#Midbrain Activation

[mindtech01]

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[mindtechindia]

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Midbrain Activation

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Hi! Could make some writing notes regarding what happens to the human body when making out? Like the temperature increase and dopamine release, stuff like that? Or maybe just how the body reacts when you're nearby/interact to/with a loved one. I hope you're doing well! I love your posts!

Writing Notes: The Physiology of Love

Love can be distilled into 3 categories: lust, attraction, and attachment.

Though there are overlaps and subtleties to each, each type is characterized by its own set of hormones:

Testosterone and estrogen - drive lust

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin - create attraction

Oxytocin and vasopressin - mediate attachment

When we are falling in love, chemicals associated with the reward circuit flood our brain, produce a variety of physical and emotional responses:

Racing hearts

Sweaty palms

Flushed cheeks

Feelings of passion

Anxiety

Two decades of research shows that when it comes to early-stage intense romantic love—the kind we often think of when we talk about being lovestruck—a very primitive part of the brain’s reward system, located in the midbrain, is activated first.

Some Physiological Reactions to a Kiss

Pulse and blood pressure increase

Pupils dilate

Breathing deepens

Rational thought retreats, as desire suppresses both prudence and self-consciousness

Lust

Driven by the desire for sexual gratification.

The evolutionary basis for this stems from our need to reproduce, a need shared among all living things.

The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role in this, stimulating the production of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen from the testes and ovaries. While these chemicals are often stereotyped as being “male” and “female,” respectively, both play a role in men and women.

As it turns out, testosterone increases libido in just about everyone. The effects are less pronounced with estrogen, but some women report being more sexually motivated around the time they ovulate, when estrogen levels are highest.

Lust and attraction shut off the prefrontal cortex (includes rational behavior).

Attraction

Dopamine

Produced by the hypothalamus, is a particularly well-publicized player in the brain’s reward pathway – it’s released when we do things that feel good to us:

E.g., Spending time with loved ones and having sex.

High levels of dopamine and a related hormone, norepinephrine, are released during attraction. These chemicals make us:

giddy,

energetic, and

euphoric, even leading to decreased appetite and insomnia – which means you actually can be so “in love” that you can’t eat and can’t sleep.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenalin, may sound familiar because it plays a large role in the fight or flight response, which kicks into high gear when we’re stressed and keeps us alert:

Released more often at the beginning of a couple's relationship when many unknowns are present, putting the brain in a ‘proceed with caution’ mode.

Early in a relationship, there is heightened adrenalin, which causes feelings like butterflies in the stomach and a faster heart rate. There is also reduced activity in the parts of the brain that help us to make judgements, which is why you may be 'blinded' to another person’s faults in early love or infatuation,

Brain scans of people in love have actually shown that the primary “reward” centers of the brain, including the ventral tegmental area and the caudate nucleus, fire like crazy when people are shown a photo of someone they are intensely attracted to, compared to when they are shown someone they feel neutral towards (like an old high school acquaintance).

Attraction seems to lead to a reduction in serotonin:

It is a hormone that’s known to be involved in appetite and mood.

Interestingly, people who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder also have low levels of serotonin, leading scientists to speculate that this is what underlies the overpowering infatuation that characterizes the beginning stages of love.

This explains why people in the early stages of love can become obsessed with small details, spending hours debating about a text to or from their beloved.

Attachment

The predominant factor in long-term relationships.

While lust and attraction are pretty much exclusive to romantic entanglements, attachment mediates friendships, parent-infant bonding, social cordiality, and many other intimacies as well.

The two primary hormones here appear to be oxytocin and vasopressin.

Oxytocin

Often nicknamed “cuddle hormone” or “hormone of love”.

Produced by the hypothalamus.

Released in large quantities during sex, breastfeeding, and childbirth.

This may seem like a very strange assortment of activities – not all of which are necessarily enjoyable – but the common factor here is that all of these events are precursors to bonding.

It also makes it pretty clear why having separate areas for attachment, lust, and attraction is important: we are attached to our immediate family, but those other emotions have no business there (and let’s just say people who have muddled this up don’t have the best track record).

The Brain During a Kiss

The brain goes into overdrive during the all-important kiss.

It dedicates a disproportionate amount of space to the sensation of the lips in comparison to much larger body parts.

During a kiss, this lip sensitivity causes our brain to create a chemical cocktail that can give us a natural high.

This cocktail is made up of three chemicals, all designed to make us feel good and crave more: dopamine, oxytocin, and serotonin.

Like any cocktail, this one has an array of side-effects.

The combination of these three chemicals work by lighting up the 'pleasure centres' in our brain.

The dopamine released during a kiss can stimulate the same area of the brain activated by heroin and cocaine. As a result, we experience feelings of euphoria and addictive behaviour.

Oxytocin fosters feelings of affection and attachment. This is the same hormone that is released during childbirth and breastfeeding.

Finally, the levels of serotonin present in the brain whilst kissing look a lot like those of someone with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

No wonder the memory of a good kiss can stay with us for years.

Love happens less in the heart and more in the brain, where hormonal releases and brain chemicals are triggered.

Dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin are some of the key neurotransmitters that help you feel pleasure and satisfaction.

So, your body often approaches love as a cycle.

It feels good to be with that person, so your brain says, "Do that again."

Sources: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ⚜ Notes & References ⚜ Love ⚜ Kinds of Love

Thanks so much for your kind words. Hope you're doing well yourself! Would love to read your writing if these notes inspire you.

[awkward-tension-art]

Puppet on a String Chp.1 (Fives x Reader)

As promised! Fives x reader! This one is gonna be more angst, so heads-up. This takes place pretty much directly after Darkness on Umbara, anyway, enjoy!

Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Chapter 8. Chapter 9. Chapter 10. Chapter 11. Epilogue

Mesh'la

CW: Fives x Reader, Reader is a medical practitioner, mentions of Umbara Arc, mentions of Pong Krell, Crying, Grief, details of severe injuries, Fives crying is his own warning, Hospital setting, medical talk, angst, swearing, brief interaction of 501st doctor

Minors DNI!

I found an anomaly.

That was the holo-message your friend and colleague sent you with no context. The network of medical personnel in the GAR would often get vague messages from the 501st field surgeon. At this point, you were used to that medic sending incomprehensible half sentences and unexplained data. 

Nonsense was standard with the 501st soldiers. Their doctor was no different.

You’d know. You were in a relationship with an ARC trooper that originated in the 501st. 

Oh Fives…

His own messages were concerning. Apparently Umbara was a disaster. One of the Jedi Generals had turned out to be a traitor, killing so many of the 501st they lost one third of their numbers.

You weren’t in the army, so you didn’t work with the Jedi very much. You were a medical practitioner assisting a neurologist in the Grand Republic Medical Facility. Since the war began you tried to shift your focus to tend to wounded military personnel, but your time was limited due to your other obligation. 

You were on the Ethics Committee that often bounced between Kamino and Coruscant. It was established shortly after the war began, and the clones became known to the Jedi. General Shaak Ti had established the committee, hand selecting doctors, nurses and scientists to make sure clone testing was safe and ethical.

Your supervisor was chosen and she had opted for you to represent her. Something you thanked her for some days, and hated her for other days.

Your thoughts were interrupted, the 501st doctor sent another message. This one was the context you were looking for. 

Used Umbaran scanner. Found something strange in every clone's brain.

What?

How could an Umbaran scanner find something nothing at the GRMF had seen before? 

Attached to the message were scans. Images of clone heads, giving an internal view of the neural activity. You had to admit, that scanner was thorough. You could see the different levels of neurotransmitters. Levels of sleep. Levels of stress. Even going so far to tell neuro-response time.

It was fascinating. Despite being clones, all of them had different reads. They were all unique, with their own different personalities and individuality. 

One of the scans, Hardcase, had an overactive prefrontal cortex. Must be a hyperactive clone.

Another one, Jesse, had activation in the midbrain and nucleus accumbens. He must have been focusing on something when the scan was taken.

Curiously, one scan, Dogma, had readings of heightened anxiety.

However, despite these differences, there was one repeating feature. 

ANOMALY: right orbital floor, parietal and temporal intersection

It looked like a tumor of some type. Or a lesion. Was it a clone thing?

There was a scan of Fives and you checked his status. He too had that unknown abnormality. 

Questions ran through your mind. What was this? Was this benign? Did this have the potential to cause problems later? Was this tied to the clones' genetic data?

You continued to stare at the holo-message and scans. Another one popped up, this one from the director of the medical facility, followed by an announcement.

Code Green. External Triage. 501st. 212th. 7th Sky.

That's…a lot more than normal. Those were the battalions returning from Umbara. Taking that planet must’ve been chaotic, more so than what Fives had told you. 

You drank the last of your caf and stood from your desk. 

You had work to do.

Your steps through the metal, sterile halls were quick as you met several of your fellow doctors on the landing pad. Already ships were dropping off the injured that survived Umbara.

“Fly solo.” Your supervisor nodded as she handed you a datapad with patient information. Without another word, she rushed out to the ships as they unloaded patients.

With a breath, you focused. 

Designation: CT-9821 “Rusty”

Assignment: 501st Legion

Information: Scans indicated broken ribs and full body burns.

You typed quickly, getting Rusty handled as swiftly as you could. Luckily, the GRMF had a system in place. Once you typed a command, the medical droids would follow through with the treatment.

Treatment: Stabilize ribs, treat burns with bacta tank. Will reassess after 12 hours.

You looked up, seeing the 501st field surgeon on top of another soldier being carried on a stretcher. Their hands were on the trooper's chest, bleeding profusely. The doctor looked at you, “He ripped out his own sutures!” 

“On it!” You nodded, getting to the hover stretcher and leading them inside and to a trauma room to properly suture, disinfect and deal with the wound. You needed to get the bleeding under control, that was priority. Once you began, you looked to the 501st doctor again, “You did your job and you did it well. Wash your hands and get some caf.”

The purpose of the medics and field surgeons in the army was to keep the men alive until they could get more surgical and intensive care such as on their venator ship. But with high numbers after every battle, especially now, those medical bays could only do so much. 

Which is when you and the medical facility would be the final destination. The priority was to save the lives that managed to hold on that long with such limited care. From there, once they were under proper life saving measures, everyone else would be cared for with better medical supplies. Wounds treated on the field would be double checked, infections would be treated, and bandages would be changed.

The doctor shook their head, heading back out to help their men. Someone else in the GRMF would grab them and force them to sit down. As you didn’t miss their bandaged and braced arm.

Damn workaholic, you thought, though, truthfully, you’d probably be the same if you were in their shoes. You might even be worse off, since you didn’t have the mental strength to be on the field like them.

No, you always struggled if you lost a patient. Having someone die under your care always left a permanent scar.

Once the clone was under the effects of painkillers and sedatives, you gave the suture work to one of the medical droids. You had other patients, and frankly, the droids could be more precise in their stitches.

You got back out, and checked another soldier.

Designation: ARF-5798 “Ink”

Assignment: 501st Legion

Information: Burst fracture of T7 through T11, broken left femur, shattered right ilium

By all the gods in the galaxy, what the hell happened on Umbara?!

Treatment: Intensive care ASAP, immediate surgery to correct spinal cord, pain management, will assess nerve damage when stabilized

With 3 battalions, all injured to some degree, the medical facility was on the verge of being overwhelmed.

Your focus went razor sharp. All you knew now were the injured who needed help. You weren’t a soldier but this was your battlefield.

It was hours later when the hospital gave the announcement.

Code Clear. Resume normal duties.

The medical facility gave a heavy sigh in relief. You looked at the datapad in your hands as you walked through the hall, so far, none of the records have been updated with deaths. Either everyone critical managed to pull through, or no one had filled in the data yet…

You hoped for the former. 

“Mesh’la…” You whirled around at the sound of a trembling voice, nearly dropping your datapad. 

Fives was standing in the hallway, helmet off and looking so…so broken. 

He had always been an emotional trooper, and he didn’t hide it. Something you adored about him. And right now, he was on the verge of a breakdown. 

You looked around quickly before getting to his side and grabbing his hand. Wordlessly, you took him into one of the medical facility supply rooms and locked the door. 

“Oh Fives…” you held his face in your hands, looking into his tear filled eyes, “It’s alright now, Fives…” 

He shook his head, letting his tears fall, “so many of us…gone…” 

Immediately you wrapped your arms around him, shushing him softly. 

Fives’ armored hands gripped the back of your lab coat tightly as he sobbed. You shifted, resting his head against your shoulder to let him cry out his emotions. You swayed slightly in hopes to calm him. Your lover was in a fragile state, and he needed someone to help him out of it….

“Fives…” You murmured his name softly, “You’re safe now, ok?”

“N-no…Hardcase…My plan had-” He choked out, falling into more weeping. Your lover was incomprehensible. 

Hardcase…a trooper most likely. A friend that he hasn’t mentioned?

“Fives…?” 

“He nearly executed me!” He jerked back, holding your arms. His tan cheeks were marked with heavy tears, and his eyes were bloodshot, “Krell betrayed us and he was the one who ordered me and Jesse to be executed!”

The horror was clear on your face, “Fives…” You held his face again, using his thumbs to wipe away his tears, “What happened on Umbara? Talk to me, breathe and talk to me…”  He stared at you and, through his tears, told you everything.

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 44, 2024

The role of the human hippocampus in decision-making under uncertainty. Attaallah, B., Petitet, P., Zambellas, R., Toniolo, S., Maio, M. R., Ganse-Dumrath, A., … Husain, M. (2024). Nature Human Behaviour, 8(7), 1366–1382.

Modeling hippocampal spatial cells in rodents navigating in 3D environments. Aziz, A., Patil, B. K., Lakshmikanth, K., Sreeharsha, P. S. S., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Chakravarthy, V. S. (2024). Scientific Reports, 14, 16714.

Anterior cingulate cortex provides the neural substrates for feedback-driven iteration of decision and value representation. Chen, W., Liang, J., Wu, Q., & Han, Y. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 6020.

Firing rate adaptation affords place cell theta sweeps, phase precession, and procession. Chu, T., Ji, Z., Zuo, J., Mi, Y., Zhang, W., Huang, T., … Wu, S. (2024). eLife, 12, e87055.4.

Non-Hebbian plasticity transforms transient experiences into lasting memories. Faress, I., Khalil, V., Hou, W.-H., Moreno, A., Andersen, N., Fonseca, R., … Nabavi, S. (2024). eLife, 12, e91421.3.

Gaze-centered gating, reactivation, and reevaluation of economic value in orbitofrontal cortex. Ferro, D., Cash-Padgett, T., Wang, M. Z., Hayden, B. Y., & Moreno-Bote, R. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 6163.

Modulation of alpha oscillations by attention is predicted by hemispheric asymmetry of subcortical regions. Ghafari, T., Mazzetti, C., Garner, K., Gutteling, T., & Jensen, O. (2024). eLife, 12, e91650.3.

Contributions of cortical neuron firing patterns, synaptic connectivity, and plasticity to task performance. Insanally, M. N., Albanna, B. F., Toth, J., DePasquale, B., Fadaei, S. S., Gupta, T., … Froemke, R. C. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 6023.

Consequences of eye movements for spatial selectivity. Intoy, J., Li, Y. H., Bowers, N. R., Victor, J. D., Poletti, M., & Rucci, M. (2024). Current Biology, 34(14), 3265-3272.e4.

Prediction error determines how memories are organized in the brain. Kennedy, N. G., Lee, J. C., Killcross, S., Westbrook, R. F., & Holmes, N. M. (2024). eLife, 13, e95849.3.

Neural Representation of Valenced and Generic Probability and Uncertainty. Kim, J.-C., Hellrung, L., Grueschow, M., Nebe, S., Nagy, Z., & Tobler, P. N. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(30), e0195242024.

Selective consolidation of learning and memory via recall-gated plasticity. Lindsey, J. W., & Litwin-Kumar, A. (2024). eLife, 12, e90793.3.

A synergistic workspace for human consciousness revealed by Integrated Information Decomposition. Luppi, A. I., Mediano, P. A., Rosas, F. E., Allanson, J., Pickard, J., Carhart-Harris, R. L., … Stamatakis, E. A. (2024). eLife, 12, e88173.4.

Memorability shapes perceived time (and vice versa). Ma, A. C., Cameron, A. D., & Wiener, M. (2024). Nature Human Behaviour, 8(7), 1296–1308.

Mixed Representations of Sound and Action in the Auditory Midbrain. Quass, G. L., Rogalla, M. M., Ford, A. N., & Apostolides, P. F. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(30), e1831232024.

Neural activity ramps in frontal cortex signal extended motivation during learning. Regalado, J. M., Corredera Asensio, A., Haunold, T., Toader, A. C., Li, Y. R., Neal, L. A., & Rajasethupathy, P. (2024). eLife, 13, e93983.3.

Using synchronized brain rhythms to bias memory-guided decisions. Stout, J. J., George, A. E., Kim, S., Hallock, H. L., & Griffin, A. L. (2024). eLife, 12, e92033.3.

Cortical plasticity is associated with blood–brain barrier modulation. Swissa, E., Monsonego, U., Yang, L. T., Schori, L., Kamintsky, L., Mirloo, S., … Friedman, A. (2024). eLife, 12, e89611.4.

Structural and sequential regularities modulate phrase-rate neural tracking. Zhao, J., Martin, A. E., & Coopmans, C. W. (2024). Scientific Reports, 14, 16603.

An allocentric human odometer for perceiving distances on the ground plane. Zhou, L., Wei, W., Ooi, T. L., & He, Z. J. (2024). eLife, 12, e88095.3.

[brainanalyse]

Function of Brain Stem

Introduction 

The brain stem, often referred to as the “gateway to the brain,” is a vital component of the central nervous system responsible for regulating essential bodily functions and facilitating communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Comprising the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, this intricate structure plays a crucial role in sustaining life and maintaining homeostasis.

1. Regulation of Basic Life Functions

At the core of its function, the brain stem governs fundamental physiological processes necessary for survival, including heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure regulation. The medulla oblongata, situated at the base of the brain stem, serves as a control center for autonomic functions, such as breathing rate and heart rhythm, by monitoring sensory input and orchestrating appropriate responses.

2. Conduction Pathway for Sensory and Motor Signals

As a conduit between the brain and the spinal cord, the brain stem serves as a relay station for sensory information from the body to the brain and motor commands from the brain to the body. Nerve fibers ascend through the brain stem carrying sensory impulses towards the brain for processing, while descending fibers convey motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord, coordinating voluntary movements and reflex actions.

3. Integration of Reflexes

The brain stem plays a pivotal role in mediating reflex actions, automatic responses that occur in response to specific stimuli without conscious effort. Reflex arcs involving sensory receptors, afferent nerves, interneurons within the brain stem, and efferent nerves facilitate rapid, involuntary reactions to stimuli, such as withdrawing from pain or adjusting posture to maintain balance, ensuring swift and adaptive responses to environmental changes.

4. Control of Arousal and Consciousness

Crucially, the brain stem regulates levels of consciousness and arousal, exerting influence over wakefulness, alertness, and sleep-wake cycles. The reticular formation, a network of nuclei spanning the brain stem, modulates neural activity to promote wakefulness during periods of stimulation and facilitate transitions into sleep or altered states of consciousness, underscoring its pivotal role in regulating the overall level of cognitive awareness.

5. Coordination of Cranial Nerve Functions

Integral to its function, the brain stem houses nuclei responsible for controlling several cranial nerves involved in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic regulation of organs in the head and neck region. By coordinating the activities of these cranial nerves, the brain stem facilitates crucial functions such as vision, hearing, facial expressions, swallowing, and maintaining cardiovascular and respiratory homeostasis.

6. Facilitation of Postural Control and Balance

Moreover, the brain stem contributes to postural control and balance through its connections with the cerebellum, a structure located at the base of the brain. By integrating sensory feedback from the body and coordinating motor commands, the brain stem helps maintain stability and equilibrium, enabling smooth and coordinated movements essential for navigating the environment safely.

7. Modulation of Autonomic Functions

Additionally, the brain stem modulates autonomic functions, regulating visceral activities such as digestion, urination, and sexual arousal through its influence on the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways originating in the brain stem orchestrate physiological responses to stress, rest, and various internal and external stimuli, ensuring adaptive adjustments to maintain internal balance and respond to changing environmental demands.

8. Regulation of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions

Furthermore, the brain stem plays a central role in regulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions, ensuring the delivery of oxygen-rich blood to tissues and organs and maintaining optimal gas exchange in the lungs. Through specialized nuclei and reflex pathways, the brain stem modulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing patterns in response to physiological needs and environmental cues, safeguarding vital organ perfusion and metabolic balance.

9. Contribution to Neuroendocrine Control

Lastly, the brain stem contributes to neuroendocrine control by serving as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Hypothalamic nuclei within the brain stem integrate neural and hormonal signals, regulating the release of pituitary hormones that govern various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses, thereby exerting profound influence over systemic homeostasis and adaptation.

Conclusion

In summary, the brain stem embodies the intricate interplay between neural structures and physiological functions, serving as a linchpin of the central nervous system’s regulatory machinery. Its diverse roles encompass vital autonomic, sensory, motor, and integrative functions essential for maintaining life, consciousness, and adaptive responses to internal and external stimuli. Through its complex networks and dynamic interactions, the brain stem exemplifies the remarkable complexity and resilience of the human brain, underscoring its paramount importance in sustaining health, vitality, and cognitive function.

FAQs

1. What is the primary function of the brain stem? The brain stem is responsible for regulating essential physiological functions, including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as controlling basic involuntary movements like swallowing and vomiting.

2. How does the brain stem connect the brain to the rest of the body? The brain stem serves as a conduit between the brain and the spinal cord, facilitating the transmission of sensory and motor signals to and from the body’s peripheral nervous system.

3. What are the major anatomical divisions of the brain stem? The brain stem comprises three main regions: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain, each with distinct structures and functions contributing to overall neural regulation and coordination.

4. How does the brain stem contribute to consciousness and arousal? The reticular formation, a network of nuclei located throughout the brain stem, plays a critical role in regulating wakefulness, attention, and arousal levels by modulating the activity of cortical and subcortical brain regions.

5. What happens when the brain stem is damaged? Damage to the brain stem can result in profound neurological deficits, including loss of consciousness, impaired vital functions such as breathing and heart rate, and disturbances in sensory and motor control, depending on the extent and location of the injury.

[pesteringchum]

Rambling about the Drift/ghost drifting as someone who has only seen the first Pacific Rim movie

The Drift tech makes me think of transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS] but on a more sophisticated level. To my understanding, TMS is used for the treatment of various mental conditions through varying the strength of a magnetic field and pulse patterns to influence firing of neural impulses in order to control mental activity, such as emotion. I would think that the pons headsets contain magnets that perform a similar task: using magnetic stimulation to map the neural activity of Drift partner A onto Drift partner B, and vice versa, in order to synchronize their thinking.

That much makes sense to me for piloting a Jaeger in the moment but, when it comes to transferring memories that are not being actively recalled [and therefore showing active brain activity], my speculating gets a little more tentative. My best guess is that the device scans the connectome of each Drift partner for underlying neural connections associated with memories and such and then. Uhhh. Projects that onto the partner by somehow stimulating those neural connections to form?

Assuming this is the case, then ghost drifting isn’t so much telepathy, as I’ve often seen depicted in fanfics, but more so an internal sense of probabilities based on the lingering neural associations imparted by the pons device. You aren’t reading the other person’s thoughts, but you can predict what they are probably thinking in the moment, based on how the memories and tendencies projected onto your brain would likely interact with the current situation. For example, when sparring, you can anticipate their moves because you know what strategies they tend to employ or have seen/learned in the past, as well as what is currently happening in the match that they are reacting to. In this sense, if you were removed from their context [e.g., you’re in another room or they are looking at something you can’t see], you would not be able to predict what they were thinking because your mind is not reacting to the same stimulus they are.

Considering how Jaeger pilots are often together, this would still likely look to be straight up telepathy to an outside observer. They would pretty much always be reacting to the same stimulus/situation and, weird brain shit notwithstanding, spending more time with someone generally gives you a better idea of how they are likely to react to things and of how to read their nonverbal cues, so they would probably be in sync most of the time.

I think the ghost drift is more interesting if it’s not telepathy. You Know things about this person, and part of them lives in your mind for as long as those neural connections linger, but you are still separate people when not drifting. Probabilities and predictions can only get you so far; you still have to put in that effort to engage with and understand that person.

PS: I’m kind of annoyed that the device is called the pons and not the corpus callosum. Yes, pons is snappier and means bridge [and is the name of the brain structure that connects the brain stem to the midbrain!] but corpus callosum is more fitting for a system that connects the minds of two people to serve as the left and right hemispheres of the Jaeger’s brain. I know the pons was probably named for connecting the pilots to the Jaeger itself, channeling their combined activity to be translated into Jaeger movement and receiving information from the Jaeger’s sensors, but come on. Come onnn. The mind meld is the part we all care about. Plus, I like thinking about exiting the drift as feeling like being severed from the other half of your brain. Makes me think of those split brain procedures.

[purelyobsessional]

Snakes and Your Midbrain

Here is a diagram of the human brain. The midbrain is where you’d expect it to be — in the middle.

The midbrain acts as a kind of relay station for auditory and visual information. It's where the “fight or flight” response originates in our brains. For those of us with OCD, when the midbrain gets activated, it can make us physically feel as if the thought we’re having poses a real threat (think tight chest, racing heart, churning stomach, etc.).

Imagine you’re walking in a jungle and you “think” you see a snake. This is actually just a “pre-thought” (meaning it doesn’t rise to the level of consciousness), but it immediately triggers the body's alarm system. After that initial, automatic trigger, your conscious/thinking brain starts asking, “Is it actually a snake? Maybe it's just a twig."

Imagine if you then conclude, “Yeah, ok — just a twig.” You might think that at that point your conscious mind has prevailed and all is well. But your body and unconscious mind are already primed and reacting as if the twig really is a snake. It takes a while for that fear response to subside. Rational thoughts don’t help the process; the body has to release the fear on its own.

Putting this in terms of OCD, you can’t think yourself out of an obsessive thought. Trying to do so (that is, “ruminating”) only prolongs and intensifies things. Learn to trust that your body will release the fear caused by the intrusive, disturbing thought in its own time. Don’t try to think the thought away. It doesn’t work. Trust me, I've tried.

[charlottee5]

What is the brain?

The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, the brain and spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS.

The brain sends and receives chemical and electrical signals throughout the body. Different signals control different processes, and your brain interprets each. Some make you feel tired, for example, while others make you feel pain.

Some messages are kept within the brain, while others are relayed through the spine and across the body’s vast network of nerves to distant extremities. To do this, the central nervous system relies on billions of neurons (nerve cells).

Main Parts of the Brain and Their Functions

At a high level, the brain can be divided into the cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum.

Cerebrum

The cerebrum (front of brain) comprises gray matter (the cerebral cortex) and white matter at its center. The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. Other functions relate to vision, hearing, touch and other senses.

Cerebral Cortex

Cortex is Latin for “bark,” and describes the outer gray matter covering of the cerebrum. The cortex has a large surface area due to its folds, and comprises about half of the brain’s weight.

The cerebral cortex is divided into two halves, or hemispheres. It is covered with ridges (gyri) and folds (sulci). The two halves join at a large, deep sulcus (the interhemispheric fissure, AKA the medial longitudinal fissure) that runs from the front of the head to the back. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left half controls the right side of the body. The two halves communicate with one another through a large, C-shaped structure of white matter and nerve pathways called the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum is in the center of the cerebrum.

Brainstem

The brainstem (middle of brain) connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons and the medulla.

Midbrain. The midbrain (or mesencephalon) is a very complex structure with a range of different neuron clusters (nuclei and colliculi), neural pathways and other structures. These features facilitate various functions, from hearing and movement to calculating responses and environmental changes. The midbrain also contains the substantia nigra, an area affected by Parkinson’s disease that is rich in dopamine neurons and part of the basal ganglia, which enables movement and coordination.

Pons. The pons is the origin for four of the 12 cranial nerves, which enable a range of activities such as tear production, chewing, blinking, focusing vision, balance, hearing and facial expression. Named for the Latin word for “bridge,” the pons is the connection between the midbrain and the medulla.

Medulla. At the bottom of the brainstem, the medulla is where the brain meets the spinal cord. The medulla is essential to survival. Functions of the medulla regulate many bodily activities, including heart rhythm, breathing, blood flow, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The medulla produces reflexive activities such as sneezing, vomiting, coughing and swallowing.

The spinal cord extends from the bottom of the medulla and through a large opening in the bottom of the skull. Supported by the vertebrae, the spinal cord carries messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body.

[unwelcome-ozian]

what projects or organizations use star children or program them? can someone be made to be a “star child” or like one or are they born that way and then targeted?

Starseeds are born not created. They are selected for research. Here’s a quote from a study I found: “Self reports on participants' life purpose, their unique abilities, and being misunderstood were also collected. It was concluded that Indigos felt mislabeled or misunderstood throughout their lives in spite of their belief that their life purpose was to help humankind.”

The search for starseeds is to assist with accessing the Akashic Records. Here’s a quote: #31: Well the session process was-while I was drifting and rummaging around in the old AKASHIC records…uh…I don't know. Source

In September 1981, an extraordinary paper was published in the PRC in the journal Ziran Zazhi (transl.: Nature Journal), and this paper was entitled, “Some Experiments on the Transfer of Objects Performed by Unusual Abilities of the Human Body” (Shuhuang et al., 1981). The paper reported that gifted children were able to cause the apparent teleportation of small objects (radio micro-transmitters, photosensitive paper, mechanical watches, horseflies, other insects, etc.) from one location to another (that was metres away) without them ever touching the objects beforehand. All of the Chinese experiments reported using gifted children and young adults, who possessed well-known extraordinary PK ability, to cause the teleportation of the various test specimens.

Omni Article on Chinese, Psychic Children, January 1985 Psi Research in China

Ian Pretyman Stevenson

Dr Andrija Puharich's "space kids."

There are numerous locations regarding accessing starseeds. The abilities that are being sought go by some of the following names: InfoVision, Parapsychology, Extraocular Image, Midbrain Activation, Mindsight, and Second sight.

Parapsychology Laboratory at Duke University Online Precognition Registry ESP in school children Research into Paranormal Experiences in Children

Government document China Britain/France

Oz

[mindtech01]

Mid Brain Activation | Mind Tech International

Mindtech International is the No.1 DMIT and Midbrain activation software company in India with a dynamic team of professionals.

[mindtechindia]

Exploring the Benefits and Applications of DMIT Software

Dermatoglyphic Multiple Intelligence Test (DMIT) software has gained prominence in recent years as a tool for understanding an individual's unique set of intelligences and capabilities. Derived from the study of fingerprints, palmistry, and multiple intelligence theories, DMIT software aims to provide valuable insights into an individual's strengths, weaknesses, and potential areas of talent. In this article, we delve into the features, benefits, and applications of DMIT software.

Understanding DMIT Software:

DMIT software is designed to analyze and interpret dermatoglyphic patterns, which are the ridge patterns on the skin of fingers, palms, toes, and soles. These patterns are believed to be unique to each individual and can be indicative of various aspects of a person's intelligence, personality, and potential.

Key Features of DMIT Software:

Fingerprint Analysis: DMIT software primarily focuses on analyzing fingerprint patterns, categorizing them into different types such as loops, whorls, and arches. Each type is associated with specific personality traits and intelligences.

Brain Lobes and Dominance: The software often includes modules that assess the dominance of different brain lobes, linking them to cognitive functions. This analysis can provide insights into an individual's learning style and preferred modes of information processing.

Emotional Quotient (EQ) and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Assessment: DMIT software may assess both emotional and intellectual aspects of an individual. This can help in understanding the emotional strengths and potential intellectual capacities of the person.

Learning Style Analysis: The software may identify the preferred learning styles of individuals, including visual, auditory, kinesthetic, or a combination. This information can be valuable for educators and parents in tailoring teaching methods to suit the individual's learning preferences.

Benefits of DMIT Software:

Early Identification of Talents: DMIT software is often used to identify a person's innate talents and strengths from an early age. This information can guide parents and educators in nurturing these talents for better personal and academic development.

Career Guidance: The insights provided by DMIT software can assist individuals in making informed decisions about their careers. Understanding one's strengths and weaknesses can help in choosing a career path that aligns with their natural abilities.

Improved Education Strategies: For educators, DMIT software can be a valuable tool for tailoring teaching methods to match the learning styles of individual students. This personalized approach can enhance the overall learning experience.

Enhanced Self-Awareness: Individuals who undergo DMIT analysis often report an increased sense of self-awareness. Understanding one's strengths and areas for improvement can contribute to personal growth and development.

Applications of DMIT Software:

Educational Institutions: DMIT software is widely used in schools and educational institutions to understand the learning preferences of students and provide customized teaching strategies.

Career Counseling Centers: Career counselors use DMIT software to assist individuals in making informed career choices based on their natural abilities and aptitudes.

Parental Guidance: Parents can utilize DMIT software to understand their child's unique strengths and provide appropriate support and encouragement in areas where they excel.

Human Resource Management: Some organizations use DMIT software in the recruitment and training process to identify the strengths and potential of employees for better job placement and career development.

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DMIT Report

Midbrain Activation in India

Career Counselling Business

Conclusion:

DMIT software has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding and harnessing individual potential. Whether for educational institutions, career counseling centers, or personal development, the insights provided by Best DMIT Software can contribute to more informed decision-making and a holistic approach to individual growth and success.

Midbrain Activation in India

[jhstickynotes]

Article Summary: Hyperacusis in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Written by Kevin Bandel

Hyperacusis is the condition in which sounds which are not considered threatening or uncomfortable to most are perceived as intolerable. These reactions are to sound in general rather than a dislike of particular sounds. This report explores the prevalence of hyperacusis in the autistic population, the etiology (study of a condition’s causes) of hyperacusis in autism, and possible symptom management.

The exact cause of hyperacusis is unknown, but there are theories about what may increase its likelihood. One theory is that there is an increased synchronization between the auditory cortex and neurons that typically respond to loud sounds, which means the neurons would activate from lower intensity sounds. Another theory is an alteration between the limbic system (part of the brain responsible for emotional responses) or the auditory pathway. In observing those with hyperacusis, scientists have used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on these subjects and detected elevated auditory activity in the midbrain, thalamus, and cortex.

While it is suspected that a significant portion of the autistic population experiences hyperacusis, studies have been inconsistent on how widespread it is. In 1999, one study reported an 18% prevalence for hyperacusis in children and adolescents with autism. Another study conducted in 2016 reported an increased sound sensitivity in 37% of the autistic children and adolescents it observed. The highest rate of hyperacusis was from a study in 2015, which tested autistic individuals ages 4 to 42, found that 69% of the participants were in the reported hyperacusis range.

Despite how large and inconsistent the estimated of range of hyperacusis in autistic individuals, a range of 18%-69% is a noticeable difference from the general population that possibly has hyperacusis, which is 3.2% to 17.1% The other important factor was of a study of 61 children with hyperacusis, 46% of them had a concurrent neurodevelopmental condition, with the most common being autism. The prevalence of concurrent autism and hyperacusis was likely influenced by autism influencing differences in sensory processing.

The article recommended three approaches to managing hyperacusis. One was habituation training, which involves playing a list of sounds the patient finds bothersome at a low level, with a gradual increase to the volume each week. Another was Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which attempts to reframe a patient’s negative thoughts and behaviors. The last one was Auditory Integration Training (AIT), which plays an audio recording that filters out the sounds that the subject finds most intolerable, adding them back into the recording at a slow increase in volume. Of the three approaches, the article provided studies that Auditory Integration Training was the least supported in its effectiveness of dealing with hyperacusis.

An issue in assessing and coping with hyperacusis is the difficulty to measure and define it. Since it is a combination of both sound sensitivity and personal experience, studies would need to account for both dimensions of the condition. Subjective emotions are very challenging to measure precisely, but are a crucial part of hyperacusis since one’s perspective of sounds affects how much one can tolerate them.

While much is undetermined about hyperacusis, it appears to explain and conceptualize struggles that many autistic people face, especially since pursuing music involves a high exposure to sound.

[quantum-lion]

Attacked views - απόψεις που δέχονται επίθεση

(elaborately)

(text 1)

(sorry for the Greek; we have to be sorry for the nationalization of a metaphysical worldview on their national flag and constitution; we should write texts about the UK, Indian, Swedish, etc. flags also)

== in Greek ==

το μη αυταπόδεικτο της αυθυπαρξίας και της κοσμογονικότητας της προσωπότητας (personhood), και η κυριαρχία της λογικής επί της προσωπότητας χωρίς εξωδιαδικαστική ελεύθερη θέληση

== in English ==

the non-self-evidence of the self-existence and cosmogonicity of personhood, and the domination of logic over personhood without exo-prodecural (extra-prodecural) free will

===index===

* cosmogonicity: the cosmogonic ability; the ability to create worlds

* axiomatic prerequisites for physical foundations: a field of study hypernymic to the quantum foundations; related to Max Tegmark's computational universe and David Deutsch and Chiara Marletto's cosmological constructor

===notes===

Personhood is the result of a personhood-yielding computer [true brain] which has memories and modalities (see: Brodmann areas or other categorization; also [digital] program-based Brodmann-like subroutines). True personhood (non-philosophical-zombieness) simply requires extra modalities for extra cohesion (for example some midbrain structures do that, but not only), internal experiencing (the default mode network help the organisation of the information via self-interaction, memory consolidation, etc.), activation modes (a true person gets activated even without external inputs [of course external inputs are necessary to shape a healthy personality]).

Personhood isn't a simple axiom but instead it is the result of intricate personhood-yielding computers, which has memory-storing regions and many different data-processing modalities. A healthy evolution of personality (specific characteristics) within groups like family, school and society are necessary for fully-fledged personhood to be properly shaped and emerge. Personhood is gradient. Any functional or environmental problem if serious enough can impair it.

The personhood-yielding computer works according to logic. Logic here can be allomathematical. Allomathematics is a mathematics with different axioms than the common mathematics, but it's transcribable to mathematics (1. there isn't only one axiomatic system; there is no universal axiomatic system of finite size, 2. mathematics isn't tautological to physics, some people work on the axiomatic prerequisites for physical foundations; the foundations of mathematics have logical gaps which cannot be resolved in a general manner; on the other hand allophysics permits the existence of infinite universes; actually infinite allomathematics are possible, but that's a taboo topic for non-experimentalists).

Every axiomatic systems' formula = logical statement, is usually transcribable to different axiomatic systems (if they have enough complexity). When two axiomatic systems are overall transcribable to their foundational basis, it means they are the same axiomatic system. Most axiomatic systems aren't overall transcribable, instead they can be in a problem-by-problem basis. There is no universal axiomaticity = universal axiomatic system, not only because it would have to be nontrivially infinite, but because many axiomatic systems are mutually exclusive (you have to see experimental axiomatic systems and studies on the axiomatic systems).

The calculability and the constructor theory approaches are equivalent and can create layered/ stratified axiomatics/ axiomatic system trees.

The foundations of physics and allophysics works better as an algorithmic axiomatic system and not as an axiomatic list. Also algorithmoids = algorithm-like procedures which can internally evolve are an option (true algorithms are internally stationary).

see: ontoaxiomatic workarounds (the problems of the axiomatic systems: incompleteness, inconsistency and axiomatic incalculability cannot be all avoided in tandem, but there are procedures to manage them = partial revelation of information, procedural axiom-building, self-interactions, etc.)

_________

The supernatural is an impossibility because it lacks foundational specifics and it's only described through antiscientific vague empiricism and not rigorous logic.

Logic (allomathematical; of any logical possible [allo]mathematics = transcribable to common mathematics) is the basis of any possible personhood-yielding computer (biobrain, digibrain, etc.).

see: complex cluster of ANNs, Flexible ANNs, general GPUs and program-biased nongeneral GPUs, all used together to create a personhood-yielding computer (true brain) by mimicking the principles of the human brain (rigorous neuroscientific knowledge is required; missing a function impairs the degree of personhood of the digibrain)

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 28, 2024

Hierarchical control over foraging behavior by anterior cingulate cortex. Alejandro, R. J., & Holroyd, C. B. (2024). Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 160, 105623.

Dissociable encoding of motivated behavior by parallel thalamo-striatal projections. Beas, S., Khan, I., Gao, C., Loewinger, G., Macdonald, E., Bashford, A., … Penzo, M. A. (2024). Current Biology, 34(7), 1549-1560.e3.

Active reinforcement learning versus action bias and hysteresis: control with a mixture of experts and nonexperts. Colas, J. T., O’Doherty, J. P., & Grafton, S. T. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(3), e1011950.

Alignment of brain embeddings and artificial contextual embeddings in natural language points to common geometric patterns. Goldstein, A., Grinstein-Dabush, A., Schain, M., Wang, H., Hong, Z., Aubrey, B., … Hasson, U. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2768.

Optimal reaching subject to computational and physical constraints reveals structure of the sensorimotor control system. Greene, P., Bastian, A. J., Schieber, M. H., & Sarma, S. V. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(14), e2319313121.

Maturation of cortical input to dorsal raphe nucleus increases behavioral persistence in mice. Gutierrez-Castellanos, N., Sarra, D., Godinho, B. S., & Mainen, Z. F. (2024). eLife, 13, e93485.

Antipsychotic drugs selectively decorrelate long-range interactions in deep cortical layers. Heindorf, M., & Keller, G. B. (2024). eLife, 12, e86805.4.

Perceptual learning changes the amplitude not the shape of the temporal window of visual processing. Lin, L., Ruan, X., Liu, R., Zhu, J., Zhang, W., Lu, Z.-L., … Hou, F. (2024). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 50(4), 523–534.

Learning leaves a memory trace in motor cortex. Losey, D. M., Hennig, J. A., Oby, E. R., Golub, M. D., Sadtler, P. T., Quick, K. M., … Chase, S. M. (2024). Current Biology, 34(7), 1519-1531.e4.

A role of frontal association cortex in long‐term object recognition memory of objects with complex features in rats. Masmudi‐Martín, M., López‐Aranda, M. F., Navarro‐Lobato, I., & Khan, Z. U. (2024). European Journal of Neuroscience, 59(7), 1743–1752.

Predictive coding networks for temporal prediction. Millidge, B., Tang, M., Osanlouy, M., Harper, N. S., & Bogacz, R. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(4), e1011183.

Unravelling the multisensory learning advantage: Different patterns of within and across frequency-specific interactions drive uni- and multisensory neuroplasticity. Paraskevopoulos, E., Anagnostopoulou, A., Chalas, N., Karagianni, M., & Bamidis, P. (2024). NeuroImage, 291, 120582.

Collective sensing in electric fish. Pedraja, F., & Sawtell, N. B. (2024). Nature, 628(8006), 139–144.

Stochastic attractor models of visual working memory. Penny, W. (2024). PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0301039.

Brain mechanism of foraging: Reward-dependent synaptic plasticity versus neural integration of values. Pereira-Obilinovic, U., Hou, H., Svoboda, K., & Wang, X.-J. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(14), e2318521121.

Space as a scaffold for rotational generalisation of abstract concepts. Pesnot Lerousseau, J., & Summerfield, C. (2024). eLife, 13, e93636.3.

A midbrain GABAergic circuit constrains wakefulness in a mouse model of stress. Ren, S., Zhang, C., Yue, F., Tang, J., Zhang, W., Zheng, Y., … Hu, Z. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2722.

A machine‐learning tool to identify bistable states from calcium imaging data. Varma, A., Udupa, S., Sengupta, M., Ghosh, P. K., & Thirumalai, V. (2024). Journal of Physiology, 602(7), 1243–1271.

Ocular surface information seen from the somatosensory thalamus and cortex. Velasco, E., Zaforas, M., Acosta, M. C., Gallar, J., & Aguilar, J. (2024). Journal of Physiology, 602(7), 1405–1426.

Causal functional maps of brain rhythms in working memory. Wischnewski, M., Berger, T. A., Opitz, A., & Alekseichuk, I. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(14), e2318528121.

[appalachiafreeman]

The human brain begins to develop shortly after conception and continues into early adulthood. 

Here are some key stages in the development of the fetal brain: 

1) Neural tube forms

The neural tube, which contains the brain, spinal cord, and other neural tissue, forms around the fifth week of pregnancy. 

2) Neural tube closes

The neural tube closes between the sixth and seventh weeks of pregnancy, separating the brain into three parts: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. 

3) Brain appears smooth

By the ninth week, the brain appears as a small, smooth structure. 

4) Brain develops folds

As the brain grows, it begins to form the folds that distinguish different brain regions. 

5) Central nervous system control increases

By 30 to 32 weeks, the fetus has more control over its body functions and breathing movements

Brain Activity:

Brain waves can be detected in a fetus as early as six weeks and three days after conception, which is about three weeks after the fetal heart starts beating. However, the brain connections needed to create brain waves may be in place before this age

Please continue with your dogma of death, while ignoring the logic of actual biological scientific fact.