#LNG Infrastructure

[creativeera]

LNG Bunkering: The Rise of LNG as a Marine Fuel

State of Global Shipping Industry and Environmental Regulations The global shipping industry plays a vital role in transporting over 80% of world trade. However, it also has significant environmental impacts as ships predominantly use heavy fuel oil (HFO) which emits large amounts of sulfur oxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) gases that are harmful to human health and contribute to climate change problems. In order to reduce these emissions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced increasingly stringent regulations on the sulfur content of marine fuels. TheIMO's flagship maritime emission control area called IMO 2020 requires ships to use marine fuels containing maximum 0.5% sulfur content compared to 3.5% sulfur content cap earlier. This has proven to be a challenge for the shipping sector to meet the new norms and find alternatives to compliant low sulfur fuels in a cost effective way. Rise of LNG as an Alternative Marine Fuel Liquefied natural LNG Bunkering has emerged as one of the most viable alternative marine fuels to comply with IMO sulfur emission regulations. LNG burns cleaner with negligible sulfur and particulate emissions making it a compliant marine fuel under the new IMO rules. It also results in 20% fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to heavy fuel oil. Additionally, LNG is currently the most cost competitive and abundantly available alternative fuel compared to other options such as biofuels and hydrogen. Major advantages of LNG include reduced engine maintenance, longer service life and improved fuel efficiency of vessels. Global LNG trade has increased manifold in the last decade making LNG readily available for bunkering in main ports and shipping lanes worldwide. Growth of Global LNG Bunkering Infrastructure In order to facilitate the use of LNG as a marine fuel, LNG bunkering infrastructure needs to grow significantly from the current low levels. Major LNG Bunkering projects are currently underway in key bunkering hubs of North West Europe, USA, Australia and Asia Pacific. However, challenges remain with coordinating bunkering operations, developing standards for cargo handling, ensuring safety protocols and supplying LNG to smaller ports outside major trade lanes. Pioneering work is being done with mobile LNG bunker vessels and tank trucks that can offer bunkering services in ports that lack permanent infrastructure. International collaboration between governments, ports, shipping companies and energy majors will be crucial to scale up global bunkering and supply chains sustainably in this decade. Standardization bodies like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are working on comprehensive bunkering standards and guidelines. Initiatives like the GTOG Alliance aim to accelerate the take up of LNG and establish a global bunkering network by 2025. Economics of LNG Use in Shipping The viability and adoption of LNG as a marine fuel also depends significantly on the price competitiveness relative to conventional bunker fuels over the long run. Currently, LNG for shipping has some premium over high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) prices, though it is cheaper compared to the new compliant low sulfur alternatives. Ship owners also require to invest in expensive retrofitting and storage tanks for running ships on LNG. However, LNG prices have stayed stable and even corrected in recent times while HSFO and compliant fuel prices continue fluctuating sharply. As global LNG trade increases in volume and bunkering infrastructure expands, prices are expected to normalize further. Existing ships that get retrofitted for dual fuel engine capability can achieve payback on investment in 5-7 years and offer 20 more years of price stable operations. Newbuildings fitted with LNG propulsion enjoy faster payback and consistent long term savings. Overall, with stricter emission regulations, LNG is set to become increasingly competitive on commercial terms as well over the next decade for the global shipping sector transitioning to cleaner alternatives.

Get more insights on LNG Bunkering

Priya Pandey is a dynamic and passionate editor with over three years of expertise in content editing and proofreading. Holding a bachelor's degree in biotechnology, Priya has a knack for making the content engaging. Her diverse portfolio includes editing documents across different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. Priya's meticulous attention to detail and commitment to excellence make her an invaluable asset in the world of content creation and refinement.

(LinkedIn- https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-pandey-8417a8173/)

[eninrac-consulting]

The Global LNG Terminal Infrastructure: Key Players and Strategic Developments

Explore the dynamic landscape of Global LNG Terminal Infrastructure, highlighting the critical role of LNG Infrastructure in meeting global energy demands. Discover the significance of LNG Terminals in facilitating the storage and regasification of LNG, and learn about leading LNG Companies driving innovation and growth in the sector. This overview provides valuable insights into the strategic developments shaping the future of LNG and its infrastructure globally.

[head-post]

The division of Cyprus prevents it from exploiting its gas resources

The Republic of Cyprus is divided politically and ideologically, which poses problems for its gas exploitation plans.

Cyprus is located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, close to Israel, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon and Egypt.

This island is also very important geopolitically due to its position between Europe and the Middle East. Over the past 15 years, many offshore gas fields have been discovered in Cyprus. A lot of countries hope that with its gas, Cyprus will be able to have a greater impact in the Middle East.

Middle East expert Cosme Ojeda of Spain’s CEU University in San Pablo believes the gas fields could create an opportunity for regional peace and facilitate de-escalation of the conflict between Turkey and Greece over Cyprus.

“The gas fields have the potential to enormously increase the prosperity of everyone involved. This kind of pipeline projects can’t be realised alone and force opponents to work together.”

In the Middle East conflict, Turkey supports Hamas, while Cyprus has sided with Israel.

Learn more HERE

[electronalytics]

LNG Fuelling Station Market Key Players, End User Demand and Analysis Growth Trends by 2032

The LNG (liquefied natural gas) fueling station market has been experiencing significant growth in recent years. LNG is a cleaner-burning fuel compared to traditional petroleum-based fuels, making it an attractive option for various applications, especially in the transportation sector. Here's an overview of the LNG fueling station market:

Report Description:

Attribute

Description

Market Size

Revenue (USD Billion)

Market size value in 2022

USD 8.1 billion

Market size value in 2032

USD 17.3 billion

CAGR (2023 to 2032)

7.9%

Market Drivers:

Environmental Regulations: Stricter emission standards and regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have driven the adoption of cleaner fuels like LNG.

Cost-Effectiveness: LNG can offer cost advantages over diesel and gasoline, particularly in regions where natural gas is abundant and relatively inexpensive.

Energy Security: LNG provides an alternative fuel source, reducing dependence on imported oil and enhancing energy security.

Technological Advancements: Developments in LNG storage and handling technologies have made the construction and operation of LNG fueling stations more feasible and efficient.

Applications:

Heavy-Duty Vehicles: LNG is commonly used as a fuel for long-haul trucks, buses, and other heavy-duty vehicles, offering extended driving ranges and reduced emissions.

Marine Transportation: LNG is increasingly being used as a fuel for ships, including cargo vessels and ferries, due to its environmental benefits and compliance with stricter marine emission regulations.

Industrial Sector: LNG fueling stations are also utilized in industries where natural gas is a primary energy source, such as mining, manufacturing, and power generation.

Market Outlook:

Growing Infrastructure: Governments and private companies are investing in the development of LNG infrastructure, including fueling stations, to support the expanding demand for LNG as a transportation fuel.

Regional Expansion: LNG fueling stations are being established in various regions globally, with significant growth observed in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

Collaborations and Partnerships: Energy companies, fuel station operators, and vehicle manufacturers are forming strategic alliances to promote the adoption of LNG and accelerate the expansion of LNG fueling station networks.

Technological Innovations: Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving LNG storage and distribution technologies, enhancing station efficiency, and exploring the potential of liquefied biogas (LBG) as a renewable alternative to LNG.

Challenges:

Initial Infrastructure Costs: Establishing LNG fueling stations requires significant upfront investment, including storage tanks, dispensers, and safety measures, which can be a barrier to market entry.

Limited Market Awareness: Despite the environmental and economic advantages, there is still a need for greater awareness and education about LNG as a viable fuel option.

Regulatory Support: Governments can play a crucial role by providing supportive policies, incentives, and regulations that promote the adoption of LNG and facilitate the growth of the fueling station infrastructure.

Several key factors contribute to the growth and development of the LNG fueling station market. These factors include:

1.Environmental Regulations and Policies: Stricter regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting cleaner fuels have been a significant driver for the adoption of LNG as a transportation fuel. Governments and regulatory bodies are implementing policies and incentives to encourage the development of LNG infrastructure, including fueling stations.

2.Cost and Fuel Price Stability: LNG can provide cost advantages over traditional petroleum-based fuels, particularly in regions where natural gas is abundant and competitively priced. The stability of natural gas prices compared to the volatility of oil prices also makes LNG an attractive option for fleet operators and industries seeking fuel cost predictability.

3.Energy Security and Diversification: LNG offers an opportunity for countries to enhance their energy security by diversifying their fuel sources. This is particularly relevant for countries that have significant domestic natural gas resources but rely heavily on imported oil.

4.Advancements in LNG Technology: Technological advancements in LNG storage, transportation, and dispensing have made the construction and operation of fueling stations more efficient and cost-effective. Improved cryogenic storage tanks, vaporization systems, and dispensing equipment have contributed to the expansion of the LNG fueling infrastructure.

5.Increasing Adoption in Transportation Sector: The transportation industry, including heavy-duty vehicles and marine vessels, is increasingly adopting LNG as a fuel due to its lower emissions profile compared to diesel or gasoline. This demand from the transportation sector is driving the need for more LNG fueling stations to support the growing fleet of LNG-powered vehicles.

These key factors, along with ongoing technological advancements and supportive government policies, are expected to continue driving the growth of the LNG fueling station market in the coming years.

We recommend referring our Stringent datalytics firm, industry publications, and websites that specialize in providing market reports. These sources often offer comprehensive analysis, market trends, growth forecasts, competitive landscape, and other valuable insights into this market.

By visiting our website or contacting us directly, you can explore the availability of specific reports related to this market. These reports often require a purchase or subscription, but we provide comprehensive and in-depth information that can be valuable for businesses, investors, and individuals interested in this market.

“Remember to look for recent reports to ensure you have the most current and relevant information.”

Click Here, To Get Free Sample Report: https://stringentdatalytics.com/sample-request/lng-fuelling-station-market/2734/

Market Segmentations:

Global Electrical Bushings Market: By Company • ABB • Siemens • GE • Eaton • Nexans • Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited • CG Power and Industrial Solutions • Elliot Industries • Gamma • Gipro GmbH • Hubbell • Polycast International • RHM International • Toshiba • Webster-Wilkinson Global Electrical Bushings Market: By Type • Oil Impregnated Paper (OIP) • Resin Impregnated Paper (RIP) • Others Global Electrical Bushings Market: By Application • Utilities • Industries • Others Global Electrical Bushings Market: Regional Analysis All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Electrical Bushings market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America

Visit Report Page for More Details: https://stringentdatalytics.com/reports/electrical-bushings-market/2719/

Reasons to Purchase Electrical Bushings Market Report:

• To obtain insights into industry trends and dynamics, including market size, growth rates, and important factors and difficulties. This study offers insightful information on these topics.

• To identify important participants and rivals: This research studies can assist companies in identifying key participants and rivals in their sector, along with their market share, business plans, and strengths and weaknesses.

• To comprehend consumer behaviour: these research studies can offer insightful information about customer behaviour, including preferences, spending patterns, and demographics.

• To assess market opportunities: These research studies can aid companies in assessing market chances, such as prospective new goods or services, fresh markets, and new trends.

• To make well-informed business decisions: These research reports give companies data-driven insights that they may use to plan their strategy, develop new products, and devise marketing and advertising plans.

In general, market research studies offer companies and organisations useful data that can aid in making decisions and maintaining competitiveness in their industry. They can offer a strong basis for decision-making, strategy formulation, and company planning.

Click Here, To Buy Premium Report: https://stringentdatalytics.com/purchase/electrical-bushings-market/2719/?license=single

About US:

Stringent Datalytics offers both custom and syndicated market research reports. Custom market research reports are tailored to a specific client's needs and requirements. These reports provide unique insights into a particular industry or market segment and can help businesses make informed decisions about their strategies and operations.

Syndicated market research reports, on the other hand, are pre-existing reports that are available for purchase by multiple clients. These reports are often produced on a regular basis, such as annually or quarterly, and cover a broad range of industries and market segments. Syndicated reports provide clients with insights into industry trends, market sizes, and competitive landscapes. By offering both custom and syndicated reports, Stringent Datalytics can provide clients with a range of market research solutions that can be customized to their specific needs

Contact US:

Stringent Datalytics

Contact No -  +1 346 666 6655

Email Id -  sales@stringentdatalytics.com

Web - https://stringentdatalytics.com/

[supplyside]

Artic Voyager

[prachicmi]

LNG Bunkering: Enabling a Greener Marine Fuel Transition Drivers

LNG Bunkering capacity presents numerous technical and commercial challenges. Setting up shore-based bunkering terminals requires large capital investments and permitting from local authorities. Finding suitable port locations with adequate physical space and marine access is difficult. There are also safety considerations related to handling and transferring the cryogenic fuel between terminals and vessels.

Get more insights on, LNG Bunkering

(https://prachicmi.livepositively.com/lng-bunkering-the-future-of-greener-shipping/new=1)

[faultfalha]

The potential of Russia stretches far beyond what the world has ever seen before. Its capacities seem nearly endless, and yet the latest development has stunned even those with the most ambitious imaginations. Russia has identified an opportunity for the storage of 4.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide, a staggering amount. The implications of this advance are both awesome and unnerving. Already there's been talk of harnessing the power of carbon for a variety of commercial and industrial applications, but never on such a scale. To think that this many tons of carbon dioxide could be stored away with the potential of reaping a vast wealth of benefits is nothing short of extraordinary. The path to achieving this level of storage requires an impossibly intricate web of calculated efforts, and yet the possibilities resulting from such a venture have set minds to reeling. It would require a Herculean effort and an almost dizzying level of ingenuity, but the rewards it could bring are almost too irresistible to ignore.

[batboyblog]

Things Biden and the Democrats did, this week.

January 19-26 2024

The Energy Department announced its pausing all new liquefied natural gas export facilities. This puts a pause on export terminal in Louisiana which would have been the nation's largest to date. The Department will use the pause to study the climate impact of LNG exports. Environmentalists cheer this as a major win they have long pushed for.

The Transportation Department announced 5 billion dollars for new infrastructure projects. The big ticket item is 1 billion dollars to replace the 60 year old Blatnik Bridge between Superior, Wisconsin, and Duluth, Minnesota which has been dangerous failing since 2017. Other projects include $600 million to replace the 1-5 bridge between Vancouver, Washington, and Portland, Oregon, $427 million for the first offshore wind terminal on the West Coast, $372 million to replace the 90 year old Sagamore Bridge that connects Cape Cod to the mainland,$300 million for the Port of New Orleans, and $142 million to fix the I-376 corridor in Pittsburgh.

the White House Task Force on Reproductive Healthcare Access announced new guidance that requires insurance companies must cover contraceptive medications under the Affordable Care Act. The Biden Administration also took actions to make sure contraceptive medications would be covered under Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and Federal Employee Health Benefits Program. HHS has launched a program to educate all patients about their rights to emergency abortion medical care under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act. This week marks 1 year since President Biden signed a Presidential Memorandum seeking to protect medication abortion and all federal agencies have reported on progress implementing it.

A deal between Democrats and Republicans to restore the expand the Child Tax Credit cleared its first step in Congress by being voted out of the House Ways and Means Committee. The Child Tax Credit would affect 16 million kids in the first year and lift 400,000 out of poverty. The Deal also includes an expansion of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit which will lead to 200,000 new low income rental units being built, and also tax relief to people affected by natural disasters

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee voted for a bill to allow President Biden to seize $5 billion in Russian central bank assets. Biden froze the assets at the beginning of Russia's war against Ukraine, but under this new bill could distribute these funds to Ukraine, Republican Rand Paul was the only vote against.

The Senate passed the "Train More Nurses Act" seeking to address the critical national shortage of nurses. It aims to increase pathways for LPNs to become RNs as well as a review of all nursing programs nationally to see where improvements can be made

3 more Biden Judges were confirmed, bring the total number of Judges appointed by President Biden to 171. For the first time in history the majority of federal judge nominees have not been white men. Biden has also appointed Public Defenders and civil rights attorneys breaking the model of corporate lawyers usually appointed to life time federal judgeships

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Inside Climate News:

For the second time, a federal court struck down a regulatory agency’s authorization of two controversial, multi-billion-dollar gas export projects in far South Texas, one of which is already under construction. 

In an Aug. 6 opinion, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Washington, D.C. Circuit cited “the nature and severity of the flaws” in reviews by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission of the two proposed gas liquefaction and export complexes, Rio Grande LNG and Texas LNG, along with the associated Rio Bravo Pipeline. 

“Although we do not take this step lightly, the circumstances here require it,” the ruling said. “We appreciate the significant disruption vacatur may cause the projects. But that does not outweigh the seriousness of the Commission’s procedural defects.”

The court wrote that FERC failed in its analyses of environmental justice and climate impacts, air pollution modeling and procedural obligations. FERC and the developers now have 45 days to seek a re-hearing.  

The two complexes in question plan to pipe in Texas shale gas, condense it and load millions of tons per year onto tanker ships for sale overseas as liquified natural gas, or LNG. Each complex costs billions of dollars, spans hundreds of acres and makes up part of an ongoing boom in gas export projects along the Gulf Coast of Texas and Louisiana. 

Rio Grande LNG parent company NextDecade said in a statement it was “disappointed in the Court’s decision and disagrees with its conclusions.” 

The company added that construction continues on the first three liquefaction trains and related infrastructure at Rio Grande LNG near Brownsville and it will examine what impact the court’s order will have on future plans for added infrastructure.

The company announced last July it had secured investor funding to begin construction on its 750-acre, $18 billion facility. 

A spokesperson for Texas LNG, a smaller, adjacent project on the Brownsville Ship Channel that is yet to secure sufficient funding, said the ruling was a procedural decision to correct a technical deficiency, which they were still studying. 

“We have full confidence FERC will address this matter judiciously and efficiently and look forward to working with them on this important issue,” the spokesperson said in a statement.

Three small surrounding cities and the local water district have passed resolutions opposing the projects, situated between national wildlife refuges and atop wetlands. 

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil increases LNG purchases to offset hydroelectric decline

Faced with dwindling water reserves, Brazil is stepping up its purchases of liquefied natural gas to maintain power generation, increasing pressure on the global LNG market this winter.

Brazil, faced with historically low levels of its hydroelectric reservoirs due to prolonged heat waves, is turning massively to liquefied natural gas (LNG).

The country, which relies heavily on hydroelectricity for its power supply, must find alternative solutions to meet its energy needs.

In September 2024, Brazil imported around 280,000 tonnes of LNG, a figure that reflects a significant increase on previous months. This increased use of LNG comes at a time when the country must compensate for a significant drop in hydroelectric power generation.

Brazil’s growing energy needs, combined with a still-limited renewable energy infrastructure, are exacerbating this demand.

Continue reading.

[manilaxmiindustrial]

Why Are ASTM A420 WPL 6 Pipe Fittings Used in Low-Temperature Applications?

Benefits:

ASTM A420 WPL 6 pipe fittings are widely utilized in industries where low-temperature conditions are common. These fittings are specifically designed to offer superior strength, durability, and resistance to brittleness in extreme cold environments. Let's take a look at why they are preferred and where they are used.

1. Excellent Low-Temperature Performance

The standout feature of ASTM A420 WPL 6 pipe fittings is their ability to function reliably in low-temperature environments. Made from carbon steel and tested to meet stringent standards, these fittings resist becoming brittle or cracking when exposed to freezing or subzero temperatures. This makes them ideal for cryogenic applications and cold storage systems.

2. High Strength and Durability

Industries like petrochemical, oil & gas, and chemical processing demand equipment that can handle extreme stress while maintaining structural integrity. ASTM A420 WPL 6 fittings provide high strength and durability, making them suitable for pipelines that operate under high pressure in low-temperature conditions.

3. Corrosion Resistance

Though not inherently corrosion-proof, ASTM A420 WPL 6 pipe fittings are treated or coated to offer corrosion resistance. This is important when they are exposed to moisture, chemicals, or other harsh environmental factors, helping to ensure a longer service life in both industrial and commercial applications.

4. Versatile Applications

ASTM A420 WPL 6 pipe fittings are used in a wide range of industries, such as:

Oil & Gas: For transporting oil and gas in cold regions or offshore platforms.

Chemical Processing: Where low-temperature pipelines are essential.

Cryogenic Systems: For transporting liquids at very low temperatures, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).

These fittings come in various forms, including elbows, tees, reducers, and caps, offering flexibility for different piping system designs.

5. Compliance with Industry Standards

ASTM A420 WPL 6 fittings adhere to strict industry standards, ensuring that they meet the necessary mechanical and chemical requirements for low-temperature applications. Compliance guarantees that these fittings can handle the demands of critical infrastructure without compromising safety or efficiency.

Conclusion

ASTM A420 WPL 6 pipe fittings are essential for industries where low temperatures and high pressures come into play. With their strength, durability, and adaptability to harsh environments, they provide a reliable solution for industries requiring top-tier performance in cold climates. Their ability to maintain integrity in extreme conditions makes them a trusted choice for pipeline projects across a range of industries.

[yetisidelblog]

@upontheshelfreviews

@greenwingspino

@one-time-i-dreamt

@tenaflyviper

@akron-squirrel

@ifihadaworldofmyown

@justice-for-jacob-marley

@voicetalentbrendan

@thebigdeepcheatsy

@what-is-my-aesthetic

@ravenlynclemens

@writerofweird

@bogleech

[eninrac-consulting]

Half-Yearly Insights: Global LNG Terminal Infrastructure Opportunities | Eninrac Reports

Explore Half-Yearly Insights: Global LNG Terminal Infrastructure. Anticipating 80% growth by 2030, reaching 2700 MTPA. Opportunity analysis and trends.

[head-post]

Hungary refuses to give up its energy security for any political reasons

Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó said that Hungary’s gas supply strategy was determined solely by infrastructure.

At a conference in Bucharest on Wednesday, the minister emphasised that Budapest rejected the view that political issues could influence gas purchases.

The country’s gas procurement is limited by the existing infrastructure. The Hungarian Foreign Minister said at the Romanian International Gas Conference 2023:

You can’t transport gas in a backpack.

Szijjártó believes one of the reasons why Europe is facing energy supply problems is because the issue has been turned into an ideology. Hungary faces obstacles from Brussels and some EU member states unwilling to increase the capacity of the transport network in the region, despite the demand to diversify gas sources.

Read more HERE

[mariacallous]

With access to Russian gas via Ukraine set to be cut off in December, a major Slovak provider of the fuel has concluded a supply deal for 2025 with Polish energy giant Orlen.

When Ukraine’s contract to transit gas for its eastern neighbor, with which it is at war, via the Soyuz pipeline comes to an end, Kyiv will be unlikely to renew it.

European Union members at one stage received some 40% of all their gas from Russia. They have agreed to diversify away from Moscow, which has used its monopoly position to bring political pressure upon its customers.

In the case of Slovakia, its dependence on Russian supplies was absolute, and the country also made substantial profits by piping the gas on to other European nations.

“Bratislava is pushing Kyiv to renew the contract with the Russians beyond 2024,” Aura Sabadus of ICIS, an energy pricing service, told TVP World.

“Slovakia has been importing a lot of cheap gas from various routes and there is a strong likelihood that it is of Russian origin."

Referring to reported Slovak attempts this spring to source gas from non-Russian Caspian sea fields, Sabadus said: “This will almost certainly be Russian rather than Azeri gas that they receive.”

“Azerbaijan doesn’t have the volumes to cover this soaring demand, and I doubt Russia will allow [Azerbaijan] to use its infrastructure to transit gas to Ukraine,” said the energy expert.

“Meanwhile, if Poland’s energy companies miss out on the opportunity to sell more gas to Slovakia, they will end up with stranded infrastructure.”

The gas sent by Poland to Slovakia will originate from US shipments of liquefied natural gas (LNG) received at Lithuania’s port in Klaipeda on the Baltic coast. Orlen’s gas subsidiary PGNiG Supply & Trading will then regasify the raw material at the port and send it on to Slovakia’s second largest gas company, ZSE Energia.

The supplies sent via the Vyrava interconnector will represent about a third of the needs of ZSE, which provides gas to around one million homes in Slovakia, according to its website.

[supplyside]

LNG terminal