#Topological Quantum Computer

[averycanadianfilm]

A discussion with Sankar Das Sarma and Chetan Nayak

Mar 14, 2022

Dr. Sankar Das Sarma, a Distinguished University Professor of physics at University of Maryland joins Chetan Nayak, Distinguished Engineer of Quantum at Microsoft to discuss Microsoft’s unique approach to building a fully scalable quantum machine.

[frank-olivier]

The Topological Advantage: How Anyons Are Changing Quantum Computing

The field of quantum computing has experienced a significant paradigm shift in recent years, with the emergence of topological quantum computing as a promising approach to building practical quantum computers. At the heart of this new paradigm is the concept of anyons, quasiparticles that exhibit non-Abelian statistics in two-dimensional spaces. First proposed by physicist Frank Wilczek in 1982, anyons have been extensively studied and experimentally confirmed in various systems.

The discovery of anyons and their unique properties has opened up new avenues for quantum computing, enabling the development of fault-tolerant quantum gates and scalable quantum systems. The topological properties of anyons make them well-suited for creating stable qubits, the fundamental units of quantum information. The robustness of these qubits stems from their topological characteristics, which are less susceptible to errors caused by environmental disturbances.

One of the most significant advantages of topological quantum computing is its inherent error resistance. The robust nature of anyonic systems minimizes sensitivity to local perturbations, reducing the need for complex error correction codes and facilitating scalability. Michael Freedman and colleagues first demonstrated this concept in 2003, and it has since been extensively studied.

The manipulation of anyons through braiding, where anyons are moved around each other in specific patterns, implements quantum gates that are inherently fault-tolerant. This concept was first introduced by Alexei Kitaev in 1997, and has since been extensively studied. The topological nature of braiding ensures that operations are resistant to errors, as they rely only on the topology of the braiding path, not its precise details.

Topological quantum computing has far-reaching potential applications, with significant implications for cryptography, material science, and quantum simulations. Topological quantum computing enables enhanced security protocols, insights into novel states of matter, and more efficient simulations of complex quantum systems.

Prof. Steve Simon: Topological Quantum Computing (University of Waterloo, June 2012)

Part 1

Part 2

Tuesday, October 8, 2024

[questioning-my-identity-element]

as someone with a passing knowledge of knot theory & a dilettante interest in math I'm really interested in the behavior/rules of those graphs, could you talk a little more about them?

this is my first ask! and it's on my research!!! i still do research in this area. i am getting my phd in topological quantum computation. i saw someone else talk about categorical quantum in response to the post. as i understand, this is a related but distinct field from quantum algebra, despite both using monoidal categories as a central focus.

if you're familiar with knot theory, you may have heard of the jones polynomial. jones is famous for many things, but one of which is his major contributions to the use of skein theory (this graphical calculus) in quantum algebra, subfactor theory, and more.

For an reu, i made an animation of how these diagrams, mostly for monoidal categories, work:

https://people.math.osu.edu/penneys.2/Synoptic.mp4

to add onto the video, in quantum algebra, we deal a lot with tensor categories, where the morphisms between any two objects form a vector space. in particular, since these diagrams are representing morphisms, it makes sense to take linear combinations, which is what we saw in the post. moreover, any relationships you have between morphisms in a tensor category, can be captured in these diagrams...for example, in the fusion category Fib, the following rules apply (in fact, these rules uniquely describe Fib):

thus, any time, these show up in your diagrams, you can replace them with something else. in general, this is a lot easier to read than commutative diagrams.

[minmin-vs-physics]

Min vs FA24

Now that I'm officially a college senior, I thought a post of what I will be up to is in order. (Especially since I was absconding last week) Gonna take some hard hitters for classes this semester, pray for me.

Intro to General Relativity: FINALLY. I've been waiting for this since before I was a physics major. I know it's gonna be good since my QM prof from last sem is teaching it. (Lowkey wanna switch to the grad version because my QM prof from last sem is teaching it)

Relativistic Quantum Field Theory: Another scary class but still highly anticipated! I've basically been doing QFT all summer, but the class is scarier because formalism. Of course, it will unlock some doors in particle theory.

Statistical Thermodynamics: lowkey im most nervous about this one. another beast of a topic in physics and i rlly want to learn it but idk we don't talk abt it much??? (except abt how much we're dreading it) the whole cohort will come together for this one.

Intro to Sociocultural Anthropology: always gotta throw one curveball in the schedule. not much to say bc im just taking it for a gen ed req.

Computational Physics: I should drop this bc taking four physics classes in grad apps season is kinda overkill. i wanted the lightest sem i could make but still ended up w this kraken. but no math class! (i had to pry out topology) this is the first and only semester i won't have a math class. in addition to courseload i also have

TAing for a CS class: ik my way around it so its not a problem but its still a time sink

TAing for a QM class: this is smth i def just do for the love of it, so another time sink basically but i look forward to it

Research: gotta work on that thesis y'all. i wanna make smth good out of it in time.

Physics GRE: broccoli on my plate

Grad Apps: waking nightmare. but it'll be fine i can drop out and become a finance bro.

but i also wanna make memories with all the other seniors because what? how are we seniors? (im writing this after going stargazing with my friends on a school night.)

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Researchers discover new material for optically-controlled magnetic memory

Researchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) have made unexpected progress toward developing a new optical memory that can quickly and energy-efficiently store and access computational data. While studying a complex material composed of manganese, bismuth and tellurium (MnBi2Te4), the researchers realized that the material's magnetic properties changed quickly and easily in response to light. This means that a laser could be used to encode information within the magnetic states of MnBi2Te4. "This really underscores how fundamental science can enable new ways of thinking about engineering applications very directly," said Shuolong Yang, assistant professor of molecular engineering and senior author of the new work. "We started with the motivation to understand the molecular details of this material and ended up realizing it had previously undiscovered properties that make it very useful." In a paper published in Science Advances, Yang and colleagues showed how the electrons in MnBi2Te4 compete between two opposing states—a topological state useful for encoding quantum information and a light-sensitive state useful for optical storage.

Read more.

[scientific-dog]

By the way, I never said what the supercomputer that the Great Race made and on which they created the AI ​​that was “downloaded into Watson’s brains” originally looked like. Of course, in its nature this had nothing in common with classical computers; the Yithians used advanced quantum technologies not yet available (and unlikely not to be available in the near future) to humanity.

Some gadgets that agents of the Great Race made and which archaeologists accidentally found in the deserts of Australia had much in common with the technologies underlying this installation. If you wish, you can find several of these in the Boston Museum. But, you, like any other person who has not had contacted with the Yithians, are unable to figure out how to launch them, and they will seem to you an unremarkable artifacts with no special application.

In Pnakotus, the installation occupied several floors and its front part was not similar to the computers we are used to, with the exception of the main computing unit, which took most of the space on the lower floors, represented by the huge boxes and many wires and pipes connected to each other.

Most of these lines were part of the cooling system, while the other part, through which the bright glow came, was nothing more than a combination of superconducting and topological elements. Although, it is obviously that not everyone had a chance to observe this up close; the extreme fragility and high cost of the computer required certain precautions. A huge labyrinth of translucent, luminous plates located vertically opposite each other and several control units. This installation required certain skills to use, which, however, most of the prisoners of the Great Race successfully mastered.

Watson definitely knew that museums' illiquid assets presented a lot of interesting things, be it paintings by infamous artists or something less understandable to most in use.

[uncannychange]

If Sam Summers had not been paying more attention to whether or not there were others around the ATM, he might need to be wary of he might have noticed that what he was putting his bank card into wasn’t an ATM.

It looked closely enough like one, but it wasn’t, it was a Change Machine.

More to the point, a CRM, or Change Reality Machine developed by the Mega-Omni Corporation that through the use of topological quantum molecular computing and A.I. controlled DMASER (Dark Matter Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) rods, was able to rewrite one single person’s personal reality matrix.

So instead of spitting out twenty dollars for a light night post-jogging snack, it subtracted 2,355 dollars from his account, fired up the DMASER rods, and did its thing, and as Sam had not given any instructions for the changes, the A.I. made up its own group of changes.

Local reality shifted.

When Sam saw the screen announcing “transaction completed: No more alterations allowed for five years,” He looked down for his $20. But all he saw was his card.

Taking the card out of the slot, Sam noticed a couple of things, first of all, his hand seemed oddly slimmer and in possession of what looked like rather elaborate rose and gold nail art, also the card, which when he had it put in the device had born his name Samuel David Summers now announced it as belonging to someone called Serenity Daisy Sarsaparilla. “What the Hell?” said Serenity surprising herself with the sound of her new voice.

It was only the first of many more surprises to come.

[dominicwalliman]

In my latest video I got to visit Microsoft’s Quantum Lab where they are developing an entirely new form of quantum computer. This was really fun for me because, not only was I pretty much the first person from outside Microsoft who has got to see this, it is also weirdly similar to the research I was doing in my PhD on superconducting nanowires as the core of Microsoft’s quantum computers are superconducting nanowires that have amazing topological properties which I explain in the video. I hope you enjoy it!

[fock-space-cowboy]

Week 5 - 1.05. - 5.05. //

I slacked a bit on an assignment I have for next Monday, so a bit of last minute work needed to go into that sadly. Otherwise I'm pretty up to date working on the Quantum Computing lecture, as well as on the Topology lecture (which is pretty exciting, last semester I was full on packed with just the exercises and couldn't even work on lecture revision).

Next week is another normal week of lectures, after that we have a week of vacation, so I'm gonna try to get all of the time sensitive stuff done next week, so I can have the free week as free as possible.

[frank-olivier]

Quantum Simulation: A Frontier in Scientific Research

Quantum simulation, a burgeoning field in modern physics, leverages the unique properties of quantum systems to replicate and investigate the behavior of other complex quantum systems. This approach offers a powerful tool to study intricate quantum phenomena that are otherwise challenging to analyze using classical computational methods or experimental setups. By harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum simulation enables researchers to explore parameter spaces inaccessible to classical simulations and gain unique insights into the underlying physics.

One of the primary platforms for quantum simulation is ultracold atomic gases, cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero. The low temperatures and high phase-space density of these systems allow for the study of individual atoms and molecules in a highly controlled environment, with minimal interactions with the surrounding environment. Optical lattices, created by interfering laser beams, provide a versatile and highly controllable platform for quantum simulations. By adjusting the laser parameters, researchers can engineer various types of lattice structures, enabling the study of phenomena such as Anderson localization, quantum phase transitions, and many-body dynamics. The periodic potential created by the optical lattice can mimic the crystal lattice of solid-state systems, allowing for the investigation of condensed matter physics in a clean and controllable environment.

Superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds are alternative platforms for quantum simulation, each with its unique strengths and capabilities. Superconducting qubits use superconducting circuits to encode quantum information and exhibit long coherence times. Trapped ions allow for precise control and readout of their quantum states using electromagnetic fields. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds offer long-lived spins and coupling to other spins, making them useful for quantum information processing and sensing applications.

A significant challenge in quantum simulation is minimizing and correcting errors, which can arise from imperfections in the experimental setup or external disturbances. These errors can lead to decoherence, causing the quantum system to lose its coherence and become difficult to control. Researchers have developed robust quantum simulation methods and error correction codes to mitigate these errors and extend the capabilities of quantum simulations. Techniques such as quantum error correction, dynamical error suppression, and fault-tolerant quantum computing aim to overcome these challenges and enable longer and more accurate quantum simulations.

Quantum simulation has enabled the discovery of new phases, such as topological insulators and supersolids, and the study of strongly correlated systems, like high-temperature superconductors. By mimicking condensed matter systems in the laboratory, researchers can observe and understand their behavior in detail, leading to a deeper understanding of quantum phenomena and the development of new materials and technologies. Quantum simulations have the potential to revolutionize fields such as condensed matter physics, materials science, and chemistry. By simulating molecular Hamiltonians, quantum simulations can provide insights into chemical reactions, electronic structures, and excited states, with implications for drug discovery and materials design. Furthermore, quantum simulations can accelerate materials discovery by predicting the properties of new materials and optimizing existing ones for specific applications.

Esteban Adrian Martinez: Introduction to Quantum Simulators (Summer School on Collective Behaviour in Quantum Matter, September 2018)

Tuesday, November 5, 2024

[akgudiyal]

What is "Topological Quantum Computing?

Topological Quantum Computing (TQC) is an advanced model of quantum computing that uses the principles of topology, a branch of mathematics dealing with spatial properties that are preserved under continuous transformations, to perform computations. Unlike traditional quantum computing models, which rely on quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in superpositions of 0 and 1 states, TQC is based on anyons—exotic particles that exist in two-dimensional spaces and exhibit unique topological properties.Read more

[questioning-my-identity-element]

Hi!

I saw your post about graphical calculus used in quantum algebra/topology and wanted to ask you if you'd like to share any introductionary papers/books regarding that topic? As a fan of algebra and topology, It looks wild and i want to understand it!

sure! i just gave some general comments and a link to my video, but these lecture notes go into more details:

https://people.math.osu.edu/penneys.2/8800//Math8800Spring2021.html

moreover, if you're interested in their application to quantum computing, my advisor wrote the book on it:

if you want some modern research on planar algebras and subfactors, this thesis is a good source

[123567-9qaaq9]

Informative Report on Global Quantum Processors Market | BIS Research

Quantum processors are specialized computational devices designed to perform calculations using the principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical processors, which use bits to represent data as either 0 or 1, quantum processors use quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 simultaneously.

The Global Global Quantum Processors Market is projected to reach $5,019.4 Million by 2033 from $1,070.9 million in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 16.70% during the forecast period 2023-2033

Global Quantum Processors Overview 

Quantum processors are the foundational components of quantum computers, designed to leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that classical computers cannot. Unlike classical processors, which use bits to represent data as either 0 or 1, quantum processors use quantum bits or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously through a phenomenon known as superposition. Furthermore, qubits can be entangled, meaning the state of one qubit can be directly correlated with the state of another, even across vast distances.

Key Concepts 

Qubits 

Superposition 

Entanglement 

Quantum Gates 

Download the report to understand better 

Market Segmentation

1 By Application 

•    Quantum Computing

•    Cryptography

•    Quantum Simulation

•    Quantum Sensing and Metrology

2 By Type 

•    Superconducting Qubits

•    Trapped-Ion Qubits

•    Topological Qubits

•    Quantum Dots

3 By Business Model 

•    Quantum Computing-as-a-Service

•    Computer Sales

4 By Region 

•    North America - U.S., Canada, and Mexico

•    Europe - Germany, France, Italy, Spain, U.K., and Rest-of-Europe

Grab a look at our free sample page to know more click here ! 

 

Key Market Players 

Rigetti & Co, LLC. 

Google Quantum AI 

IBM 

Quantinuum Ltd 

IonQ, Inc. 

and many others 

For more reports visit our Electronics and Semiconductor Vertical Page ! 

Global Quantum Processors Market Drivers 

The following are the demand drivers for the global quantum processors market:

•    Increasing Demand for Enhanced Computational Power •    Advancements in Quantum Technology

The market is expected to face some limitations as well due to the following challenges:

•    High Cost of Development and Implementation •    Lack of Talent in Quantum Computing

Grab a hold on our sample page for the better understanding! 

Recent Developments in the Global Quantum Processors Market

•  In February 2024, D-Wave Systems announced that its 1200+ qubit Advantage2 prototype would be available via its Leap real-time quantum cloud service. This allowed existing Leap subscribers to gain immediate access to the new hardware, and new users can sign up for Leap and receive up to one minute of complimentary use of the Advantage2 prototype alongside other quantum processor units and solvers offered by the platform. •  In December 2023, IBM announced the collaboration with Keio University, University of Tokyo, Yonsei University, Seoul National University, and University of Chicago to work together to support quantum education activities in Japan, Korea, and the U.S. •    In June 2023, Intel Corporation unveiled its latest quantum research chip, Tunnel Falls, a 12-qubit silicon chip, extending its availability to the quantum research community. This introduction of Tunnel Falls underscores the ongoing technological advancements in quantum computing, and the company’s focus on silicon-based qubits highlights the potential for scalability and integration with existing semiconductor manufacturing processes, which could drive broader adoption of quantum computing technologies across industries.

Conclusion 

In conclusion, global quantum processors represent a transformative step in computing technology, with the potential to solve problems that are currently beyond the reach of classical processors. As research and development continue across the world, countries and organizations are investing heavily in quantum computing to gain a competitive edge in fields like cryptography, artificial intelligence, drug discovery, and material science.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Physics researchers identify new multiple Majorana zero modes in superconducting SnTe

A collaborative research team has identified the world's first multiple Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in a single vortex of the superconducting topological crystalline insulator SnTe and exploited crystal symmetry to control the coupling between the MZMs. This discovery, published in Nature, offers a new pathway to realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers. The team was led by Prof. Junwei Liu, Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), and Prof Jinfeng Jia and Prof Yaoyi Li from Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). MZM is a zero-energy topologically nontrivial quasiparticle in a superconductor that obeys non-Abelian statistics, allowing for inequivalent braiding sequences, even though the total number of exchanges is the same. This contrasts with ordinary particles, such as electrons or photons, where different braiding always results in the same final state. This unique property protects MZMs from local perturbations, making them an ideal platform for robust fault-tolerant quantum computation.

Read more.

[govindhtech]

Microsoft Azure ND H200 V5 VMs For AI HPC Performance

As AI becomes more prevalent, the demand for high-performance, scalable infrastructure will only increase dramatically. Microsoft Azure is deploying new cloud-based AI-supercomputing clusters built with Azure ND H200 v5 series virtual machines (VMs) since its clients depend on Azure AI infrastructure to generate creative AI-driven solutions. These virtual machines (VMs) are now widely accessible and designed to manage increasingly sophisticated advanced AI workloads, ranging from generative inferencing to basic model training. Due to their size, effectiveness, and improved performance, customers and Microsoft AI services like Azure Machine Learning and Azure OpenAI Service are already adopting its ND H200 v5 virtual machines (VMs).

ND-H200-v5 size series

The Azure ND H200 v5 series virtual machine is engineered to provide outstanding performance for tasks related to artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC). These virtual machines (VMs) make use of the NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPU, which provides 76% more High Bandwidth Memory than the H100 GPUs, in order to achieve better performance on cutting-edge Generative AI models. Larger datasets and more complicated models may be handled by the H200 GPU, which is perfect for generative AI and scientific computing. It has 141 GB of high-speed memory and 4.8 TB/s of memory bandwidth.

Eight NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPUs coupled by 900 GB/s NVLink are the foundation of the Azure ND H200 v5 series, along with a single virtual machine. Deployments based on the ND H200 v5 can support hundreds of GPUs and 3.2Tb/s of connection bandwidth per virtual machine. Every GPU in the virtual machine has a dedicated 400 Gb/s NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connection that is not affected by topology. These connections, which feature GPUDirect RDMA, are set up automatically between virtual machines that are part of the same virtual machine scale set.

Many AI, ML, and analytics technologies (such as TensorFlow, Pytorch, Caffe, RAPIDS, and other frameworks) that allow GPU acceleration “out-of-the-box” do exceptionally well with these instances. Furthermore, a wide range of current AI and HPC tools that are based on NVIDIA’s NCCL communication libraries for smooth GPU clustering are compatible with the scale-out InfiniBand interface. The Azure ND H200 v5 virtual machines are equipped with eight NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPUs and are designed using Microsoft’s systems methodology to optimize efficiency and performance. In particular, they bridge the gap caused by GPUs’ exponential growth in raw processing power relative to associated memory and memory bandwidth.

Azure ND H100 v5 VMs Vs Azure ND H200 v5 VMs

Compared to the previous generation of Azure ND H100 v5 VMs, the Azure ND H200 v5 series VMs offer a 76% increase in High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) to 141GB and a 43% improvement to 4.8 TB/s in HBM bandwidth. GPUs can now access model parameters more quickly with the boost in HBM bandwidth, which also helps to lower total application latency a crucial statistic for real-time applications like interactive agents. Additionally, by enabling users to avoid the complexity of running dispersed jobs across several VMs, the ND H200 V5 VMs improve performance by supporting larger, more complicated Large Language Models (LLMs) within the memory of a single VM.

H200 supercomputing clusters’ design also makes it possible to manage GPU memory for model weights, batch sizes, and key-value cache more effectively. These factors all have an impact on the throughput, latency, and cost-effectiveness of workloads including LLM-based generative AI inference. In comparison to the ND H100 v5 series, the ND H200 v5 VM can support bigger batch sizes because of its increased HBM capacity, which improves GPU efficiency and throughput for inference workloads on both small language models (SLMs) and LLMs.

In preliminary testing, it found that for inference workloads using the LLAMA 3.1 405B model (with world size 8, input length 128, output length 8, and maximum batch sizes of 32 for H100 and 96 for H200), the throughput gain with Azure ND H200 v5 VMs was up to 35% higher than with the ND H100 v5 series.

To assist organizations in getting started right away, the ND H200 v5 VMs come pre-integrated with Azure Batch, Azure Kubernetes Service, Azure OpenAI Service, and Azure Machine Learning.

Read more on Govindhtech.com

[johnboymoulton]

Microsoft Quantum Computing from Miguel Rato on Vimeo.

A project by Tendril.

Our goal was to develop a spot to reveal a big breakthrough achieved by Microsoft scientists

in the field of quantum computing. A significant leap, with the potential to change the course of computing in the world. The proof and validation of an old century theory of physics, became reality and with this resource in hands, the dream to develop a quantum computer capable of solving problems in ways as yet unimaginable, becomes tangible.

Quantum computing development revolves around its building block, known as Qubit. To achieve meaningful processing results, at least a million of them are required. For that, a secure and reliable design is crucial. Microsoft now holds this potential, the ability to manipulate Majorana particles has paved the way for the development of a stable Qubit and much more accurate in its calculations, introducing the Topological Qubit.