#Turkey biggest export

[seairexim]

The Essential Guide to the Exports of Turkey

Turkey's export sector is an integral pillar of its economy, demonstrating both diversity and resilience. The nation's strategic location, bridging Europe and Asia, has endowed it with a unique advantage, allowing swift access to various markets. Over the decades, Turkey has honed its export capabilities through technological advancements, enhanced production efficiency, and strategic international partnerships. This amalgamation of factors has not only spurred robust growth in its export sector but has also positioned Turkey as a formidable player in the global trade landscape. From automotive products and textiles to agricultural goods and high-tech equipment, Turkey’s export portfolio is extensive and varied, ensuring its economic stability and adaptability in a competitive international market. This guide delves deep into the historical growth, key factors, statistical insights, exports of Turkey, and contributions of various sectors that underscore Turkey’s significant presence in global exports.

Historical Perspective: Growth of Turkey's Export Sector

The history of Turkey's export sector is marked by a series of transformative milestones. In the early 1980s, the country adopted an export-oriented industrialization strategy, which significantly boosted its export capabilities. Since then, Turkey has continuously expanded and diversified its export portfolio. The establishment of customs unions with the European Union and free trade agreements with multiple countries has further accelerated Turkey's export growth, making it a competitive player in global trade.

Factors Contributing to the Strength of Turkey's Export

Several factors have contributed to the strength and resilience of Turkey's export sector. First and foremost, Turkey’s geographical position offers a significant advantage, allowing easy access to European, Asian, and Middle Eastern markets. Additionally, a skilled workforce, advanced manufacturing infrastructure, and government policies promoting export activities have played critical roles. Furthermore, major export of Turkey range from high-value automobiles to essential textiles, ensuring its economic stability and growth in the competitive global marketplace.

Analyzing Turkey’s Export Data Over the Years

The examination of Turkey export data reveals a positive trajectory over the years. The country has shown impressive growth in both the volume and value of its exports, indicating a robust and dynamic export sector. By analyzing data from various years, trends and patterns emerge, highlighting the nation's ability to adapt to global market demands and geopolitical changes. Such data not only underscores Turkey's export achievements but also provides insights into future opportunities and challenges.

Key Statistical Insights and Trends in Turkey’s Exports

A closer look at the statistical insights and trends in Turkey’s exports reveals several critical points. Key commodities such as automotive products, machinery, and textiles consistently rank high in export volumes and values. Additionally, the data indicates a steady expansion into new markets, particularly in regions like Africa and Latin America. The trend of increasing exports of high-tech products also suggests Turkey's shift towards more sophisticated and value-added goods, enhancing its competitive edge.

A Comprehensive List of Turkey's Export Products

The top exports of Turkey are diverse, ranging from industrial goods to agricultural produce. Key export items include:

Automotive products

Machinery and equipment

Textiles and clothing

Iron and steel

Electronics and home appliances

Agricultural products

Chemical products

Minerals and metals

Categorical Breakdown of Turkey's Export Products

Further breaking down Turkey export products list categorically, the country’s exports can be grouped into industrial, agricultural, and high-tech goods. Industrial exports mainly include:

Automobiles and automotive parts

Machinery and mechanical appliances

Iron and steel products

Agricultural exports cover a wide range of products, such as:

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Grains and pulses

Nuts and dried fruits

High-tech goods primarily involve:

Electronics and electrical machinery

Medical devices and equipment

Automotive Industry: A Keystone in Turkey's Export Market

The Turkey biggest export in the market is automobiles and automotive parts, automotive industry is a cornerstone of Turkey’s export sector, with a vast array of vehicles and automotive parts being shipped worldwide. Turkey is known for its high-quality production in the automotive sector, catering to demands from Europe, the Middle East, and beyond. Major international brands have established manufacturing plants in Turkey, boosting the country’s output and export capacity. This sector's success is attributed to its cutting-edge technology, efficient production processes, and skilled workforce.

The Pivotal Role of Textiles and Apparels in Turkish Exports

Textiles and apparel constitute a significant portion of Turkey's export market. Renowned for high-quality fabrics and innovative designs, Turkish textile exports have gained substantial popularity in international markets. The sector benefits from a long-standing tradition of textile production, coupled with modern techniques and sustainable practices. This blend of heritage and innovation has cemented Turkey's position as a leading exporter in the global textile industry.

Understanding the Export Influence of Turkey's Agriculture Sector

Agriculture holds a fundamental place in Turkey's export portfolio, with a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, and processed agricultural products making a vital contribution to the country’s export revenues. The country’s favourable climate and fertile land support the cultivation of numerous crops. Additionally, Turkey’s agricultural exports meet international quality standards, ensuring the country's competitive stance in the global agricultural market.

Highlighting Turkey’s Most Significant Export Commodities

Among Turkey’s myriad export commodities, some hold particular significance due to their volume and value. These include automotive products, which are a major revenue generator. Iron and steel products also play a crucial role, given their use in various industrial applications globally. Furthermore, textiles and apparel remain a staple in Turkey's export mix, driven by quality and global demand. Each of these commodities reflects Turkey's strategic strengths in specific sectors.

Investigating Turkey's Leading Export Products by Volume and Value

Examining Turkey’s leading export products by both volume and value provides a comprehensive view of the country’s export economy. Automotive products top the list, followed by machinery, textiles, and iron and steel. Notably, agricultural products such as fruits and nuts also feature prominently, highlighting the diversity of Turkey’s export base. This analysis underscores the multifaceted nature of Turkey's exports and the country's ability to leverage various sectors for economic growth.

Top Export Markets for Turkish Goods

Turkey exports its goods to a wide array of international markets, with the European Union being one of the largest recipients. Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom are significant destinations for Turkish exports, reflecting strong trade relations within Europe. Additionally, the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia also represent important markets, showcasing Turkey’s global reach. Each region presents unique opportunities and challenges that Turkey adeptly navigates to maintain its export growth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Turkey's export sector exemplifies a dynamic and multifaceted engine of economic growth. The nation's strategic geographic position, coupled with its robust manufacturing infrastructure and skilled workforce, has facilitated its overall export success. Turkey’s diverse range of export products, from high-value automotive components to high-quality textiles and agricultural goods, ensures economic resilience and adaptability in the global market. Historical milestones, such as the adoption of export-oriented industrialization in the 1980s and the establishment of various trade agreements, have significantly boosted Turkey’s export capacity. As the nation continues to expand into new markets and shift towards more sophisticated, value-added goods, the future of Turkey's export sector remains promising. By analyzing past trends and understanding the contributions of various sectors, Turkey can continue to navigate international trade challenges and seize global opportunities, thereby sustaining its growth and competitiveness on the world stage.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the main products exported by Turkey?

 Turkey’s top exports include automotive products, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, electronics, agricultural products, chemical products, and minerals and metals. Each of these categories plays a significant role in contributing to the nation's economic stability and growth.  

Q2. Which regions are the primary destinations for Turkish exports?

Turkey exports to a diverse range of international markets, with the European Union being the largest recipient. Key countries include Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Additionally, notable markets in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia have been expanding, reflecting Turkey’s global trade reach.

Q3. How does Turkey's strategic location benefit its export sector?  

Turkey's geographical position, bridging Europe and Asia, offers a significant advantage by facilitating easy access to various markets. This strategic location enables efficient transportation and logistics, enhancing Turkey's ability to meet global demand rapidly.  

Q4. What factors have contributed to the growth of Turkey’s export sector?  

Several factors contribute to the strength of Turkey’s export sector, including its strategic location, a skilled workforce, advanced manufacturing infrastructure, and supportive government policies. Additionally, partnerships through customs unions and free trade agreements have played crucial roles in bolstering export activities.  

Q5. How has Turkey’s export sector evolved over time?  

Turkey adopted an export-oriented industrialization strategy in the early 1980s, which significantly boosted its export capabilities. Since then, the country has diversified its export portfolio and expanded its reach, aided by strategic international collaborations and continuous improvements in production efficiency. 

Q6. What role does the automotive industry play in Turkey’s exports? 

The automotive industry is a cornerstone of Turkey's export sector, known for its high-quality production and significant contribution to export revenues. Major international brands have established manufacturing plants in Turkey, highlighting the country’s capacity and expertise in this sector. 

Q7. Why are textiles and apparel significant in Turkey’s export market?

Textiles and apparel hold a prominent place due to Turkey's long-standing tradition of high-quality textile production and innovative designs. The blend of heritage and modern techniques, along with sustainable practices, has cemented Turkey’s position as a leading exporter in the global textile industry. 

Q8. What are the future opportunities and challenges for Turkey's export sector?  

While Turkey’s export sector shows a positive trajectory, future opportunities lie in expanding into emerging markets and enhancing high-tech product exports. However, the sector must navigate challenges such as geopolitical changes and global market fluctuations to sustain its competitive edge.  

[poxinox]

Ul'dah headcanons

Ul'dah has a immense amount of wealth (and a lot of income disparity, yes I know) and is a massive city but I just never personally felt that reflected in game. Anyway, here are some small headcanons and little lore bits I play around with to help with some needed worldbuilding. Please feel free to yoink these, build on them etc, don't need to credit just have fun. (All images used can be found on this Pinterest board I keep updated here and there.)

Coffee is the main drink of choice in Ul'dah. It is one of their biggest exports. You can find both small and large coffeehouses throughout the massive city. (Depicitions above of Ottaman coffeehouses.) Coffee is served as is shown above. ( Called a Cezve or Ibrik, both words mean the same thing) Here is a video of one of the methods used to make coffee

I like birds, so did you know the Ottoman empire made these lovely stone homes for the birds? Now you do. Ul'dah also a lot of them. How nice.

Baklava, Lamb, Turkish delight (or Lokum) are just a taste of the cuisine Ul'dah offers!

Ul'dah has public bathhouses, some Turkish bathhouses above to fuel some ideas!

Some snapshots of around Ul'dah. If you want an idea of where to research more ideas for yourself as well, Ul'dah already takes influence from Turkey and the Ottoman empire. Those are great places to start.

(I may update this as I go but this is just the general ideas I keep in mind when I write Ul'dah.)

[zvaigzdelasas]

Afghanistan’s Taliban has signed seven mining contracts that would bring roughly $6.5 billion in investments to the ruling government, the Associated Press reported on Thursday. This figure, AP says, represents the biggest round of deals made by Taliban since seizing power two years ago. According to AP, the contracts are with locally based companies, many of whom have foreign partners in countries including China, Iran and Turkey. They include the extraction and processing of iron ore, lead, zinc, gold and copper in four provinces: Herat, Ghor, Logar and Takhar.[...]

In an official statement, Dilawar said that the agreement with a Chinese company for gold extraction in Takhar would bring the Taliban government a 65% share of the earnings over five years. He added that other contracts involving Turkish, Iranian and British investments related to mining and processing iron ore in Herat would earn the government a 13% share over 30 years. “It will eventually turn Afghanistan into an exporter of iron,” he said.[...]

Tamim Asey, a former official with the Afghan ministry of mines and petroleum, is more skeptical of the Taliban’s new dealings, calling the announcement “mere propaganda.”

31 Aug 23

[hasufin]

Scale of the problem

I'm currently reading this book, Combat-Ready Kitchen. See, food preservation is one of my little fascinations - I love making food in general, and preserving it is a fun thing besides. One of my most popular posts was about hardtack; I do pressure canning on the regular; and I make my own turkey jerky - just to mention a few things.

So, obviously this is a topic of interest for me. Now, I have some issues with the book - basically I mildly-to-strongly disagree with most of the characterization of history prior to 1900, which does make me a little wary: if you're pushing a poorly-supported theory on sedentism, can I really trust you about K-rations?

That said, the book brings up an important, and horrifying point. See, the gist of the book is that the US military has played an enormous role in food science of the 20th and 21st centuries. Many processed food we eat today use techniques which were developed to create fieldable rations for soldiers.

And this leakage of military technology into the civilian sphere is very, very intentional. See, the idea is that if the USA were to, oh, decide to field an army of 20 million people, they would need only call up Frito-Lay, ConAgra, &c, and say "You need to start making food for the military now, the bill will pass Congress within the week" and that's a thing which can happen. Because the process which is used to make Cheetos is also the process to make "Corn-based snack food, cheese-flavored". The granola bars you take with you on road trips are the granola bars they put in MREs. It's the same technology, just with advertising.

And I'm realizing, from my time working for the US government - it's that way all around. You assume the emphasis on COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) products is meant to save money - and it is - but it's also meant to assure that at any given time the USA has a manufacturing capacity which can be almost instantly be turned into cranking out America's biggest export: war.

USA policy, from the end of WWII until the 80s, was focused on assuring that America had the industrial capacity to manufacture the largest war machine in history. Since the 80s that has been vastly reduced - apparently the plutocrats felt that breaking unions was more important than killing people - but the technology transfer and supply chains still exist.

All it would take is an act of Congress to turn the entire USA into a military.

[whywouldyouaskthatpod]

Silphium was a North African herb that came from the area around modern Libya that the Roman's really loved for a few reason, not least of which because it was supposedly a great form of birth control. Not just birth control, this cool little plant had some amazing resin that was used as a cure-all for nausea, fevers, chills, and more! People outside of Libya enjoyed it's contraceptive properties so much that the area exported so much Silphium that the city became one of the biggest economic powers at the time. That's how it ended up on this coin pictured above.

They used it so often, in fact, that the plant went extinct before the fall of the Roman Empire. However, it might not be extinct after all! According to a report from National Geographic, Mahmut Miski first discovered — or perhaps rediscovered — a blooming yellow plant in regions of Turkey back in 1983. If you're interested, read about the discovery here and find out the fate of the amazing plant!

You can hear us talk about it on this week's episode Heartfelt History: Symbol of Love!

Screen Reader text is in the image description.

[trustednewstribune]

Saudi Arabia dives into Ukraine war peace push with Jeddah talks

India has also confirmed its attendance in Jeddah, describing the move as in line "with our longstanding position" that "dialogue and diplomacy is the way forward."

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia was set to host talks on the Ukraine war on Saturday in the latest flexing of its diplomatic muscle, though expectations are mild for what the gathering might achieve.

The meeting of national security advisers and other officials in the Red Sea coastal city of Jeddah underscores Riyadh's "readiness to exert its good offices to contribute to reaching a solution that will result in permanent peace," the official Saudi Press Agency said Friday.

Invitations were sent to around 30 countries, Russia not among them, according to diplomats familiar with the preparations. The SPA report said only that "a number of countries" would attend.

It follows Ukraine-organised talks in Copenhagen in June that were designed to be informal and did not yield an official statement.

Instead, diplomats said the sessions were intended to engage a range of countries in debates about a path towards peace, notably members of the BRICS bloc with Russia that have adopted a more neutral stance on the war in contrast to Western powers.

Speaking on Friday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky welcomed the wide range of countries represented in the Jeddah talks, including developing countries that have been hit hard by the surge in food prices triggered by the war.

"This is very important because, on issues such as food security, the fate of millions of people in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world directly depends on how fast the world moves to implement the peace formula," he said.

Saudi Arabia, the world's biggest crude exporter which works closely with Russia on oil policy, has touted its ties to both sides and positioned itself as a possible mediator in the war, now nearly a year and a half old.

"In hosting the summit, Saudi Arabia wants to reinforce its bid to become a global middle power with the ability to mediate conflicts while asking us to forget some of its failed strategies and actions of the past, like its Yemen intervention or the murder of Jamal Khashoggi," said Joost Hiltermann, Middle East programme director for the International Crisis Group.

The 2018 slaying of Khashoggi, a Saudi columnist for The Washington Post, by Saudi agents in Turkey once threatened to isolate Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the kingdom's de facto ruler. But the energy crisis produced by the Ukraine war elevated Saudi Arabia's global importance, helping to facilitate his rehabilitation.

Moving forward Riyadh "wants to be in the company of an India or a Brazil, because only as a club can these middle powers hope to have an impact on the world stage," Hiltermann added.

"Whether they will be able to agree on all things, such as the Ukraine war, is a big question."

'Balancing'

Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, failing in its attempt to take Kyiv but seizing swathes of territory that Western-backed Ukrainian troops are fighting to recapture.

Beijing, which says it is a neutral party in the conflict but has been criticised by Western capitals for refusing to condemn Moscow, announced on Friday it would participate in the Jeddah talks. "China is willing to work with the international community to continue to play a constructive role in promoting a political settlement of the Ukraine crisis," said foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin.

India has also confirmed its attendance in Jeddah, describing the move as in line "with our longstanding position" that "dialogue and diplomacy is the way forward."

South Africa said it too will take part.

Saudi Arabia has backed UN Security Council resolutions denouncing Russia's invasion as well as its unilateral annexation of territory in eastern Ukraine.

Yet last year, Washington criticised oil production cuts approved in October, saying they amounted to "aligning with Russia" in the war.

This May, the kingdom hosted Zelensky at an Arab summit in Jeddah, where he accused some Arab leaders of turning "a blind eye" to the horrors of Russia's invasion.

In sum, Riyadh has adopted a "classic balancing strategy" that could soften Russia's response to this weekend's summit, said Umar Karim, an expert on Saudi politics at the University of Birmingham.

"They're working with the Russians on several files, so I guess Russia will deem such an initiative if not totally favourable then not unacceptable as well."

[ysbnews]

Turkey Handed Masterplan to Outsmart Putin As ‘Gas Bonanza' Discovered Off Cyprus

EXPRESS  |  By  Cassia Barba  |  8/25/2022

A LARGE natural gas discovery near Cyprus could shake Putin's aims over the war in Ukraine and Europe's dependency on Russian gas, it was reported. Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, which followed the breakout of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a devastating energy crisis across Europe, driving fuel prices and inflation to unprecedented highs. But on Monday, it was announced energy companies TotalEnergies and ENI made a significant gas discovery offshore Cyprus.  

Exxon Mobil Discovers huge natural gas reserve off Cyprus - EXPRESS via © Daily Sabah 

The Cronos-1 well encountered several good quality carbonate reservoir intervals and confirmed overall net gas pay of more than 260 meters, TotalEnergies said in a statement.  The quantity of gas is estimated to be around 2.5 trillion cubic feet, according to ENI.  The company added that a further exploration well will be created in the area in order to investigate the potential for “significant” additional upside.

Liquefied natural gas import terminal and cement works in the Limassol district in southern Cyprus - EXPRESS via © Getty Images

Kevin McLachlan, Senior Vice President, Exploration at TotalEnergies said: “This successful exploration well at Cronos-1 is another illustration of the impact of our Exploration strategy which is focused on discovering resources with low technical cost and low carbon emissions, to contribute to energy security including to provide additional sources of gas supply to Europe.” While Eni said in a statement that the gas discovery “can unlock additional potential in the area and is part of Eni’s successful effort to provide further gas supply to Europe”, bringing hope the energy crisis could be eased. 

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks with in background, Abdulhamid Han drill ship - © Getty Images

However, reporting on the discovery in an article titled “New discoveries confirm that a huge gas bonanza lies in the sea off Cyprus. Can it help solve Europe's gas shortage?”, the German Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, wrote “it will probably be years before gas from Cyprus, should it be produced, reaches European consumers”.  The newspaper quoted Moritz Rau, energy expert at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, claiming that Cypriot gas will not be available in the short term, and exporting it to international markets would probably fuel conflicts with Turkey.  

Notably, the expert concluded that “the obstacles outweigh the benefits” since the infrastructure for a business model is still missing.  And investors to enable that model are “difficult to find as long as EU demand is not secured in the long term and it is not foreseeable that the project will be profitable”, according to Rau. But further to the financial obstacles, Rau also cites serious political obstacles to the exploitation of Cyprus' gas fields in addition to economic ones.  The island has been divided since 1974, after Turkey occupied the northern part in response to a Greek-inspired coup - and continues to occupy it to this day.

The conflict and Turkey's quest for supremacy in the region are likely to pose strong barriers before Cypriot gas is traded internationally, the expert claimed, adding that Turkish Cypriots will have to share in the profits. Ankara has repeatedly made it clear by pushing away research ships and unlawful explorations “that an international marketing of Cypriot gas reserves can only be implemented with Turkish consent”, says Rau.

▶️  Read the latest Ukraine News with videos on EXPRESS 

[head-post]

Reverse effect of Zelensky’s Swiss peace summit

Volodymyr Zelensky’s Global Peace Summit in Switzerland was supposed to show the world’s support for Kyiv and emphasise Russia’s isolation, but it turned out the other way round, The Spectator reports.

Russia was not invited. China did not send a delegation. Other major countries, including Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and the UAE, refused to sign the truncated final communiqué.

According to a former senior official in Zelensky’s administration, the Ukrainian leader “hoped the conference would be a new point of international support…. [but] it only showed how much support we have lost in the Global South.”

For almost all countries and global blocs, economic and strategic interests took precedence over principles. The EU took the lead in imposing sanctions but did not ban Russian oil, only capping the price at $60 a barrel rather than $73 for Urals crude. Europe has never imposed sanctions on Russian gas. It continues to import 15 per cent of its natural gas, of which 8 per cent comes from Russia via Ukraine and Slovakia. Last year, Gazprom paid Ukraine $850 million for transit, about 0.46 per cent of Kyiv’s GDP, making the Kremlin one of Ukraine’s biggest taxpayers. Only 8 per cent of EU companies have completely divested themselves of Russian assets.

Zelensky is the greatest salesman, Trump says

Senior US diplomats continue to forbid Ukraine from using long-range weapons on Russian territory (except for missile launch pads). Kyiv was recently advised to stop attacking Russian oil refineries for fear of causing an oil crisis. Donald Trump, meanwhile, recently said he would veto additional aid to Ukraine. He added:

“Zelensky is probably the greatest salesman of all living politicians. Whenever he comes to our country, he leaves it with $60 billion …. And then he comes back and says he needs another $60 billion.”

The Global South wants to keep importing Ukrainian grain and cheap Russian oil. India’s economy has grown thanks to vastly increased imports of Russian oil, much of which is re-exported back to Europe in the form of refined petrol. Turkey imports Russian gas and re-exports it to southern Europe, and has an extensive trade in agricultural and consumer products. The UAE has become a banking centre for Russia, which is under sanctions. China has nearly doubled its trade with Russia to more than $200 billion a year.

Sanctions have no power

The West’s reluctance to cut energy exports has allowed Russia to ignore sanctions. Russia’s GDP will grow more this year than any G7 country. Life in Moscow is almost normal thanks to parallel imports through neighbouring countries. Only 0.4 per cent of Moscow residents of military age have served in the army, compared with about 9 per cent in other regions such as Tuva and Buryatia.

The world seems to be engaged in “pre-peace” positioning. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz recently predicted that the war would end at the “next” peace summit – and that Russia should be invited to it.

Meanwhile, the conference in Switzerland on Ukraine was not a peace negotiation; it requires Russia’s participation, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, US Permanent Representative to the United Nations, said. She added at the UN meeting:

“This summit was not a formal negotiation. At the end of the day, a negotiated end to the war will require both Russia and Ukraine to sit down at the negotiating table in good faith.”

Read more HERE

[tsasocial]

ITM Istanbul with strong VDMA participation

ITM, to be held in Istanbul at the beginning of June, will once again see a strong participation of VDMA member companies. Almost 90 exhibitors from Germany will exhibit at the trade fair, most of whom are members of the VDMA. In addition to the VDMA member companies exhibiting with their own booth, numerous VDMA members will be represented in Istanbul via agents. They cover nearly all different machinery chapters with a focus on spinning, nonwoven, weaving, knitting, warp knitting, and finishing.

In Istanbul, the VDMA members will show their latest innovations. In technological terms, significant trends are digitalization and automation. These themes have been present for some time but will continue to play a central role in meeting the challenges for many years to come. Another trend that has also been around for a while is sustainability. Today it is much more than a buzzword: Efficiency in energy, raw materials or water as well as recycling are not feel-good issues but have a real economic and social background.

For the textile machinery manufacturers organized in the VDMA, Turkey is a major trading partner. In 2023, textile machinery and accessories worth approximately 350 million euros were exported from Germany to Turkey, which made Turkey the second biggest sales market for German companies. After three years in which China was the most important supplier of textile machinery to Turkey, Germany has now regained this top position.

Turkey is at the doorstep of Europe, which gives Turkish textile producers a powerful geographic advantage over Asian sourcing destinations. The textile companies in the region have deep experience and know-how in making the highest quality textile and apparel for leading markets of Europe and employ a young, dynamic, and well-educated workforce.

But ITM is not just a place for visitors from Turkey, as Dr. Harald Weber, Managing Director of the VDMA Textile Machinery Association explains: “It should not be forgotten that ITM not only attracts visitors from Turkey but also from the Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. Turkey’s proximity to the European Union and its fully integrated textile value chain also makes it interesting in terms of the EU’s strategy for sustainable and circular textiles and the increasing importance of recycling in the future.”

[chhajedabrex]

Abrex 600 Plates Stockists

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DESCRIPTION:- Vadan Steel Engineering Co. is a leading provider of comprehensive steel engineering services. Since the fundamental limit of ABREX is to give assurance from scratched territory, in this way we try to manufacture precision fabricated Abrex 600 Plates, which are extensively known for their positive conditions like high insurance from effect, weld breaking point, handiness, and significantly more. One progressively included piece of breathing space that goes with the usage of ABREX 600 sheets and plates is that the greatness of the fundamental part reduces enormously, which shows to be of authentic help with truly grinding working conditions. This associates in growing the future of the mechanical parts related with these sheets and plates. At Vandan Steel & Engg. co., we attempt to cling ourselves to all the fundamental worldwide models and benchmarks of collecting, to retreat the entire methodology. In addition, the amassing of Abrex 600 Abrasion Resistant Plates and Sheets, is done in proximity of all the skilled and experienced partners, who work relentlessly towards collecting the best grouping of things for our customers.

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[palamidasoliveoil]

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Guaranteed Natural, Palamidas 

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[xtruss]

Amid Global Transitions, Kazakhstan is an Emerging Swing Player

Kazakhstan is assuming an increasingly important role amid a global energy transition and regional diplomatic shifts.

— By Eugene Chausovsky | Published November 29, 2023

Image Credit: Shutterstock

From the landmark Biden-Xi Summit in San Francisco to the upcoming COP28 UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai, November is proving to be a busy month for global diplomacy. Both events highlight some of the world’s biggest challenges at this time, from the increasingly contentious U.S.-China relationship to the disruptions associated with climate change and the management of the global energy transition. One country that may play a surprisingly important role in shaping each of these major themes in the coming months and years is Kazakhstan.

Located in Central Asia, Kazakhstan sits astride strategic real estate in the middle of the Eurasian supercontinent. The country has long borders with both Russia and China, and it is a significant producer and exporter of energy sources like oil, natural gas, and uranium. The combination of this location and resources has made Kazakhstan of substantial interest to external powers, most notably its two giant neighbors. Russia has had influential ties to Kazakhstan for centuries and remains an important trade and security partner. In the meantime, China has emerged as a significant economic player in Kazakhstan over the past decade. Chinese president Xi Jinping even announced the launch of the flagship Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Astana in 2013.

More recently, Kazakhstan has been building ties with other important players as it pursues a “multi-vector” foreign policy. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in Feb 2022 and Moscow’s associated standoff with the West, along with China’s economic slowdown, have exposed the dangers of relying too heavily on its immediate neighbors. As such, Kazakhstan has sought to diversify its ties around the world, increasing diplomatic and economic engagement with various regional and global players, ranging from Turkey and the Gulf states to the United States and European Union.

Such engagement should not be seen simply as a replacement for Kazakhstan’s ties with either Russia or China. Instead, it reflects the global shift to an increasingly multipolar world, as well as Kazakhstan’s growing attractiveness to numerous influential players. Not only is the country a major producer and exporter of fossil fuels, but it is also a potentially pivotal player when it comes to the global energy transition to combat climate change. Kazakhstan contains significant deposits of critical minerals needed for solar, wind, and electric batteries (many of which are currently being sourced from countries like China and the Democratic Republic of Congo), and it could be a significant exporter of clean fuels like green hydrogen in the future.

And just as the world is going through the global climate transition and increasing multipolarity, Kazakhstan has been undergoing an essential transition of its own on the domestic front. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, who came into power in 2019 and succeeded the long-serving leader of Nursultan Nazarbayev, has pursued a democratic reform agenda in the country, which has included limiting presidential term limits, streamlining the process for establishing new political parties, and abolishing the death penalty. Tokayev, who previously served as Director-General of the UN Office in Geneva, has also pursued economic reforms and leveraged a European mentality to build up Kazakhstan’s ties with the West.

This was seen most recently during French President Emmanuel Macron’s meeting with Tokayev during a visit to Kazakhstan on November 1, during which the French leader acknowledged the country’s reform dynamics and thanked his counterpart for Kazakhstan’s adherence to Western sanctions imposed on Russia. The two leaders also signed economic deals, including a partnership agreement on rare earth minerals. A subsequent EU-Kazakhstan business forum held in Brussels on November 14 highlighted strong and growing trade and investment ties, noting Europe’s accelerating demand for critical raw materials.

In the meantime, Kazakhstan has also been developing stronger ties with the United States, with Tokayev participating in the first-ever head-of-state C5+1 summit between President Joe Biden and Central Asian leaders on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York on September 19. This summit has been followed by working-level meetings between the United States and Kazakhstan, including the holding of the Kazakhstan-U.S. Enhanced Strategic Partnership Dialogue (ESPD) in Astana on November 6.

Following the announcement of plans to establish a C5+1 Critical Minerals Dialogue at the UNGA summit, discussions of “clean energy deployment and combating the climate crisis” featured heavily on the agenda for U.S. and Kazakh officials.

Thus, Kazakhstan is emerging as a significant player in the West’s climate transition plans, and it could prove to be an important weathervane for U.S.-China relations as well. Despite tensions between the two countries on issues like Taiwan and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Xi and Biden did strike a more cooperative tone on climate change during their summit on November 15. This included a joint pledge by the world’s two largest economies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ramp up renewable energy production by 2030. Despite their competition in other areas, this could incentivize both Washington and Beijing to engage with Kazakhstan and elsewhere in Central Asia in a collaborative, or at least constructive, manner.

At the same time, there are risks that such climate cooperation between the United States and China can be reversed, as was the case following the visit of U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) to Taiwan in August 2022. There are also risks that American efforts to compete with China’s BRI projects and general economic penetration in Kazakhstan could be seen by either Washington or Beijing as a zero-sum game, as opposed to Astana’s preference to pursue projects with both simultaneously.

Meanwhile, the role of Russia as a potential spoiler cannot be ruled out regarding U.S. and EU efforts to develop ties with Kazakhstan in what Moscow views as its “sphere of privileged influence.” With Kazakhstan unwilling to support Russia’s war in Ukraine, Moscow may look increasingly nervously at Astana’s efforts to build ties with other external players, especially those in the West. As such, the same dynamics that have made Kazakhstan more attractive could also make the competition over the country more dynamic.

Regardless, Kazakhstan is bound to play an influential role in many of the transitions that are currently underway, from the global energy transition to regional diplomatic shifts in Eurasia to what is an increasingly multipolar world. While it may not grab headlines during the Xi-Biden meeting or the COP28 summit at the end of this month, Kazakhstan could be a pivotal swing player in shaping the broader trends that underpin them for a long time to come.

— Eugene Chausovsky is a Senior Director at the New Lines Institute. Chausovsky previously served as a Senior Eurasia Analyst at the geopolitical intelligence firm Stratfor for more than ten years. His analytical work has focused on political, economic, and security issues pertaining to Russia, Eurasia, and China, as well as global connectivity issues related to energy and climate change.

[mariacallous]

Grain Trail

Investigations in 2022 by the likes of the Financial Times, Bloomberg, CNN, Reuters, the BBC, the Wall Street Journal and Associated Press have all reported on grain being exported from sanctioned Crimea. Russia has previously denied exporting grain from occupied Ukraine and the Russian government did not respond to emailed request for comment regarding this article. But some in occupied Ukraine appear to have spoken openly about the practice. In June 2022, the head of Russian Crimea was reported to have stated that grain from occupied Kherson and Zaporizhya was being transported to and exported via Sevastopol. A March 2023 news report from a Sevastopol television station, meanwhile, detailed how grain grown in the occupied Melitopol region was being exported from Sevastopol. However, this is just a fraction of the full story.

Such actions are in contravention of United States, European Union and United Kingdom sanctions that have targeted exports from Crimea and Sevastopol. The UK has even specifically targeted grain stolen from eastern Ukraine.

A new investigation by Bellingcat, in partnership with Scripps News and Lloyd’s List, can further reveal:

The identity of at least 10 ships that have surreptitiously visited Sevastopol to load up on grain. Some, although not all, are likely being looked at in detail for the first time.

A small number of vessels have been going back and forth from Sevastopol to secretly deliver grain direct to ports. AIS tracking data, and previous media investigations, suggest these ships were likely going to Syria and Turkey in the first year of the invasion. But it now appears Iran is a destination for some of these vessels as well.

Smaller vessels (each around 100m in length) transported grain from Sevastopol to the Kerch Strait, a narrow waterway situated between Crimea and Russia, where they performed ship to ship transfers with vessels that would then go on to deliver the grain elsewhere. This likely helped disguise the origin of grain from eastern Ukraine. 

An analysis of satellite imagery and AIS data from Lloyd’s List Intelligence shows that ship-to-ship transfers in the Kerch Strait have increased dramatically since the onset of Russia’s full-scale invasion, although there may be several reasons for this

Satellite images taken in 2023 show that Russian ships also appear to have been exporting grain from other ports in Crimea and other occupied territories such as Feodosia, Mariuopol, Berdyansk and Kerch

These findings appear to show the ever increasing complexity of Russia’s operation to move grain from occupied eastern Ukraine out into the wider world.

Russia recently exited the Black Sea grain deal that allowed certain agricultural products from Ukraine, one of the world’s biggest and most important grain exporters, to traverse the Black Sea unmolested. Since the collapse of the agreement mid-July the number of ships leaving from Ukrainian ports such as Odessa has come to a standstill. 

But grain ships are still travelling to and from Russian ports, as well as sanctioned ports in occupied Ukraine. Ships taking part in journeys to and from the latter also continue to go to significant lengths to mask their operations.

...

New Tactics in 2023

Russia’s secret grain operation does not appear to have slowed down in recent months.

However, monitoring it in the same manner has become harder.

More and more ships appear to be turning off AIS tracking while in the Kerch Strait. This is perhaps understandable given the previous targeting of the Crimea Bridge and more recent attacks on a Russian tanker and warship at the nearby Novorossiysk port.  

Rosmorrechflot, Russia’s Federal Agency for Sea and Inland Water Transport, was contacted about the significant decrease in AIS transmissions in the Kerch Strait but did not respond before publication.

Yet Bellingcat and its investigative partners also identified what appeared to be vessels loading grain at several other ports in either Crimea or occupied eastern Ukraine. Some of these observations seem to show evolving tactics for moving grain out of occupied Ukraine.

...

Interestingly, Bellingcat and its investigative partners noted fewer 100m to 140m vessels docking at the Avlita terminal in Sevastopol over the summer of 2023. However, larger vessels like the Mikhail Nenashev, Matros Koshka, Matros Pozynich and Matros Shevchenko all appear to continue to show up regularly in satellite images. This could suggest that fewer vessels are now conducting ship to ship transfers after docking at the Avlita grain terminal.

However, another section of the Port of Sevastopol appears to also be quietly attracting ships in the 100m to 140m size range. The pro-Ukrainian, and often controversial, activist website Myrotvorets reported in 2022 that ships appeared to docking in docking in Kamyshovaya Bay to pick up grain, something that was also noted in a report from the Initiative for the Study of Russian Piracy (which describes itself as “a group of former U.S. government officials, international trade experts, national security experts, and research analysts”).

...

Throughout the summer of 2023, ships could be seen coming and going from Kamyshovaya Bay on satellite imagery.

As confirmation of the ship’s identities seen at this location could not be determined beyond doubt by time of publication, it was not possible to deduce or follow these ships to where their cargo had been delivered or exchanged. 

AIS for these vessels remained switched off the entire time they were in Kamyshovaya Bay. Yet their presence, previous reporting and supporting satellite imagery, suggests this could be yet another exit point for grain coming from occupied Crimea. It must also be noted, though, that Kamyshovaya Bay is also reported to be a location where scrap metal and other goods are shipped from as well. 

Bellingcat contacted the State Unitary Enterprise of the Crimean Republic Crimean Seaports, an agency of the local Russia-imposed authorities, to ask about the presence of ships at Sevastopol, Kerch, Feodosia, Mariupol and Berdyansk but did not receive a response before publication.

[zvaigzdelasas]

Following the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Uzbekistan in September, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared that Turkey intends to become a full member of the SCO, a China-led Eurasian intergovernmental political, economic, and security organization. At present, Turkey is a dialogue member. Full membership would make Turkey the only North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member in the SCO. While Erdogan’s declaration suggests that Ankara is seeking alternatives to its often tense relations with the West, it can also be seen in the context of Turkey’s growing influence in Central Asia and broader geopolitical ambitions.  Following the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, Ankara set up the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency to increase cultural and economic ties with the Central Asian countries. A couple of decades later, in 2009, the Cooperation Council of the Turkic Speaking States (known as the Turkic Council) was formally established. In 2021, the council decided to rename itself as the Organization of Turkic States. Made up of five members –  Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan – and two observer states (Hungary and Turkmenistan), the organization’s participant states are home to around 170 million people and a combined GDP of $1.5 trillion. The trade volume among these countries is estimated at $16 billion.  [...] Sales of one of Turkey’s most powerful and lucrative exports – arms – have boosted the country’s image in Central Asia. Used by Ukraine to destroy Russian military hardware, by Azerbaijan against Armenia in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and elsewhere,Turkey’s drones have also attracted the interest of Central Asian countries. Turkmenistan, for instance, a long-time client of Turkish arms, bought more than one Bayraktar TB2. Kyrgyzstan also bought Turkish drones in 2021 and established a new base for drones last month. Likewise, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan have expressed interest in Turkish drones, while Kazakhstan has agreed to begin domestic production of Turkey’s Anka drones. [...]

Ankara’s greater engagement with Central Asia is partly driven by Turkey’s energy needs and regional energy transit hub ambitions. Given the country’s limited domestic energy reserves, despite significant gas finds in the Black Sea in 2020, Turkey remains significantly dependent on external energy supplies. Ankara is particularly keen to secure energy supplies and transportation corridors that neither Russia nor Iran, eager to develop its own trade with Central Asia, has a monopoly over.

Further linking Turkey’s energy needs and interest in Central Asia is Ankara’s backing of Azerbaijan in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Aside from gaining greater access to Azerbaijani gas and the Caspian Sea, Turkey’s support for Azerbaijan, Ankara’s biggest gas supplier in 2019–2020, will likely result in improved access to Turkmenistan’s enormous gas reserves alongside potential trilateral cooperation hydrocarbon exploration. Such efforts will likely strengthen Ankara’s regional energy hub ambitions through energy infrastructure projects like the proposed Trans-Caspian Pipeline (TCP). The TCP aims to pump gas from Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan and onward into the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) that runs via Turkey into southeastern Europe. [...]

Another aspect to consider is Turkey’s push for greater regional and economic connectivity. By positioning itself as an alternative to Russia’s position in China’s Belt and Road, Ankara seeks to expand its sphere of influence and role in Eurasian and global markets, connecting China, Central Asia, and Europe. While Moscow may still influence Central Asia, this influence appears to be waning, resulting in Central Asian governments eager to find alternative partners.

The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), also known as the Middle Corridor, is a multilateral, multimodal transport route. The route connects China to Turkey and Europe via Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Estimates suggest that TITR will transport between 75,000 to 100,000 containers annually. Rather than traversing across Russia, which has been the main land link between China and Europe for decades, TITR bypasses Russia with the newly built 826-kilometer-long Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway. The BTK railway, sometimes referred to as the Turkish version of the New Silk Road, stretches from the Caspian Sea port of Alat in Baku, Azerbaijan, across Georgia to the city of Kars, Turkey, for access to European markets. 

The China-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan (CKU) railway project, estimated to cost around $4.5 billion, aims to connect China to Europe via Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Turkey. In so doing, it aims to reduce the journey by around 900 kilometers and eight days as well as bypass Russia. Following a tripartite online meeting held by China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan earlier this year, China’s National Development and Reform Commission announced in early June that construction of the transnational CKU railway would begin in spring 2023. Currently, preparations for the three countries to carry out a feasibility study are underway. [...] With the European Union and the United States criticizing Turkey’s human rights record and the U.S. imposing various sanctions on Turkey over the years, Ankara has strengthened relations with its non-Western partners. In 2021, after Turkey bought Russian S-400 defense systems, the U.S. sanctioned Turkey, and removed the country from a U.S.-led program developing F-35 fighter jets.  [...] Meanwhile, Russia is one of Turkey’s main energy suppliers. Its state atomic energy company, Rosatom, is also building Turkey’s first nuclear power plant. [...] Although Beijing has repeatedly warned Ankara not to become involved in Uyghur issues, various conservative and nationalist groups in Turkey are keen for their government to have a say in the issue. An extradition treaty between the two countries was ratified by China in 2020, but Ankara has not done so yet. [...] For Central Asian countries, Turkey’s rise as a Eurasian power is set to result in new trade opportunities and regional connectivity by transporting goods and potentially people between the various countries in the region. At the same time, Turkey’s involvement enables greater access to the European and global markets for Central Asian countries and China without the involvement of Russia. Central Asian countries could further capitalize on this by taking advantage of these opportunities to secure their own interests, independent of Russia and China. However, the growing use of drones from Turkey may also exacerbate disputes and tensions between Central Asia countries, particularly Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

13 Oct 22

[kritikapatil]

Hand Sanitizer Market Unidentified Segments - The Biggest Opportunity Of 2022

Advance Market Analytics released a new market study on Global Hand Sanitizer Market Research report which presents a complete assessment of the Market and contains a future trend, current growth factors, attentive opinions, facts, and industry validated market data. The research study provides estimates for Global Hand Sanitizer Forecast till 2027*.

Consumer inclination toward health and wellness has increased with the rise in diseases. Washing hand repeatedly is not possible and is time-consuming, whereas, at times soap and water are not available everywhere, the hand sanitizer plays a vital role. Hand sanitizer is a liquid used to kill germs instantly, without water. It contains alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol as an active ingredient that acts as an antiseptic. It kills almost all bacteria, viruses and fungi within a few seconds. Improvement in standard of living, the rise in health expenditure and the increase in health awareness have increased the usage of hand sanitizer. The center for disease control and prevention, a federal agency in the U.S., has conducted health promotion, prevention, and preparedness for improving the overall health of the consumer. The support from WHO, FDA towards the need for sanitation has constantly increased the demand for sanitizer. CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water whenever possible because handwashing reduces the amounts of all types of germs and chemicals on hands. But if soap and water are not available, using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can help you avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others.

Key Players included in the Research Coverage of Hand Sanitizer Market are

Chattem, Inc (United States)

Johnson and Johnson (United States)

Procter & Gamble (P&G) Company (United States)

3M Company (United States)

Bath & Body Works, LLC (United States)

GOJO Industries, Inc (United States)

Best Sanitizers, Inc (United States)

Medline Industries, Inc (United States)

Kimberly-Clark Corporation (United States)

Reckitt Benckiser Group Plc (U.K.)

Unilever Plc (U.K.)

Deb Group Ltd (U.K.)

Henkel Group (Germany) What's Trending in Market: Innovation in Packaging and formulation

Emerging use of hand sanitizer through touch-free dispenser

Challenges: Intense Competition Among the Key Manufacturer

Opportunities: Vast Untapped Rural Market

Export Potential

Market Growth Drivers: Cleans Hand with Instant Use killing Bacteria, Fungi and viruses

Increasing Awareness Through Media Marketing

Hygiene product supplier sells out of hand sanitizer amid coronavirus scare: Public health experts advise that cleaning your hands with either soap and water, or an alcohol-based solution, is one of the best ways to avoid infection guidance the public appears to be heeding. Consumer demand for hand sanitizers has soared 1,400%, in March 2020, according to retail industry data.

The Global Hand Sanitizer Market segments and Market Data Break Down by Type (Foam Hand Sanitizer, Gel Hand Sanitizer, Sanitizing Hand Wipes, Liquid Hand Sanitizer, Spray Hand Sanitizer), Application (Hospitals, Schools, Corporate segments, Restaurants, Military, Household purpose, Others (hotels, shopping plaza, etc.)), Distribution Channel (Online Store, Departmental Store, Pharmacy Store, Others) To comprehend Global Hand Sanitizer market dynamics in the world mainly, the worldwide Hand Sanitizer market is analyzed across major global regions. AMA also provides customized specific regional and country-level reports for the following areas. • North America: United States, Canada, and Mexico. • South & Central America: Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. • Middle East & Africa: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Turkey, Egypt and South Africa. • Europe: United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands and Russia. • Asia-Pacific: India, China, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia. Presented By

AMA Research & Media LLP

[islamforalloftheworld]

Fighting was intense around the city of Bakhmut as Ukraine claimed some gains there Oleksiy Danilov, who heads Ukraine’s National Security and Defence Council, said the Ukrainian counteroffensive against Russian forces had been “particularly fruitful” in recent days, although he did not go into detail. Ukraine’s Deputy Defence Minister Hanna Maliar reported gains around the ruined eastern city of Bakhmut amid fierce Russian resistance. Russia’s defence ministry said its forces struck three Ukrainian army groups near Bakhmut. Ukraine’s military said it destroyed a Russian “formation” in Russian-controlled Makiivka in the front line Donetsk region. Moscow-installed officials and media said one civilian was killed and dozens wounded in the attacks. The governors of Russia’s Kursk and Belgorod regions say the areas came under fire from Ukrainian forces across the border. No casualties were reported. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) requested “additional access” to parts of the Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in southern Ukraine after Kyiv and Moscow accused the other of planning attacks at the site. IAEA experts based at the plant said they had seen no evidence of mines or explosives but needed access to areas including the rooftops of reactor units 3 and 4, parts of the turbine halls and some parts of the cooling system. Tension around Europe’s biggest nuclear plant rose. Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Moscow was creating “dangerous provocations” at the site, while the Kremlin claimed there was a “great threat of sabotage from Kyiv”. Russia plans to send more Chechen fighters and convicts to fight in Ukraine and fill the gap left by Wagner mercenaries who have been pulled out from the front line, according to a report from Bloomberg News, citing European intelligence officials. The United Kingdom’s defence ministry said last month’s short-lived Wagner mutiny had “worsened existing fault lines within Russia’s national security community”. It noted senior officers including General Sergey Surovikin, commander-in-chief of the Russian Air Force and deputy commander of Russian forces in Ukraine, had not been seen in public since the June 24 rebellion. The general staff of Ukraine’s military said there had been an increase in infectious diseases – and a possible outbreak of cholera – in the Russian-occupied region of Kherson since the breach of the Nova Kakhovka dam last month caused severe flooding. United States President Joe Biden has said he was “anxiously looking forward” to Sweden joining NATO, as the White House renewed calls for Turkey to approve Sweden’s bid to join the alliance ahead of next week’s summit in Lithuania. The United Nations said it was “worried” about the survival of the Black Sea grain exports deal, which could collapse within two weeks, threatening global food security. The UN and Turkey-brokered deal to allow Ukrainian ships to transport grains from Black Sea ports to the rest of the world is due to expire on July 17. The Kremlin said it could not confirm a Financial Times report that Chinese President Xi Jinping had personally warned Putin against using nuclear weapons in Ukraine. Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Russia and China had issued statements at the time on the content of their talks and “everything else is fiction”. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed a bill imposing sanctions on 18 entities registered in Russia, Luxembourg and the Republic of Cyprus which he said were linked to Moscow. Russia banned the Altai Project, a small US-based charity, accusing it of “sabotaging” the construction of a huge gas pipeline to China. SOURCE: AL JAZEERA