#SpringerLink

[dronacharyagroupofinstitutions]

Future Engineers of Dronacharya Present Paper at MICRO-2024 International Conference

B.Tech First Year Students (Diya Dewa, Khushi Mishra, Nriti Shukla, Ridhima Garg) of Dronacharya Group of Institutions, Greater Noida Presented the Paper under the guidence of Dr.Neha Gupta, on 11th International Conference on “ microelectronics, Circuits and Systems (MICRO-2024)”, Organized by Delhi Technological University in collaboration with Applied Computer Technology, Kolkata on May 16-17 2024.

[newby6320]

Don't forget Pubmed! Run by the US government "PubMed® comprises more than 35 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books."

refseek.com

www.worldcat.org/

link.springer.com

http://bioline.org.br/

repec.org

science.gov

pdfdrive.com

[fatliberation]

they have a point though. you wouldn't need everyone to accommodate you if you just lost weight, but you're too lazy to stick to a healthy diet and exercise. it's that simple. I'd like to see you back up your claims, but you have no proof. you have got to stop lying to yourselves and face the facts

Must I go through this again? Fine. FINE. You guys are working my nerves today. You want to talk about facing the facts? Let's face the fucking facts.

In 2022, the US market cap of the weight loss industry was $75 billion [1, 3]. In 2021, the global market cap of the weight loss industry was estimated at $224.27 billion [2]. 

In 2020, the market shrunk by about 25%, but rebounded and then some since then [1, 3] By 2030, the global weight loss industry is expected to be valued at $405.4 billion [2]. If diets really worked, this industry would fall overnight. 

1. LaRosa, J. March 10, 2022. "U.S. Weight Loss Market Shrinks by 25% in 2020 with Pandemic, but Rebounds in 2021." Market Research Blog. 2. Staff. February 09, 2023. "[Latest] Global Weight Loss and Weight Management Market Size/Share Worth." Facts and Factors Research. 3. LaRosa, J. March 27, 2023. "U.S. Weight Loss Market Partially Recovers from the Pandemic." Market Research Blog.

Over 50 years of research conclusively demonstrates that virtually everyone who intentionally loses weight by manipulating their eating and exercise habits will regain the weight they lost within 3-5 years. And 75% will actually regain more weight than they lost [4].

4. Mann, T., Tomiyama, A.J., Westling, E., Lew, A.M., Samuels, B., Chatman, J. (2007). "Medicare’s Search For Effective Obesity Treatments: Diets Are Not The Answer." The American Psychologist, 62, 220-233. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2007.

The annual odds of a fat person attaining a so-called “normal” weight and maintaining that for 5 years is approximately 1 in 1000 [5].

5. Fildes, A., Charlton, J., Rudisill, C., Littlejohns, P., Prevost, A.T., & Gulliford, M.C. (2015). “Probability of an Obese Person Attaining Normal Body Weight: Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Records.” American Journal of Public Health, July 16, 2015: e1–e6.

Doctors became so desperate that they resorted to amputating parts of the digestive tract (bariatric surgery) in the hopes that it might finally result in long-term weight-loss. Except that doesn’t work either. [6] And it turns out it causes death [7],  addiction [8], malnutrition [9], and suicide [7].

6. Magro, Daniéla Oliviera, et al. “Long-Term Weight Regain after Gastric Bypass: A 5-Year Prospective Study - Obesity Surgery.” SpringerLink, 8 Apr. 2008. 7. Omalu, Bennet I, et al. “Death Rates and Causes of Death After Bariatric Surgery for Pennsylvania Residents, 1995 to 2004.” Jama Network, 1 Oct. 2007.  8. King, Wendy C., et al. “Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders Before and After Bariatric Surgery.” Jama Network, 20 June 2012.  9. Gletsu-Miller, Nana, and Breanne N. Wright. “Mineral Malnutrition Following Bariatric Surgery.” Advances In Nutrition: An International Review Journal, Sept. 2013.

Evidence suggests that repeatedly losing and gaining weight is linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and altered immune function [10].

10. Tomiyama, A Janet, et al. “Long‐term Effects of Dieting: Is Weight Loss Related to Health?” Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6 July 2017.

Prescribed weight loss is the leading predictor of eating disorders [11].

11. Patton, GC, et al. “Onset of Adolescent Eating Disorders: Population Based Cohort Study over 3 Years.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 20 Mar. 1999.

The idea that “obesity” is unhealthy and can cause or exacerbate illnesses is a biased misrepresentation of the scientific literature that is informed more by bigotry than credible science [12]. 

12. Medvedyuk, Stella, et al. “Ideology, Obesity and the Social Determinants of Health: A Critical Analysis of the Obesity and Health Relationship” Taylor & Francis Online, 7 June 2017.

“Obesity” has no proven causative role in the onset of any chronic condition [13, 14] and its appearance may be a protective response to the onset of numerous chronic conditions generated from currently unknown causes [15, 16, 17, 18].

13. Kahn, BB, and JS Flier. “Obesity and Insulin Resistance.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Aug. 2000. 14. Cofield, Stacey S, et al. “Use of Causal Language in Observational Studies of Obesity and Nutrition.” Obesity Facts, 3 Dec. 2010.  15. Lavie, Carl J, et al. “Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factor, Paradox, and Impact of Weight Loss.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 26 May 2009.  16. Uretsky, Seth, et al. “Obesity Paradox in Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease.” The American Journal of Medicine, Oct. 2007.  17. Mullen, John T, et al. “The Obesity Paradox: Body Mass Index and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Nonbariatric General Surgery.” Annals of Surgery, July 2005. 18. Tseng, Chin-Hsiao. “Obesity Paradox: Differential Effects on Cancer and Noncancer Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.” Atherosclerosis, Jan. 2013.

Fatness was associated with only 1/3 the associated deaths that previous research estimated and being “overweight” conferred no increased risk at all, and may even be a protective factor against all-causes mortality relative to lower weight categories [19].

19. Flegal, Katherine M. “The Obesity Wars and the Education of a Researcher: A Personal Account.” Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 15 June 2021.

Studies have observed that about 30% of so-called “normal weight” people are “unhealthy” whereas about 50% of so-called “overweight” people are “healthy”. Thus, using the BMI as an indicator of health results in the misclassification of some 75 million people in the United States alone [20]. 

20. Rey-López, JP, et al. “The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Systematic Review and Critical Evaluation of the Definitions Used.” Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 15 Oct. 2014.

While epidemiologists use BMI to calculate national obesity rates (nearly 35% for adults and 18% for kids), the distinctions can be arbitrary. In 1998, the National Institutes of Health lowered the overweight threshold from 27.8 to 25—branding roughly 29 million Americans as fat overnight—to match international guidelines. But critics noted that those guidelines were drafted in part by the International Obesity Task Force, whose two principal funders were companies making weight loss drugs [21].

21. Butler, Kiera. “Why BMI Is a Big Fat Scam.” Mother Jones, 25 Aug. 2014. 

Body size is largely determined by genetics [22].

22. Wardle, J. Carnell, C. Haworth, R. Plomin. “Evidence for a strong genetic influence on childhood adiposity despite the force of the obesogenic environment” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 87, No. 2, Pages 398-404, February 2008.

Healthy lifestyle habits are associated with a significant decrease in mortality regardless of baseline body mass index [23].  

23. Matheson, Eric M, et al. “Healthy Lifestyle Habits and Mortality in Overweight and Obese Individuals.” Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 25 Feb. 2012.

Weight stigma itself is deadly. Research shows that weight-based discrimination increases risk of death by 60% [24].

24. Sutin, Angela R., et al. “Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality .” Association for Psychological Science, 25 Sept. 2015.

Fat stigma in the medical establishment [25] and society at large arguably [26] kills more fat people than fat does [27, 28, 29].

25. Puhl, Rebecca, and Kelly D. Bronwell. “Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity.” Obesity Research, 6 Sept. 2012. 26. Engber, Daniel. “Glutton Intolerance: What If a War on Obesity Only Makes the Problem Worse?” Slate, 5 Oct. 2009.  27. Teachman, B. A., Gapinski, K. D., Brownell, K. D., Rawlins, M., & Jeyaram, S. (2003). Demonstrations of implicit anti-fat bias: The impact of providing causal information and evoking empathy. Health Psychology, 22(1), 68–78. 28. Chastain, Ragen. “So My Doctor Tried to Kill Me.” Dances With Fat, 15 Dec. 2009. 29. Sutin, Angelina R, Yannick Stephan, and Antonio Terraciano. “Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality.” Psychological Science, 26 Nov. 2015.

There's my "proof." Where is yours?

[writingfromasgard]

I don't like what you're writing!

Here is an informative post based on what I could find over the last week on rape fantasies specifically. I've summarized a majority of the studies into 5 sections, detailed theories, and why it perfectly normal and safe to consume content related to it.

Prevalence of Rape Fantasies:

Studies indicate that between 31% to 62% of women have experienced rape fantasies. These fantasies are complex and multifaceted, often mixing elements of eroticism and aversion​ (SpringerLink)​​ (Psychology Today)​.

Theories Behind Rape Fantasies:

Sexual Blame Avoidance: This theory suggests that rape fantasies allow women to experience sexual desires without feeling responsible for them, thus avoiding guilt and shame​ (Psychology Today)​. Sexual Desirability: Another explanation is that these fantasies enhance feelings of being desired and attractive. This mirrors themes commonly found in romance fiction where a woman's allure drives a man to extreme actions​ (Psychology Today)​. Sexual Openness: The most supported theory posits that women who are more comfortable with their sexuality are freer to explore a range of erotic fantasies, including those they would never want to experience in real life​ (Psychology Today)​.

Impact on Rape Victims:

There is no direct correlation between having experienced sexual assault and the prevalence of rape fantasies. Studies have found that women who have been victims of sexual assault do not necessarily have more or fewer rape fantasies compared to those who have not been assaulted​ (Psychology Today)​.

Psychological Insights:

Rape fantasies do not imply a desire to be assaulted in real life. They are complex psychological phenomena that often involve elements of control, power, and forbidden desire, playing out in a safe mental space​ (SpringerLink)​​ (Psychology Today)​.

Frequency and Context:

The frequency of these fantasies varies widely among women. Some experience them rarely, while for others, they are a frequent part of their fantasy life. The context in which these fantasies occur can also differ significantly, with some scenarios being more about dominance and others about submission​ (Psychology Today)​.

Scientific studies

Frequency, prevalence, and content of rape fantasies 2009

Empirical evaluation of common explanations 2012

How traditionalism affects views of rape victims 2021

CSA victims as Adults and their fantasies 2021

Articles

Unacknowledged Rape: SA victims who attribute their assault as a "misunderstanding" 2021

Understanding and Indulging in Rape Fantasy 2021

Psychology explains Rape Fantasy 2018, opinion piece

[arminreindl]

Dynatoaetus: Australia's Mighty Eagle

Paleontology news from the land down under, and big ones this time. How big? Well how about one of the largest true birds of prey of Australasia. Today a new paper was published naming Dynatoaetus gaffae (Gaff's Mighty Eagle), the largest known bird of prey to have ever existed in Australia. Twice the weight of the modern wedge-tailed eagle, it must have been truly an imposing animal to behold, in the Australasian realm second only to the enormous Haast's eagle of New Zealand. Comparisson below by Ellen K. Mather

But the name is a bit of a missnomer, well sorta. You see, while its referred to as an eagle, phylogenetic analysis shows that the closest living relatives of Dynatoaetus are actually aegypiine vultures. Or in simpler terms, those old world vultures known for their mostly naked necks such as lapett-faced vultures, hooded vultures and griffon vultures. Below some examples of this group by yours truly.

At the same time tho, despite being related to these vultures, Dynatoaetus didn't act like one. In this regard eagle is an appropriate term, more indicative of a lifestyle and morphology rather than relation (seeing as sea eagles relate to kites and philippine eagles are closer to these vultures than "real" eagles). With really robust hindlimbs and powerful talons, Dynatoaetus is more suited to capturing and incapacitating struggling live prey than it is to simply scavening dead bodies. And with Australia's megafauna offering a wide range of kangaroos, giant wombats and flightless birds it hat a lot to choose from.

Of course a bird of this size would not be above scavening either and with its power and bulk it could easily dominate carcasses when in conflict with the smaller Cryptogyps. Overall this lifestyle appears similar to what we see today in wedge-tailed eagles, which are formidable hunters but also opportunistic scavengers. Mather and colleagues even go as far as to suggest that the role of generalist apex predator was initially filled by Dynatoaetus and wedge-tails only managed to take up this nische after the former went extinct some 50k years ago along with most of Australias native fauna.

If you want an idea of things, here's some pictures of wedge-tailed eagles doing their thing. Now imagine what that would be like at twice the size. images by Clive Roper and Scott Bell

As per usual with these posts, here is the Wikipedia page I set up. Keep in mind the skeletal there shows the known material, but does not accurately represent the real proportions as its simply a colored griffon vulture. And the paper itself, its open access and gives more detail than I ever could.

Dynatoaetus - Wikipedia

A giant raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the Pleistocene of southern Australia | SpringerLink

And since you made it this far, here's a reward....or punishment? Idk depends but once I heard its name meant "mighty eagle" I couldn't get this goddamn clip out of my head and so you shall suffer with me.

[coralpenguincherryblossom]

social science disciplines

By Rachel Shannon

The two social science disciplines I have chosen for my topic are geography and sociology. When it comes to geography, the way to break it down is by understanding cultural geography. Cultural geography is the relationship between culture and place. How cultures are distributed over space, how places and identities are produced, how people make sense of places and build sense of place, and how people produce and communicate knowledge and meaning (Rogers, A., Castree, N., Kitchin, r. 2013). Cultural geography explores the different cultures around the world and their relationship to natural environments. It's important to study sociology in order to better understand social differences and social behavior. The relevance of social hierarchies and social power in everyday life. Geography and sociology go hand in hand because landscape has influenced society throughout human history. Before the columbian exchange, people had to rely on the resources from their own native countries. The land also shaped the way people think and assess climate change. Geographical bias is a common condition when it comes to understanding climate change. Studies have shown that the country of origin of a certain work or idea influences how the work is perceived. For example, products originating from prosperous and economically developed countries are considered more durable and trustworthy than products made in less developed countries. Also economically developed countries have higher quality education and are more aware of the significant impact of climate change. Geography influences ethics because populations practice certain religions and morals based on region. For example if one lives in Italy chances are they practice Catholicism, and if they live in Iran they practice Islam. These morals and religions impact people's relationships with the environment. According to Pew Research Center, of all religious groups, Evangelical Protestants were the least likely to believe that global warming is caused by human activity. Why are the most religious people less likely to care about climate? Sources “Research Guides: Human Geography: Cultural Geography.” Cultural Geography

Human Geography - Research Guides at Dartmouth College, researchguides.dartmouth.edu/human_geography/cultural. Accessed 21 Mar. 2024. “Why Study Sociology?” Salem State University, www.salemstate.edu/academics/college-arts-and-sciences/sociology/why-study-sociolo gy. Accessed 21 Mar. 2024. Kowal, Marta, et al. “The Impact of Geographical Bias When Judging Scientific Studies - Scientometrics.” SpringerLink, Springer International Publishing, 24 Nov. 2021, link.springer.com/article Rienstra, Debra. “Why Does Religion Get in the Way of Climate Action?” The Reformed Journal Blog, 17 Feb. 2023, blog.reformedjournal.com/2023/02/18/why-does-religion-get-in-the-way-of-climate-actio n/.

[gotoppr]

We(Gotoppr best phd services) are expertise for publishing articles in international scientific journals, SCI-indexed journals, Scopus indexed journals, IEEExplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ACM library, etc., Thesis/Dissertation preparation & proofreading, technical and non-technical proof-reading for all kind of research drafts, etc.

We also provide Ph.D. Assistance, Ph.D. Consultancy,Ph.D. Guidance,Ph.D Coaching,Ph.D. Admission,Ph.D. Course, etc

[galipemre-sourcesandsignificance]

Blog Posts - Politics

Representation of characters and avatars in video games could be a great example of biased media object because they frequently misunderstand and misrepresent specific groups based on race, gender and identity. A biased media object means media forms such as video game, film, book and advertisement etc. that give data, narratives or characters in a way that reflect stereotypes or representation of certain group of people.

Many games in the past feature white male figures disproportionally while assigning other races to stereotypical and secondary roles. These interpretations strongly support of the idea that exclusion of identities and noxious biases. In order to point out this, inclusive practices could be added more by game developers. Such as their creative team can be diversified to ensure authentic representation.

In order to be avoided by biases, diverse perspectives, groups that are underrepresented need to be considered and searched and accordingly to the feedbacks from these groups of people, final outcome can be refined. In this way, we can create more healthy and creative media objects that represents more group of people and make the work more inclusive.

In conclusion, as a practitioner in the projects and the exhibitions that I would undertake, its notably important for me to take all groups of race, gender and identitities into consideration while designing a context and make it as diversified as possible if the idea of the project would require to.

Williams, D., Martins, N., Consalvo, M. and Ivory, J.D., 2009. The virtual census: Representations of gender, race and age in video games. New Media & Society, 11(5), pp.815-834. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/396966/The_virtual_census_representations_of_gender_race_and_age_in_video_games [Accessed 26 Nov. 2024].

SpringerLink, 2024. Women in video games: An analysis of the biased representation of female characters in current video games. Sexuality & Culture. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12119-024-10286-0 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2024].

Dergipark, 2018. Gender and racial stereotypes of video game characters in (MMO)RPGs. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/doi/10.17829/turcom.514500 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2024].

[foggybagelwolfzine]

Everywhere we go comes the porn, now what?

Week 7 Submission for MDA20009 Class - Hanoi Campus

In the digital age, social media platforms have become battlegrounds for visibility, where content creators strive to gain traction amidst the overwhelming presence of pornographic content. This essay critically examines the impact of body modification on visual social media, focusing on platforms’ mechanisms and creators’ visibility practices, and offers suggestions for creators to overcome the dominance of pornographic content.

The Rise of Pornographic Content

The proliferation of pornographic content on platforms like Instagram, Twitch, and Twitter has significantly influenced the visibility of other types of content. Instagram models, often referred to as ‘aesthetic workers' (Witz, Warhurst & Nickson 2003) and Twitch streamers, sometimes labeled as ‘Twitch THOTs' (Bernal 2019), leverage body modification to attract followers. These platforms, while ostensibly focused on different niches—Instagram for lifestyle, Twitch for gaming, and Twitter for political debate—have seen a surge in content that blurs the lines between artistic expression and explicit material.

Platform Mechanisms and Visibility

Platforms like TikTok have implemented algorithmic curation to enhance the visibility of high-quality content, providing a potential solution to the overshadowing effect of pornographic content. However, the engagement-driven nature of these platforms often means that content with sexual undertones garners more attention, pushing other creators to adopt similar strategies to remain visible (Lee & Wei 2022).

Strategies for Creators

Strategies to (overcome), thus enhance algorithmic (in)visibility include Experimentation and Circumvention, meaning to find a way to get through the algorithm whilst abiding or being reactive to the default settings of the platform (Duffy & Meisner 2022). To combat the dominance of pornographic content, creators can employ several strategies:

Experimentation: Creators should experiment with different types of content to find what resonates with their audience while staying true to their brand. This can be done by utilizing the unique features of each platform, thus help differentiate their content.

Collaboration: Collaborating with other creators can amplify visibility. Even small creators can benefit from partnerships, as these collaborations can signal to algorithms the potential popularity of their content.

Platform Diversification: Creators should consider diversifying their presence across multiple platforms. This not only spreads risk but also taps into different audience segments, reducing reliance on any single platform’s algorithm.

Experimentation with diverse content strategies can help creators navigate the prevalence of pornographic materials on social media, allowing them to overcome algorithmic biases and enhance their visibility by finding unique ways to engage their audience.

Conclusion

As digital citizens, it is crucial to support diverse content and advocate for platform policies that promote quality over engagement-driven metrics. By experimenting, collaborating, and diversifying, creators can navigate the challenging landscape of social media and ensure their content is seen and appreciated.

Reference List

Bernal, A., 2019. Rising Twitch Star Sweet_Anita explains why there are so many ‘twitch thot’ streamers, Dexerto. Available at: https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/rising-twitch-streamer-sweet-anita-puts-polarizing-twitch-thot-figures-into-perspective-285072/

Duffy,  B.E and Meisner, C 2022. “Platform governance at the margins: Social media creators’ experiences with algorithmic (in)visibility,” Media, Culture & Society. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221111923

Lee, K.S. & Wei, H., 2022. Developing Responsible Algorithmic Curation Features in Social Media Through Participatory Design. In With Design: Reinventing Design Modes (IASDR 2021). SpringerLink.

Witz, A., Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D., 2003. The Labour of Aesthetics and the Aesthetics of Organization. Organization, 10(1), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508403010001375

[01courtreporter]

Sonnets and the English Woman Writer, 1560-1621: The Politics of ...

SpringerLink

[fit-ojciec]

Brak odpowiedniej ilości snu (mniej niż 7 godzin) negatywnie wpływa na poziom hormonów, zwłaszcza kortyzolu, który reguluje odpowiedź organizmu na stres. Zwiększony poziom kortyzolu może prowadzić do problemów metabolicznych, takich jak insulinooporność. Ograniczenie snu zakłóca także produkcję hormonu wzrostu, co wpływa na regenerację tkanek oraz metabolizm glukozy. Melatonina, hormon regulujący cykl snu i czuwania, również jest upośledzona przez zbyt niską ilość snu i nieregularne pory, co może pogarszać jakość snu w dłuższym okresie - Effects of Sleep Deficiency on Hormones, Cytokines, and Metabolism” (2020) - SpringerLink

[entomoblog]

Découverte d’une fraude scientifique pour booster artificiellement l’impact des recherches

See on Scoop.it - EntomoScience

Pour mesurer l’impact d’un article scientifique, on peut compter combien d’autres papiers y font référence. Des chercheurs viennent de détecter une fraude aux citations.

  Publié: 14 juin 2024, 10:47 CEST

  Auteurs

Lonni Besançon

Assistant Professor in Data Visualization, Linköping University

Guillaume Cabanac

Professeur des universités, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse

  Contributeur

Thierry Viéville

  Sneaked references: Fabricated reference metadata distort citation counts - Besançon - Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 06.05.2024 https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24896

  [Image] References' long path from authors to bibliometric dashboards: after Editorial and Peer-Review assessment, metadata are registered to a DOI provider (here Crossref). Metadata are then retrieved by bibliometric platforms (The Lens, SpringerLink, Dimensions) that provide various services, such as a search engine and bibliometric dashboards for institutions. A sneaked reference from our analysis (see Figure 2) appears highlighted in red, the different actors involved are in blue square, and our data collection process is shown in light orange ellipses.

[molsons112000]

The liver and kidneys are two vital organs that work together to maintain homeostasis and metabolic regulation in the body. They communicate closely and perform many functions, including:

Excretion: The liver breaks down harmful substances and excretes the by-products into the bile or blood. Bile by-products leave the body in feces, while blood by-products are filtered by the kidneys and leave in urine. For example, the liver converts ammonia into urea, a less toxic substance that's released into the blood and then transported to the kidneys. Urea is the main waste product in urine and isn't reabsorbed by the kidneys.

Metabolism: The liver metabolizes glucose, protein, and lipids.

Homeostasis: The kidneys maintain homeostasis of water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. 



Johns Hopkins Medicine

Liver: Anatomy and Functions | Johns Hopkins Medicine

When the liver has broken down harmful substances, its by-products are excreted into the bile or blood. Bile by-products enter the intestine and leave the body in the form of feces. Blood by-products are filtered out by the kidneys, and leave the body in the form of urine.



SpringerLink

Physiological and Pathological Interactions Between Liver and Kidney | SpringerLink



News-Medical

Where are the Kidneys and Liver Located? - News-Medical

Breast Cancer. ×Top Health Categories. Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Breast Cancer. Sleep. Contact. 68. Currently rated 4.2 by 68 people. 31. Where are the Kidneys and Liver Located? Download PDF Copy. By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. The liver and the kidneys are some of the most essential and hardworking organs in the body. They carry out numerous functions such as excretion of waste, metabolism of many substances, hormonal regulation, and proper digestion, as well as proper coagulation. The location of the liver. The liver is the second largest organ in the body, weighing in at approximately 3 pounds.



ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

In brief: How does the liver work? - InformedHealth.org - NCBI Bookshelf

Feb 28, 2023 — The liver cells convert ammonia to a much less toxic substance called urea, which is released into the blood. Urea is then transported to the kidneys and passes out of the body in urine.



bbc.co.uk

Maintaining water balance in the body - OCR Gateway - BBC Bitesize - BBC

Urine contains water, urea and mineral ions. Urea is produced in the liver when excess amino acids. are broken down. Urea is the main waste product removed in the urine, as it is not reabsorbed in the kidney.



The liver and kidneys also work together through reflexes, such as the hepatorenal reflex, which helps regulate volume balance. 

In some pathological conditions, kidney-liver interactions can lead to renal-induced liver damage or liver-induced kidney diseases. These interactions can be caused by systemic conditions such as ischemia and reperfusion, cytokine release, metabolic acidosis, and oxidative stress. 

This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. Generative AI is experimental.

So if you're doing kidney surgery or liver surgery or you're removing both to get to something, then you need to put the person on dialysis. This way, you can remove any toxins buildup from the blood. Remember you put them to sleep. You don't want them to all of a sudden, not wake up. Because the anesthesia will build up in the blood. Why do you think people who do anesthesia have the highest rate of malpractice? They also have the highest cost of malpractice insurance. Because when they put people under, they might not wake up. And the reason for this is the build up in the circulatory system. If you're having difficulty reviving somebody sometimes it's good to filter the blood. So this is another way to save a life is to move the toxins out of the blood and add hemoglobin. So you would put them on a dialysis system. Removing toxins and then on the other side, putting in hemoglobin.

Liver dialysis is a treatment for liver failure that uses a machine to remove toxins from the blood and allow the liver and other organs to recover. The procedure involves:

Removing blood from the body through a vein in the arm

Treating and cleaning the blood to remove toxins

Returning the blood to the body 

Jefferson Health

Liver Dialysis | Jefferson Health

Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

Liver dialysis device proved safe and effective for treating severe liver failure | Royal Free London

Jun 1, 2023

The filtration process can last up to six hours, and one or two sessions may be enough to restart a damaged liver. Liver dialysis can also help control plasma urea and creatinine levels. 

Liver dialysis is considered a temporary solution to sustain patients until a liver transplant can be done. However, complications of dialysis are common, including hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intraperitoneal sepsis. A study found that dialysis is only worth attempting in patients where recovery of the underlying liver lesion is possible. 

Anesthesiologists can face lengthy and costly medical malpractice claims due to the high-risk nature of the specialty. Of the 53,000 anesthesiologists practicing in the country, 36% will be sued at least once in their careers.Feb 20, 2024

https://medpli.com › Specialties

Anesthesiologist Malpractice Insurance | Get a Quote - MEDPL

Anesthesiologists are considered to be in a high-risk specialty and can face costly medical malpractice claims. In 2020, anesthesiologists had an annual rate of 11.7 paid malpractice claims per 1,000 physicians-years, with 10% of those claims reaching over $1 million. However, improvements in operating room technology and education in recent decades have led to fewer anesthesia mishaps that result in critical events like death or coma. 



NCBI

Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Involving Anesthesiology ... - NCBI

Oct 1, 2020 — 3. Surgical specialties (ie, neurosurgery, orthopedics, plastic surgery) account for the largest rates of malpractice claims, ranging from 30 to 53.1 per 1000 physicians-years with neurosurgery accounting for the highest paid claims (13%) of over one million dollars. In contrast, anesthesiologists experience an annual rate of paid malpractice claims of 11.7 per 1000 physicians-years with a similar percentage of paid malpractice claims (10%) reaching over one million dollars. Malpractice claims can have even more profound consequences to medical trainees.



The anesthesia consultant

DO ANESTHESIOLOGISTS HAVE THE HIGHEST MALPRACTICE ...

How high are anesthesiologist malpractice rates? Do anesthesiologists have the highest malpractice insurance rates? In a word, “No.” Anesthesia mishaps can lead to critical events such as death or coma, but in recent decades improvements in operating room technology and education have led to fewer such events. Prior to 1985, anesthesia malpractice claims for death or brain death were most often due to lack of oxygen the patient's heart or brain. Two significant breakthroughs arrived in the 1980's to help anesthesiologists care for you: 1) the pulse oximeter, and 2) the end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor.



MEDPLI

Anesthesiologist Malpractice Insurance | Get a Quote - MEDPLI

Feb 20, 2024 — Home. Anesthesiologist Medical Malpractice Insurance. Anesthesiologists can face lengthy and costly medical malpractice claims due to the high-risk nature of the specialty. Of the 53,000 anesthesiologists practicing in the country, 36% will be sued at least once in their careers. An extensive medical malpractice insurance policy protects them from the significant costs of a claim. MEDPLI helps anesthesiologists find comprehensive malpractice coverage from an A-rated carrier and save up to 28% on premiums. Anesthesiologist Medical Malpractice Insurance Rates. Insurance premiums for anesthesiologists differ by city and state.



Medical Malpractice Insurance

Anesthesiologists Malpractice Insurance | Cunningham Group

Due to the high-risk nature of the specialty, anesthesiologists can face lengthy and costly medical malpractice claims. Anesthesiologists are responsible ...

The most common reasons for lawsuits against anesthesiologists are:

Complications from treatment and surgery: 48%

Abnormal injury of a patient: 27%

Wrongful death: 18% 

In contrast, physicians overall are most commonly sued for failure to diagnose or delayed diagnosis, which only accounts for 10% of lawsuits against anesthesiologists. 

Anesthesiologists also pay some of the highest malpractice premiums across all specialties. In 2022, nearly a quarter of anesthesiologists reported paying between $10,000 to $15,000 annually for malpractice insurance, and 17% said they paid between $15,000 to $20,000. 

See, this can be used by anesthesiologists to remove the toxins from the system if somebody is having trouble waking up from surgery.... Forty percent of them will be sued at least once. It is a high risk profession that I'd been trying to take out of the high risk category..... That way, when people go under, they know they're going to wake up....

The NxStage System One is the first and only truly portable hemodialysis system cleared for home use in the United States, including solo hemodialysis during waking hours, and nocturnal hemodialysis, while both the patient and care partner sleep.

https://www.nxstage.com › patients

System One Portable Hemodialysis Machine - NxStage

This is why you do liquid oxygen. You're not trying to inject air bubbles air into the bloodstream? You're trying to inject oxygen liquid oxygen...

Injecting oxygen into the circulatory system can be done in a few ways, including:

Microparticles

Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have developed tiny, gas-filled microparticles that can be injected into the bloodstream to quickly oxygenate the blood. The microparticles are made of a fatty molecule shell that surrounds a small pocket of oxygen. Once injected, the flexible coating passes the oxygen directly to red blood cells before the gas can form bubbles. In theory, this method could allow doctors to safely inject oxygen into patients who can't breathe through their nose or mouth, such as those with acute lung failure or an obstructed airway.

Intracoronary injection

Injecting arterial blood that's been supersaturated with oxygen into the heart can increase oxygen levels in an infarcted area. Some clinical studies have shown that this approach can significantly improve cardiac function after 30 days for patients with large damaged areas.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

In this procedure, blood is pumped outside of the body to a heart-lung machine that removes carbon dioxide and sends oxygen-filled blood back to the body's tissues. 

NCBI

An Injectable Oxygen Release System to Augment Cell ... - NCBI

Jan 22, 2018 — Intracoronary injection of arterial blood supersaturated with oxygen is also an approach to augment oxygen level in the infarcted

Australian Broadcasting Corporation

https://www.abc.net.au › 2013/07/02

Oxygen injections can save lives - Dr Karl

Jul 2, 2013 — Now while this magic oxygen-containing liquid works, it is not a perfect solution to the problem of a blocked airway. First, the .

Can we inject hemoglobin?

HB-IV Injection is used to regulate hemoglobin levels in the human body. It is usually given to patients who have iron deficient anemia or iron deficiency. The doctor may suggest using this medicine till the hemoglobin level becomes normal. Do consult your doctor to understand the usage of this medicine properly.Nov 29, 2023

https://www.1mg.com › drugs › hb-...

HB-IV Injection: View Uses, Side Effects, Price and Substitutes | 1mg

See, this is a way. Paramedics can get oxygen into the bloodstream. Where doing heart compressions with breath might not get enough oxygen into the system to save the person. So they can use this in combination with chest compressions. And they can still do breaths, but they should put up blood. Oxygen sensor on the finger to measure the oxygen in the blood.

What blood oxygen level do you need to survive?

A normal oxygen level for adults is 95 to 100%. “If oxygen levels are below 88%, that is a cause for concern,” said Christian Bime, MD, a critical care medicine specialist with a focus in pulmonology at Banner - University Medical Center Tucson.Oct 22, 2020

https://www.bannerhealth.com › blo...

What You Need to Know About Your Blood Oxygen Level

See, this has been the problem with saving people. Is they don't measure the blood? Oxygen levels. And they might not get to the right oxygen level to be able to revive somebody. So you have to supplement through injecting either an injection or a I. V intravenous. So this has been a big problem with saving people. Even infants is they don't measure these levels. And now you can do heart bypass. And many other systems are in place that you can save people.... Yes, you can even bypass the brain. And keep the organs going, so you can work on the brain to repair it. So not necessarily brain dead, only temporary brain death...

So even if they're drowned and the brain can't start up again, they're not dead. Just put him on the bypass system. Keep Em alive and then repair the area of the brain that is damaged. No matter how long they been drowned for you can repair the damaged brain.... So people are only temporarily in that situation? And then you'll have to do rehabilitation therapy to retrain that area of the brain, so I'll have to learn again, but it doesn't matter if they've been dead for an hour. They're truly not dead...

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.nih.gov › news-events

Molecule guides stem cells to damaged brain tissue

Dec 8, 2020 — Researchers altered a molecule that is naturally produced by the body to safely guide stem cells to damaged brain tissue.

Confirming deathDeath was said to occur when the heart stopped beating and a person was unresponsive and no longer breathing. The lack of oxygen as a result of no blood flow, quickly led to the permanent loss of brain stem function.Feb 5, 2024

https://www.nhsinform.scot › brain-...

Brain stem death - Illnesses & conditions - NHS inform

So now you keep them alive until you can repair the damage to the area or areas. So if somebody's blown to pieces yes, or you get a head shot. And that means the majority of the brain is spread out everywhere, but if you keep it into helmet, then they could possibly piece it all back together. Well, they keep the body alive. This is neural surgery, but yes, they can put the pieces back together as long as they're not sad and then they can regrow

Stanford Medicine

https://med.stanford.edu › news

Researchers invent way to purify developing human brain cells

Apr 18, 2023 — Researchers created a method of isolating and studying different human neural stem and progenitor cells. Transplanting these

I did like the Israeli commandos. They had a shield that covered the back of their body and covered the back of the helmet area. It was like a straight Bulletproof jacket. That was a rectangular shape that extended out behind the body. So it didn't impede movement, but was narrow, so it didn't get in the way of arm movement..... As I told you, this is why the German soldiers had better survival rates because the helmet was better covering the brain better..... We redesigned our helmet after the German helmet...

So little lead that ship. That's sunk with all those children Drowned in South Korea. They literally could have saved them all... Yes, now all they had to do is put them on life support and then went back in and repaired any brain damage...

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[jambjars]

Getting closer. I've officially got a logo for Xenon Aeronautics, which helps a great deal with visual weight. Got some feedback from friends that the diamond shape is the move, but some of these look a little too fashionable to be IVA (intravehicular activity) suits like an astronaut would wear.

Bonus fact: I found out that astronauts wear three different types of suits! There's IVAs, which are for inside a craft and therefore are the lightest of the suits. Then there's IEVAs which can be use both inside and outside and protect against space a bit more, and then EVAs for outside only for maximum space protection, which is what we think of when we think spacesuits. IVAs are still pressurized in case of emergency, but you couldn't wear them outside a craft.

Thomas, K.S., Mcmann, H.J. and Springerlink (Online Service (2012). U. S. Spacesuits. New York, Ny: Springer New York.

[cjdonahue]

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“Análisis Sing Street - in Between Days.” YouTube, 8 July 2019, youtu.be/dGzxqlsbKqQ?si=Jq-ZltT1OtfszIkM. 

Bešić, Nejra, and Margaret Kerr. “Punks, goths, and other eye‐catching peer crowds: Do they fulfill a function for shy youths?” Journal of Research on Adolescence, vol. 19, no. 1, 18 Feb. 2009, pp. 113–121, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00584.x.

Biggs, Chris, and Erik Amundsen. “In A Gothic Daze.” The Daily Campus, 1994, pp. 44–44.

Bogt, Tom ter, et al. “Goth Music and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study - Journal of Youth and Adolescence.” SpringerLink, Springer US, 6 July 2021, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10964-020-01294-y.

“Boys Don’t Cry.” YouTube, 19 May 2015, youtu.be/YSAqXEcgoZ4?si=73vp38jiCm62vhcC. 

Cosmo Films Unlimited. Sing Street Cast Cure Photo. 2016. https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/a34631/sing-street-movie/. Accessed 2024.

“Double Dare Ya.” YouTube, 4 Sept. 2018, youtu.be/71djaZpj5L4?si=zfYKY4lwpRFS3Umz. 

Runningofspace. PrayerTour89. 2009. Wikimedia Commons, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/PrayerTour89.jpg.

Rutledge, Carolyn M., et al. “Vulnerable goth teens: The role of schools in this psychosocial high‐risk culture.” Journal of School Health, vol. 78, no. 9, 6 Aug. 2008, pp. 459–464, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00331.x.