#Marathi

[ethnicite]

Indian actress of Pashtun and Marathi descent.

Zeenat Aman, 1970s

[folkfashion]

Marathi woman, India, by Fotocaters Photography

[smiwako]

Learn to say "chup na lvdya" to the world every once in awhile

You have every right to

[miku-earth]

joined in on the cultural miku trend on twt & made a marathi / maharashtrian version of her :] by zeniaerith

[ethnicite]

Indian actress of Pashtun and Marathi descent.

Zeenat Aman in Ajnabee (1974)

[ok-jaanu]

the marathi urge to say "Khaalis maati?" after every disappointing incident.

[suvarnarekha]

छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराजांच्या जयंतीच्या हार्दिक सुवेच्छा! 🚩

[survivetoread]

After fervent refreshing for weeks, I found that the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival schedule finally went up this afternoon. I've planned my personal schedule, and I think I'm covering almost all the films I wanted to watch.

I really want to catch अंधारातल्या मशाली [aṅdhārātlyā maśālī] (torches in the dark), which appears to be the only exclusively Marathi-language film in the line-up this year. (Its English title is 'Marching in the Dark').

I could watch it on the 22nd, but if I pick it up, it leaves me with a roughly 1.5 hour gap in the schedule with nothing to do.

On the reverse, if I plan it for the 21st, I won't have time to lunch on that day.

I wish there was one more showing. 😩 There's even a lot of empty space in the schedule for one of the auditoriums on the final day! Come onnnn.

[panikk-attackkk]

Life update : Atishaii बावळटपना✨

[stargazer3700]

तुझ्यासाठीचं माझं प्रेम आहे किती हावरट,

माझ्या ह्रदयाच्या सीमेशी आहे त्याला घृणा;

जगाच्या अंतापर्यंत ही सीमा‌ खेचत नेवून,

ह्या ह्रदयात बनवतो तो आपला एक‌ किल्ला.

[thegleamingmoon]

सुंदर तें ध्यान उभे विटेवरी ।

कर कटावरी ठेवोनियां ॥१॥

Beautiful is that vision/thought (of Vitthala) standing on the brick with his hands

तुळसी हार गळां कांसे पीताम्बर ।

आवडे निरंतर तेंचि रूप ॥२॥

Adorned with Tulasi garlands and Pitaambara. I am always fond of his form.

मकरकुंडलें तळपती श्रवणीं ।

कंठीं कौस्तुभमणि विराजित ॥३॥

He adorns his ears with fish-like earrings. The kaustubha gem rests around his neck.

तुका ह्मणे माझें हेंचि सर्व सुख ।

पाहीन श्रीमुख आवडींने ॥४॥

Thus, Tuka says, this is all my happiness (that I seek)

I will behold his auspicious visage with great joy.

- Saint Tukaram.

*********

Wishing everyone a prosperous and blessed Ashadhi Ekadashi. May Vitthala and Rakhumai always be with you. This composition by Saint Tukaram resonates with each and every devotee who seeks their joy in Vitthala / Naryana. I have tried to translate it as precisely as I could with whatever little knowlege of Marathi that I have. You can let me know if I have made a mistake somewhere.

🐚🪷 ।। रामकृष्ण हरी ।। 🪷🐚

[mr-breathaway]

Am i the only one who has never cried in my life while listening to दमलेल्या बाबाची ह्या कहाणी performance??

[samsrdhaa]

Hot couple here

[friend-shaped-but]

माळरानावरील गोंधळ ऐकून कान्हा  धावतच पुढे गेला. दादा त्याला हाका मारत त्याच्या मागे जात होता, पण गोंधळाच्या आवाजामुळे त्याला बहुतेक काही ऐकू येत नसावं, म्हणून अजून मोठ्या आवाजात बालरामाने त्याला बोलावण्याचा प्रयत्न केला. खरंतर कान्हाला दादाचा आवाज ऐकू येत होता. पण ���्याला त्या गोंधळाच्या दिशेने एक आवाज जणू ओढून आणत होता. मोहन त्या भयानक प्राण्याच्या तावडीत सापडला होता, आणि ते दोघे एकमेकांविरुद्व आपली सगळी शक्ती वापरून लढत होते. पण त्याच्या मित्रानी आपली सर्व शक्ती काय, आपले प्राण पणाला लावले, तरी त्या भयानक प्राण्याच्या शक्ती त्याच्यापेक्षा कायम जास्तच असणार होती! 

"मोहन!" तो किंचाळला. "मोहना, हे काय करतोयस तू , सोड त्याला! मी येतोय!" 

कान्हा पुढे पळेल तेवढ्यात त्याच्या दंडावर कोणीतरी हात घट्ट धरला होता. पण मोहनला मृत्यूच्या जबड्यात आकडकलेलं त्याला बघवत नव्हतं. 

"सोड मला!" 

"कान्हा, थांब" जरा दातओठ खातच स्नेह म्हणाला. "घाई करू नकोस!" 

"स्नेह, सोड!" 

स्नेहल बोचकारून त्यानी स्वतःचा हात सोडवून घेतला, आणि पळत सुटला. 

 नखं मारून, लाथा मारत, बोचकारतंच तो मोहनापर्यंत पोचू शकला. धेनुकासुराच्या सापळ्यात सापडलेल्या मोहनमध्ये मदत मागण्याइतका, ओरडण्याइतका पण त्राण राहिला नव्हता. गाढवाच्या रुपातला तो राक्षस जवळजवळ दोन पायांवर उभा राहिला होता, पण घामानी चिंब भिजलेला मोहन त्याच्या लाथा घालणाऱ्या पुढच्या दोन पायां��ा घट्ट धरून त्याला थांबवायचा प्रयत्न करत होता. त्याचे स्नायू ताणलेले स्पष्ट दिसत होते, आणि त्या झटापटीत मोहनची शक्ती कमी पडतीये हेही त्याच्या चेहऱ्यावर स्पष्ट दिसत होतं. 

[gwendolynlerman]

Additional letters

This is a compilation of additional letters in the main scripts of the world.

Arabic script

The basic Arabic abjad has 28 letters: ح ‎ج‎ ث‎ ت‎ ب‎ ا ‎ص‎ ش‎ س‎ ز‎ ر‎ ذ‎ د ‎ق‎ ف‎ غ‎ ع ظ‎ ط‎ ض ‎ي‎ و‎ ه‎ ن‎ م‎ ل‎ ك. Some languages have adapted it by including additional letters:

پ: Arabic, Balochi, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, Uyghur

ٻ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ڀ: Sindhi

ٺ: Sindhi

ٽ: Sindhi

ٿ: Rajasthani, Sindhi

ﭦ: Kashmiri, Punjabi, Urdu

ټ: Pashto

چ: Kashmiri, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Urdu

څ: Pashto

ځ: Pashto

ڊ: Saraiki

ډ: Pashto

ڌ: Sindhi

ڈ: Kashmiri, Punjabi, Urdu

ݙ: Saraiki

ڕ: Kurdish

ړ: Ormuri, Torwali

ژ: Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Urdu, Uyghur

ڑ: Punjabi, Urdu

ږ: Pashto

ݭ: Gawri, Ormuri

ݜ: Shina

ښ: Pashto

ڜ: Moroccan Arabic

ڠ: Malay‎

ڥ‎ ‎‎: Algerian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic

ڤ: Kurdish, Malay

ڨ: Algerian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic‎

ک: Sindhi

ݢ: Malay‎

گ: Pashto, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Mesopotamian Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Urdu, Uyghur

‎ګ: Pashto

ڱ: Sindhi

ڳ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ڪ: Sindhi

ڬ: Malay

ڭ: Algerian Arabic, Kyrgyz, Moroccan Arabic, Uyghur

ڵ: Kurdish

لؕ ‎: Punjabi

ݪ: Gawri, Marwari

ڽ: Malay

ڻ: Sindhi‎

ݨ‎‎: Punjabi, Saraiki

ڼ‎: Pashto

ۏ: Malay‎

ۋ: Kyrgyz, Uyghur

ۆ: Kurdish, Uyghur

ۇ: Kyrgyz, Uyghur

ۅ: Kyrgyz

ی: Pashto

ې: Pashto, Uyghur

ىٓ: Saraiki

ێ‎: Kurdish

ۍ: Pashto‎

ئ: Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Urdu

ھ: Kurdish, Punjabi, Urdu, Uyghur

ے: Punjabi, Urdu

Cyrillic script

The basic Cyrillic alphabet includes 29 letters: А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ь ь Ю ю Я я. Most languages use additional letters:

Ӕ ӕ: Ossetian

Ä ӓ: Hill Mari, Kildin Sámi

Ӑ ӑ: Chuvash

Ґ ґ: Belarusian, Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ӷ ӷ: Abkhaz

Ѓ ѓ:  Macedonian

Г' г': Kurdish

Гъ гъ: Avar, Ossetian

Гь гь: Avar

Гӏ гӏ: Avar

Ғ ғ: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Tajik, Uzbek

Дә дә: Abkhaz

Дж дж: Bulgarian, Ossetian

Дз дз: Bulgarian, Ossetian

Ђ ђ: Montenegrin, Serbian

Ѕ ѕ: Macedonian

Ҙ ҙ: Bashkir

Є є: Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ә ә: Abkhaz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Dungan, Kalmyk, Kurdish, Tatar

Ә' ә': Kurdish

Ё ё: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Khalkha, Kildin Sámi, Komi-Permyak, Kyrgyz, Meadow Mari, Ossetian, Russian, Rusyn, Tajik, Tatar, Ukrainian, Uzbek

Ӗ ӗ: Chuvash

Ӂ ӂ: Moldovan

Җ җ: Dungan, Kalmyk

Жә жә: Abkhaz

З́ з́: Montenegrin

Ӡ ӡ: Abkhaz

Ӡә ӡә: Abkhaz

І і: Avar, Belarusian, Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ї ї: Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ӣ ӣ: Tajik

Ҋ ҋ: Kildin Sámi

Ј ј: Azerbaijani, Kildin Sámi, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Ҝ ҝ: Azerbaijani

Қ қ: Abkhaz, Tajik, Uzbek

Қь қь: Abkhaz

Ҡ ҡ: Bashkir

Ҟ ҟ: Abkhaz

Ҟь ҟь: Abkhaz

Ќ ќ:  Macedonian

К' к': Kurdish

Къ къ: Avar, Ossetian

Кь кь: Abkhaz, Avar

Кӏ кӏ: Avar

Кӏкӏ кӏкӏ: Avar

Кк кк: Avar

Ӆ ӆ: Kildin Sámi

Љ љ: Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Ӎ ӎ: Kildin Sámi

Ӊ ң: Bashkir, Dungan, Kalmyk, Kildin Sámi, Kyrgyz, Tatar

Ҥ ҥ: Meadow Mari

Ӈ ӈ: Kildin Sámi

Њ њ: Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Ө ө: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Khalkha, Kyrgyz, Tatar

Ö ӧ: Hill Mari, Komi-Permyak, Kurdish, Meadow Mari

Ԥ ԥ: Abkhaz

П' п': Kurdish

Ҧ ҧ: Abkhaz

Пъ пъ: Ossetian

Ҏ ҏ: Kildin Sámi

Р' р': Kurdish

Ҫ ҫ: Bashkir, Chuvash

С́ с́: Montenegrin

Ҭ ҭ: Abkhaz

Ҭә ҭә: Abkhaz

Т' т': Kurdish

Тә тә: Abkhaz

Тъ тъ: Ossetian

Тӏ тӏ: Avar

Ћ ћ: Montenegrin, Serbian

Ӱ ӱ: Hill Mari, Meadow Mari

Ӳ ӳ: Chuvash

Ў ў: Belarusian, Dungan, Uzbek

Ӯ ӯ: Tajik

Ү ү: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Dungan, Kalmyk, Khalkha, Kyrgyz, Tatar

Ҳ ҳ: Abkhaz, Tajik, Uzbek

Хъ хъ: Ossetian

Хь хь: Abkhaz

Хӏ хӏ: Avar

Ҳ ҳ: Abkhaz

Ҳә ҳә: Abkhaz

Һ һ: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Kildin Sámi, Kurdish, Tatar

Һ' һ': Kurdish

Ҵ ҵ: Abkhaz

Ҵә ҵә: Abkhaz

Цә цә: Abkhaz

Цъ цъ: Ossetian

Цц цц: Avar

Цӏ цӏ: Avar

Цӏцӏ цӏц: Avar

Џ џ: Abkhaz, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Џь џь: Abkhaz

Ҹ ҹ: Azerbaijani

Ҷ ҷ: Azerbaijani, Tajik

Ч' ч': Kurdish

Чъ чъ: Ossetian

Чӏ чӏ: Avar

Чӏчӏ чӏчӏ: Avar

Ҽ ҽ: Abkhaz

Ҿ ҿ: Abkhaz

Шь шь: Abkhaz

Шә шә: Abkhaz

’: Belarusian, Ukrainian

Ъ ъ: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Khalkha, Komi-Permyak, Meadow Mari, Ossetian, Russian, Rusyn, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek

Ҍ ҍ: Kildin Sámi

Ы ы: Abkhaz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Belarusian, Buryat, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Khalkha, Kildin Sámi, Komi-Permyak, Kyrgyz, Meadow Mari, Moldovan, Ossetian, Russian, Tatar

Ӹ ӹ: Hill Mari

Ҩ ҩ: Abkhaz

Э э: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Belarusian, Buryat, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Kalmyk, Khalkha, Kildin Sámi, Komi-Permyak, Kyrgyz, Kurdish, Meadow Mari, Moldovan, Ossetian, Russian, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek

Ӭ ӭ: Kildin Sámi

Ԛ ԛ: Kurdish

Ԝ ԝ: Kurdish

Devanagari script

The basic Devanagari abugida includes 48 letters: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए पॅ ऐ ओ औ अं अः ॲं क ख ग घ ङ ह च छ ज झ ञ य श ट ठ ड ढ ण र ष त थ द ध न ल स प फ ब भ म व. But some languages add additional ones:

ॠ: Sanskrit

ऌ: Sanskrit

ॡ: Sanskrit

ॲ: Marathi

ऑ: Marathi

क़: Hindi

ख़: Hindi

ग़: Hindi

ॻ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ज़: Hindi

ॼ: Saraiki, Sindhi

झ़: Hindi

ॾ: Saraiki, Sindhi

फ़: Hindi

ड़: Hindi

ढ़: Hindi

ॿ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ळ: Gharwali, Konkani, Marathi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit

ॸ: Marwari

Geʽez script

The basic Geʽez abugida consists of 217 letters: ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ሏ ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ ሗ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ ሟ ፙ ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ ሧ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ሯ ፘ ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ ሷ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ቋ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ቧ ተ ቱ ቲ �� ቴ ት ቶ ቷ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ኋ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ኗ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ኧ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኳ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ዟ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ዷ ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጓ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ጧ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ጷ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ጿ ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ ፏ ፚ ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ ፗ. Certain languages use additional letters:

ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ: Amharic, Bilen

ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigre, Tigrinya

ቘ ቚ ቛ ቜ ቝ: Tigrinya

ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

ⶓ ⶔ ጟ ⶕ ⶖ: Bilen

ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ: Amharic, Harari, Tigrinya

ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigre, Tigrinya

ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

ጘ ጙ ጚ ጛ ጜ ጝ ጞ: Bilen, Tigre

ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

Hebrew script

The basic Hebrew abjad has 22 letters: א‎ ב‎ ג‎ ד‎ ה‎ ו‎ ז‎ ח‎ ט‎ י‎ ך/כ ‎ל‎ ם/מ‎ ן/נ‎ ��‎ ע‎ ף/פ‎ ץ/צ‎ ק‎ ר‎ ש‎ ת. Yiddish adds two more:

וו וי יי: Yiddish‎

בֿ: Yiddish

Latin script

The basic Latin alphabet consists of 26 letters: A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z. Many languages add special characters:

Countries between parentheses are added to distinguish between different languages that have the same name.

Æ æ: Danish, English, Faroese, Icelandic, Kawésqar, Lule Sámi, Norwegian, Southern Sámi, Yaghan

Ɑ ɑ (Latin alpha): Duka, Fe’fe’, Mbembe, Mbo, Tigon

Ð ð (eth): Anii, Elfdalian, Faroese, Icelandic

Ǝ ǝ (turned E): Anii, Bangolan, Bissa, Bura, Kanuri, Kposo, Lama, Lukpa, Ngizim, Tamahaq, Tamasheq, Turka, Yom

Ə ə (schwa): Awing, Bafut, Bulu, Daba, Dazaga, Dii, Ewondo, Fe’fe’, Gude, Kamwe, Kasena, Kemezung, Kpelle, Lyélé, Mada, Makaa, Manengumba, Mfumte, Mofu-Gudur, Mundang, Mundani, Ngas, Nso, Nuni, Parkwa, Tarok, Teda, Temne, Vengo, Vute, Yom, Zulgo-Gemzek

Ɛ ɛ (Latin epsilon): Abidji, Adele, Adjukru, Aghem, Ahanta, Ait Seghrouchen, Ait Warain, Aja (Benin), Akan, Anii, Anyin, Ayizo, Bafia, Bafut, Baka (Cameroon), Bambara, Baoulé, Bariba, Basa (Cameroon), Beni Snous, Bhele, Bissa, Boko, Busa (Nigeria), Central Atlas Tamazight, Cerma, Chakosi, Dagaare, Dan, Dangme, Dendi, Dii, Dinka, Djerbi, Duala, Dyula, Ewe, Ewondo, Ghomara, Iznasen, Kabyle, Kako, Kemezung, Kenyang, Kposo, Kyode, Lika, Lingala, Lupka, Maasai, Mandi (Cameroon), Manenguba, Mangbetu, Matmata, Mbelime, Medumba, Mzab-Wargla, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Noni, Nuer, Sanhaja de Srair, Shawiya, Shenwa, Shilha, Tarifit, Tem, Tigon, Turka, Yoruba, Zuwara

Ɣ ɣ (Latin gamma): Air Tamajaq, Dagbani, Dinka, Ewe, Kabiye, Kabyle, Kpelle, Kposo, Lukpa, Tamahaq, Tamasheq, Tawellemet, Wakhi

ɤ (ram’s horn/baby gamma): Dan, Goo

I ı (Dotless): Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Turkish

Ɪ ɪ (small capital): Kulango, Lomakka

Ɩ ɩ (iota): Bissa, Kabiye

Kʼ ĸ (kra): Inuttitut

Ł ł (L with stroke): Gwich’in, Iñupiaq, Kashubian, Navajo, Polish, Silesian, Sorbian, Venetian

Ŋ ŋ (eng): Aghem, Iñupiaq, Kemezung, Lukpa, Mandi (Cameroon), Medumba, Mundani, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Noni, Northern Sámi, Nuer, Skolt Sámi, Tem, Tigon, Wuzlam

Ɔ ɔ (open O): Aghem, Akan, Bafia, Baka, Bambara, Baoulé, Bariba, Bassa, Boko, Dii, Dinka, Duala, Dyula, Ewe, Ewondo, Kako, Kemezung, Kposo, Lika, Lingala, Maasai, Mandi (Cameroon), Manenguba, Mangbetu, Mbelime, Medumba, Mundani, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Nuer, Tem, Tigon, Turka, Yoruba

Œ œ: French, Lombard

Ʀ ʀ (small capital R): Alutiiq

ẞ ß (Eszett): German

Þ þ (thorn): Icelandic

Ɥ ɥ (turned H): Dan

Ʊ ʊ (upsilon): Anii, Anyin, Foodo, Lukpa, Tem, Yom

Ʌ ʌ (turned V): Dan, Ch’ol, Oneida, Temne, Tepehuán, Wounaan 

Ʒ ʒ (ezh): Aja, Dagbani, Laz, Skolt Sámi

Ɂ ɂ (glottal stop): Chipewyan, Ditidaht, Dogrib, Halkomelem, Kutenai, Lushootseed, Nuu-chah-nulth, Slavey, Thompson

Ꞌ ꞌ (saltillo): Central Sama, Mexicanero, Mi'kmaq, Nahuatl, Nawat, Rapa Nui, Tlapane

Tibetan script

The basic Tibetan abugida is formed by 34 letters: ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ ཨི ཨུ ཨེ ཨོ. Balti uses four additional characters:

ཫ: Balti

ཬ: Balti

ཁ༹: Balti

ག༹: Balti

[survivetoread]

Do you agree with the popular conclusion in western linguistics that vowel length is not phonemic in modern Marathi (even if it’s indicated in writing)? I went to Maharashtra for the first time during my last visit to India and I did notice that vowel length was a lot more ambiguous than I expected in all cases, but especially in the distinction between अ and आ. But the mutual intelligibility between Maharashtrian Marathi and my dialect, Thanjavur Marathi, is not great, so wtf do I know

This sounds like one of those things that we don't really pay attention to as native speakers, but would be very important for someone learning the language!

However, I do think that there is plenty of ambiguity between short and long vowels, especially इ/ई and उ/ऊ. The example that comes to mind for me is that the -वू suffix in Marathi, where say धावू नकोस is pronounced closer to धाउ नकोस.

I can't say I've noticed an ambiguity between अ and आ though. I think some examples might help there.

I'm no linguist, but this was a really cool ask! Thank you!