.

9. Cost and Payment Options

While cost shouldn’t be the only factor in choosing a surgeon, it’s an important consideration. Rhinoplasty can be an expensive procedure, and the cost varies depending on the complexity of the surgery and the surgeon's experience. Be sure to inquire about the total cost, which may include anesthesia, facility fees, and follow-up visits. Many surgeons offer payment plans or financing options, so discuss these details during your consultation.

10. Trust Your Instincts

Ultimately, the most important factor in choosing a nose job surgeon is whether you feel confident and comfortable in their care. Trust your instincts, and if something doesn’t feel right or you’re unsure, don’t hesitate to seek a second opinion. This decision is a personal one, and it’s important to feel completely at ease with the surgeon you choose.

Conclusion

Selecting the right nose job surgeon is a crucial step in achieving the results you desire. Take your time to do thorough research, consult with experienced professionals, and assess your comfort level before making your decision. With the right surgeon, you can achieve a more balanced and harmonious appearance that enhances your confidence and well-being.

4o mini

O

[thagomizersshow]

So this meme of the bulldog-lipped Smilodon pops up every few years, and while at first I thought it was kind of interesting, I'm inclined to say it's an unlikely hypothesis.

The biggest issue I have with this idea is that Smilodon's facial anatomy would have to be doing things very differently from any other mammal to support lips like these. No other mammal with long teeth that project significantly below the chin (musk deer, water deer, walrus) has soft tissue coverings as extensive as this, and any analysis of Smilodon's facial anatomy doesn't find any evidence of soft tissue that's all that different from living cats.

For example, this study was done mostly on another sabertooth genus, Homotherium, and it suggests Homotherium's canines were covered by lips when the mouth was closed (see below image from the same paper) BUT Homotherium had much shorter canines than Smilodon, and very different facial anatomy generally.

The discussion of Smilodon in the same paper leans toward comparisons to walruses and musk deer being a better living correlate to Smilodon's facial anatomy, suggesting it did indeed have exposed canines.

Mark Witton also has a good rebuttal to the exposed teeth meme here where he says:

"(...) we can look at classic reconstructions of machairodontid cats like Smilodon with perpetually bared fangs as reasonable because, unless their lips were arranged differently to virtually all their living relatives, that’s simply how their lip tissues would respond to a massive set of canines."

[actioncancerhospital24]

Is Plastic Surgery Right for You? Key Questions to Ask Yourself Before Deciding

Plastic surgery has become increasingly common as individuals seek to enhance their physical appearance, improve their self-confidence, or address medical concerns. While the results can be life-changing, undergoing a cosmetic or reconstructive procedure is a major decision that should not be taken lightly. If you’re considering plastic surgery, it’s crucial to ask yourself some important questions to ensure it’s the right choice for you.

This guide will help you explore key considerations, from understanding your motivations to evaluating the risks and benefits. By the end, you’ll be better equipped to make an informed decision about whether plastic surgery aligns with your goals and expectations.

1. What Are Your Motivations for Plastic Surgery?

Before undergoing any procedure, take time to reflect on your reasons for pursuing plastic surgery. Are you considering surgery to boost your self-confidence, address a specific physical concern, or respond to external pressures? Understanding your motivations can help you set realistic expectations and determine whether surgery aligns with your personal values.

Ask yourself:

Am I doing this for myself or to please someone else?

Will this procedure genuinely improve my quality of life?

It’s essential to approach plastic surgery as a personal decision rather than one influenced by societal standards or external opinions.

2. Are Your Expectations Realistic?

Setting realistic expectations is one of the most important steps in the decision-making process. Plastic surgery can enhance your appearance but may not completely transform your life or solve deeper emotional issues.

Discuss your goals with a qualified plastic surgeon. They can provide insights into what is achievable based on your anatomy and desired outcome. Remember, every person’s body is unique, and results may vary.

3. Have You Done Thorough Research?

Educating yourself about the procedure you’re considering is critical. Research the following:

Different types of surgeries available

The techniques and technologies used

The potential risks and complications

Recovery times and post-operative care requirements

Reading patient reviews, watching videos, and consulting reputable medical websites can give you a clearer understanding of what to expect.

4. Are You Aware of the Risks Involved?

All surgical procedures, including cosmetic ones, come with inherent risks. These may include:

Infection

Scarring

Anesthesia-related complications

Unsatisfactory results

Be sure to discuss potential risks with your surgeon during the consultation. Understanding the possible complications will help you make an informed decision.

5. Is Your Surgeon Qualified and Experienced?

Choosing the right plastic surgeon is crucial. Look for a board-certified plastic surgeon with extensive experience in the specific procedure you’re considering. Verify their credentials and ask to see before-and-after photos of previous patients.

A reputable surgeon will:

Listen to your concerns

Provide honest advice about your suitability for surgery

Be transparent about potential risks and outcomes

6. Can You Afford the Cost?

Plastic surgery is often expensive and typically not covered by insurance unless it’s medically necessary. Costs include:

Surgeon’s fees

Anesthesia fees

Facility costs

Post-operative care and follow-ups

Plan your budget carefully and consider all associated expenses. Some clinics offer financing options to make procedures more accessible.

7. Are You Physically and Mentally Prepared?

Being in good physical health is essential for a safe surgical experience and optimal results. Conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, or obesity may increase the risk of complications. Additionally, a stable mental and emotional state is equally important.

Plastic surgery should not be viewed as a solution to mental health challenges or low self-esteem. If you’re struggling with emotional issues, consider seeking support from a therapist or counselor before pursuing surgery.

8. Do You Understand the Recovery Process?

Recovery can be a demanding phase that requires time, patience, and support. Make sure you understand:

How long you’ll need to take off work or daily activities

The level of discomfort you might experience

Restrictions on physical activities

Signs of complications that require medical attention

Having a clear recovery plan and support system in place will make the process smoother.

9. How Will Surgery Impact Your Lifestyle?

Plastic surgery may require significant adjustments to your daily life, both during the recovery phase and beyond. Consider how your decision will impact:

Work commitments

Family responsibilities

Social activities

Discuss these factors with your surgeon and loved ones to ensure you’re fully prepared for the changes.

10. Are You Prepared for Possible Revisions?

In some cases, additional procedures may be needed to achieve the desired outcome. Be prepared for the possibility of undergoing revision surgery, which may involve additional costs and recovery time.

Understanding this aspect will help you maintain realistic expectations and reduce potential disappointment.

Conclusion

Deciding whether plastic surgery is right for you requires careful thought, research, and self-reflection. By asking yourself these key questions and consulting with a qualified plastic surgeon, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your goals and priorities.

Remember, plastic surgery is a deeply personal choice that should be made with your best interests in mind. Take your time, seek professional advice, and prioritize your health and well-being throughout the process.

For trusted care and expert guidance, consider consulting the specialists at Action Cancer Hospital. Their team of experienced professionals is committed to helping you achieve your goals safely and effectively.

[insuranceforpetsdogs5645]

Top Plastic Surgery Experts in Noida

When it comes to choosing a plastic surgeon, the decision is a crucial one. Whether you're considering cosmetic enhancements, reconstructive surgery, or any other form of plastic surgery, the expertise of your doctor plays a significant role in the results. If you're in Noida and looking for top-tier professionals, you may be wondering where to find the best plastic surgery doctors in Noida. In this, we'll guide you through how to find the best plastic surgeon in Noida to ensure you make an informed choice.

Why Choosing the Right Plastic Surgeon is Crucial

Plastic surgery, whether cosmetic or reconstructive, involves highly skilled procedures that require experience, precision, and a thorough understanding of human anatomy. A good plastic surgeon ensures that the results are not only aesthetically pleasing but also safe. It’s important to remember that the expertise of your surgeon will directly affect the outcome of your surgery.

Choosing a doctor with the right credentials, experience, and specialized knowledge in the procedure you're interested in is the first step towards achieving the results you desire. Here are some key factors to consider when searching for the best plastic surgery doctors in Noida.

Qualifications and Certifications Matter

The best plastic surgeons in Noida will have extensive education and specialized training in the field of plastic surgery. Look for a doctor who is board-certified in plastic surgery. This certification demonstrates that the surgeon has met high standards in both education and practice. Many top-tier surgeons will also have advanced training in specific areas such as facial surgery, breast reconstruction, or body contouring.

Experience is Key

When searching for the best plastic surgeon in Noida, experience in performing the specific procedure you're interested in is crucial. Experienced surgeons will be familiar with potential complications and have a proven track record of successful surgeries. It’s a good idea to ask potential surgeons about their experience with the particular procedure you're considering, whether it's rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, liposuction, or any other type of plastic surgery.

Reputation and Reviews

Another important aspect to consider when searching for the best plastic surgery doctors in Noida is their reputation. Patient reviews, before-and-after photos, and testimonials can provide valuable insight into the quality of care provided. Take the time to research online reviews, and ask your doctor for before-and-after images of previous patients who had similar procedures.

Many surgeons also offer consultations to discuss your specific needs. This is a great opportunity to assess the surgeon's communication skills, understanding of your goals, and ability to answer your questions thoroughly.

State-of-the-Art Facilities

The best plastic surgeons in Noida will work out of state-of-the-art clinics or hospitals. Modern equipment and a sterile, safe environment are essential for a successful surgical outcome. Additionally, the clinic should follow all necessary protocols for patient care, including proper post-operative care. A clinic with advanced technology can also help with non-surgical procedures such as Botox injections or laser skin treatments.

Personal Compatibility and Comfort

A successful plastic surgery experience is not only about the technical skills of your surgeon but also about feeling comfortable and confident in your choice. When you meet with a surgeon, pay attention to how they address your concerns, explain the procedure, and make you feel at ease. Comfort and trust are essential for a positive experience, as you'll be working closely with your surgeon before, during, and after the procedure.

Cost Considerations

While cost shouldn’t be the only factor in your decision-making process, it is still an important consideration. The cost of plastic surgery can vary depending on the complexity of the procedure, the surgeon's experience, and the clinic's location. The best plastic surgeons in Noida will offer transparent pricing and give you a clear breakdown of all costs involved. While opting for a surgeon with lower fees may seem appealing, remember that quality and safety should always come first.

Conclusion: 

Choosing the best plastic surgeon in Noida can be a life-changing decision, and it’s important to make your choice based on careful research and consideration. Focus on factors such as the surgeon’s qualifications, experience, reputation, and the quality of their clinic. A personal consultation will allow you to ask questions and understand the process better.

By taking these steps, you'll be on your way to finding the best plastic surgery doctors in Noida who can help you achieve your desired results with safety and professionalism.

[dutifullykeencoffee]

Innovations in Breast Augmentation at Rodeo Drive Plastic Surgery

Introduction

In the ever-evolving world of cosmetic surgery, innovations are the cornerstone for enhancing patient safety, comfort, and satisfaction. One such establishment that stands out is Rodeo Drive Plastic Surgery, helmed by the esteemed Dr. Lloyd Krieger. This article delves deep into the cutting-edge techniques and methodologies redefining breast augmentation, particularly focusing on the advancements surrounding breast implants, including both saline breast implants and silicone breast implants.

Innovations in Breast Augmentation at Rodeo Drive Plastic Surgery

At Rodeo Drive Plastic Surgery, innovative practices are at the forefront of breast augmentation procedures. Dr. Lloyd Krieger employs advanced technologies and surgical techniques to ensure that each patient receives personalized care tailored to their unique anatomy and aesthetic goals. From minimally invasive methods to state-of-the-art implant materials, the innovations in this practice not only enhance physical appearance but also elevate overall patient experience.

Understanding Breast Augmentation What Is Breast Augmentation?

Breast augmentation is a surgical procedure aimed at enhancing the size and shape of a woman’s breasts through either saline or silicone breast implants. The motivations behind seeking breast augmentation can plastic surgeon near me vary widely—from enhancing body image to reconstructive needs post-mastectomy.

Types of Breast Implants Saline Breast Implants

Saline breast implants consist of a silicone outer shell filled with sterile saltwater. They can be filled during surgery, allowing for a smaller incision. Some advantages include:

Adjustability: Surgeons can modify the volume during surgery. Uniform shape and firmness.

However, they may have a higher risk of visible rippling compared to silicone implants.

Silicone Breast Implants

Silicone breast implants contain a gel-like substance that mimics natural breast tissue more closely than saline. Advantages include:

A more natural feel. Lower visibility of rippling.

Nonetheless, monitoring is crucial as leaks may go unnoticed without regular check-ups.

The Role of Dr. Lloyd Krieger in Innovations Experience and Expertise

Dr. Lloyd Krieger brings years of experience to Rodeo Drive https://sites.google.com/view/bestplasticsurgery-beverlyhill/home Plastic Surgery, making him one of the most sought-after plastic surgeons in Beverly Hills. His dedication to continual learning ensures that he stays abreast of all advancements in breast augmentation techniques.

Patient-Centric Approach

One key aspect of Dr. Krieger's practice is his unwavering commitment to patient-centric care. Every procedure begins with an extensive consultation where he discusses options thoroughly—helping patients understand what each type of implant entails.

Cutting-Edge Technologies Used in Breast Augmentation 3D Imaging Technology

One remarkable innovation in breast augmentation is 3D imaging technology, which allows patients to visualize potential outcomes before undergoing surgery. This helps set realistic expectations