#REBELLION DEVELOPMENTS LTD.
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UK 1998
#UK1998#RED STORM ENTERTAINMENT#REBELLION DEVELOPMENTS LTD.#ACTION#STRATEGY#LICENSED#IBM#MACINTOSH#N64#PS1#TOM CLANCY'S RAINBOW SIX
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Okay so because this won’t leave my brain, have a weird, tentative, not-quite canonical in any sense timeline:
Bad end of Wolf 359. Pryce and Cutter get the Dear Listeners’ cloning technology and secure the way for humanity’s domination amongst the stars
In response, Goddard Futuristics pulls funding for Dr. John Geistman’s cryotechnology development. After all, who needs to worry about the future of humanity if you’ve guaranteed your corporate survival? Sure, you’ll bring a few of them along as “citizen-employees”, but there’s new markets to conquer among the stars! Forget the sad kiwi, it’s time to diversify services!
And then Dr. John Geistman goes and develops inexplicable necromantic abilities. Hm.
Pryce and Cutter try to have him arrested, secreted away to the states, but the man makes a flesh fortress out of cows, of all things! And then is recruited by the U.S. government to have the sitting president reanimated after the president’s “accident”!
But Pryce and Cutter have excellent PR people, and you can’t survive the cold recesses of space if you can’t adapt! It turns out their corporate “rivals” have the same idea: the weird necromancer can say what he wants about “saving the Earth”, but it turns out that no one really wants to listen after being reminded of what he did to those cows! And those policemen. And the cult he’s steadily amassing.
All told, it’s easier than it feels like it should be to escape the rapidly failing Earth with all of Goddard Futuristic’s vital employees, plus a few lucky relevant non-employee participants (Dr. Geistman has some cousins that Pryce is most interested in seeing if she can awaken any latent wizardry in, see if their children can inherit anything—Warren Kepler is her reluctant lab rat in this). Really, blasting off to space with all the other multitrillionaires is almost boringly simple!
Dr. John Geistman somehow killing the entire planet, ascending to godhood, and destroying every other planet in his way to stop them escaping in an act of spiteful vengeance is the only interesting part of the whole ordeal! And sure one of the twelve ships gets slightly damaged and can’t make it the whole journey.
But Pryce and Cutter have decades of experience in cheating death. This academic can’t even make them break a sweat.
(The unfortunate denizens of this twelfth vessel attempt to soldier on and create civilization anew on the planets they do reach. When the Empire of the Necrolord Prime, the renamed John Gaius, retaliates by killing these planets, they get a bit testy. The descendants of the survivors form the rebellion group the Blood of Eden.)
The eleven ships set up shop several hundred galaxies away. This becomes the Corporation Rim, which warns its inhabitants to not expand too far for fear of “alien” (really necromantic human) remnants.
Goddard Futuristics, with the help of the Dear Listeners’ cloning technology and Pryce’s advances in AI, rebrand as Stellar Firma Ltd. and begin making and selling planets. Pryce and Cutter remain the shadow-rulers behind the all-powerful Board.
Their business rivals on the other six ships set up their own corporations, beginning to set up colonies for mining and contractually -obligated labor. Some of those colonies get lost in the violent in-fighting between these lesser controlled companies which constantly devolve and are reborn anew. Those abandoned colonies form their own governments and societies opposed to those of the Corporation Rim. These are much more successful, and even propagate higher learning and better infrastructure.
In order to keep up with the competition over this new source of income and potential exploitation, the Corporation Rim kickstarts the development of Security Units within their companies, with inbuilt monitoring to data mine their new clients.
Pryce and Cutter meet an untimely end when they take a party barge to the Pleasure Moon of Quixotic, along with the rest of the Board and their families. Stellar Firma, deprived of the overlords that have guided its course since the twenty first century, is thrown into chaos.
I.M.O.G.E.N., Pryce’s magnum opus, becomes the supercomputer behind Stellar Firma’s operation in constant conflict with Internal Standards. She is in charge of using the Dear Listeners’ technology to combine DNA that’s proven to be receptive to the obedience protocol (Donors include R. Min., D. Jac., D. Eif., and A. Max.) to create clone assistants to design and sales consultants. One of these clones proves to be resistant to this gene. She decides to roll with it.
Years later, a Secunit that managed to hack its governor protocol follows a young human that an Asshole Research Transport AI feels very protective over into a coffee shop run by a clone and one of the most powerful administrative AIs to escape the Corporation Rim…
#wolf 359#w359#wolf 359 spoilers#the locked tomb#tlt#the locked tomb series#the locked tomb spoilers#stellar firma#sf#stellar firma spoilers#murderbot#the murderbot diaries#tmd#murderbot diaries#murderbot spoilers#miranda pryce#marcus cutter#sf imogen#john gaius#trexel geistman#secunit#jod#david 7#don’t come at me over timeline weirdness
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[FR] SNIPER ELITE 5 - Part 32 - Le réveil du Kraken 2/2 - DLC - Gameplay PC en ultra - 4K
SNIPER ELITE 5
Sniper Elite 5, le dernier volet de la franchise primée, offre une mécanique de tir, des combats tactiques à la troisième personne et une Kill Cam uniques en leur genre. Découvrez les cartes les plus immersives de la série grâce au système de traversée amélioré et parcourez une multitude de lieux réels reproduits avec une richesse de détails époustouflante. France, 1944. Dans le cadre d’une opération secrète des US Rangers visant à affaiblir les fortifications de la façade atlantique le long de la côte bretonne, le tireur d’élite Karl Fairburne collabore avec la résistance française. Ensemble, ils découvrent un projet nazi secret menaçant de mettre un terme à la guerre avant que les Alliés n’envahissent l’Europe : l’opération Kraken.
CAMPAGNE ÉTENDUE De nombreux lieux réels ont été capturés par photogrammétrie pour recréer un environnement vivant et immersif, avec une liste de cibles à éliminer et une multitude de points d’infiltration et d’extraction donnant plus de profondeur aux missions. Seul ou avec un partenaire, luttez contre le complot nazi avec une mécanique coopérative améliorée permettant de partager des munitions et des objets, de donner des ordres et de vous guérir l’un l’autre.
MÉCANIQUE DE TIR ET DE TRAVERSÉE AMÉLIORÉES Utilisez des tyroliennes, dévalez des pentes et parcourez furtivement les corniches pour trouver le point de vue parfait ou échapper à l’œil vigilant des sentinelles. Tenez compte de la crosse et du canon de votre arme en focalisant sur la cible, sans oublier différents facteurs tels que la gravité, le vent et votre rythme cardiaque.
PERSONNALISATION POUSSÉE Les ateliers permettent de personnaliser et d’améliorer chaque aspect de votre arme en changeant par exemple de lunette, de crosse, de canon ou de chargeur. Les fusils, les armes secondaires et les pistolets ont une multitude d’options disponibles, sans parler des munitions, qu’elles soient perforantes ou non létales, à choisir en fonction de la cible.
MODE INVASION : PRENEZ D’ASSAUT D’AUTRES CAMPAGNES EN PVP OU EN COOP Envahissez la campagne d’un autre joueur en tant que sniper de l’Axe et découvrez une nouvelle dimension de jeu en jouant au chat et à la souris avec votre proie. Inversement, lorsque vous jouez avec Karl, demandez à un deuxième sniper de vous prêter main forte en cas de difficulté.
MULTIJOUEUR COMPÉTITIF INTENSE Personnalisez votre personnage et votre équipement pour gagner des points de XP, des médailles et des décorations dans des combats compétitifs intenses à 16 joueurs qui mettront vos talents de tireur d’élite à l’épreuve. Si vous préférez le jeu coopératif, faites équipe avec jusqu’à 3 autres joueurs pour vaincre des vagues d’ennemis en mode Survie.
KILL CAM AMÉLIORÉE Plus réaliste et épouvantable que jamais, l’emblématique X-ray Kill Cam vous plonge au cœur de la puissance destructrice de vos tirs. Les os dévient les balles qui traversent aléatoirement les corps des ennemis. Les mitraillettes et les pistolets déclenchent également la Kill Cam avec la possibilité d’enchaîner plusieurs tirs au ralenti.
Développeur : Rebellion Developments Ltd Éditeur : Rebellion Developments Ltd
Sur PC - XBOX ONE - XBOX SERIES - PS4 - PS5 - SWITCH le 26 mai 2022.
PEGI 16
#youtube#SniperElite5#gameplay#SniperElite#RebellionDevelopments#soluce#solution#PC#Xbox#XboxOne#XboxSeries#PS4#PS4Pro#PS5#SWITCH#4K#60ips#60fps#VF#EDJV#ED_JV#ED_JV_#JeuxVideo#JeuVideo#game#gaming#VideoGames#xbox game pass
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I've been researching horses & riding for decades to be able to more accurately represent them in writing. Are my portrayals accurate? Not completely, and the main reason is that I do not own nor ride horses.
Have I ridden horses? Yes! Have I designed caparisoning for horses? Yes! (Caparison = the fancy flowy blankets that drape down a horse's side; barding = horse armor.) But I do not own nor ride any.
Still, just because I don't own a horse nor take care of one or ride one, etc, etc, doesn't mean I don't have a responsibilty to learn about them. I do! And if you are going to write about horses, so do you!
And honestly? I would love to see a story with a squire who loves their knight's horse, the horse loves the squire...and while the squire may admire the knight/they're the squire's mentor, blah blah blah, let the horse be indifferent or merely tolerant toward that knight!
Let your characters, even horses, have their own personalities.
One of the proudest character interactions I've ever written in my DestinyVerse is the fact that by the end of the series (very minor spoiler) Kelly still doesn't become besties with Amara by the last book. Do they respect each other? Yes! Do they work well together? Yes! Do they like each other? No! And that's 100% legit & okay!
If you want to be accurate about horses...listen to people who work with them a lot.
...Also, if you want to see a "rich guy with a good owner-horse relationship"...I suggest the Modern History TV channel on YouTube, aka (at) ModernKnight. Jason Kingsley (CBE) os the CEO of a video game company, Rebellion Developments, LTD. They've produced a number of famous games, including some in the Aliens VS Predators, Sniper Elite, and even a Judge Dredd game, as well as (surprisingly) some of the Judge Dredd comic books in recent decades. He received his knighthood for contributions to the nation's economy through this company...and he decided to take that knighthood rather seriously.
As a result, even more people know his face through his popular "how things were" videos regarding life in Medieval Europe/England. Self-produced, he's demonstrated clothing, armor, horseriding, food, what sort of places a medieval traveller would stay in, and more. And he frequently--frequently--posts pictures and occasional videos of him riding his horses!
He introduces the viewers to his horses, he explains about how one can ride through a semi-open forest, he talks about how horses were used and treated, explains the gear and has videos about being able to wield a sword while mounted, so on and so forth...and it is super-clear that he has a bond with his horses. (He has like 3-4, recently got a new one in the last year or so.) He even talks about sometimes not being able to ride a particular horse because that one is just not in the right mood, or condition. Some of them prefer dawn & dusk rides, some of them are okay in a light rain while others refuse, etc.
He does have stablehands helping him (keeping a horse is expensive, and he is a CEO so he does have to go into the office a lot), but he also spends a lot of time with his horses.
If this were that squire-and-knight-and-horse scenario...he would have been the squire that the horse trusted. Enough to let him ride as the knight.
I highly recommend the channel!
...Gotta be honest, my absolute favorite video of his is his ASMR one of just wearing some peasant clothes and pushing around a handcart that he himself made, so you hear his footsteps and the cart rattling and the wheels squeaking as he goes over different bits of terrain, wind occasionally blowing...
(Sometimes you just want to hear a squeaky handcart trundling along...and maybe you didn't even know you needed to hear it, until you did! I have it saved in my YT playlists to be able to evoke a certain mood when I'm writing certain scenes, along with others.)
The horseriding ones are neat, all of them are informative (even if it's just visual/auditory in the ASMR ones), he's done a great job showing what it's like to wear various garments, why they're practical in a lot of ways, what it's like to wear armor in freezing cold temperatures (yes, he even has his own plate armor, which he's been training some of his horses to tolerate), and he makes it really easy to learn about medieval daily life!
Read, watch, learn, have fun!
Above all, if you're going to write horses, learn. Because the experts will "have words" with you...so it's best to start learning in advance! Plus, your readers are going to assume you know what you're talking about...and that could get them into trouble if you don't portray it with at least some realism.
Remember, up until 100 years ago, horses were the most common method of non-walking land transportation. Not everyone in the 1920s could afford a motorcar, or a bicycle! Hell, there's still communities where the U.S. Mail is, to this very day, delivered on horseback / muleback, and I don't mean Plain Folks communities (Amish, Mennonites, etc). And there are still plenty of other places around the world where horses aren't a sign of luxury, but a necessity.
It's not anachronistic to learn about horses!
Horses: Since There Seems To Be A Knowledge Gap
I'm going to go ahead and preface this with: I comment pretty regularly on clips and photos featuring horses and horseback riding, often answering questions or providing explanations for how or why certain things are done. I was a stable hand and barrel racer growing up, and during my 11 year tenure on tumblr, Professional Horse Commentary is a very niche, yet very necessary, subject that needs filling. Here are some of the literary and creative gaps I've noticed in well meaning (and very good!) creators trying to portray horses and riding realistically that... well, most of you don't seem to even be aware of, because you wouldn't know unless you worked with horses directly!
Some Of The Most Common Horse + Riding Mistakes I See:
-Anybody can ride any horse if you hold on tight enough/have ridden once before.
Nope. No, no, no, no, aaaaaaaand, no. Horseback riding has, historically, been treated as a life skill taught from surprisingly young ages. It wasn't unusual in the pre-vehicular eras to start teaching children as young as 4 to begin to ride, because horses don't come with airbags, and every horse is different. For most adults, it can take months or years of regular lessons to learn to ride well in the saddle, and that's just riding; not working or practicing a sport.
Furthermore, horses often reject riders they don't know. Unless a horse has been trained like a teaching horse, which is taught to tolerate riders of all skill and experience levels, it will take extreme issue with having some random person try to climb on their back. Royalty, nobility, and the knighted classes are commonly associated with the "having a favorite special horse" trope, because it's true! Just like you can have a particularly special bond with a pet or service animal that verges on parental, the same can apply with horses. Happy horses love their owners/riders, and will straight-up do their best to murder anyone that tries to ride them without permission.
-Horses are stupid/have no personality.
There isn't a more dangerous assumption to make than assuming a horse is stupid. Every horse has a unique personality, with traits that can be consistent between breeds (again, like cat and dog breeds often have distinct behavior traits associated with them), but those traits manifest differently from animal to animal.
My mother had an Arabian horse, Zipper, that hated being kicked as a signal to gallop. One day, her mom and stepdad had a particularly unpleasant visitor; an older gentleman that insisted on riding Zipper, but refused to listen to my mother's warnings never to kick him. "Kicking" constitutes hitting the horse's side(s) with your heels, whether you have spurs on or not. Most horses only need a gentle squeeze to know what you want them to do.
Anyway, Zipper made eye-contact with my mom, asking for permission. He understood what she meant when she nodded at him. He proceeded to give this asshole of a rider road rash on the side of the paddock fence and sent him to the emergency room. He wouldn't have done it if he didn't have the permission from the rider he respected, and was intelligent enough to ask, "mind if I teach this guy a lesson?" with his eyes, and understand, "Go for it, buddy," from my mom in return.
-Riding bareback is possible to do if you hold onto the horse's mane really tight.
Riding a horse bareback (with no saddle, stirrups, or traditional harness around the horse's head) is unbelievably difficult to learn, particularly have testicles and value keeping them. Even professional riders and equestrians find ourselves relying on tack (the stuff you put on a horse to ride it) to stay stable on our horses, even if we've been riding that particular horse for years and have a very positive, trusting relationship.
Horses sweat like people do. The more they run, the more their hair saturates with sweat and makes staying seated on them slippery. Hell, an overworked horse can sweat so heavily that the saddle slips off its back. It's also essential to brush and bathe a horse before it's ridden in order to keep it healthier, so their hair is often quite slick from either being very clean or very damp. In order to ride like that, you have to develop the ability to synchronize your entire body's rhythm's with the rhythm of the horse's body beneath you, and quite literally move as one. Without stirrups, most people can't do it, and some people can never master bareback riding no matter how many years they spend trying to learn.
-You can be distracted and make casual conversation while a horse is standing untethered in the middle of a barn or field.
At every barn I've ever worked at, it's been standard practice with every single horse, regardless of age or temperament, to secure their heads while they're being tacked up or tacked down. The secures for doing this are simple ropes with clips that are designed to attach to the horse's halter (the headwear for a horse that isn't being ridden; they have no bit that goes in the horse's mouth, and no reins for a rider to hold) on metal O rings on either side of the horse's head. This is not distressing to the horse, because we give them plenty of slack to turn their heads and look around comfortably.
The problem with trying to tack up an unrestrained horse while chatting with fellow stable hands or riders is that horses know when you're distracted! And they often try to get away with stuff when they know you're not looking! In a barn, a horse often knows where the food is stored, and will often try to tiptoe off to sneak into the feed room.
Horses that get into the feed room are often at a high risk of dying. While extremely intelligent, they don't have the ability to throw up, and they don't have the ability to tell that their stomach is full and should stop eating. Allowing a horse into a feed/grain room WILL allow it to eat itself to death.
Other common woes stable hands and riders deal with when trying to handle a horse with an unrestrained head is getting bitten! Horses express affection between members of their own herd, and those they consider friends and family, through nibbling and surprisingly rough biting. It's not called "horseplay" for nothing, because during my years working with horses out in the pasture, it wasn't uncommon at all for me to find individuals with bloody bite marks on their withers (that high part on the middle of the back of their shoulders most people instinctively reach for when they try to get up), and on their backsides. I've been love-bitten by horses before, and while flattering, they hurt like hell on fleshy human skin.
So, for the safety of the horse, and everybody else, always make a show of somehow controlling the animal's head when hands-on and on the ground with them.
-Big Horse = War Horse
Startlingly, the opposite is usually the case! Draft and carriage horses, like Percherons and Friesians, were never meant to be used in warfare. Draft horses are usually bred to be extremely even-tempered, hard to spook, and trustworthy around small children and animals. Historically, they're the tractors of the farm if you could afford to upgrade from oxen, and were never built to be fast or agile in a battlefield situation.
More importantly, just because a horse is imposing and huge doesn't make it a good candidate for carrying heavy weights. A real thing that I had to be part of enforcing when I worked at a teaching ranch was a weight limit. Yeah, it felt shitty to tell people they couldn't ride because we didn't have any horses strong enough to carry them due to their weight, but it's a matter of the animal's safety. A big/tall/chonky horse is more likely to be built to pull heavy loads, but not carry them flat on their spines. Horses' muscular power is predominantly in their ability to run and pull things, and too heavy a rider can literally break a horse's spine and force us to euthanize it.
Some of the best war horses out there are from the "hot blood" family. Hot blooded horses are often from dry, hot, arid climates, are very small and slight (such as Arabian horses), and are notoriously fickle and flighty. They're also a lot more likely to paw/bite/kick when spooked, and have even sometimes been historically trained to fight alongside their rider if their rider is dismounted in combat; kicking and rearing to keep other soldiers at a distance.
-Any horse can be ridden if it likes you enough.
Just like it can take a lifetime to learn to ride easily, it can take a lifetime of training for a horse to comfortably take to being ridden or taking part in a job, like pulling a carriage. Much like service animals, horses are typically trained from extremely young ages to be reared into the job that's given to them, and an adult horse with no experience carrying a rider is going to be just as scared as a rider who's never actually ridden a horse.
Just as well, the process of tacking up a horse isn't always the most comfortable experience for the horse. To keep the saddle centered on the horse's back when moving at rough or fast paces, it's essential to tighten the belly strap (cinch) of the saddle as tightly as possible around the horse's belly. For the horse, it's like wearing a tight corset, chafes, and even leaves indents in their skin afterward that they love having rinsed with water and scratched. Some horses will learn to inflate their bellies while you're tightening the cinch so you can't get it as tight as it needs to be, and then exhale when they think you're done tightening it.
When you're working with a horse wearing a bridle, especially one with a bit, it can be a shocking sensory experience to a horse that's never used a bit before. While they lack a set of teeth naturally, so the bit doesn't actually hurt them, imagine having a metal rod shoved in your mouth horizontally! Unless you understand why it's important for the person you care about not dying, you'd be pretty pissed about having to keep it in there!
-Horseback riding isn't exercise.
If you're not using every muscle in your body to ride with, you're not doing it right.
Riding requires every ounce of muscle control you have in your entire body - although this doesn't mean it wasn't realistic for people with fat bodies to stay their weight while also being avid riders; it doesn't mean the muscles aren't there. To stay on the horse, you need to learn how it feels when it moves at different gaits (walk, trot, canter, gallop), how to instruct it to switch leads (dominant legs; essential for precise turning and ease of communication between you and the horse), and not falling off. While good riders look like they're barely moving at all, that's only because they're good riders. They know how to move so seamlessly with the horse, feeling their movements like their own, that they can compensate with their legs and waists to not bounce out of the saddle altogether or slide off to one side. I guarantee if you ride a horse longer than 30 minutes for the first time, your legs alone will barely work and feel like rubber.
-Horses aren't affectionate.
Horses are extraordinarily affectionate toward the right people. As prey animals, they're usually wary of people they don't know, or have only recently met. They also - again, like service animals - have a "work mode" and a "casual mode" depending upon what they're doing at the time. Horses will give kisses like puppies, wiggle their upper lips on your hair/arms to groom you, lean into neck-hugs, and even cuddle in their pasture or stall if it's time to nap and you join them by leaning against their sides. If they see you coming up from afar and are excited to see you, they'll whinny and squeal while galloping to meet you at the gate. They'll deliberately swat you with their tails to tease you, and will often follow you around the pasture if they're allowed to regardless of what you're up to.
-Riding crops are cruel.
Only cruel people use riding crops to hurt their horses. Spurs? I personally object to, because any horse that knows you well doesn't need something sharp jabbing them in the side for emphasis when you're trying to tell them where you want them to go. Crops? Are genuinely harmless tools used for signalling a horse.
I mean, think about it. Why would crops be inherently cruel instruments if you need to trust a horse not to be afraid of you and throw you off when you're riding it?
Crops are best used just to lightly tap on the left or right flank of the horse, and aren't universally used with all forms of riding. You'll mainly see crops used with English riding, and they're just tools for communicating with the horse without needing to speak.
-There's only one way to ride a horse.
Not. At. All. At most teaching ranches, you'll get two options: Western, or English, because they tend to be the most popular for shows and also the most common to find equipment for. English riding uses a thinner, smaller saddle, narrower stirrups, and much thinner bridles. I, personally, didn't like English style riding because I never felt very stable in such a thin saddle with such small stirrups, and didn't start learning until my mid teens. English style riding tends to focus more on your posture and deportment in the saddle, and your ability to show off your stability and apparent immovability on the horse. It was generally just a bit too stiff and formal for me.
Western style riding utilizes heavier bridles, bigger saddles (with the iconic horn on the front), and broader stirrups. Like its name may suggest, Western riding is more about figuring out how to be steady in the saddle while going fast and being mobile with your upper body. Western style riding is generally the style preferred for working-type shows, such as horseback archery, gunning, barrel racing, and even rodeo riding.
-Wealthy horse owners have no relationship with their horses.
This is loosely untrue, but I've seen cases where it is. Basically, horses need to feel like they're working for someone that matters to them in order to behave well with a rider and not get impatient or bored. While it's common for people to board horses at off-property ranches (boarding ranches) for cost and space purposes, it's been historically the truth that having help is usually necessary with horses at some point. What matters is who spends the most time with the animal treating it like a living being, rather than a mode of transport or a tool. There's no harm in stable hands handling the daily upkeep; hay bales and water buckets are heavy, and we're there to profit off the labor you don't want or have the time to do. You get up early to go to work; we get up early to look after your horses. Good owners/boarders visit often and spend as much of their spare time as they can with spending quality work and playtime with their horses. Otherwise, the horses look to the stable hands for emotional support and care.
So, maybe you're writing a knight that doesn't really care much for looking after his horse, but his squire is really dedicated to keeping up with it? There's a better chance of the horse having a more affectionate relationship with the squire thanks to the time the squire spends on looking after it, while the horse is more likely to tolerate the knight that owns it as being a source of discipline if it misbehaves. That doesn't mean the knight is its favorite person. When it comes to horses, their love must be earned, and you can only earn it by spending time with them hands-on.
-Horses can graze anywhere without concern.
This is a mistake that results in a lot of premature deaths! A big part of the cost of owning a horse - even before you buy one - is having the property that will be its pasture assessed for poisonous plants, and having those plants removed from being within the animal's reach. This is an essential part of farm upkeep every year, because horses really can't tell what's toxic and what isn't. One of the reasons it's essential to secure a horse when you aren't riding it is to ensure it only has a very limited range to graze on, and it's your responsibility as the owner/rider to know how to identify dangerous plants and keep your horses away from them.
There's probably more. AMA in my askbox if you have any questions, but that's all for now. Happy writing.
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The Regtech Revolution: Navigating the Seas of Compliance with Wit and Tech
The Regtech Rollercoaster: A Wild Ride from $8.38 Billion to $60.77 Billion
The Regtech market, valued at a whopping $8.38 billion in 2021, is on a mission to grow to an eye-watering $60.77 billion by 2030. Now, if you’re wondering why this industry is booming, blame it on the rise of electronic payments and the dazzling dance of digital transfer platforms. The more money moves across borders, the more complex the regulatory dance becomes.
Breaking Down the Market Like a Champ (Without the Unveiling Drama)
Let’s slice and dice this market like a pro without using fancy AI terms. The largest segment here is “Risk and Compliance Management,” claiming its throne at a cool $833.6 million. With a growth rate of 24.9% CAGR, it seems like Regtech is not just a tech trend but a force to be reckoned with.
Applications that Would Make Sherlock Holmes Proud
Now, let’s talk applications. Picture this: Anti-money laundering (AML) and Fraud Management, Regulatory Intelligence, Risk and Compliance Management, Regulatory Reporting, and Identity Management. It’s like Sherlock Holmes got a tech upgrade, and he’s solving financial crimes with a side of regulatory finesse.
A Symphony of Regions: North America Takes the Lead (No Dancing Involved)
North America, with its love for all things digital, is set to steal the show in the Regtech orchestra. However, keep an eye on Asia Pacific, as it’s gearing up for a performance that might just steal the spotlight. Governments in countries like China and India are tightening regulations, making the demand for Regtech solutions skyrocket.
Regtech Dynamics: Where Tech Meets Governance with a Dash of Rebellion
Now, let’s talk about the driving forces and the speed bumps. The integration of emerging technologies like blockchain and AI is pushing this market to new heights. But, and there’s always a but, stringent regulations are playing the spoilsport. It’s like having the coolest party ever, but you can’t let loose because there’s a rulebook staring you down.
For More Information: https://www.skyquestt.com/report/regtech-market
Meet the Titans: PwC, NICE Actimize, and a Whole Lot of Regtech Avengers
In this tech-powered saga, the Avengers go by the names of PwC, NICE Actimize, Accuity, IBM, and others. These heroes are making strides, ensuring that financial institutions and businesses have the tools they need to battle financial crimes and comply with regulations.
Recent Developments: Because Regtech Also Knows How to Make Headlines
In May 2023, the Australian government threw $5 million into the Regtech ring. It’s like the government saying, “Here, take this, and let’s make regulatory compliance cool.” Meanwhile, Clausematch Inc. partnered up with Várri Consultancy in the Middle East, proving that Regtech is not just a Western affair.
The Bottom Line: Regtech — More than Just a Tech Buzzword
As we wrap up our journey through the Regtech universe, one thing is clear — Regtech is not just a buzzword; it’s a superhero in the realm of financial regulations. So, the next time someone mentions Regtech, don’t roll your eyes; instead, give a nod to the unsung hero fighting financial crimes and keeping the regulatory ship afloat. And remember, in the world of finance and regulations, Regtech is the cool cat with a cape, ensuring the good guys win in the end.
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SkyQuest Technology Group is a Global Market Intelligence, Innovation Management & Commercialization organization that connects innovation to new markets, networks & collaborators for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
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888.) Aliens Versus Predator
Release: May 13th, 1999 | GGF: Action, Stealth, Survival Horror, FPS, Atmospheric | Developer(s): Rebellion Developments Ltd. | Publisher(s): Fox Interactive, Inc., Interplay Entertainment Corp | Platform(s): Windows (1999)
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Book Review: A Great and Glorious Adventure
A Great and Glorious Adventure: A Military History of the Hundred Years War, written by Gordon Corrigan, was published by Atlantic Books Ltd. in 2013. This book sets forth an account of the events of the Hundred Years War from a military perspective, focusing on the military actions that shaped the course of the war. After a brief introduction, the book is divided into ten chapters.
The first chapter contextualizes the beginning of the war. Here, Corrigan lays the groundwork for the war, and outlines its causes. Much of this chapter is spent tracing the events of history which allowed King Edward III to press his claim on the French throne and wage a war that would last for over one-hundred years. The second chapter focuses on the beginning of the war, paying particular attention to the difficulties and distractions Edward faced prior to his invasion. Examining the financial difficulties Edward faced early in the war, this chapter traces the English King’s movements across Northern France and his forays into the Low Countries, up to the Papal induced truce in 1341.
The third chapter strays away from the author’s chronological account of events, and instead focuses on the professionalization of the English military. The first segment of this chapter concentrates on the nature of knighthood and the semi-professional military men who made up the “knightly class.” The focus then shifts to technological advancements such as stirrups, and places a particularly large emphasis on the development of the English longbow. This then ties into a discussion on tactics, and the shift in English military doctrine away from the heavy cavalry prevalent across Europe to a more infantry-centric model.
Chapter four returns the reader to the chronology of events, focusing on the infamous Crécy campaign. Edward’s route from his landing in Normandy to the siege of Caen is traced in detail, while the siege itself receives a lengthy treatment. Edward’s march towards Paris is then examined, with the chapter ending with another detailed account of the battle of Crécy on August 26, 1346.
Chapter five continues precisely where chapter four left off. As the English regroup after the battle, the fallout within the ranks of the French nobility is described. In just a few short days, the English chevauchée began again. The siege of Calais and its annexation to the English crown which followed are also treated in great detail, as are the Scots’ invasion of England and the battle of Neville’s Cross which caused it to fail. A final account of the great calamity which brought the Crécy campaign to a close is given: the arrival of the Black Death.
Chapter six briefly examines the years following in the wake of the Black Death, years which saw little major military action as both powers recovered from the tremendous loss of life, but which still hosted small-scale use of the chevauchée by the Black Prince from the English holdings in Aquitaine. The Black Prince himself is given much attention in this chapter, with the author going so far as to dedicate a few pages to a brief biography of the man. The events leading up to and following the battle of Poitiers are then accounted in great detail, as is the battle itself. The capture of King Jean II of France and the ensuing chaos which occurred in his absence are also given space here.
Chapter seven briefly covers the Treaty of Brétigny and the English and French receptions. Corrigan goes into greater detail regarding the Brittany War of Succession, which this author, along with many others, considers a sort of Anglo-French proxy war, as well as the War of Navarrese Succession, another “proxy” war. General French advances retaking territory which had been won by the English are then detailed.
The deposition of King Richard II by Henry IV begins the eight chapter. Much attention is given to the rebellions the new King faced in the early years of his reign, in particular the Welsh rebellions in which his son would be famously wounded. The Battle of Shrewsbury, the culmination of the Percy rebellion, is treated in great detail. The chapter concludes with a brief description of the civil war plaguing France at the time, the death of Henry IV and ascension of Henry V, and some of the issues the new King had to face in the early days of his reign.
The most famous of all medieval English military ventures is detailed in chapter nine: the Agincourt Campaign. From the preparations in England, following the English army’s trail through Calais and to the final battlefield at Agincourt, the author details the campaign in immense detail. The account of the battle itself consumes the majority of the chapter, which concludes with Henry’s victorious retreat back to Calais. Chapter ten traces the remainder of Henry’s campaigns in France, as well as the Treaty of Troyes, which named Henry heir apparent to the throne of France. Henry’s death, and the subsequent forty years of the war, are then summarized in the span of but a few pages.
A brief epilogue closes the book, which is followed by a list of endnotes rather than footnotes. The bibliography is also given, a very brief list of scholarly works all in the English language. Finally, an index is included.
Throughout this work, the author’s English bias is readily evident. Seven chapters are dedicated to the successful first campaigns of the war, with a full chapter each dedicated to the great English victories at Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt. Conversely, the French victories are discussed only in passing. The entire final section of the war, the great push by the French which permanently dislodged the English from mainland Europe with the sole exception of the city of Calais, does not even merit a full chapter, instead being relegated to the final few pages of the book. Combined with the author’s lack of any sort of primary source bibliography, and complete reliance on English language scholarship, this book is of little use to any scholar of history, or even any avid enthusiast. This book does not represent history, but rather the quasi-nationalist pop history clearly espoused by the author, and should find itself only on the shelves of those interested in a purely Anglo-centric telling of the events of the Hundred Years War.
#review#book review#a great and glorious adventure#hundred years war#medieval#middle ages#art#history
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Banditry in the Ottoman Empire
[Article found on LevantineHeritage.com. Although it comes with citations, I didn’t see an author name.]
n.b. The Zeybeks were a group of irregular militia and/or outlaw bandits, from the 17th to the early 20th century. The legendary outlaws Çakırcalı Mehmet Efe and Atçalı Kel Mehmet, proper Robin Hood figures in Anatolia, were both Zeybeks.
1. General
Banditry in the Ottoman Empire resulted from changes in the state’s military and fiscal organisation and the Empire’s integration into the world economy starting in the XVIth century. The bandit groups consisted of current mercenaries, ancient soldiers, nomads and peasants in a continuously redefined area of state-subject relationship. [1]
In the Ottoman Empire’s classical period, the timar-holding (military fief) sipahi (cavalry soldiers) formed the backbone of the Ottoman army and most of the military expenses were met by way of timar assignments, that is, through the collection of state taxes by the sipahi from timar assigned to them in the provinces. During the XVIth century, each military campaign caused the growth of the number of troops in the growing territorial scope. As a result, the State Treasury was frequently in need of a ready cash for the military's upkeep, especially in time of war. Therefore, the government was faced with the major task of reorganizing state finances to meet the challenging needs of changing times. [2]
2. Banditry in the 16th century
The major changes that had taken place beginning with the 1580s were brought about mainly by the decay of the timar and has (state’s domain), held earlier by beys, pashas (paşa), and other officials, came, at a swiftly growing rate, under the direct control of the State Treasury. Once under government control, most of the timar and has revenues were farmed out by iltizam; that is, the state, instead of assigning the revenues of sancaks to pashas or beys as has, farmed them out as mukata’a (tax farm) to mültezims [n.b. the highest bidders] or to governors who acted as mültezims. [3]
The treasury also tried to reduce expenditure on armed forces stationed in the provinces and more governors were expected to provide and pay for their own military retinues. Sekban sarıca (Anatolian mercenaries) or levend (vagrant peasant) troops began to be maintained by the local governors as part of their retinues. Therefore, a sizable number of armed bands roamed the Anatolian countryside in search of employment. Moreover, in order to survive they exacted illegal taxes called salgun from the peasants in spite of the government's attempt to secure its tax base and thus protect the peasants. [4]
In this context, the mercenaries who became vagrant during peace and the peasants exploited by increased arbitrary tax burdens started to engage in banditry activity in the Ottoman countryside. The famous Celali rebellions [5] emerged in this context as threat to the central authority. At the end of the XVIth century certain leaders of mercenary troops were able to traverse all of Anatolia, and set siege to major fortified towns. Nevertheless, Celali leaders whose main pretext for rebellion was the need to feed their mercenaries could be integrated into the system by the government; when they were given public office, the need of rebellion disappeared. [6]
3. Banditry in the 19th century
Another period in which the state military and fiscal organisation underwent transformation resulting in banditry was the XIXth century. The destruction of the Janissary troops in 1826 and Mahmut II’s consequent efforts to create a general conscription system led to the increase of banditry activity in the Empire. The former Janissaries continued their career as bandits and the subjects who faced for the first time the direct control of the central state began to desert and join the bandit groups. Especially after the Ottoman-Russian War of 1828-1829, the soldiers who could return to their homelands in search of employment often became bandits. Moreover, the conquest of Algeria by France in the 1830s caused the unemployment of young people who were sent regularly to Algeria from İzmir. They found refuge with the bandits active in the hinterland of İzmir. [7]
Robbers Attack Train in Ottoman Turkey, 1891
The fiscal transformation brought about by the tanzimat period also led to further development of banditry in the Ottoman provinces. The peasants who faced the new taxation structure and the notables who lost their ancient privileges resisted the military and fiscal centralisation attempts of the Tanzimat governments. [8] During 1840s and 1850s the government could not even collect the taxes imposed of the Aydın-İzmir region. [9]
Banditry intensified especially in the second half of the XIXth century. Particularly in the hinterland of İzmir around Ödemiş, Çine, Bayındır, Milas, Tire, and Nazilli, it was the bandits who were the actual masters of the region. The government, which could not prevent banditry and was in need of soldiers, forgave the bandits in return that they join to the army that would fight in the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878. The bandits accepted the offer; nevertheless, after the war they continued their usual activities in the region. [10]
4. Kidnappings
The integration of the Ottoman lands into the world economy also agitated the Ottoman subjects in the countryside. Foreigners, due to their increased numbers and extensive economic activity in this period, became a target for bandits, especially in the less well-policed countryside. The usual method was to kidnap persons and release them in exchange for a ransom. Between 1880 and 1902, a large proportion of these kidnappings, eight out of twenty-one, occurred in the Province of Aydın, the majority of these in or near İzmir [11].
5. Brigand gangs and leaders
Banditry had perhaps never been absent in rural western Anatolia. Brigands known as zeybek and pallikaria (in Greek: brave young men) were very active in the second half of the XIXth and in the begining of the XXth century. The most notorious Turkish bandit-leaders of the time were Çakırcalı Ahmed, killed in December 1883, and Çakırcalı Mehmed, who reportedly acted as a sort of Robin Hood, robbing the rich while distributing the booty among the poor. The government, unable to suppress his activities, tried to pacify him and his gang by offering a fixed annual income (in 1905) and later (in 1908) a “neutral zone” near Muğla, containing a çiftlik and including a monthly salary of TL 20. In October 1909, he was reported arrested near Ödemiş. This certainly was not true; he finally died in a surprise attack by government troops in the mountains near Milas in 1911. Hacı Mustafa, Mehmed’s cousin, succeeded him as gang-leader.
“Captain” Gheorghios, “Captain” Dhimos (both in the surroundings of Bornova and Buca), Kara Ali, Arnavut Ahmed, Arnavut Kazım, Tekeoğlu, Costa, and Çerkes Sami were also active in the region. The Dutch consul had the impression that these and other gangs of brigands had divided the whole province of Aydın among themselves, although conflicts between them sometimes must have led to bloodshed. In the period shortly before the Young-Turkish “revolution” (in July, 1908), acts of banditry seem to have increased because of bad harvests due to drought and the increased tax burden: the Dutch consul in İzmir reported on the plundering of wagons loaded with grain in Aleppo, and on customs stores robbed for the same reason in Beirut in November 1907. [12]
[Source]
List of Kidnappings
Locations of kidnappings in southwestern Anatolia, 1885-1911
Fritz Charnaud was kidnapped on September 21, 1885, at Salihli (“Saladin, 60 miles from Smyrna”); he was released on ransom of TL 1500 (TL 18 000 had at first been demanded). Three of the gang were killed and a fourth mortally wounded.
Messrs. R.C.H. and W.J. Wilkin and O. Whittal were kidnapped on September 24, 1887, near İzmir; one captive was released to negotiate; the ransom finally agreed upon was TL 800 (the demanded sum had been TL 3000); O.Whittal eventually died of privation during his captivity.
M. Waligorski, French entrepreneur of the İzmir-Kasaba railway, was captured by a gang of five men (three Montenegrines and two Bosnians, former workers of the railway company) in August 1896 not far from Alaşehir, probably as an act of personal revenge; he was released within 24 hours, against a ransom of TL 4000 paid by the company.
Captain Marriott was kidnapped at Köyceğiz on October 25, 1896; although the brigands demanded a ransom of TL 15 000, the local authorities paid TL 120 and granted a “free pardon” to the culprits.
James Whittal was captured on November 19, 1898, between İzmir and Burnova; he was released against a ransom of TL 500.
Messrs. Alphons Mille and Menoti were kidnapped by a gang of five brigands at a distance of 12 km from İzmir on January 4, 1901; they were released on January 7, against a ransom of TL 1000 (original demand: TL 5000); the culprits were arrested after some days; most of the money was recovered.
The abduction of a German called Richter, who was captured by a band of robbers, took place at the foot of Mount Olympus (meant is probably by Nif Dağ, present Kemalpaşa Dağı, east of İzmir) in about 1910. The ransom was paid by friends and the owners of the factory of optical instruments for which he worked.
Despite being accompanied by a guard at the time of his kidnapping, a Belgian, Lucien Tak, farmer at Çıplak near Tire, was kidnapped while en route to Tire by a brigand called Gülükçe. The ransom demanded was TL 5000, but the victim had no relatives and little money. He was released with the payment of TL 2700, brought together by the local Belgian community: TL 100 from the Belgian poor relief fund (armenkas) and the rest consisting of loans that would ruin him.
On june 3, 1914, finally the ethnic Greek (but Ottoman subject) Yanni Sokianos, employed in “Abbott’s Emery Mines Ltd.” was captured at Aziziye (three hours by railway from İzmir) by Turkish brigands and released for a ransom of TL 350 (originally TL 3000 had been demanded, but the firm had refused to pay).
Baron van Heemstra, owner of tobacco-plantations in Malkacıl and Oğlananası (one hour by train from İzmir plus one hour’s drive), was attacked by five armed men returning from Malkacık. He was held hostage at the Nymph Dağ (Nif Dağı); the kidnappers demanded a ransom of TL 10.000. The ransom was paid and Baron was released on May 23. A member of the band, Hadgi Vassili, was denounced to the authorities in Akhisar. The gang-leader Andrea (Captain Andrea) was overmastered, and Costa, another member, was arrested two days later. The rest escaped to Papazlı. In November 1911, Athanase Tromara, a member of the Andrea gang who had escaped from the Bodrum prison to Athens, sent a menacing letter to the Baron in which he demanded that he restore to him his valuables confiscated by the Turkish authorities or TL 65.
Notes
1. Uluçay, Ç., 18 ve 19. Yüzyillarda Saruhan'da Eşkiyalık ve Halk Hareketleri (İstanbul 1955).
2. İnalcık, H., “Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire 1600-1700”, Archivum Ottomanicum, vol 4(1980), p. 312.
3. Ibid., p. 330.
4. İnalcık, H., “Centralisation and Decentralisation in Ottoman Administration” in: Thomas Naff and Roger Owen (eds), Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History, (Southern Illinois University Press 1977).
5. Akdağ M., Celali İsyanları, (Ankara 1963), Akdağ M., Türkiye'nin İktisadî ve İçtimiaî Tarihi. vol 2, 1453-1559 (Ankara 1971).
6. Barkey, K., Bandits and Bureaucrats: the Ottoman Route to State Centralisation (New York 1994).
7. In 1829, the "romantic" bandit of the Aydın region Atçalı Kel Mehmet appeared as a threat to the local government. While he was a poor peasant, the fact that he could not marry with the landlord’s girl he liked made him the Robin Hood of the region. Even the people of Tire, Bayındır and Ödemiş acknowledged his authority in the region; therefore he declared himself as the vali (provincial governor). After a series of unsuccessful attempts, the government forces could capture him by means of collaboration of the local notables. Uluçay, Ç., Atçalı Kel Mehmet (İstanbul 1968).
8. Uzun, A., Tanzimat ve Sosyal Direnişler, (İstanbul 2002); İnalcık, H., “Application of the Tanzimat and Its Social Effects”, Archivum Ottomanicum, vol. 5(1973), 97-127; İnalcık, H., Tanzimat ve Bulgar Meselesi, (İstanbul 1992).
9. One of the most important bandits of the mid of XIXth century was Katırcıyani. In the 1850s his gang engaged in numerous activities: they kidnapped traders, landlords and peasants in exchange for ransom, and attacked caravans and post offices. He had a large network of anchorage and many helpers: innkeepers, grocers and keepers of coffee shops. He also collaborated with foreign merchants and some local governors. Yetkin, S., Ege’de Eşkiyalar, (İstanbul 1996), pp. 55-60.
10. Ibid, pp. 49-62.
11. Schmidt, J., “Banditry and the Dutch Colony in the Vilayet of Aydın” in Through The Legatıon Wındow 1876-1926, four essays on Dutch, Dutch-Indian and Ottoman History (Istanbul 1992), pp. 2-6.
12. Ibid., pp.10-13.
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CONTENTS
Questions for people in the world For everlasting friendship between Korea and Japan
CONTENTS
Introduction
Question 1: Beginning of Korea
1.1. Prehistoric time
1.1.1. Emergence of archaic humans
1.1.2. Emergence of contemporary humans
1.1.3. Beginning of farming
1.2. Gojoseon period
1.2.1. Dangun Joseon
1.2.2. Gija Joseon
1.2.3. Wiman Joseon
1.3. Annexation of Korea by the Han Dynasty
1.4. Beginning of the era of the Three Kingdoms
1.4.1. Proto–Three Kingdoms period
1.4.2. Appearance of Goguryeo
1.4.3. Samhan and king of Jin
1.5. East Asia depicted in Account of Encounter with East Barbarians
1.5.1. Buyeo
1.5.2. Goguryeo
1.5.3. East Okjeo
1.5.4. Yilou
1.5.5. Ye
1.5.6. Han
1.6. Founding myths of the Three Kingdoms of Korea
1.6.1. Founding myth of Silla
1.6.2. Founding myth of Goguryeo
1.6.3. Founding myth of Baekje
1.7. Origins of Korean people seen through DNA analysis
1.8. Summary on the beginning of Korea
Question 2: Foundation and fall of the unified Silla 2.1. Era of the Three Kingdoms of Korea
2.1.1. Goguryeo
2.1.2. Baekje
2.1.3. Silla
2.1.4. Gaya confederacy
2.1.5. Tribes of the Korean Peninsula
2.2. Unification of the Korean Peninsula by Silla
2.2.1. Military conquest by Silla
2.2.2. Why was Baekje defeated by Silla?
2.2.3. Elimination of Tang by Silla
2.3. Development and decline of Silla
2.3.1. Ruling system and development of Silla
2.3.2. Decline of Silla and the Later Three Kingdoms period
2.3.3. Why did Silla fall?
2.3.4. Gyeongsun of Silla
2.4. Summary on the foundation and fall of the unified Silla
Question 3: Foundation and fall of Goryeo
3.1. Foundation of the Later Three Kingdoms
3.2. Unification of the Korean Peninsula by Goryeo
3.3. Administration system of Goryeo
3.3.1. Existence of slaves
3.3.2. Imperial Examination System
3.3.3. Decadence of Buddhism
3.3.4. The tribes of Goryeo and the Korean race
3.3.5. Significance of the foundation of Goryeo
3.4. Foundation of the military regime
3.4.1. Formation of the ruling class by well-connected officials
3.4.2. Myocheong Rebellion
3.4.3. Birth of the military regime
3.4.4. Popular rebellions
3.5. Rule of Korea by the Mongols
3.5.1. Invasions and rule by the Mongols
3.5.2. Adoption of world cultures
3.6. Fall of Goryeo
3.6.1. Elimination of pro-Yuan forces
3.6.2. Achievement by Yi Seong-gye
3.6.3. Causes of the fall of Goryeo
3.7. Summary on the foundation and fall of Goryeo
Question 4: Foundation and administration of the Joseon Dynasty
4.1. Foundation of the Joseon Dynasty
4.1.1. Beginning of the Joseon Dynasty
4.1.2. Is “serving the Great” an attitude of submission?
4.1.3. Strife of the princes
4.1.4. Construction of the royal capital
4.2. System of governance of the Joseon Dynasty
4.2.1. Governing structure
4.2.2. Establishment of the Hangul alphabet
4.2.3. Compilation of the Grand Code for State Administration
4.2.4. Class system
4.3. Summary on the foundation and administration of the Joseon Dynasty
Question 5: Conditions in the middle part of the Joseon era
5.1. About Neo-Confucianism
5.2. Hungu and Sarim factions
5.3. Struggles for power inside the royal court
5.4. Split of the Sarim faction
5.5. Factional disputes
5.6. Invasion of Korea by Hideyoshi
5.7. Mentality of “respecting the Ming and rejecting the Qing” and the Sojunghwa ideology
5.8. Summary on the middle period of the Joseon Dynasty
Question 6: Conditions in the last years of the Joseon era
6.1. Famine among farmers and exploitation by officials
6.2. Bald mountains
6.3. Situation of urban areas in such cities as Busan and Seoul
6.4. Roads, railways and ports in Korea
6.5. Korean way of working
6.6. Kings of Korea
6.7. Gwageo and the Yangbans
6.8. Class system
6.9. Courts and torture
6.10. Science, industry and commerce in the final years of the Joseon era
6.11. Oppression of Christianity and moves by Western countries
6.12. Defense system
6.13. Summary of the last years of the Joseon era
Question 7: Modernization of Korea and its obstruction
7.1. Beginning of the rule by Daewongun
7.1.1 Relationship with France
7.1.2 Battle with the U.S. Armed Forces
7.2. Conclusion of the Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity (Treaty of Ganghwa Island)
7.3. Moves toward the modernization of Korea
7.4. Development of the Yuejungchugsa movement
7.5. Uprising of soldiers and act of treachery by Queen Min
7.6. The Gapsin Coup
7.7. Situation following the Gapsin Coup
7.7.1. Reinforcement of Qing’s interference in the internal politics of Korea
7.7.2. Moves by various countries
7.7.3. Conclusion of the Treaty of Tianjin
7.7.4. Corruption of the Min Administration
7.8. Donghak Peasant Movement
7.9. Sino-Japanese War and the Second Donghak Peasant Movement
7.10. Promotion of Korea’s modernization
7.11. Hair-cropping Edict and Kim Hong-jip Administration
7.12. Russia’s expansion in Korea
7.13. Independence Association
7.14. Establishment of the Korean Empire
7.15. Summary on the modernization of Korea and the moves against it
Question 8: About the shift of Korea
8.1. The population growth rate of Korea jumped by around 15 times
8.2. No more people starved to death
8.3. Four billion trees were planted on bald mountains of Korea
8.4. Seoul was drastically modernized
8.5. Haircutting became popular on a voluntary basis
8.6. Road network covered all over Korea
8.7. The cruel whipping penalty was abolished
8.8. Sewage facilities were built
8.9. Class discrimination ended
8.10. Widespread illegal exploitation disappeared
8.11. Post, telegraph and telephone services were established
8.12. Sanitary conditions improved thanks to the development of water supply
8.13. Agricultural production increased significantly
8.14. Improved medical and sanitary environment
8.15. Sericulture greatly developed
8.16. Educational institutions developed to the same level as in Japan
8.17. Prisons were expanded and prisoner education was conducted
8.18. No more fear of being attacked by bandits
8.19. The fishery industry also developed dramatically
8.20. Electricity became available to many households
8.21. The financial system was well developed, paving the way for the modernization of the state
8.22. The railway network was built across the Korean Peninsula, making transportation convenient
8.23. The changing of names was allowed for six months only on a voluntarily basis
8.24. The rise of industry and the birth of business owners
8.25. Koreans and Japanese were equals
8.26. Summary of the evolution of Korea
Question 9: Korea’s situation after Japan’s withdrawal
9.1. Japan’s unconditional surrender and the status of Korea
9.2. Tangible assets that Japan left behind in Korea
9.3. Intangible assets with Japanese influences
9.4. The treaty concluded between Japan and South Korea
9.4.1. Establishment of the Republic of Korea
9.4.2. “Treaty on Japan-South Korea Basic Relations”
9.4.3. “Agreement on Claims and Economic Cooperation with South Korea”
9.5. ODA from Japan to South Korea
9.6. The comfort women and wartime laborers
9.6.1. Wartime laborers
9.6.2. The comfort women
9.7. South Korean enterprises and Japan’s influence
9.7.1. The Samsung Group and Japan’s influence
7.2. Relationship between Pohang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. (POSCO) and Japan
9.8. The reality under Japanese rule experienced by the Koreans
9.9. Apology statements made by Japan to South Korea
9.9.1. Apology statements of Emperors of Japan
9.9.2. Apology statements of Japanese Prime Ministers
9.9.3. Apology statements of Japanese ministers and chief
9.10. Summary - After Japan’s withdrawal from Korea
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The Impact of Dystopian Novels on Gen Z
In the following post, I will be discussing the digital revolution as well as YA novels, namely the dystopian type from the late 2000’s to the early 2010’s, and the various impacts they have had on Generation Z. I will focus mainly on the effects of fandom culture as well as the adoption of culture and characteristics of fictional realities, and the emergence of the dystopian female lead trope.
Following the digital revolution, access to information and discussion platforms (such as Tumblr) became rampant. Fandoms hence became one of the dominant modes of engagement online. People across the globe could now find a community of people who share the same interests on the same platform, hence creating common ground for like-minded people to relate. That being said, fan culture existed way before the arrival of the internet, but I will be specifically referencing the post-internet understanding of fandoms as that is what I can relate to. The arrival of the internet led to a new level of globalization of fandom culture. (Janya Sindhu, 2019) These communities were based off popular culture such as tv shows, books, films, music, and more. I will be discussing the impacts of The Huger Games series and the Divergent series.
Both novels are set in dystopian, futuristic realities where the general population has been divided into separate classes. In the Hunger Games, we are introduced to the concept of “districts”, running from 1-12, where each district is in charge of a specific industry. This is a fascinating depiction of classism as it clearly demonstrates the disparity between amount of work and the level of compensation received depending on which district you were born in. Katniss Everdeen, the protagonist, was born into the 12th, the poorest district, which focuses on coal. (Henthorne, T., 2012)
On the other hand, the Divergent series is separated into factions. There are five factions, Erudite (the intelligent), Amity (the peaceful), Candor (the honest), Abnegation (the selfless) and Dauntless (the brave). In the divergent universe, people are born into a faction, and on their sixteenth birthday, they can choose which faction they wish to switch to. From then on, they have to forget who they once were (including their families) and adopt the traits of their new persona.
The reason I am explaining these fictional social systems is that following the arrival of social media platforms, people began relating and adopting certain aspects of these novels. People could now order the signature mocking jay pin worn by Katniss Everdeen as a symbol of revolution, or perhaps her bow and arrow, As for Divergent, online quizzes could tell you what your true faction was depending on your personality. What was once a figment of one’s imagination, generated by a script could now feel and seem as real as ever. You could now literally immerse yourself in these universes with some kind of physical “proof”. (Janya Sindhu, 2019)
One of the first instances of this happening was following the Harry Potter boom, where the different Houses and their given specific personality traits created an obsession amongst fans to see where they fit in. People began adopting these traits and labeling themselves accordingly. Obsession could hence be legitimized and encouraged. The development of a new kind of fan known as a stan where someone revolves their entire like and personality around a specific cultural idol can be observed here. The internet, where personality quizzes, discussion platforms, immediate and intimate access to celebrities through Instagram and more injected fandom and stan culture with an extra strength dose of false legitimacy. Even if the algorithm that creates these life altering claims off of 12 seemingly random questions is completely random, the obsession some people have with inserting themselves in their beloved fictional universe will legitimize nearly anything.
Moreover, Gen Z has grown up reading these dystopian novels and idolizing their female protagonists. Katniss and Tris (the protagonist from the Divergent series) heavily impacted me growing up. It was once of the first instances that I can remember where the lead female was not depicted as the damsel in distress, but as the hero. On multiple occasions, both Katniss and Tris were both the brains and the muscle behind successful operations aiming to either overthrow their corrupt governments or save their male love interests. (Balkind, 2014) Unfortunately, both of these novels only depicted hetero-normative relationships. That being said young girls everywhere began idolizing these characters as it finally gave us a positive depiction of woman in sci fi where their looks and sexuality were not the main focus. Women began wearing their hair in a single French braid pushed to the side because “that’s how Katniss wears hers”. I was absolutely one of those girls. There is a certain empowerment that comes with mimicking one’s heroine, especially at such a young age. In the Divergent series, Tris joins the Dauntless faction where she breaks down gender stereotypes by becoming one of the most lethal members of the faction. (Wiyani, et al., 2017) Katniss is a really interesting character as she demonstrates typically male characteristics (such as being removed, thinking with her head and confidence) all the while maintaining her compassionate side which is shown to her loved ones. The female dystopian lead trope is one of my favourites as, more often than not, these women clearly struggle with trying to find balance with where and how they fit in with society as so many women do. They are absolutely not perfect and often make biased choices and mistakes but that is what I believe makes them so relatable. (Nelson, C., 2014)
To conclude, in my opinion, Generation Z is becoming one of the most outspoken and influential generations yet. With access to information at the tip of our fingers and platforms such as TikTok, twitter, Instagram, etc., our voices and opinions can be shared effortlessly. Growing up with rebellious and headstrong icons such as Tris and Katniss have given young women a chance to see how powerful one person’s voice can be when utilized properly. In the context of fandom and stan culture, the impact of the digital revolution is incomparable.
References:
2015. What Divergent faction are you?. [image] Available at: <https://www.playbuzz.com/ralflet210/what-divergent-faction-are-you> [Accessed 2 May 2021]. Henthorne, T., 2012. Approaching The Hunger Games trilogy: A literary and cultural analysis. McFarland. https://br.pinterest.com/saradomonkoov/ - Image taken from Pinterest Wiyani, N.P., Sili, S. and Valiantien, N.M., 2017. The Psychoanalytical Study on The Characteristics and Causes of Adolescent Deviant Behavior Found in Divergent Novel by Veronica Roth. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya, 1(2). Janya Sindhu, 2019, Medium Journal, How the Internet has made Fandom Culture Powerful. [online] Available at: <https://medium.com/swlh/how-the-internet-has-made-fandom-culture-powerful-7609ae60e4bf> [Accessed 2 May 2021]. Reid, S. and Stringer, S., 1997. Ethical dilemmas in teaching problem novels: The psychological impact of troubling YA literature on adolescent readers in the classroom. Balkind, N 2014, Fan Phenomena : The Hunger Games, Intellect Books Ltd, Bristol. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 May 2021]. Nelson, C., 2014. Female rebellion in young adult dystopian fiction. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
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[FR] SNIPER ELITE 5 - Part 31 - Le réveil du Kraken 1/2 - DLC - Gameplay PC en ultra - 4K
SNIPER ELITE 5
Sniper Elite 5, le dernier volet de la franchise primée, offre une mécanique de tir, des combats tactiques à la troisième personne et une Kill Cam uniques en leur genre. Découvrez les cartes les plus immersives de la série grâce au système de traversée amélioré et parcourez une multitude de lieux réels reproduits avec une richesse de détails époustouflante. France, 1944. Dans le cadre d’une opération secrète des US Rangers visant à affaiblir les fortifications de la façade atlantique le long de la côte bretonne, le tireur d’élite Karl Fairburne collabore avec la résistance française. Ensemble, ils découvrent un projet nazi secret menaçant de mettre un terme à la guerre avant que les Alliés n’envahissent l’Europe : l’opération Kraken.
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Sniper Elite V2 Remastered Is Now Available For Xbox One And Windows 10 (Xbox Play Anywhere)
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Developer: Rebellion Developments Ltd
Publisher: Rebellion Developments Ltd Website: Sniper Elite V2 Twitter: @Rebellion / @SniperElite
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Star wars age of rebellion pdf
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The Force Awakens Beginner Game is set during the current era depicted in the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015), with the adventure provided taking place just before the events of the movie. Like Edge of the Empire, Star Wars: Force and Destiny (2015) is set shortly after the destruction of the first Death Star and the death of Obi-Wan Kenobi, when the force sensitives and Jedi slowly start to re-emerge in hopes of rebuilding the Jedi Order. Star Wars: Age of Rebellion (2014) is set around the time of The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and allows players to join the Rebellion. Star Wars: Edge of the Empire (2013) is set shortly after the destruction of the first Death Star, and deals with characters on the fringes of galactic space. The first three installments of the Star Wars Roleplaying Game are set within the time period of the original Star Wars trilogy.
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1,223.) Evil Genius
Release: September 28th, 2004 | GGF: God Game, Real-Time Strategy, Sandbox, Management, City Builder | Developer(s): Elixir Studios | Publisher(s): Sierra Entertainment, Inc., Rebellion Developments Ltd. | Platform(s): Windows (2004), OnLive (2011), Macintosh (2013)
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DYNASTY WARRIORS 9 Empires First Hour Of Gameplay
Check out the early stages of the Yellow Turban Rebellion campaign in our latest Dynasty Warriors 9 Empires gameplay video.
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