#The Earls of Mercia

[coloursofunison]

The Danish King's Enemy is this week's Kindle Countdown Deal at 99p/99c on Amazon UK/US, and available to read with Kindle Unlimited

The Danish King's Enemy is this week's Kindle Countdown Deal at 99p/99c on Amazon UK/US, and available to read with Kindle Unlimited #bookbargain #TalesOfMercia

Here’s the blurb: Every story has a beginning. Leofwine has convinced his king to finally face his enemies in battle and won a great victory, but in the meantime, events have spiralled out of control elsewhere. With the death of Olaf Tryggvason of Norway, England has lost an ally, and Leofwine has gained an enemy. And not just any enemy. Swein is the king of Denmark, and he has powerful…

[oscarwetnwilde]

James Wilby & Sporting, Part Two: 1. Victoria (2016): shooting 2. Maurice (1987): cricket 3. Poirot (2008): snooker 4. An Ideal Husband (1999): golf 5. Shadows In The Sun (2009): biking 6. Bertie And Elizabeth (2002): shooting 7. Bertie And Elizabeth (2002): tennis 8. You, Me, And It (1993): rugby 9. Lady Godiva (2008): sword fighting 10. A Summer Story (1988): biking

[thepastisalreadywritten]

SCULPTURE: “LADY GODIVA” by John Thomas (1813 - 1862), UK.

According to the legend dating back to at least the 13th century, Lady Godiva (b. around 1040 — d. between 1066 and 1086), a countess whose name (Godgifu or Godgyfu) translates from Latin as 'gift of God,' rode through the streets of Coventry, Warwickshire, England, in 11th century AD, with nothing but her long hair covering her.

This act was a condition set by her husband Leofric, Earl of Mercia, to lower taxes for the people.

She rode through the town while the inhabitants stayed indoors with windows and doors shut.

According to that legend, her husband, moved by her bravery, kept his promise and reduced the taxes.

This myth portrays Lady Godiva as possibly the first woman to use her body to defend a social cause.

Maidstone Museum, Kent

[whencyclopedia]

Aethelred, Lord of the Mercians

Aethelred ruled as Lord of the Mercians from c. 881 to 911 and was a key military leader in the fight against Viking conquest and settlement in England. To defend Mercia, he allied himself to the powerful Kingdom of Wessex under the leadership of Alfred the Great (r. 871-899) and later married Alfred's daughter, Aethelflaed, to strengthen their alliance.

Today, Aethelred is primarily remembered as King Alfred's dutiful son-in-law or as the husband of the celebrated Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians. However, he was an important historical figure in his own right, who led Mercia during a time of intense conflict and transformation, which lay the foundations for the unification of England that would be completed in 927 by Aethelred's foster son, King Aethelstan (r. 924-939).

Historical Sources & Modern Depiction

Aethelred's life is documented in several contemporary sources. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a chronicle recorded at Alfred's court in the 890s, and Bishop Asser's Life of King Alfred, a contemporary biography of Alfred, provide key but limited details on Aethelred's life, including his relationship with Alfred and his military campaigns. Additionally, several of Aethelred's land charters still exist, providing valuable records of his land and property transactions and his interactions with the Mercian clergy and nobility. We are also aided by the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, a series of later medieval Irish chronicles. These annals provide insight into the later years of Aethelred's life, which were marked by illness and Mercia's defence against Norse-Irish Viking raids in Britain.

Interest in Aethelred has grown in recent years, primarily due to Toby Regbo's portrayal of him in the TV show The Last Kingdom (2015-2022), in which he is depicted as an incompetent and cowardly ruler who resents his wife. However, Bernard Cornwall – the author of The Saxon Stories, on which the show is based – admitted his portrayal of the Mercian leader was unfair to the real historical Aethelred. From the limited source material on Aethelred and his character, we see a courageous soldier and capable ruler who enjoyed a healthy relationship with Aethelflaed and was remembered by medieval chroniclers as a "man of distinguished excellence" and a "valorous earl" (Forester, 89 & Giles, 239).

Continue reading...

[idkyetxoxo]

Eight | Allure | The Last Kingdom

"You won't lose me, I promise,"

"We are the daughters of the great Earl Ragnar. We do not give up easily"

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───☆⋅☾⋅☆───

As we sailed back to Mercia, I witnessed an interesting scene, Skade, in a bizarre ritual, cut her hand with Uhtred's blade, letting her blood flow into his mouth before they kissed.

"Who's up for a taste of my blood next?" I quipped, exhaling with a hint of melodrama as I glanced at Finan and Osferth. The biting wind only served to exacerbate the discomfort from the lingering ache in my rib, where a wound still smarted.

No sooner had the words left my lips than I was met with incredulous stares from them. Evidently, the blood ritual didn't exactly align with their sensibilities.

A faint smile danced across my lips as Finan chimed in. "I've got a long list of things I'd do for a lady's favour, but that? That's a step too far," he remarked, gesturing broadly with his hands. 

I couldn't help but laugh, though it was accompanied by a wince as the laughter aggravated my injury once more. "You're hurt," Osferth pointed out, stating the obvious, to which I offered a nod and smile.

"Always stating the obvious, aren't you, baby monk?" I retorted, grabbing a cloth to staunch the bleeding while Finan winced at the inadequate treatment.

"You need proper cleaning," Finan insisted, but I waved off his concern, dismissing the injury as inconsequential. Despite my protestations, Finan enlisted Sihtric's help, redirecting our conversation as he whisked Osferth away.

"Why him?" I challenged defensively, but Finan's response was simple, they had other matters to attend to, a poorly made up lie, leaving me to navigate the discomfort of both my physical wound and the emotional one.

I sighed, fixating on the mesmerizing play of light on the water's surface as Sihtric approached. "Don't touch me," I warned, my tone sharp, but he disregarded my resistance, kneeling before me and coaxing me into a seated position forcibly.

"So, we're back to caring again," I grumbled, crossing my arms defensively. Sihtric, undeterred, explained the necessity of his actions once more, his breath catching sharply as he lifted my shirt to inspect the wound.

Resigned, I allowed him to tend to me, pondering the consequences of neglecting the injury. As he cleaned the wound, I couldn't shake the fear of succumbing to a rusty axe infection, that was not how I planned on going out.

"You didn't have to release Dagfinn," I pointed out, my voice tinged with accusation. Sihtric sighed, his expression weighted with regret. "I needed him to infiltrate the camp. I despised the act, every bit of it, even if you don't think so" he confessed "But I promise you, vengeance will find its way to him. I'll ensure it."

"I don't need your help," I asserted, bristling at the notion of relying on another. Sihtric chuckled softly, shaking his head in amusement. "Of course, you don't," he replied, his smile carrying a hint of understanding as he gazed into my eyes while securing a cloth around my ribs.

"You, my little devil possess all the strength you require," he murmured, his breath caressing my skin as our proximity heightened. His intense gaze held me in a trance. The air between us crackled with unspoken words, our lips poised to meet in a forbidden embrace if either of us moved even an inch.

With a blink, I withdrew sharply, pulling my shirt back into place. Sihtric's gaze fell momentarily, the weight of our shared moment lingering in the air, before he departed toward Finan and Osferth, leaving me to contemplate the tumult of emotions against the backdrop of the serene waters.

──☆⋅☾⋅☆──

Upon our arrival in Coccham, it became evident within moments that something was amiss. As we stepped into the hall, Bishop Erkenwald sat alongside several other priests, their presence ominous. The focal point of the room, a sizable cross, hung conspicuously, casting a shadow over the atmosphere.

"Take it down" Uhtred's voice cut through the tension, demanding the cross's immediate removal. Yet, the Bishop hesitated, prompting Hild to interject, attempting to mitigate the offence the cross might have caused. Despite her efforts, I couldn't conceal the disappointment that flickered across my expression as I glanced at her.

Before further words could be exchanged, the heavy cross plummeted from its place, narrowly missing my face. My ire rose as I looked up to find Skade, whose indifference only fueled my disdain. 

"Stupid bitch," I muttered under my breath, resigning myself to the table as Uhtred exited to converse with Hild outside.

"I am going to Winchester with the Bishop" I declared as I approached Uhtred and the others, the weight of the impending journey heavy upon us. "Perhaps it's wise for you to hide yourself and join Osferth and me as we enter. They harbour as much hatred towards you as they do towards me," Uhtred whispered, his words measured to evade the Bishop's ears.

"They likely despise her even more. Lady Aelswith fervently believes you to be the devil itself," Finan remarked, his words prompting a wry smirk to curl at the corners of my lips.

"You just don't know why she hates me as much as she does. It's a story for another time though," I remarked, punctuating my words with a playful wink as Finan raised an intrigued eyebrow.

"I shall present myself under the guise of safeguarding the welfare of my nieces and nephews," I asserted firmly towards Uhtred now.

"Should so much as a strand of their hair be disturbed, any person responsible will answer for it," I proclaimed loudly, relishing the Bishop's pious reaction as I basked in the satisfaction.

Though Steapa hesitated at the threshold, wary of admitting us, he relented in the end. Little did he know, Uhtred and Osferth trailed closely behind us, concealed from view.

News of Edward's impending marriage reached us, prompting our request to stay for the ceremony, a request Bishop Erkenwald granted with a terse nod, met with a subtle flourish of my dagger. 

In a quiet moment, Osferth pulled us aside, bearing tidings that Uhtred had vanquished Skade and shattered his curse.

"That is the best news I have ever heard" I exclaimed, enveloping Osferth in a tight embrace before planting a kiss on both of his cheeks. His blush betrayed his bashfulness, yet my heart soared with joy. With Osferth and Finan off in search of ale, I turned my steps toward Thyra's house.

I knocked gently on the door, waiting as Thyra welcomed me inside, her grip loosening around the hilt of a knife she had brought with her. Without a word, I drew her into a tight embrace, sensing the weight of our shared grief for our fallen brother pressing upon us.

In the quiet of her home, we stood intertwined, each heartbeat a solemn tribute to Ragnar's memory. Thyra gestured toward the back of the house signalling Uhtred's presence.

"I cannot trust Uhtred to spill this blood without risking my life," I confessed as Uhtred frowned in offence, I passed my dagger to Thyra, who deftly positioned a bowl beneath my arm, preparing to collect the vital offering.

"Why did you answer the door armed?" I inquired softly, breaking the silence that enveloped us as blood seeped out from the wound on my arm. Thyra met my gaze, weariness etched into the lines of her expression. With a heavy sigh, her eyes flitted briefly toward Uhtred before returning to me.

"People here object to my presence, they only see me as a Dane" she divulged, her tone tinged with resignation. My jaw clenched in response to the injustice of her plight. "Name them, and I will deal with it," I offered, my resolve firm. Yet Thyra shook her head, her determination unwavering.

"Thyra I mean it, I lost Ragnar already I can not bear to lose you too" I implored, desperation colouring my words. Her lips brushed against my forehead in a tender kiss, a reassurance amidst the tumult of uncertainty.

"You won't lose me, I promise," she vowed, her voice infused with the resilient spirit of our lineage. "We are the daughters of the great Earl Ragnar. We do not give up easily" she affirmed, a flicker of pride igniting within me at her unwavering resolve.

Beocca's arrival stirred the air with tension as he returned home to find us awaiting his presence. His disapproval of our intentions hung heavily in the air, his staunch opposition to the blood collection echoing through the confines of the room. 

To Beocca, such practices reeked of heathen paganism, a transgression against the very fabric of his devout beliefs, and he refused to condone it.

Thyra, ever the voice of reason, appealed to Beocca's sense of understanding, her words a delicate entreaty amidst the tempest of his convictions. Though his frustration simmered visibly beneath the surface Beocca departed.

Yet, in the quiet moments that followed, Beocca returned shortly, with a solemn plea, he beseeched Uhtred to speak with Alfred.

──☆⋅☾⋅☆──

As they were preparing to leave, the distant murmur of voices outside was heard. In one swift motion, I rose from my seat, pushing the bowl of blood aside and clenching my bleeding arm, ready to confront whatever disturbance lay beyond the door. With Beocca at my side, I stepped outside to meet the source of the commotion.

As Aethelwold and Sigebriht clamoured outside, their demands for entry reverberated through the stillness of the scene. 

"My brother is not inside," I retorted firmly, concealing the wound on my arm behind my back away from their prying eyes. Finan and Sihtric arrived next, their expressions firm as they took in the scene.

Aethelwold's insistence grated on my nerves, "Then you wouldn't mind us coming in and looking around," he pressed, his arrogance a bitter pill to swallow. My lip curled in disdain as I met his gaze, unwilling to yield to his demands. 

"Very demanding coming from someone who's just lost an eye for betraying his country," I retorted, a smirk playing at the corners of my mouth.

His next taunt ignited a firestorm of fury within me "And you seem very happy for someone who's just lost a brother," he goaded, his words a brazen provocation. 

My patience worn thin, I levelled a glare at him, my threat hanging in the air like a shadow. "If you want to lose that other eye, keep going," I warned, the edge in my voice cutting through the tension like a blade.

Beocca's intervention offered a fleeting reprieve from the escalating confrontation, his hand resting gently on my shoulder in a silent plea for restraint.

"Always with the smart mouth," Aethelwold's voice dripped with venom. His sneer widened as he dredged up the painful memories of Ragnar. "It's a shame that mouth was the reason Ragnar denounced you as his sister, left you like some common whore."

Anger boiled within me, threatening to erupt into a tempest of fury. "You do not get to say his name," I warned the fire in my eyes mirroring the rage that coursed through my veins.

Aethelwold remained unfazed, his smirk a twisted reflection of his arrogance. Before I could unleash the storm brewing within me, Thyra emerged from the confines of the house, inviting Aethelwold to look inside.

I met Thyra's reassuring gaze as the two men scoured the premises, coming out emptyhanded. I seized Aethelwold by the arm, my grip unyielding as I confronted him with a warning.

"Next time you decide to disgrace Ragnar's name by speaking it, you won't have a tongue left," I vowed, my voice tinged with fire. With a forceful nudge, I propelled him forward.

His instinct to retaliate flickered on his face, but before he could muster a response, he was met with the presence of Finan and Sihtric. With nothing more than a stern glance, they reinforced the boundaries warning him of the consequences should he dare to cross them again.

"Keep walking if you know what's good for you," Sihtric's voice cut through the air, Aethelwold yielded and his footsteps echoed the rhythm of his retreat.

As Beocca escorted Uhtred to meet with Alfred, and with Thyra by my side, we retreated into the sanctuary of her home.

"You're going to bleed out and die someday if you're so careless with your wounds," Thyra chided gently, her nimble fingers expertly wrapping cloth around the gash on my arm. I couldn't help but smile at her concern.

"Stop smiling," she scolded, her tone softening with a hint of exasperation. Quickly, I wiped the smile from my face, though the corners of my lips still twitched with amusement.

"Your clothes are now covered in blood," Thyra admonished, her eyes scanning my stained tunic and pants with a mixture of reproach and concern. I followed her gaze, noting the crimson spots that marred the fabric.

"Well, the great thing about being sisters is that we can share clothes," I pointed out. Thyra rolled her eyes in response, her expression a mixture of fondness and resignation as she set off to find me a clean dress.

With Thyra's assistance, I slipped into the pale blue linen dress she had chosen, the fabric cool against my skin, not a colour I would typically choose though. "All better," I declared, twirling mockingly for her amusement.

But Thyra wasn't finished with her sisterly duties just yet. With a gentle hand, she guided me to sit down, our conversation flowing effortlessly as we delved into the depths of our shared memories with Ragnar. In those moments, the world outside faded away, leaving only the comforting embrace of sisterhood to envelop us in its warmth.

───☆⋅☾⋅☆───

"MY" little devil 💞💞also there is an easter egg for a future chapter in this one (kinda a filler chap but the next one has some exciting stuff 🤭)

[divineandmajesticinone]

Peter Ferdinando as the Earl of Mercia King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017) dir. Guy Ritchie

[lilithlovessapphires]

In a World of Our Own {Alice Liddell x fem!reader}

Plot - You and your best friend, Alice, sneak away from your lesson and, after singing a peaceful song, you both realize your shared feelings.

Universe - Alice in Wonderland

Posted - Thursday 7th March, 2024

It was a warm sunday morning when you and your best friend, Alice, were forced to listen as her sister, Lorina, read a history book to you both.

"Edwin and Morcar, the earls of Mercia and Northumbria, declared for him." Lorina read aloud as you and Alice were sat atop a thick tree branch, creating flower crowns.

"And even Stigand..." She paused when Alice's leg dropped from the tree branch, swinging softly.

"Alice."

"Hm?" She looked down at her sister, who had interrupted her peace.

"Oh, I'm listening." Alice lifted her leg back up onto the branch and continued making her flower crown.

You covered your mouth to try and muffle your giggle. Alice looked at you with her soft blue eyes and smiled softly at you.

Oh, she was just so beautiful! She was just like an angel! Her eyes were a beautiful shade of blue and her smile was so-

Wait, what were you saying?

Lorina continued.

"And even Stigand, the archbishop of Canterbury, agreed to meet with William and offer him,"

Alice reached over to you and gently put the crown of white flowers on your head.

"The crown."

Your face immediately turned bright red at her soft touch. Unfortunately for you, Alice noticed and began giggling.

But so did Lorina.

"Alice! Y/N!" She said sternly. "Will you both kindly pay attention to your history lesson."

"I'm sorry." You said.

"But how can one possibly pay attention to a book with no pictures in it?"

"My dear children..." She closed the book for a moment to regain her composure. "There are a great many good books in this world without pictures."

"In this world perhaps."

"But in our world, the books would be nothing 𝑏𝑢𝑡 pictures." You both said in unison.

"Your world?" Lorina looked up, amused. "Oh! What nonsense. Now..."

"Nonsense? That's it Y/N!" She looked over at you, an excited grin on her angelic face.

"If we had a world of our own, everything would be nonsense. Nothing would be what it is, because everything would be what it isn't. And contrariwise, what it is, wouldn't be, and what it wouldn't be, it would. You see?"

You paused for a second to take in her monologue before replying,

"I don't think I do, Alice."

She got down from the tree branch you two were resting on and continued.

"In our world, you wouldn't say 'I don't think I do, Alice. You'd say 'Yes, dear.' "

Alice took your hand and took you to the beautiful meadow.

"In our world, cats and rabbits would reside in fancy little houses, and be dressed in shoes and hats and trousers."

She lay down in the meadow, you following her lead.

"In a world of our own..."

"All the flowers would have very extra special powers. They would sit and talk to me for hours when I'm lonely in a world of our own."

A blue bird flew by, catching Alice's attention.

"There'd be new birds, lots of nice and friendly how-de-do birds. Everyone would have a dozen bluebirds within that world of our own."

"I could listen to a babbling brook and hear a song that I could understand." She sang. You both were sat on the grass next to a clear blue river.

"I keep wishing it could be that way because our world would be a Wonderland." You both said in unison.

She looked up at you with her soft blue eyes. They glazed over with recognition and she smiled widely.

And then your lips met hers in a soft kiss.

[tzekkaz]

Throwback Thursday: Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Dane nobility

This throwback Thursday there is a number of character models including Alfred the great and Aethelflaed, Lady of Mercia as well as a number of Earls. The models are produced by a number of companies they are:

Victrix

Bad Squiddo Games

Gripping Beast

That is all for now, thanks for viewing my models

until next time

happy hobbying!

[jens-holland]

While rewatching season 2 of Vikings Valhalla today, I brainstormed a few possible storylines that they might pursues for season 3.

Since Olaf is already dead and he was like,, technically meant to be a major player for another 20 years, it's hard to imagine what sort of conflict they could come up with for the Norway arc, so it'll probably be something made-up, but Olaf's son Magnus will likely be back. Hopefully, they'll bring in Einar Thambarskelfir, a wealthy landowner in northern Norway, who irl brought Magnus back from Kiev after his father's death. Maybe, he'll make his play for power in Olaf's name!

They probably won't explore anything in Denmark or Sweden (especially since they just did not fill us in on anything that Knut was doing in Denmark this past season), but in England there are plenty of possibilities: they could bring in the earls of Bamburgh (and the real Uhtred the Bold, not the self-insert one from TLK), they could address the struggle to bring Mercia into the fold that they sort of/sort of did not wrap up in season 1, and there is always fucking Scotland!! I would love to see Knut put Malcolm II in his place and host that meeting with Malcolm, Macbeth, and Echmarcach mac Ragnaill that happens around 1030.

Also Knut related: I wonder if he'll be visiting Rome in season 3, because there are several actors credited as cardinals on imdb and Knut did travel to Rome irl also around 1030. If he does go to Rome, I hope we encounter Conrad II because they were like bffs (and lowkey kind of gay).

I have nothing to go off of for Freydis's plot, but over in Constantinople, I wonder if Leif will find maps leading to North America when he reaches Mariam's house. As for Harald, Kaysan, and Batu (the later two I expect will join Harald in the Varangian Guard), hopefully they'll go to Sicily with Maniakes and if we're lucky, we'll encounter William Ironarm or other Norman warlords fucking around in Italy at that time. Either that, or I'd be down for a greater focus on the political drama that is RIFE in Constantinople. I don't have high hopes that John the Orphanotrophos will show up, but if Romanos is supposed to be Romanos Diogenes, we'll have the Doukai opposing him, the fateful Battle of Manzikert, and possibly even the Komnenoi since the writers/producers only seem to care about bringing in the well known families/events rather than trying to bring lesser known but historically relevant figures to the big screen.

Somehow, they're also bringing Eirik the Red into the show, so I wonder if maybe Freydis will be returning home to Greenland, but again, this is where I'm less knowledgable, so no matter what happens I will definitely be surprised. I already know that literally all of my expectations here will be subverted; I don't know how they do it, but they manage it EVERY TIME.

[aithusarosekiller]

The Black family being trusted by the King so much so that they have power over Wessex, Mercia, and East Anglia (Orion, Lucius and Narcissa, Cygnus)

Fleamont is Earl of Northumbria (obviously it's gonna be Northumbria) but when he dies, for some reason, the King chooses to consider giving James Wessex and handing Northumbria to Peter, a trusted Thegn

Which PISSES REGULUS OFF bc since Sirius' exile he's been working himself to death to make sure he's fit to be Earl of Wessex when his father dies and then this Northener comes in and tries to take his title? In the most important earldom in England? No thank you.

He starts paying more attention to James when the Witan assemble to make decisions with the king (Remus is Archbishop of Canterbury too idc) but only realises that James' kindness is kind of...nice?

But Sirius was exiled to Scotland, where he made friends with the Scottish king, who were very close to the Potters, which managed to dull the hatred between Scotland and north England while also allowing platonic prongsfoot

Basically Anglo Saxon au without the period typical misogyny, slavery, and homophobia

[coloursofunison]

Lady Estrid is this week's kindle deal but who were her family ? #KindleDeal #HistFic

Lady Estrid is this week's kindle deal but who were her family ? #KindleDeal #HistFic

[oscarwetnwilde]

James Wilby + Historical Portrayals: .2nd Lt. Siegfried Lorraine Sassoon (Regeneration) .King George VI (Bertie & Elizabeth) .George Boscawen, 3rd Viscount Falmouth (Poldark) .Bruce Ismay (Titanic) .Ofonius Tigellinus (Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire: Nero) .Edward Russell Thomas (De-Lovely) .John Denby Wheater (The Great Train Robbery) .Brendan Bracken (Churchill's Secret) .Lord Howard Staunton (The Chess Game/La Partie d'echecs) .Herbert Spencer (George Eliot: A Scandalous Life) .Leofric, Earl of Mercia (Lady Godiva) .Judge Carl Aarvold (The Duke) .Charles Lightoller (Words Of The Titanic) .Helmuth James von Moltke (Witness Against Hitler) .Lord Louis Mountbatten (The Last Days of The Raj)

[doriangray1789]

Lady Godiva

(Lady Godiva Efsanesi İngiltere kültürüne ait olup İngiltere Lordu Mercia Kontu olan Earl Leofric ile karısı Mercia Kontesi Lady Godiva arasında geçen bir iddiaya dayanmaktadır. )

Lady Godiva, hem sadakatin, hem başkaldırının, hem tutkunun, hem şefkatin hikâyesidir. 11. yüzyılda İngiltere'nin Coventryhalkı, uygulanan ağır vergiler dolayısıyla isyan içindeydi. Vergileri arttıran Lord Leofric'in eşi Lady Godiva halktan yana düşünmektedir. Lord Leofric'i vergileri indirmesi yönünde ikna etmeye çalışır. Eşinin ısrarından rahatsız olan Lord Leofric, eşine asla kabul edemeyeceğini düşündüğü bir teklif yapar; Lady Godiva'nın at sırtında, sadece saçları ile örtünerek, Coventry sokaklarını boydan boya geçmesi koşuluyla vergi yükünü azaltacağını söyler. Lady Godiva'nın buna cesaret edemeyeceğine inanan Lord, eşinin baskılarını bu şekilde kıracağını düşünmüştür. Fakat, Lady Godiva atının üzerinde bu geçişi yapar. Bu durumu öğrenen halk, dükkânlarını kapatarak evlerine çekilir. Lady'nin onurunu korumak adına insanlar sokağa çıkmazlar, hiçbir pencerenin perdesi bile aralanmaz. Lady'nin bu cesur davranışı karşısında, ona duydukları derin saygıyı gözlerini kapatarak gösterirler.

Lord Leofric eşine verdiği sözü tutar ve vergileri indirir. Bu olaydan sonra Lady Godiva'nın cesareti, kararlılığı, saflığı, tutkusu ve güzelliği pek çok sanatçıya ilham kaynağı olmuş, tarih boyunca çok sayıda farklı tarzlarda resmedilmiş ve heykellere konu olmuştur

Maureen O'Hara'nın oynadığı 1955 yapımı bir film ve Maureen Lipman'ın oynadığı 1985 yapımı bir televizyon serisi de dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda yapıma uyarlanmıştır.

[jhsharman]

Peep

On "Peeping Tom" -- In A Concise Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1993), B. A. Phythian writes:

Leofric, Earl of Mercia and one of the most powerful men in England during the first half of the 11th century, imposed certain taxes which his wife, Lady Godiva, patroness of Coventry, asked him to remove. He promised to do so if she would ride naked through the city, which she accordingly did in 1040.

But most medieval scholars agree that the ride never took place. Daniel Donoghue, professor of English and American literature and language, explains that contemporary historians did not consider Godiva particularly noteworthy; what little was written about her at the time mentioned her merely as the wife of a famous man. He points out that two centuries after her death, chroniclers in the Benedictine abbey of St Albans inserted a fully developed narrative into their Latin histories: the legend of Lady Godiva was born.

So it starts with Flores Historiarum (Flowers of History – completed in 1235?), by Roger de Wendover (died 1236), a monk at the abbey of St Albans. And goes from there.

An edict forbidding the town’s citizens to gaze on Godiva during her ride was added to the legend.

The creation of Tom specifically appears to originate with a 17th century misreading of a 16th century painting. The painting that the soldiers describe is most probably Lady Godiva (1586), by Adam von Noort. It shows Lady Godiva riding through the empty streets, and a bearded man looking out an upstairs window from a building on the right-hand side. This man is probably Leofric, but his identity is not obvious, which might have contributed to the emergence of the figure of the voyeur.

Eventually, the voyeur was provided with an occupation; in the above-mentioned book, Daniel Donoghue explains:

As a tailor he would conveniently be equipped with an awl to bore a viewing hole, but the occupation would be appropriate for other reasons as well. Proverbially, tailors were thought to be less than fully men even to the point of suggesting their emasculation (“Nine tailors make the man”). So, for example, when a tailor in a fairy tale accomplishes something heroic, his deficient manhood throws the magical transformation into greater relief. In addition, the tailor’s business of making clothes, in contrast to Godiva’s nakedness, may have added to the thematic appeal.

So. There you go. Peeping Tom. Expanding the universe in crevices and nooks within the stories we sell to ourselves built off of small titillation and moralizing.

[theartofmetal]

7. Veto - Heaven Shall Burn (Melodic Death Metal/Metalcore, 2013)

Art by John Collier "Lady Godiva", ca 1898

Lady Godiva, was a late Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who is relatively well documented as the wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, and a patron of various churches and monasteries. Today, she is mainly remembered for a legend dating back to at least the 13th century, in which she rode naked – covered only in her long hair – through the streets of Coventry to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation that her husband, Leofric, imposed on his tenants. (- from Wikipedia)

[luulapants]

Ooh, I find the history of names quite interesting! How about the name Carrie?

Carrie is a diminutive of Caroline, which is a French descendant of the Germanic and decidedly masculine name Karl meaning "man" or "free man," which is in contrast to Earl, meaning "nobleman." This makes it a relative, of course, of names like Carla and Carlos but also Charles, Charlemagne, Charlene, Charlotte, and Chuck.

Caroline's history seems mostly to be subsumed by related masculine names, so it's hard to know exactly when and where it became popular. Karl, based on meaning, no doubt started as a name for free commoners, so by the time it became the name of Cearl of Mercia, a 7th century king, it's fair to assume it was already well-established in popular use. Charles was also in use by the Franks in the 7th century but was of course cemented in noble usage by Charlemagne in the 8th. We can't prudently attribute Caroline's use to Charles, however, because they are sister names, both descended from the Latinized Carolus.

The earliest notable Caroline I can find is Caroline of Ansbach, born 1683, queen consort to George II. Her example is no doubt the reason it's far easier to find noble Carolines born in the 18th century, and by the 19th it seems to have been fabulously popular. Caroline appeared in the 1813 Pride and Prejudice as well as the 1818 Frankenstein. It was the name of numerous 19th century academics and professionals.

By the time US records begin in 1880, Caroline was the 74th most popular name for girls and has had a remarkably stable history since then. Its lowest dip, in the 1950s, dropped it to #329, and it's been in the top 100 since 1994.

The diminutive Carrie, by comparison, seems to not have been used as a given name (though it may have been a nickname) before the early mid-1800s, but by 1880 was actually more popular than Caroline, ranking at #20 in the US. Naming was less diverse in those days, so that ranking meant nearly 1% of baby girls born in the US were named Carrie. For the first half of the 20th century, Carrie and Caroline followed similar slowly downward trajectories. Then, in the 60s, Carrie started to take off in popularity, shooting up to a peak in the 70s... and then disaster.

Stephen King's horror novel Carrie was published in 1974, but it wasn't until the film adaptation, released November 1976, that Carrie began its fall from grace. 8,662 baby girls were named Carrie in 1977. Within 5 years, that number had been halved. Caroline began a slow return to glory, overtaking Carrie in 1988. Carrie dropped out of the top 1000 in 2008.

Based on limited data from the rest of the Anglosphere, it appears that Carrie didn't suffer the same calamity outside the US. Caroline is still going strong in the US, and many of them may be using Carrie as a nickname, which may shield Carrie from the "old person name" effect. That said, the age of Carrie as a legal name in the US has passed for now.