#Topological Quantum Computer

[averycanadianfilm]

A discussion with Sankar Das Sarma and Chetan Nayak

Mar 14, 2022

Dr. Sankar Das Sarma, a Distinguished University Professor of physics at University of Maryland joins Chetan Nayak, Distinguished Engineer of Quantum at Microsoft to discuss Microsoft’s unique approach to building a fully scalable quantum machine.

[frank-olivier]

The Topological Advantage: How Anyons Are Changing Quantum Computing

The field of quantum computing has experienced a significant paradigm shift in recent years, with the emergence of topological quantum computing as a promising approach to building practical quantum computers. At the heart of this new paradigm is the concept of anyons, quasiparticles that exhibit non-Abelian statistics in two-dimensional spaces. First proposed by physicist Frank Wilczek in 1982, anyons have been extensively studied and experimentally confirmed in various systems.

The discovery of anyons and their unique properties has opened up new avenues for quantum computing, enabling the development of fault-tolerant quantum gates and scalable quantum systems. The topological properties of anyons make them well-suited for creating stable qubits, the fundamental units of quantum information. The robustness of these qubits stems from their topological characteristics, which are less susceptible to errors caused by environmental disturbances.

One of the most significant advantages of topological quantum computing is its inherent error resistance. The robust nature of anyonic systems minimizes sensitivity to local perturbations, reducing the need for complex error correction codes and facilitating scalability. Michael Freedman and colleagues first demonstrated this concept in 2003, and it has since been extensively studied.

The manipulation of anyons through braiding, where anyons are moved around each other in specific patterns, implements quantum gates that are inherently fault-tolerant. This concept was first introduced by Alexei Kitaev in 1997, and has since been extensively studied. The topological nature of braiding ensures that operations are resistant to errors, as they rely only on the topology of the braiding path, not its precise details.

Topological quantum computing has far-reaching potential applications, with significant implications for cryptography, material science, and quantum simulations. Topological quantum computing enables enhanced security protocols, insights into novel states of matter, and more efficient simulations of complex quantum systems.

Prof. Steve Simon: Topological Quantum Computing (University of Waterloo, June 2012)

Part 1

Part 2

Tuesday, October 8, 2024

[questioning-my-identity-element]

as someone with a passing knowledge of knot theory & a dilettante interest in math I'm really interested in the behavior/rules of those graphs, could you talk a little more about them?

this is my first ask! and it's on my research!!! i still do research in this area. i am getting my phd in topological quantum computation. i saw someone else talk about categorical quantum in response to the post. as i understand, this is a related but distinct field from quantum algebra, despite both using monoidal categories as a central focus.

if you're familiar with knot theory, you may have heard of the jones polynomial. jones is famous for many things, but one of which is his major contributions to the use of skein theory (this graphical calculus) in quantum algebra, subfactor theory, and more.

For an reu, i made an animation of how these diagrams, mostly for monoidal categories, work:

https://people.math.osu.edu/penneys.2/Synoptic.mp4

to add onto the video, in quantum algebra, we deal a lot with tensor categories, where the morphisms between any two objects form a vector space. in particular, since these diagrams are representing morphisms, it makes sense to take linear combinations, which is what we saw in the post. moreover, any relationships you have between morphisms in a tensor category, can be captured in these diagrams...for example, in the fusion category Fib, the following rules apply (in fact, these rules uniquely describe Fib):

thus, any time, these show up in your diagrams, you can replace them with something else. in general, this is a lot easier to read than commutative diagrams.

[minmin-vs-physics]

Min vs FA24

Now that I'm officially a college senior, I thought a post of what I will be up to is in order. (Especially since I was absconding last week) Gonna take some hard hitters for classes this semester, pray for me.

Intro to General Relativity: FINALLY. I've been waiting for this since before I was a physics major. I know it's gonna be good since my QM prof from last sem is teaching it. (Lowkey wanna switch to the grad version because my QM prof from last sem is teaching it)

Relativistic Quantum Field Theory: Another scary class but still highly anticipated! I've basically been doing QFT all summer, but the class is scarier because formalism. Of course, it will unlock some doors in particle theory.

Statistical Thermodynamics: lowkey im most nervous about this one. another beast of a topic in physics and i rlly want to learn it but idk we don't talk abt it much??? (except abt how much we're dreading it) the whole cohort will come together for this one.

Intro to Sociocultural Anthropology: always gotta throw one curveball in the schedule. not much to say bc im just taking it for a gen ed req.

Computational Physics: I should drop this bc taking four physics classes in grad apps season is kinda overkill. i wanted the lightest sem i could make but still ended up w this kraken. but no math class! (i had to pry out topology) this is the first and only semester i won't have a math class. in addition to courseload i also have

TAing for a CS class: ik my way around it so its not a problem but its still a time sink

TAing for a QM class: this is smth i def just do for the love of it, so another time sink basically but i look forward to it

Research: gotta work on that thesis y'all. i wanna make smth good out of it in time.

Physics GRE: broccoli on my plate

Grad Apps: waking nightmare. but it'll be fine i can drop out and become a finance bro.

but i also wanna make memories with all the other seniors because what? how are we seniors? (im writing this after going stargazing with my friends on a school night.)

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Illuminating an asymmetric gap in a topological antiferromagnet

Topological insulators (TIs) are among the hottest topics in condensed matter physics today. They're a bit strange: Their surfaces conduct electricity, yet their interiors do not, instead acting as insulators. Physicists consider TIs the materials of the future because they host fascinating new quantum phases of matter and have promising technological applications in electronics and quantum computing. Scientists are just now beginning to uncover connections between TIs and magnetism that could unlock new uses for these exotic materials. A new study led by Illinois Physics Professor Fahad Mahmood now reports the experimental discovery of a hidden gap in the electronic band structure of the intrinsic magnetic TI manganese bismuth telluride (MnBi2Te4). The team demonstrated that MnBi2Te4 is gapless in equilibrium, yet develops a gap when exposed to different orientations of circularly polarized light. This discovery settles a decade-long debate over the existence of the predicted yet previously unverified gap.

Read more.

[scientific-dog]

By the way, I never said what the supercomputer that the Great Race made and on which they created the AI ​​that was “downloaded into Watson’s brains” originally looked like. Of course, in its nature this had nothing in common with classical computers; the Yithians used advanced quantum technologies not yet available (and unlikely not to be available in the near future) to humanity.

Some gadgets that agents of the Great Race made and which archaeologists accidentally found in the deserts of Australia had much in common with the technologies underlying this installation. If you wish, you can find several of these in the Boston Museum. But, you, like any other person who has not had contacted with the Yithians, are unable to figure out how to launch them, and they will seem to you an unremarkable artifacts with no special application.

In Pnakotus, the installation occupied several floors and its front part was not similar to the computers we are used to, with the exception of the main computing unit, which took most of the space on the lower floors, represented by the huge boxes and many wires and pipes connected to each other.

Most of these lines were part of the cooling system, while the other part, through which the bright glow came, was nothing more than a combination of superconducting and topological elements. Although, it is obviously that not everyone had a chance to observe this up close; the extreme fragility and high cost of the computer required certain precautions. A huge labyrinth of translucent, luminous plates located vertically opposite each other and several control units. This installation required certain skills to use, which, however, most of the prisoners of the Great Race successfully mastered.

Watson definitely knew that museums' illiquid assets presented a lot of interesting things, be it paintings by infamous artists or something less understandable to most in use.

[uncannychange]

If Sam Summers had not been paying more attention to whether or not there were others around the ATM, he might need to be wary of he might have noticed that what he was putting his bank card into wasn’t an ATM.

It looked closely enough like one, but it wasn’t, it was a Change Machine.

More to the point, a CRM, or Change Reality Machine developed by the Mega-Omni Corporation that through the use of topological quantum molecular computing and A.I. controlled DMASER (Dark Matter Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) rods, was able to rewrite one single person’s personal reality matrix.

So instead of spitting out twenty dollars for a light night post-jogging snack, it subtracted 2,355 dollars from his account, fired up the DMASER rods, and did its thing, and as Sam had not given any instructions for the changes, the A.I. made up its own group of changes.

Local reality shifted.

When Sam saw the screen announcing “transaction completed: No more alterations allowed for five years,” He looked down for his $20. But all he saw was his card.

Taking the card out of the slot, Sam noticed a couple of things, first of all, his hand seemed oddly slimmer and in possession of what looked like rather elaborate rose and gold nail art, also the card, which when he had it put in the device had born his name Samuel David Summers now announced it as belonging to someone called Serenity Daisy Sarsaparilla. “What the Hell?” said Serenity surprising herself with the sound of her new voice.

It was only the first of many more surprises to come.

[dominicwalliman]

In my latest video I got to visit Microsoft’s Quantum Lab where they are developing an entirely new form of quantum computer. This was really fun for me because, not only was I pretty much the first person from outside Microsoft who has got to see this, it is also weirdly similar to the research I was doing in my PhD on superconducting nanowires as the core of Microsoft’s quantum computers are superconducting nanowires that have amazing topological properties which I explain in the video. I hope you enjoy it!

[fock-space-cowboy]

Week 5 - 1.05. - 5.05. //

I slacked a bit on an assignment I have for next Monday, so a bit of last minute work needed to go into that sadly. Otherwise I'm pretty up to date working on the Quantum Computing lecture, as well as on the Topology lecture (which is pretty exciting, last semester I was full on packed with just the exercises and couldn't even work on lecture revision).

Next week is another normal week of lectures, after that we have a week of vacation, so I'm gonna try to get all of the time sensitive stuff done next week, so I can have the free week as free as possible.

[surajworldnews]

A Quantum Breakthrough in Graphene

Scientists found a new quantum state in twisted graphene, where electrons lock in place but still conduct current along edges. This topological breakthrough may lead to advances in quantum computing. Credit: SciTechDaily.com By twisting layers of graphene, researchers discovered a unique electronic crystal where electrons freeze in place yet allow current to flow along the edges without…

[frank-olivier]

Quantum Simulation: A Frontier in Scientific Research

Quantum simulation, a burgeoning field in modern physics, leverages the unique properties of quantum systems to replicate and investigate the behavior of other complex quantum systems. This approach offers a powerful tool to study intricate quantum phenomena that are otherwise challenging to analyze using classical computational methods or experimental setups. By harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum simulation enables researchers to explore parameter spaces inaccessible to classical simulations and gain unique insights into the underlying physics.

One of the primary platforms for quantum simulation is ultracold atomic gases, cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero. The low temperatures and high phase-space density of these systems allow for the study of individual atoms and molecules in a highly controlled environment, with minimal interactions with the surrounding environment. Optical lattices, created by interfering laser beams, provide a versatile and highly controllable platform for quantum simulations. By adjusting the laser parameters, researchers can engineer various types of lattice structures, enabling the study of phenomena such as Anderson localization, quantum phase transitions, and many-body dynamics. The periodic potential created by the optical lattice can mimic the crystal lattice of solid-state systems, allowing for the investigation of condensed matter physics in a clean and controllable environment.

Superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds are alternative platforms for quantum simulation, each with its unique strengths and capabilities. Superconducting qubits use superconducting circuits to encode quantum information and exhibit long coherence times. Trapped ions allow for precise control and readout of their quantum states using electromagnetic fields. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds offer long-lived spins and coupling to other spins, making them useful for quantum information processing and sensing applications.

A significant challenge in quantum simulation is minimizing and correcting errors, which can arise from imperfections in the experimental setup or external disturbances. These errors can lead to decoherence, causing the quantum system to lose its coherence and become difficult to control. Researchers have developed robust quantum simulation methods and error correction codes to mitigate these errors and extend the capabilities of quantum simulations. Techniques such as quantum error correction, dynamical error suppression, and fault-tolerant quantum computing aim to overcome these challenges and enable longer and more accurate quantum simulations.

Quantum simulation has enabled the discovery of new phases, such as topological insulators and supersolids, and the study of strongly correlated systems, like high-temperature superconductors. By mimicking condensed matter systems in the laboratory, researchers can observe and understand their behavior in detail, leading to a deeper understanding of quantum phenomena and the development of new materials and technologies. Quantum simulations have the potential to revolutionize fields such as condensed matter physics, materials science, and chemistry. By simulating molecular Hamiltonians, quantum simulations can provide insights into chemical reactions, electronic structures, and excited states, with implications for drug discovery and materials design. Furthermore, quantum simulations can accelerate materials discovery by predicting the properties of new materials and optimizing existing ones for specific applications.

Esteban Adrian Martinez: Introduction to Quantum Simulators (Summer School on Collective Behaviour in Quantum Matter, September 2018)

Tuesday, November 5, 2024

[poddar123]

Current Frontiers in Physics Research: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe

Physics, the science of matter, energy, and their interactions, continues to push the boundaries of our understanding of the universe. From exploring the fundamental nature of reality to developing groundbreaking technologies, the current studies in physics span an astonishing array of fields. Here's a look at some of the most exciting areas of research that are shaping the future of science and technology.

Poddar International College acknowledges the essence of fostering a curious mind, which instills in itself a sense of questioning and scientific knowledge. We, as one of the best colleges in Jaipur, are fully devoted to creating an ambiance where holistic development not only blossoms in learners, but they also gain teaching excellence and experiential opportunities.

1. Quantum Physics and Quantum Computing

The quantum realm is one of the most active areas in physics today, with researchers delving deeper into the strange and fascinating behaviour of particles at atomic and subatomic scales.

Quantum Computing: Scientists are developing quantum computers that leverage the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform calculations far beyond the reach of classical computers. Tech giants like Google, IBM, and research labs worldwide are racing to build scalable quantum systems that could revolutionize fields such as cryptography, material science, and artificial intelligence.

Quantum Entanglement: Dubbed "spooky action at a distance" by Einstein, entanglement is being studied to develop ultra-secure communication networks, like quantum internet, which could ensure unprecedented levels of data security.

2. Astrophysics and Cosmology

Astrophysicists are exploring the vastness of space to answer some of humanity's most profound questions: How did the universe begin? What is its ultimate fate?

Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Although they make up about 95% of the universe, these mysterious entities remain largely elusive. Physicists are conducting experiments like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and direct detection experiments (e.g., LUX-ZEPLIN) to uncover the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

Gravitational Waves: Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015 by LIGO, scientists have continued to observe these ripples in spacetime caused by violent cosmic events like black hole mergers. These detections open a new window to study the universe.

Black Hole Research: Recent advances, such as the Event Horizon Telescope’s image of a black hole, are helping researchers study these enigmatic objects that challenge our understanding of space, time, and gravity.

3. High-Energy Physics

High-energy physics investigates the building blocks of matter and the fundamental forces governing them.

The Standard Model and Beyond: While the Standard Model remains the cornerstone of particle physics, anomalies observed in experiments like the LHC suggest that it may not be complete. Physicists are seeking new particles or forces that could extend the model, such as supersymmetric particles or evidence of higher dimensions.

Neutrino Research: Neutrinos, often called "ghost particles" due to their elusive nature, are being studied to understand their role in the universe, including why there is more matter than antimatter.

4. Condensed Matter Physics

This field explores the properties of materials at atomic scales, with groundbreaking discoveries leading to revolutionary technologies.

Superconductivity: Researchers are striving to discover room-temperature superconductors that could revolutionize energy transmission, transportation, and computing.

Topological Materials: These exotic materials have unique properties that could lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing and electronic devices.

5. Climate Physics and Energy Solutions

Physics plays a critical role in addressing global challenges like climate change and sustainable energy.

Nuclear Fusion: Often called the "holy grail" of energy, nuclear fusion promises virtually limitless, clean energy. Projects like ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) aim to make fusion a viable energy source within the coming decades.

Atmospheric Physics: Scientists use advanced models to study the dynamics of Earth's atmosphere, improving predictions for climate change and extreme weather events.

6. Biophysics and Interdisciplinary Research

The integration of physics with biology is yielding groundbreaking insights into life at a molecular level.

Protein Folding: Understanding how proteins fold is critical for developing treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Physicists are using computational models to simulate these processes.

Medical Physics: Advances in imaging technologies, like MRI and PET scans, and radiation therapy are transforming healthcare.

7. Artificial Intelligence in Physics

AI is becoming a powerful tool in physics research, aiding in data analysis, simulations, and even generating hypotheses. Machine learning algorithms are accelerating discoveries in fields ranging from astrophysics to materials science.

Challenges and Future Directions

While these areas are brimming with potential, physicists face significant challenges, such as the high costs of experimental infrastructure (e.g., particle accelerators) and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. However, the rapid pace of technological and theoretical advancements ensures that the future of physics remains bright.

Conclusion

The current studies in physics are reshaping our understanding of the universe while driving innovation in technology and society. From the mysteries of quantum mechanics to the exploration of the cosmos, these research endeavors promise to answer some of humanity’s oldest questions while paving the way for transformative discoveries. As we stand on the brink of a new era in physics, the possibilities are as boundless as the universe itself.

[questioning-my-identity-element]

Hi!

I saw your post about graphical calculus used in quantum algebra/topology and wanted to ask you if you'd like to share any introductionary papers/books regarding that topic? As a fan of algebra and topology, It looks wild and i want to understand it!

sure! i just gave some general comments and a link to my video, but these lecture notes go into more details:

https://people.math.osu.edu/penneys.2/8800//Math8800Spring2021.html

moreover, if you're interested in their application to quantum computing, my advisor wrote the book on it:

if you want some modern research on planar algebras and subfactors, this thesis is a good source

[timetravelandgravityengineering]

The fiction of there is no time would mean calculus wouldn't be a fundamental base of mathematics and science

Philosophy means we should be present and there is only now however how we perceive the universe is often contrary to the mechanisms of physics

However our observations of the universe has an effect on the universe

There is time but for ourselves less than we think and temporary in our experience

Especially in regards to computers and communication

Quantum syncopation

The mind can precieve patterns in chaos for our mind are a product of chaos

Syncopation of time is lots of dilated and compressed TsT events into an electron feild

steam engines created thermal dynamics and also precision in time. Noon here is not noon there but now is the same time everywhere on our individual level. Time is a relation between the rate of change of noon and knowing that on the opposite side of the earth at midnight there is also now. If it's not the present here and there phones wouldn't work. The sun position in the sky is not the primary time the phone uses. When you add in dilation from changes in velocity and gravity then we have another variable. Time just isn't a fiction of our perception it's just as weird as uncertainty wave collapse and locality

Time isn't your clock its actually a compressor and dilator of energy that creates 'now' in a recirculation from a near past to approximate future and is multidirectional in the present

Clocks are a measure of change personal to you in relation to the local time but also why time zones are created. However it's not your biological cycle or your physical age it's your external local field of time shared by that zone.

The compressor dilation locality and relatively of time the recurring recirculation of energy exchange that is held in the DeM event of a thermal surface vibration of previous states going to the future splitting localities

Between the near future and approx past in a present collapse

I don't think there is an arrow of time. Time is a recurring coil. Strings vibration make time in the rate of change in it's frequency

That makes a linear elastic arrow

Strings energy when dilated becomes a condensation of matter

Time dilation forms matter

It's the pyramid theroy

There's another paradox

Unless the structure is held in the structure

Time perception changes with technologies

It's ten the math works with 10 but it's 10 plus 1 intrinsic field for time is the change in strings dimension that creates time

If you look at the graph

⛄it's the same as 💎

Transposed topological morphology

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Researchers discover new material for optically-controlled magnetic memory

Researchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) have made unexpected progress toward developing a new optical memory that can quickly and energy-efficiently store and access computational data. While studying a complex material composed of manganese, bismuth and tellurium (MnBi2Te4), the researchers realized that the material's magnetic properties changed quickly and easily in response to light. This means that a laser could be used to encode information within the magnetic states of MnBi2Te4. "This really underscores how fundamental science can enable new ways of thinking about engineering applications very directly," said Shuolong Yang, assistant professor of molecular engineering and senior author of the new work. "We started with the motivation to understand the molecular details of this material and ended up realizing it had previously undiscovered properties that make it very useful." In a paper published in Science Advances, Yang and colleagues showed how the electrons in MnBi2Te4 compete between two opposing states—a topological state useful for encoding quantum information and a light-sensitive state useful for optical storage.

Read more.

[globalinsightblog]

Quantum Computing Materials Market Soars: $1.1B to $9.8B by 2034 💻

Quantum Computing Materials Market is set to experience extraordinary growth, projected to rise from $1.1 billion in 2024 to $9.8 billion by 2034, with an exceptional CAGR of 23.2%. This growth reflects the increasing demand for specialized materials crucial for the advancement of quantum computing technologies.

To Request Sample Report: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-sample/?id=GIS10695 &utm_source=SnehaPatil&utm_medium=Article

Key Market Drivers and Segments

At the heart of quantum computing innovation are superconductors, semiconductors, and topological insulators. These materials play a pivotal role in qubit fabrication, a process essential for enabling quantum computing’s unparalleled capabilities, such as cryptography, optimization, and simulation. Among these, superconducting materials lead the market due to their indispensable role in ensuring high-performance quantum systems capable of sustaining qubit coherence over time. Topological insulators follow closely, emerging as a significant area of focus due to their potential to enhance quantum coherence and stability — crucial for the practical deployment of quantum technologies.

Regional Insights

North America remains the leader in the quantum computing materials market, driven by substantial government funding and a strong concentration of key players in the sector. The United States stands out, thanks to its cutting-edge technological infrastructure and extensive research collaborations between academia and industry. Europe is also a strong contender, particularly with Germany and the United Kingdom making substantial investments in quantum research initiatives. These trends underscore the strategic importance of fostering innovation in quantum materials to maintain competitive advantages in a rapidly evolving market.

The increasing investments and strategic partnerships are propelling the market toward a new era of computational capabilities, with far-reaching impacts on industries such as pharmaceuticals, finance, and logistics.

#QuantumComputing #QuantumMaterials #Superconductors #TopologicalInsulators #QuantumProcessors #QubitTechnology #TechInnovation #QuantumLeap #Cryptography #Optimization #Simulation #QuantumTech #ResearchAndDevelopment #TechnologyGrowth #QuantumCoherence #QuantumInfrastructure #TechPartnerships #EmergingTechnologies #NorthAmericaTech #QuantumInvestments #IndustryInnovation