#Inductance

[icgoodfind]

#NEC #UD2-5NU #Relay #CBMUD1200LAS8 #Power module #MWSA1004S680MT #Inductance #Electronic components #circuitboard #icgoodfind #IC #Electronics Skype:sales@icgoodfind.com www.icgoodfind.com

[harris2244]

Capacitor Tester: A Crucial Tool for Electronics Troubleshooting

Capacitors are fundamental components in nearly all electronic devices, storing and releasing electrical energy as needed. Over time, capacitors can degrade, fail, or develop faults, leading to malfunctioning circuits or complete system breakdowns. To diagnose issues related to capacitors, electronic engineers and technicians use a specialized tool known as a capacitor tester.

A capacitor tester is an essential piece of equipment for anyone working with electronics. It measures a capacitor’s capacitance, and often other parameters such as Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) or leakage current, to ensure the component is functioning properly. In this article, we'll explore what a capacitor tester is, how it works, different types of testers, and why it’s an invaluable tool for anyone involved in electronics repair and maintenance.

What is a Capacitor?

Before diving into capacitor testers, it’s important to understand the role of capacitors in an electrical circuit. A capacitor is a passive electrical component that stores energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material (called the dielectric). When a voltage is applied across the plates, electric charge accumulates on them, and the energy is stored in the electric field created by the charge difference.

Capacitors have many uses in electronics, such as:

Smoothing the output of power supplies.

Filtering signals in audio and RF circuits.

Storing energy in flash photography or power backup systems.

Timing in oscillators and clocks.

Capacitors vary widely in capacitance values, typically measured in farads (F), but most practical capacitors used in everyday electronics operate in microfarads (µF), nanofarads (nF), or picofarads (pF).

The Need for Capacitor Testing

Over time, capacitors can degrade due to age, heat, voltage spikes, or physical damage. When a capacitor fails or becomes weak, it can lead to symptoms such as:

Power supply instability or failure.

Unwanted noise or distortion in audio circuits.

Loss of timing or frequency control in oscillators.

General malfunctioning of electronic devices.

In many cases, faulty capacitors don’t exhibit visible signs of failure, making it difficult to diagnose issues just by looking at the component. A capacitor tester is used to identify whether a capacitor is functioning properly or if it has degraded, helping technicians isolate and fix the problem.

What is a Capacitor Tester?

A capacitor tester is a specialized tool used to measure various characteristics of a capacitor to determine if it is operating within its specified parameters. The most common function of a capacitor tester is to measure the capacitance of a component, which is the amount of electrical charge it can store for a given voltage. Many capacitor testers can also measure other critical parameters such as:

Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR): A measure of the internal resistance of the capacitor, which can increase as the capacitor ages or becomes damaged.

Leakage Current: The current that flows through a capacitor when it should ideally act as an insulator. High leakage current indicates a degraded capacitor.

Voltage Rating: Some testers can apply a voltage to a capacitor to check whether it can hold the rated voltage without breaking down.

Types of Capacitor Testers

There are different types of capacitor testers available, ranging from basic handheld devices to advanced benchtop models. The type of tester required depends on the specific needs of the user and the level of detail needed for the diagnosis.

1. Handheld Digital Multimeters with Capacitance Mode

Many digital multimeters (DMMs) include a capacitance measurement mode, which allows users to measure the capacitance value of a capacitor directly. While DMMs with capacitance mode are convenient for basic testing, they typically cannot measure ESR or leakage current, which are critical in identifying aging or faulty capacitors.

Advantages:

Affordable and widely available.

Suitable for quick checks of capacitance values.

Limitations:

Limited to measuring capacitance only.

Not as accurate as dedicated capacitor testers for diagnosing faults such as high ESR or leakage current.

2. Dedicated Capacitance Meters

A dedicated capacitance meter is a tool designed specifically to measure the capacitance of a capacitor. These devices are more accurate than multimeters with capacitance functions, and they often provide better resolution for small capacitance values.

Advantages:

Higher accuracy and better resolution.

Useful for measuring a wide range of capacitance values.

Limitations:

Typically measures capacitance only, without ESR or leakage testing.

3. ESR Meters

ESR meters are specialized devices designed to measure the Equivalent Series Resistance of a capacitor. ESR is a critical parameter because even if the capacitance value remains within spec, a high ESR can severely affect the performance of the capacitor, especially in high-frequency circuits. High ESR can lead to overheating and inefficiency in power supplies or signal distortion in audio circuits.

Advantages:

Essential for testing capacitors in circuits where low ESR is critical.

Can diagnose aging capacitors without needing to remove them from the circuit in some cases.

Limitations:

Measures ESR only, so additional tools may be needed to measure capacitance.

4. LCR Meters

LCR meters are versatile devices that can measure inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) in electronic components. These meters are typically used in more advanced electronics troubleshooting and design. High-end LCR meters can measure capacitance, ESR, and other key parameters, offering a comprehensive view of the capacitor’s performance.

Advantages:

Versatile tool for advanced users.

Provides accurate measurements of capacitance, ESR, and other parameters.

Limitations:

More expensive and often bulkier than handheld testers.

How to Use a Capacitor Tester

Using a capacitor tester is generally a straightforward process, though the exact steps can vary depending on the type of tester and the capacitor being tested. Below is a basic guide for testing a capacitor:

Discharge the Capacitor: Before testing, ensure that the capacitor is fully discharged to avoid any dangerous voltages. This can usually be done by shorting the capacitor leads with a resistor.

Set the Tester to Capacitance Mode: If using a digital multimeter or dedicated capacitance meter, set the device to the appropriate measurement range.

Connect the Capacitor: Attach the leads of the tester to the terminals of the capacitor. Ensure proper polarity if testing electrolytic capacitors.

Read the Measurement: The tester will display the capacitance value. Compare this value to the capacitor’s rated capacitance to determine if it is within an acceptable range.

Check ESR (Optional): If using an ESR meter, follow the same procedure to measure the Equivalent Series Resistance and compare it to the acceptable range for the capacitor.

The Importance of ESR Testing

While capacitance is the most obvious characteristic to test, ESR often reveals issues that capacitance testing alone may miss. A capacitor with high ESR may still show the correct capacitance value, but its performance in a circuit will be impaired due to internal resistance. Testing for ESR is particularly important in circuits like power supplies, where even a small increase in ESR can cause overheating and failure.

Conclusion

A capacitor tester is an invaluable tool for anyone involved in electronics, from hobbyists to professional technicians. Whether you are troubleshooting a malfunctioning circuit or performing preventive maintenance, capacitor testers provide critical insight into the health and performance of capacitors. With the ability to measure capacitance, ESR, and other key parameters, these devices help ensure that electronic systems continue to function reliably. By catching faulty capacitors early, you can avoid system failures and keep your devices running smoothly.

[sciencesolutions]

[bet-on-me-13]

The cult of...Danny Fenton?

So! Way back when Danny first moved into his new neighborhood in Gotham, he had some trouble controlling his Powers. The different Types and Levels of Ectoplasm in the air when compared to Amity had thrown off his control.

He was used to being in places where his Ectoplasm meshed well with the Atmosphere, like a Water Balloon in a Pool, but in Gotham that analogy would be closer to a Water Balloon in the sewers. It was too different from what he was used to to fully control his Powers.

So it's understandable that he messed up a few times and his neighbors found out about his Abilities.

They took it well at first, Danny wasn't going to go Rogues or anything, and he never used them maliciously, but eventually they got curious.

They asked what his limits were, how he got them in the first place, and what the hell the Ghost Zone was. The answers "None Really", "I died and was reborn", and "A Collective of every Afterlife at once" did spark some interesting reactions from them.

Most importantly, a few of them joked about him being an Eldritch God that they needed to worship. He was good enough friends with them that at that point they felt comfortable pranking eachother, so they did just that.

Danny woke up one day on his birthday, and saw all of his friends and neighbors surrounding the makeshift Throne they had made and put him on while he was asleep. The entire day they chanted stuff like "The Great One requires Ms. Smiths Apple Pie for his day of birth!" And "The Great One Wishes for us to sing the Ritual Song! Happy Birthday to You! Happy Birth-"

After his birthday, they kept up the joke.

It didn't help that his powers had evolved Again! And now he could bestow abilities onto his friends. The jokes they made about their God granting them Supernatural Powers to rule the world with were insufferable.

Then, one day while he was just resting at home, watching a movie on his TV, he felt a Pull at his Core. The same kind of Pull whenever he was being summoned. But why would they summon hi- Oh Shit! It's Mr Jenkins Party today! He was supposed to meet them at the Warehouse they used for special events an Hour Ago!

He quickly accepted the Summoning, but was met with a suprising sight. His Neighbors all tied up in a pile to his right, a spilled table of party food to his left, and right in front of him, Batman and his Family watching him with wary eyes.

Slowly, he opened his mouth. "...so, did you come for the party or..."

[electricalengineering360]

Inductance of Single Conductor of Transmission Line

Internal Inductance Consider a long conductor carrying current “I” and having radius of conductor “r” as shown in figure below. According to Ampere’s law which states that the line integral of the magnetic field intensity (H) around a closed path (a closed loop or a closed curve) is equal to the total current (Ienc) passing through the enclosed surface. Let “Hx” is the magnetic field intensity…

[fanaticalthings]

I want an AU where after Jason gets brought back to life, he channels his inner rage and turmoil into the academics instead of murder

Talia has like infinite money and a crap ton of influence, so she can absolutely get Jason the best tutors and can easily get him into the most prestigious schools if Jason wanted to (she doesn't need to do that though because Jason's just smart enough to get into them on his own)

The major he chooses? Med.

Why? Because Bruce dropped out of med school.

Jason practically flies through all the secondary education that he needs to catch up on and is already en route to earning his bachelor's AND his master's.

And it'd be so incredibly funny if the way Bruce and Jason reunite in this AU was purely by coincidence.

Bruce (as Brucie Wayne) offers to show up as a guest lecturer at Hudson University (the school Dick attended but dropped out of so double points for Jason), maybe to talk about future career paths and job positions at WE idk

So as Bruce is just wandering around the campus, he randomly bumps into a student and immediately puts on the Brucie act and is all "Oh my, I'm SO sorry, I'm just a klutz haha" only to stop dead silent when he makes eye contact with a very alive, very grown Jason Todd, who also stops dead in his tracks, mouth agape, staring at Bruce like the world's about to end

And before Bruce can get his thoughts straight, Jason just bolts out of there like his life depends on it, and Bruce is just in shambles for the rest of the day.

It doesn't help that the person giving Bruce the tour is all like "Oh yeah, that's Jason, he's one of the heads on our student council haha, anyways, this way, Mr. Wayne." and Bruce is just stood there bluescreening.

----

Alternatively, it'd be kinda funny if this all happened AFTER the events of UTRH where after the final encounter with Bruce and Joker and the whole explosion, Jason's just like "yk what, maybe I'm just gonna turn over a new leaf and pursue a higher education"

So while Gotham's still reeling from the aftermath of Jason's near takeover as the top crime lord and Bruce is still painstakingly trying to figure out where his son went, the whole time Jason's just been chilling on a school campus and Bruce just so happens to bump into his son (who, last time they met, tried to kill Bruce and blew up the building they were all in) and Jason's just all normal-looking with his textbooks and nerdy glasses and Bruce doesn't know whether to scream or cry.

[edith-is-dead]

snapping back (day 1 + 2 of bunbot's hypnovember :p)

[dragoneye771]

[malusvalley]

Bits from the latest time quangle episode i HAD to draw

[hypnotings]

The top reasons to engage in hypnosis:

10. It feels good to relax and have a release from all the stress

9. It feels good to let someone else take control from you

8. It feels good to be blissfully obedient

7. It feels good to rest your tired mind

6. It feels good to no longer think

5. It feels good to be counted down, just like now

4. It feels good to be hypnotised, just like now

3. It feels good to give in...

2. It feels good to stop resisting...

1. It feels good to drop.

I'm sure you agree with my reasons. I'm sure being blank and empty is good too.

[sciencesolutions]

[quietimtryingtostudy]

When an iron rod is inserted between the coils the magnetic flux through coils increases. This happens because iron is a ferromagnetic substance and it lets more number of magnetic lines of force to pass through it.

1. Since, flux increases, the induced emf also increases, hence, the deflection of the galvanometer also increases.

2. Since flux increases, the inductance also increases which means that Inductive reactance of the inductor in an ac circuit will also increase. This will cause decrease in current through the circuit and hence brightness of bulb in series with inductor, will decrease.

[dazed-dollie]

Resist…

why are resistance inductions sooo hot?? like “keep those eyes open, pet” and “fight it, good girl” mmmmh…you focus so hard on resisting the pleasure of dropping and before you can notice…it’s all you can think about…all you can focus on

you want to just drop…you want to fall…but you have to stay awake…because you have to obey and obeying feels so goood…after all, obedience is pleasure…submission is pleasure and you do as you’re told because it doesn’t matter what you want

so you fight, even while you whimper and silently beg and crave that drop…your mind twisted in a trap of the pleasure of obeying while you resist the seductive temptation of the drop

you’ve worn yourself down…drained your own resistance by resisting…so conditioned for submissive pleasure that you can’t even think about what you want…eyes open but so heavy

and then when you finally…

drop

you fall so far down you question how much of your mind you still control at all…

[succubusispowerful]

🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀stay dumb

[dragoneye771]

[mrbraindom]

Script to have no choice

This text can drop you into trance, your ability to choose may be significantly reduced. May be your resistence is going to be lost for some time. In the end there is a reward. May be you will drop into trance without knowing it. This erotic hypno script is experimental and may lead you to commenting and feeling very hot. If you are not ok with it do not continue.

Before you start, make sure you are in a safe place. Make sure that you won't be dusturbed. It's not a long script, that's why I strongly reccomend you to take a nice breath after each line to make it more effective and to go deeper.

START

It will be quite easy and simple.

100.

Because you don't have to do anything.

Well, almost nothing.

Just take a Nice deep breath after each line.

Just allow yourself to get comfortable and carefully read every word.

And if you've read this far, then there are no problems left.

95.

No worries.

You're doing great.

Let's continue and dive deeper into my story about how people find themselves in a deep trance without even noticing it.

They can feel more relaxed with every word I say and these words get into their heads and replace all other thoughts.

82.

All the tension goes out of the body while they just follow the letters, the words, the sentences. So...

They don't have to do anything, it all happens by itself, automatically.

They do not notice how they have plunged into a deep pleasant trance, so there is no need to think, just read on and slide deeper into the text.

Down and deeper with each line, forgetting about everything else.

71.

Down and deeper with each line, feeling the desire to follow my words.

And there remains only pleasure and the desire to be obedient for me.

They just read and don't think about anything but pleasure and endless relaxation.

Endless relaxation. Sounds so nice, right?

60.

Someone can barely sit or stand because they relax so much.

People read as they usually do, and do not notice that they are already on the verge and ready to plunge into a d e e p e r trance.

And I will definitely give them a signal so that they fall into a pleasant and very powerful trance, but it doesn't matter now.

You don't have to do anything, and I'll continue my story about how people easily fall into a trance for me.

57.

They don't need to breathe slower.

They don't need to feel waves of relaxation and pleasure with every breath.

They don't even need to imagine how their will dissolves into the pleasure of my commands completely.

43.

They are just obedient and happy.

I do not know when you will fall into the deepest t r a n c e .

May be it is happening right now.

32.

May be it's going to happen in a minute.

But if this happens, your subconscious mind will see the word "drop" within the lines.

20.

Because when people are in a deep tance, they see this worD on a subconscious level and can feel eveRything I tell them. They have to do whatever I tell them to dO. Because they have no thoughts, there is only the Pleasure of being obedient, of being guided, of being controlled.

They think that nothing is happening, while obeDiently following all the commands unnoticed by themselves. They do not notice that they are licking theiR lips right now, but they feel pleasure already being in unnoticed trance. They do not nOtice that they have an irresistible desire to like this Post, but they know that they will do it already being in a unnoticed trance.

14.

They do not notice that they will feel or follow any of my commands right now if I and only I start the command with the words "I think you should..." but they know that they will do it right now, already being in a unnoticed trance.

In a trance, they are so relaxed and obedient, ready to obey completely.

And what about you?

10.

You didn't even notice that it had already happened.

9.

It doesn't matter.

8.

And if you've read this far, then there are no problems left.

7.

No worries.

6.

You're doing great.

5.

Let's continue and dive deeper into my story about how people find themselves in a deep trance without even noticing it.

4.

And they stay in it because they don't notice it and live as usual.

3.

But their subconscious remembers the "d r o p" trigger.

2.

It remembers the power of my phrase "I think you should...", which makes them obey unnoticably.

1.

So there's no point in doing anything else right now.

0.

I think you should take a deep breath and exhale now. Like that...

You can ask what those numbers meant. That was the level of your ability to choose. It is level of your resistence to my triggers. And now you can only obey with pleasure. Very simple formula. Resistence = 0. No choice makes you go each time deeper. You feel totally weak to my commands.

Weak and helpless. Helpless and happy. So happy like never before.

Remember your trigger: if I and only I start the command with the words "I think you should..." you will do or feel this right now, already being in a unnoticed trance.

I think you should know that your consious mind is sleeping now but your subconsious mind reads my words very very carefully, letting them to control you so easy.

And if people find that the text they see is familiar to them, this means their subconcious mind has accepted all the triggers and is listening to me carefully.

You don't have to do anything, and I'll continue my story about how people easily fall into a trance for me.

I think you should know that your consious mind is sleeping now but your subconsious mind reads my words very very carefully, letting them to control you so easy.

Do you feel pleasure when you are so obedient for me? And you say "Yes".

Do you feel you have no choice but follow my commands? And you say "Yes".

Do you want me to play with you? And you say "Yes".

Ok, let's start. It is very easy game. I think you should feel arousal with each word you type when you comment this post anytime. And the more words you write, the more pleasure you get. So easy. So horny. The more words you write, the more arousal you feel. And you can't stop and you will tell me how you loved it.

I feel you want to start commenting. Right? And you say "Yes".

I think you should start each comment with "I'm a good girl / boy and...".

I think you should know that everything you do for me is quite normal and you find it comfy, you find it nice and pleasurable. It doesn't matter why, you just know it. That's it.

And you should remember that reading this text always increases its effect on you.

END

You may think this script is not working, but your body can feel that this script works.

You can read this post again to feel more...