#Holtman

[empirearchives]

Councils of Prud'hommes

The Councils of Prud'hommes were a labour council created by Napoleon. As one of Napoleon’s many working class reforms, they were elected councils which solved disputes between workers and their employers.

Historian Robert B. Holtman called them “an early attempt at satisfactory management-labor relations in the new era of industrialization” and said “Through the councils of prud'hommes France became the first modern state to have a court for industry” (The Napoleonic Revolution).

First appearing in Lyon in 1806, conseils de prud'hommes were conceived as industrial justices of the peace that also developed a conciliatory approach while specialising in the regulation of economic activities. Proposals to establish such councils had already been formulated in the context of eighteenth-century conflicts between artisans and guild officials, in order to cope with the issue of subordination in labour relations. The need to establish local institutions to monitor labour relations had also been noted by the Constituent Assembly in 1791. But the creation of conseils de prud'hommes also resulted from powerful struggles led by workers over the revolutionary period. As noted by Guicheteau, it represented the outcome of multiple experiments led by different actors, most notably in Lyon, with the aim of applying revolutionary principles to the field of labour relations.

The councils’ officials were representatives elected from within trade communities—merchants, master-artisans and eventually also workers. Their success was also impressive, and new councils were soon created in other cities, so that by the end of the century they had spread throughout the country. In cities where prud'hommes remained absent, justices of the peace continued to deal with labour conflicts. Though at first also created to deal with commercial matters such as brand and quality control, prud'hommes rapidly narrowed their focus down to labour relations. It is crucial to note that, though they were ruling on individual disputes, their decisions had crucial collective implications.

Prud'hommes pronounced judgements and gave conciliatory advice on every aspect of labour relations, and thus played a pivotal role in the structuring of social relations of production. In doing this, they systematically refused to grant arbitrary powers to employers or to let unfettered market competition determine working conditions. A close analysis of prud'hommes’ decisions conducted by Cottereau clearly and amply confirms this. Whenever they felt that their rights were not respected, workers would appeal to these courts.

Employers were not granted the right to define individual tasks or the organisation of work. Methods of production could only be established by workers alone or jointly with employers, according to local trade usages, but could not simply be imposed from above by employers. Until the last third of the nineteenth century, prud'hommes objected to the establishment of all internal factory or workshop regulations that did not respect customary trade customs. In this, they were often backed up by municipal and regional political authorities.

Bargaining also took place within a framework defined by municipal policies and the decisions of conseils des prud'hommes, establishing minimum wages and tariffs; and whenever the bon droit was infringed upon, discussions, arguments and (sometime violent) conflicts emerged.

The point is not simply that the employers’ powers were importantly circumscribed. Over the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, such powers, at least in a unilateral form, were nowhere to be found. Prud'hommes and local or regional authorities justified their decisions and interventions by stressing the fact that issues pertaining to labour relations and the organisation of production were ‘public matters’. The separation of ‘economic’ and ‘political’ spheres specific to capitalism, which implies the privatisation of political powers to organise production, and their confinement to an ‘economic’ sphere, simply did not exist in France until the last decades of the nineteenth century, an authentic relationship of reciprocity characterised labour relations and was largely accepted, and sometimes even actively defended, by most employers, as well as by workers. As Cottereau explains, justices de paix and prud'hommes enforced, and helped to define the contours of, a moral economy, and this economy was at times also upheld by collective struggles.

The reason why so many historians have overlooked prud'hommes:

Importantly, these trade communities were also no longer backed by the central state. Sets of customary norms represented a kind of local and semi-clandestine legislation. Consequently, prud'hommes made sure not to over-publicize some of their decisions, as many could have been—and were, in fact, on relatively rare occasions, until the last third of the nineteenth century—recognised as illegal by superior law courts and high state officials and politicians. This partly explains why their crucial regulatory role within the nineteenth-century French economy has been so often ignored by historians.

Thus, for instance, after the central state’s intervention to abolish the tariffs set by Lyon’s municipal government for the silk industry in 1831, and following the popular revolts that ensued that same year and in 1834 (which will be discussed in the next chapter), the city’s prud'hommes continued to administer and to enforce piece rates clandestinely, with the support of the trade community and in direct opposition to the official liberalism.

Source:

Xavier Lafrance, The Making of Capitalism in France — Class Structures, Economic Development, the State and the Formation of the French Working Class, 1750-1914, ch. 3

[bspoquemagazine]

Baiuca, 2manydjs, Kabeaushé and Roosevelt led the line-up at SON Estrella Galicia Posidonia, the only TRUE Zero Waste festival in the world

The eighth meeting of music, nature, gastronomy, sustainable tourism and positive impact designed for those craving a different kind of festival experience was held last weekend in Formentera Nubiyan Twist, Tulsa, Rocío Luna, Violeta Veinte, Júlia Colom, Branko & Faizal Mostrixx, among others, also performed on the paradisiacal Balearic island Last weekend (4 to 6 October), SON Estrella Galicia…

[why-i-love-comics]

Marvel's Voices: Spider-Verse #1 - "Music For Uplifting Gormandizers" (2023)

written by J. Holtman art by Ken Lashley & Ceci De La Cruz

[afaims100arrowversefavs]

My 250 Favorite Arrowverse Episodes: Part 6: 125-101

Taken from „Arrow“, „The Flash“, „Supergirl“, „Legends of Tomorrow“, „Constantine“, „Black Lightning“, „Batwoman“, „Stargirl“ and Season 1-3 of „Superman & Lois“:

In honor of Seaosn 4 of "Superman & Lois" being the end of the Arrrowverse, the end of DCTV like we knew it and the end of The CW like we knew it, a final time before the final season all Seasons ends of all the 250 best Arrowverse Episodes (according to me):

I did include "Stargirl" this time, since it has as much connection as "Superman & Lois" to the rest of the Arrowverse, but One Hit Shows like "Gotham Knights" and "Naomi" (anyone still remember this one?) are not on this list, neither are Arrowverse unrelated DC shows:

125 .Reign (Supergirl 3x9)

The One in which: Reign beats Kara up at Christmas.

51, Written by: Paula Yoo, Caitlin Parrish, Directed by: Glen Winter

124. Turncoat (Legends of Tomorrow 2x11)

The One in which: Rip is brainwashed and terrorised Jax and Sara.

27, Written by: Grainne Godfree, Matthew Maala, Directed by: Alice Troughton

123. Running to Standstill (The Flash 2x9)

The One in which: The Trickster teams up with Weather Wizard.

32, Written by: Andrew Kreisberg, Directed by: Kevin Tancharoen

122. The Book of Apokalypse: Chapter 2: The Omega (Black Lightning 2x16)

The One in which: Jace tries to shoot Black Lightning and Jen comes into her own.

29, Written by: Charles D. Holland, Directed by: Salim Akil

121. Lawanda: The Book of Burial (Black Lighting 1x3)

The One in which: Anissa searches for herself and Kahlil gets shoot.

3, Written by: Jan Nash, Directed by: Mark Tonderai

120. The Book of Markovia: Chapter 4 (Black Lightning 3x13)

The One in which: Black Lightning and his team infiltrate Markovia.

42, Written by: Charles D. Holland, Asheleigh O. Conley, Directed by: Salim Akil

119. Dead to the Rights (Arrow 1x16)

The One in which: Tommy finds out the truth.

16, Written by:Geoff Johns, Directed by: Glen Winter

118. Star City 2046 (Legends of Tomorrow 1x6)

The One in which: Old Man Oliver meets the Legends.

6, Written by: Marc Guggenheim, Ray Utarnachitt, Directed by: Steve Shill

117. It’s a Super Life (Supergirl 5x13)

The One in which: Kara sees „What if?“-Episodes of her own life.

100, Written by: Robert Rovner, Jessica Queller, Derek Simon, Nicki Holcomb, Directed by: Jesse Warn

116. Truth and Consequences (Superman & Lois 2x11)

The One in which: Jon-El makes trouble.

26, Written by: Andrew N. Wong, Directed by: David Ramsey

115. Lowest Common Demoninator (Legends of Tomorrow 7x9)

The One in which: The Legends are stuck in an Reality-Show.

106, Written by: James Eagan, Emily Cheever, Directed by: Eric Dean Seaton

114. Broken Trust (Superman & Lois 1x6)

The One in which: Lois gains a new partner and Tag Harris is a new man.

6, Written by: Katie Aldrin, Directed by: Sudz Sutherland

113. Take your Choice (Batwoman 1x12)

The One in which: There can only be one.

8, Written by: Ebony Gilbert, Directed by: Tara Miele

112. An Un-Birthday Present (Batwoman 1x11)

The One in which: Kate gets her wish, but other than she expected.

11, Written by: Chad Fiveash, James Stoteraux, Directed by: Mairzee Almas

111. Deathstroke Returns/Promise Kept (Arrow 6x5-6)

The Ones in which: Slade asks Oliver for help concerning his son.

120/121, Written by: Ben Sokolowski, Spiro Skentos, Oscar Balderrama, Rebecca Belotto, Directed by:  Joel Novoa,  Antonio Negret

110. The Magnificent Eight (Legends of Tomorrow 1x11)

The One in which: The Legends meet Jonah Hex.

11, Written by: Marc Guggenheim, Greg Berlanti, Directed by: Thor Freudenthal

109. Back from the Future 1-2 (Supergirl 5x11-12)

The Ones in which: Winn is back, more than once.

98-99, Written by: Dana Horgan, Katie Rose Rogers; Rob Wright, J. Holtman, Directed by: David Harewood, Alexis Ostrander

108. Girls Night Out (The Flash 4x5)

The One in which: Iris‘ bachelorette party goes south.

74, Written by: Lauren Certo, Kristen Kim, Directed by: Laura Belsey

107. The Ex-Factor (Legends of Tomorrow 6x3)

The One in which: Zari fights for the throne.

85, Written by: Grainne Godfree, Tyron B. Carter, Directed by: David Geddes

106. A Girl Named Sue (The Flash 6x12)

The One in which: We meet Sue Dearborn.

126, Written by: Thomas Pound, Lauren Certo, Directed by: Chris Peppe

105. Impulsive Exessive Disorder (The Flash 8x6)

The One in which: Nora and Bart stumble in the Pilot.

157, Written by: Thomas Pound, Directed by: David McWhirter

104. The Satanist’s Apprentice (Legends of Tomorrow 6x5)

The One in which: Astras goes Disney Princess.

87, Written by: Keto Shimizu, Ray Utarnachitt, Directed by: Caity Lotz

103. Cause and XS (The Flash 5x14)

The One in which: Nora is stuck in a time loop.

106, Written By: Todd Helbing, Jeff Hersh, Directed By: Rachel Talalay

102. Cause and Effect (The Flash 3x21)

The One in which: Barry can’t remember anything.

67, Written by: Judalina Neira, Lauren Certo, Directed by: David McWhirter

101. Armageddon Part 4 (The Flash 8x4)

The One in which: Barry lives a nightmare.

155, Written by: Lauren Barnett, Directed by: Chad Lowe

[kaylinalexanderbooks]

Find the word

Thanks @i-can-even-burn-salad for the tag!

My words: bring, cling, sing, ring

Your words: can, man, tan, ran

Tagging with no pressure @mk-writes-stuff @blind-the-winds @little-peril-stories @sarandipitywrites @sarahlizziewrites @eccaiia @sleepywriter00 @gottestod-writes @gothamxwattpad @willtheweaver @mysticstarlightduck @aalinaaaaaa @cowboybrunch @poethill @finickyfelix @ohnomybreadsticks @dyrewrites + ANYONE

TSP intro

TSP tag list (ask to be +/-): @thepeculiarbird @illarian-rambling @televisionjester @finchwrites

Keep reading for:

George is about to find out his power (flashback)

Carla and Carmen scene I'm kinda proud of

Someone is figuring things out

Oh no Carla is hurt

Bring - from The Secret Portal Part Two (George POV)

I leaned back in the chair, exhaling my annoyance. Jef Holtman was one of my father’s closest allies. They may have been friends, but I was only four when Dad died, so I only had other people telling me they were. I couldn’t imagine why my own father would like someone like Dr. Holtman. The one who hated my sister for supposedly being Inutilia. Eventually, I pulled out my tablet and tried to read. One of the teenagers, Isananika, teleported in at one point to take Eliza to bed so Damian could stay with me as long as he needed. The hour dragged on until finally, the APTA machine beeped to signal it was done processing the information. Damian yawned and wiped the sleep out of his eyes as he examined the results. My heart pounded. I could be a chronokinetic. It was a small possibility, but I hoped that was the case so I could help Carla. But maybe I would have intangibility, which was cool but not something that seemed particularly useful for the predicament. Maybe healing would be able to help Carla. The healers we did have couldn’t do anything, but maybe there was a way I could figure it out. Teleportation? Maybe I could find a chronokinetic and bring them here. Telepathy could help me communicate with Carla. Superstrength didn’t seem useful. Dad was working on using superspeed to reverse chronokinesis, so that would be helpful. Flight wasn't helpful, neither were any of the elementals. Maybe if I had dimensiokinesis, I could find a universe where they had more chronokinetics— “George!” Damian’s voice got me out of the mind spiral I found myself in. I realized I was sweating, and my heart was pounding.

“How did you know about that?” “Carla—Miss Baxter, I knew you growing up. You’re supposed to be twenty. You’re a chronokinetic—it doesn’t take a genius to put three and one together.” Carmen removed the sampling tube to place it into the computer. “Furthermore, Jedi and I did find your brother’s journal detailing his process to save you.” “You read George’s journal without his permission?!” “No, we asked him. He agreed we could see it. It’s not like your being frozen in time should be a secret. It’s not a big deal.” Carla fiddled with her hands. Maybe, but still, that time still haunted her. “Your father was actually working on a similar formula, in a complete coincidence. But Raissa Kamanzi was attempting to replicate a chronokinetic’s power, so he decided to try to counter it. He didn’t complete it.” “Why not?” “November 13, 2010.” Carla felt as if her blood had been frozen by a hydrokinetic. “That’s the day he left.” “I thought you’d remember.” “He was very angry. I never found out why.” Carmen’s back was turned, but Carla felt the tensity in the air. Carmen knew why, but Carla decided to back down. “Can I tell you something?” Carla asked, adjusting her glasses before returning her right hand to her lap to clasp the left. “After Pia died… I really missed you. You were a defining part of my life then. And… I’d like you to still… be that.” Carmen didn’t answer. She just stood and waited for the computer to finish its analysis.

Cling (how have I not used this??) Clasp - The Secret Portal Part Two

Spoilers in purple italics

Sing - from The Secret Portal Part One

“Hm,” Charlie mused. She set her tablet down and turned back to the hologram, zooming further in on the Numu district until the Tue Peena’yakoróo forest took up the screen. She scrolled toward the Taabe Village, keeping her eyes on the trees. She stopped when her eyes landed on a blob in the center of the hologram. She clicked on it to expand, and the hologram shifted its view to the front of the building. The program she had up automatically brought up all of the information she needed to know. It was registered under an unfamiliar name. She clicked on it, revealing a man who appeared to be of Tribus origin. He was apparently an ultimate—when he was alive. He’d been dead for nearly thirty years. Charlie scrolled down to his known relatives. He never married, never had kids. He had a sister—but she was under maximum security. He did, however, have a niece. Charlie clicked on her name, and a young woman around eighteen materialized in front of her. Apparently, that was the most recent picture, since she was supposed to be in her late forties by now. She disappeared a few months prior to her uncle’s death. Charlie saved the woman’s information, uploading it into a file to send to her superior. She pressed the comm button on her desk. “Oh, Rhe-ett,” she said in a sing-song. “You know how I have the most boring job in TRA?” “It’s hard not to know when you keep reminding me every day,” Rhett growled over the comm. “Check your inbox.” There was a pause before Rhett said, “What does she have to do with anything?” “I’ll explain in full later—maybe at the next meeting. Just put all available assets on this Carmen Asghar. I think she might be a lead in something big.”

Ring - from The Secret Portal Part Two

Carmen slid her glasses back on. “That black smoke can change atomic structure, but without being able to control her powers, I cannot provide an accurate enough sample to test what is going on.” “How have her powers worked before?” “She had to get angry.” “So…” Jedi gestured to Carmen to fill in the blank. “Making her angry doesn’t seem too hard,” Carmen muttered, crossing her arms. “Maybe I have to—” She stopped at the opening of the door, jumping to her feet at the sight that entered. “What happened?” George Baxter was setting his sister on one of the examination tables before Carmen finished her query. “We were in group training. Ash accidentally sent out a psychic blast, and it hit Carla.” “Accidentally?” Carmen spat, struggling to find the telepathic monitors. George suddenly had them in his palm, handing them to her, and she took them, placing them in the points around Carla’s head. “How does one accidentally hit someone with a psychic blast?” “Well, she did intentionally create the blast,” George explained as Jedi dragged over the psychic wave monitor. “But I think she only did it as an attempt to get out of Carla’s power.” Carmen paused for a split-second at the monitor before resuming. “She was able to break out of a chronokinetic’s hold? Psychically?” “I think so,” George said, his hand reaching up to twist his father’s ring that hung around the chain on his neck in concern.

[aliceramblesonnerdity]

ALRIGHT BITCHES. WE BACK. HES BACK.

MY FAVORITE HERO IS BACK YALL

Off the bat, the cover is beautiful but the redesign SUCKS. It's just close enough to the original for the changes to just look wrong.

The cover IS a nice homage to his original mini, so I can't complain there, but redesigning a mask that has importance to his character is... Odd.

Perfect interior art imo. And Roubpheap is here and.. I definitely didn't shed a tear over Chord being dead... Nope...

Kicking screaming crying forgetting batman ever existed. The Taylor-Chord family never being used is why I settle for the Batfamily being my favorite. These pages are so good, I missed Dwayne, I missed Roubpheap, I'm glad they're dealing with Thrash's survivors guilt.

When this was announced I was terrified they'd assassinate the characters but so far Sil is as strong and badass as ever, Dwayne still is Dwayne at his best and worst... It's perfect so far.

Reading further ahead, a gang of kids rob a gentrified area of Harlem, Dwayne tries to catch them but the cops detain him because... Y'know ... He's black. And that's what cops do (hoping we see Midnight's Fire some how return but who knows) I do enjoy when Superhero stories tackle the themes of the struggles of the oppressed, from the perspective of the oppressed. I'm a huge Milestone fan and this makes me feel right at home.

Also this is what leads Dwayne to start considering not shutting down the Foundation, to be able to play the system against the cops and systemic issues THROUGH the foundation. Batman comics could learn A LOT from this book.

They've maintained Silhouette as a core character which I love. I love that she's as bad ass as the 90's made her, it really makes me mad that we don't get representation like her anymore. Tho on the next page Dwayne just starts listing off teammates who... Aren't in the picture? That pic is rage, Microbe, Sil, Thrasher, and Firestar. The next page he lists Donyell, Namorita, rage and microbe which... I mean sure, but the inconsistency is odd, and what about Speedball?

Rage is the BBEG! Interesting, he's not like... Evil evil. But he's the antagonist here which like... This guy was IMPORTANT to the original Warriors run.

The sins? Of his past?? IN THIS ECONOMY???

Ok ok, no onto the Sihloette back up!!!

It still hurts to see Chord like this, having grown up reading New Warriors omnibus from the library CONSTANTLY. I'm so thankful they're focusing on the family dynamics here.

That's basically all of the issue. It's everything I could have asked for. Everyone is here that should be, it's dealing with exactly the themes of hope for, and everyone is characterized perfectly. I adore this book. I'm definitely going to try to find more of Holtman's work in the future.

[magz]

tagged by @hematophag

last song: world end dominator by ZTS. then Taishi playlist of songs kinda watching: infinity train with magz friend reading:

all of Nagata Kabi's graphic novel books. -

"unfuck your mental health paradigm: unpacking individual trauma and societal systems of power" by Dr. Faith G. Harper -

"Sick: a compilation zine on physical illness" edited by Ben Holtman - (magz bad at stay same read 1 at time n attention process, but are relative short or have image ) current obsession:

trying put magz life together on post-magz new year, bit by bit. struggling. n dangling prize. waaah. -

even trying read stuff again, doing diy language comprehension therapy, trying walk closeby outside when sun, trying get pharmacy stuff. when can. overwhelming bit. -

kitties.

tagging: @meatcute @xiaoguiwang @dongfangxunfeng @teehee @xemnas @strangeauthor @sistervirtue

[usafphantom2]

Commercial tanker refueled USAF fighters that were going to exercise in Singapore

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 11/16/2023 - 16:00 in Military

The U.S. Air Force conducted its first air refueling of combat aircraft using a commercial tanker on November 6.

The commercial resupply of the F-16 Fighting Falcons from Osan Air Base in South Korea took place as part of the joint Commando Sling 23 exercise conducted in Singapore. The bilateral training event with the Air Force of the Republic of Singapore is sponsored by the Pacific Air Forces and aims to improve the way the island nation operates with the United States.

This air refueling marked a major step forward in the efforts of the U.S. Air Force to expand this capacity. For several years, the service has considered increasing its refueling operations with commercial tanker aircraft. Earlier this year, a commercial tanker refueled an E-3 Sentry and an RC-135 Rivet Joint during an Air Combat Command exercise, the service reported in a statement on November 9.

This month's refueling during the Commando Sling was carried out by a KDC-10 aircraft, the service said, and the photographs showed that the tanker carried the Omega Air Refueling markings. The Virginia-based company, formed in 2004, has been the U.S. Navy's main contractor for commercial refueling services since 2007. It also supported the air forces of U.S. allies, such as Australia and NATO nations.

Lieutenant Colonel Curtis Holtman, head of air mobility operations for the Pacific Air Forces, said this refueling served as a “proof of concept” to show that a commercial tanker can fuel U.S. Air Force fighters during exercise and training, while keeping its own tanker planes available for real-world operations.

“If we can use commercial air refueling to cover movements from point A to point B for participation in exercises throughout the unit's readiness training, this will free up our fleet of combat tanker planes to be ready to respond to emerging contingency requirements,” Holtman said. "This is another mechanism that we can take advantage of to increase the readiness of our fighters."

Photographs showed at least four F-16 jets from the 36º Osan Fighter Squadron flying alongside the Omega tanker on the way to Singapore. The KDC-10 can carry up to 247,000 pounds of fuel to fuel other aircraft.

Holtman said that this tanker carried more than 40 passengers and four cargo pallets to show how it can also perform air transport missions. The KDC-10 can carry up to 100,000 pounds of cargo or passengers.

Holtman said that commercial tankers should also refuel the F-15C Eagle and F-22 Raptor fighters when the exercise ends.

Tags: Military AviationKDC-10Omega AirREVOUSAF - United States Air Force / U.S. Air Force

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has work published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. Uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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Cavok Brazil - Digital Tchê Web Creation

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[fabioperes]

FIAT TORO ENDURANCE 2025 review completo e preço #fiat #fiattoro #caminhonete Essa é a versão mais barata do Fiat Toro 2025 turbo flex. Obs: O valor poderá sofrer alteração a qualquer momento, verificar a data de publicação do vídeo. Chama no zap e garanta o seu FIAT 📲(19) 3772-2000 Ou acesse www.fiatvalverde.com.br ✅PENSOU FIAT, PENSOU VALVERDE 📍Campinas - Av. das Amoreiras 2605 ☎️(19) 3772-2000 📍Paulínia - Av. José Paulino, 2297 ☎️(19) 3833-6666 📍Jáguariúna - R. Doutor Clemente Holtman, 411 ☎️(19) 3847-7777 📍Amparo - R. Polônia, 165 ☎️(19) 3817-9999 FICHA TÉCNICA COMPLETA https://ift.tt/be0VMN2 via YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8-g1ibU0iU

[the-paintrist]

The Consulate (French: Le Consulat) was the top-level government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804. By extension, the term The Consulate also refers to this period of French history.

During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul (Premier consul), established himself as the head of a more autocratic and centralised republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history." By the end of this period, Bonaparte had engineered an authoritarian personal rule now viewed as a military dictatorship.

Marie-Guillemine Benoist, born Marie-Guillemine Laville-Leroux (December 18, 1768 – October 8, 1826), was a French neoclassical, historical, and genre painter.

Portrait of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte by Marie-Guillemine Benoist

[fox-in-the-library]

A droll talking blues with some classic throwaway lines. Occasionally I mutter to myself that Holtman didn't have nothing better to do ...'cept ranch.

[empirearchives]

Napoleon and Nicolas Appert: The invention of canned food

“Although he [Napoleon] continued so far as possible the Revolutionary practice of having armies live off the land, he also did his best to develop an efficient commissariat. A famous part of his supply system was canned food, particularly meat, for the army. Nicholas Appert had started the food-canning industry in 1804, building a factory that employed fifty people. His method prescribed putting the food in glass jars, which were next carefully stoppered, and then cooked in boiling water for lengths of time varying with the type of food. The navy first used the canned food, with great success even on extended cruises. In 1810 the Minister of the Interior awarded Appert 12,000 francs on condition he make his process public.”

— Robert B. Holtman, The Napoleonic Revolution

The inventor of canning, Appert, deposited samples of his invention to the imperial government in 1809, specifically to the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry [Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale].

He published his findings in 1810, titled: Le livre de tous les ménages ou l'art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les substances animales et végétales [English tr: The Art of Preserving All Kinds of Animal and Vegetable Substances For Several Years]. It was “a work published by the order of the French Minister of the Interior, on the report of the Board of Arts and Manufactures”.

For his discovery, the government paid him 12,000 francs and gave him free lodgings and a workshop in the Hospice des Quinze-Vingts. Every prefecture in the French Empire was supplied with a copy of his book, and the prefects were assigned the responsibility of disseminating the information widely. Two more editions were created under the empire, and another in 1831.

His factories were ransacked and destroyed during the invasions of France in 1814 and again in 1815. He was able to rebuild and won several gold medals from the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry and eventually became a member of the Society.

Appert is quoted as saying “I sacrificed everything for humanity, all my life”.

Additional Sources:

English translation of Appert’s 1810 publication

Nicolas Appert inventeur et humaniste, Jean-Paul Barbier, 1994 (Fondation Napoléon)

Collection A. Carême: Le conservateur 1842 (archive.org)

Defining Culinary Authority: The Transformation of Cooking in France, 1650-1830 by Jennifer J. Davis

[protectlenaluthor]

J. Holtman, one of the writers of tonight’s episode “The Missing Link", about Katie McGrath (x, x, x)

[why-i-love-comics]

Marvel's Voices: Spider-Verse #1 - "Music For Uplifting Gormandizers" (2023)

written by J. Holtman art by Ken Lashley & Ceci De La Cruz

[greenacres]

Life Happens

So life throws curveballs. Last week in the interest of mental health my BFF and I took a sick day and spent the day together eating and shopping and enjoying some wine.

We live in a great city that offers plenty to do even during the time of the Covid. We started our day at Holtman’s Donuts. Y’all I got into a Holtman’s for the first time ever!! The OTR location is not wheelchair accessible. The winning donut of the day was the Pumpkin Cinnamon Sugar. OMG melt in your mouth good.

After Holtman’s we hit up a new (to us) store - At Home. I want to know what in the name of Black Swan and Zsa Zsa Gabora caused these “trees” to be created.

After that we did some more shopping at Trader Joe’s. The line was decent but it did not stop us and we left $60+ poorer than when we entered. Ignore my short girl photography but there was no ramp at the end of the sidewalk so I was hanging out in the curb lane.

And finally the best part of the day was lunch at Senate OTR! We hadn’t been there in possibly a year and they had just reopened Post-Covid shutdown. They are doing great things with social distancing and the “Carol Baskin” hot dog was DELISH! Oh and the wine was pretty dang good too. Not pictured the scrumptious bacon fat fries that you can only get on Fridays.

So, if you have stuck around this long, moral of this very long post is that shit happens. It’s how we get through it, together, with people who love us that makes the difference. This was the best use of a sick day. We laughed, we complained, we shared meals. And I’d like to think that when we both went home we felt a hell of a lot better about ourselves. I know I did.

[salad-gold]