#Helmut Schulze

[rwpohl]

tatort 088: schlußverkauf, wilm ten haaf 1978

[albannikolaiherbst]

Geschafft. Und schwimmend nun - ACT sei gedankt - in Duos von Wollny und Kühn. Wenn auch der Schädel Schillers neu eine Rolle spielt.

           Hat jetzt doch länger gedauert, als ich erst glaubte. Ich hatte sogar gedacht, früher fertig zu werden als sonst, weil ich Elster ja schon kannte. Aber die dortigen online-Formulare verändern sich von Jahr zu Jahr, wie mir ein Mitarbeiter an der Hotline, sagte; nicht grundlegend zwar, aber doch spürbar. Und wo ich nach Inhalten buchführe – “Reisen”, “Bankkosten” “Bewirtungen”, “Büro”,…

[kitsunetsuki]

Helmut Newton - Outfits by Susan Small & by Bob Schulz (Vogue UK 1965)

[60sfactorygirl]

Jean Shrimpton photographed by Helmut Newton in an almond pink wool coat by Bob Schulz for Vogue UK, 1966.

[fabiansteinhauer]

Kulturtechnik und Souveränität I

1.

Wie Joseph Beuys einmal Baader und Meinhof über die documenta führen wollte, so würde ich Thomas Vesting einmal über den Chorus (die Tanzfläche) und durch die Szenen der Kulturtechnikforschung führen. Er weiß nicht, was da passiert, ich stelle ihm gerne mal die vielen Forschungsprojekte vor, die vor und nach 2010 von Vismann angeregt wurden. Lädt man einen Staatsrechtslehrer ein, um etwas über Kultur und Technik zu erzählen, dann bekommt man einen Staatsrechtslehrer. Er wird vermutlich eines seiner Schemata mitbringen, völlig zu recht, denn man hat einen Staatsrechtslehrer eingeladen, keinen Tanzlehrer oder Fernsehkoch. Er wird zum Beispiel das Schema Freiheit und Sicherheit mitbringen oder das Schema Staat und Gesellschaft oder das Schema Macht/Machtverlust oder Ermächtigung und Entmachtung oder staatliche Souveränität gegen liberales Vertrauen oder Staat gegen Individuum. Es war darum zu erwarten, dass Thomas Vesting nach Tübingen kam und so über den Chorus (die Tanzfäche) und die Szenen der Kulturtechnikforschung sprach.

Zwei Modelle mit ladeurschem Überraschungsgehalt brachte Thomas Vesting also mit, um auf einer Tagung in Tübingen das erste mal über die 'andere' Medientheorie des Rechts zu sprechen.Vesting hat nun (endlich) deutlich gemacht, warum er solange die Auseinandersetzung mit Cornelia Vismann umging und warum er sie auch weiterhin umgeht. Vismann bescheinigt er ein kittleristisches und einseitiges Vorgehen, mit dem seltsamen Lob verbunden, sie sei sehr fruchtbar und hilfreich gewesen. Man muss ergänzen: Nur nicht für ihn, denn Spuren sieht man davon kaum. Vesting kam, sah und brachte die erwähnten Modelle mit, die gleichzeitg Diagnosen einer Kulturtechnikforschung sein sollten. Er sah zwei Richtungen, eine davon, die er weite Teile um Kittler nennt, hält er für dominant in der Szene. Seiner Meinung entspricht sein erstes Modell dieser einen Richtung. Seiner Meinung nach ist sie kontinentaleuropäisch (das grenzt er in seinen Büchern vom anglo-amerikanischen Modell ab), staats- und machtfixiert, denke hierarchisch und sei dem Alten verhaftet. Das zweite Modell setzt nach Vesting auf gesellschaftliche Selbstorganisation und Heterarchie und wird der Kreativität, dem Neuen und dem Umgang mit Ungewissheit besser gerecht, das sei sein bevorzugtes Modell. Das erste Modell schlägt nach Vesting die Macht auf die eine Seite, den Machtverlust auf die andere Seite, das andere Modell vertraut den Betten, genauer und mit seinen Worten gesagt gesagt der Einbettung und inkrementellen Prozessen. Mutlos verkürzt kann man das Schema, aus dem heraus die zwei Modelle entwickelt sind, das grün-gelbe Schema oder aber das Habeck-Lindner-Schema nennen, kennt es von Anne Will und so. Andere Rechtswissenschaftler,schon Zivilrechtler oder Strafrechtler, würden andere Schemata mitbringen, etwa Преступление и наказание oder Miete vs. Kauf.

Der Clou des stattlich (!) schematisierten Auftrittes sollte u.a darin liegen , die Autorin, die Helmut Schulze-Fielitz im genealogischen Bäumchen (Fichte!) der Staatsrechtslehrervereinigung als Vestings Schülerin oder (Kuckucks-)Ei eingezeichnet hat, also Cornelia Vismann, als verkappte, grün-unreife Staatsrechtslehrerin darzustellen, die die Möglichkeiten einer kreativitäsorientierten Rechtskulturtheorie nicht ausgeschöpft hätte. Kann man so sehen (man muss dazu allerdings erst einmal auf die Idee kommen, das ist schwierig). Muss man aber nicht. Gleich vorab: da hat der Vesting die Vismann ausgebügelt und platt gemacht, gleichzeitig einen ihrer Texte zur Sprungfeder für eigene, hoch gedachte aber gleich im Start nicht abhebende Flugversuche gemacht.

Tut mir leid, aber nur limitiert leid, ich sehe keine Grund, Passion nicht in Aktion zu verwandeln. Da hat Vesting eine Chance verpasst. Will ich ihm mal zeigen, was noch so geht, das schulde ich ihm, denn erst geben die Eltern den Kindern Geschenke (etwa eine Gummiente), dann zahlen die Kinder die Rente. Der genealogische Tausch ist ein Tauschgeschäft. Vesting bekommt nun etwas zurück.

2.

Man kann sagen, das Vismann eine verkappte Staatsrechtslehrerin war und die Möglichkeiten kreativer Kulturtheorie nicht ausgeschöpft hat. Das geht, dafür gibt es u.a. eine Kulturtechnik, die Signatur. Die Signatur ist eine Kulturtechnik mit Autorenfunktion. Sie verbindet Positionen mit Namen, damit auch Realitäten oder Ansichten mit Personen. Die Welt ist so und ich weiß es, weil es bei X steht: So ein Satz arbeitet mit einer Signatur. So ein Satz auch: Aus der Position von Y stellt sich die Welt so da. Signieren kann man vom Autorisieren und vom Subjektivieren unterscheiden, ob das eine ohne das andere vorkommt, das ist bestens fraglich, vermutlich. Signieren gehört zur juristischen Methode. Juristen unterschreiben und sagen sogar nach Vorträgen anderer, ob sie das, was da gesagt wurde, unterschreiben können oder aber nicht unterschreiben können. Juristische Methoden sind dem Recht eigen, haben an seiner Eigenkraft Anteil, an seinen Eigenwerten (Eigen-Values), an seinen Eigentümlichkeiten, produzieren sogar (geistiges) Eigentum im Rahmen ihrer Eigenheiten, sind teils Teil eines epistemischen Monopols, einem Wissen, das Juristen als autonom oder aber autopoietisch reklamieren. Juristische Methoden werden von Juristen für einzigartig reserviert gehalten, Ohne sie würde das Recht unanwendbar. Unterschreiben/ Signieren ist daneben auch eine juridische Kulturtechnik. Ich unterscheide zwischen juristischen Methoden und Verfahren sowie zwischen juridischen Kulturtechniken, um mit bestimmten Aporien und Passagen umzugehen, die sich aus Unterscheidungen ergeben. Juridische Kulturtechniken nenne ich Techniken, die zwar dabei kooperieren, Recht wahnehmbar und (aus-)übbar zu machen. Diese Kooperation ist widerständig und insistierend. Juridische Kulturtechniken sind dem Recht aber nicht eigen. Sie kommen genauso gut und genauso schlecht auch ohne Recht, ohne rechtliche Qualifikation und ohne rechtliches Wissen vor. Sie juridisch zu nennen, das bietet sich deswegen an, weil sie einmal in der Geschichte des Rechts juristisch bestimmt, einmal angeeignet wurden, weil sie in anderen Kulturen mit dem Recht assoziiert werden oderwegen ihrer Kooperation in der Wahrnehmung und Ausübung von Rechten. Die Unterscheidung zwischen juristischen Methoden und Verfahren und juridischen Kulturtechniken ist keine allgemeine Unterscheidung. Ich gehe davon aus, dass jede Unterscheidung auf drei Operationen basiert: Einer Trennung, einer Assoziation und einem Austauschmanöver. An diese Vorstellung von Unterscheidungen schließe ich nicht die Unterscheidung zwischen Allgemeinem und Besonderem an, sondern zwischen Großem und Kleinem. Die Unterscheidung zwischen juristischen Methoden und juridischen Kulturtechniken ist eher klein, schon weil sie in der Literatur der Kulturtechnikforschung nur von mir gebraucht wird, andere brauchen sie nicht, müssen sie ja auch nicht.

Dieses war der erste Streich und der zweite folgt sogleich.

[transsolar]

Monika Schulz @ ISU 24 | International Summer University | Green Building in Germany

Monika Schulz will give a talk titled 'simply build simple' at the ISU 24 | International Summer University | Green Building in Germany in Frankfurt on 28.05.24 at 7 PM in Cafe 1. Monika will explore passive strategies for climate responsive design. The talk will be held in English.

The lecture series is organised by ReNewHub | Renewable concept material and construction. They teach and conduct transdisciplinary research into resource-efficient design and construction focusing on building with renewable raw materials and recyclable building materials, as well as adaptable concepts.

Responsible: Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences | FB 1 Prof. Dr. Florian Mähl | Prof. Carolin Seegmüller | Prof. Tatjana Vautz | Prof. Helmut Zeitter

[kattestrophe]

Illustrations by Helmut Skarbina for the 1925 novel "Kattes letzte Stunden" by Paul Schulze-Berghof

[databass3]

MASTERPOST

Categorías:

Dibujo

Pintura

Escultura

Cine

Arquitectura

Animación

Concept art

Ilustración

A

Tomma Abts

Lawrence Abu Hamdan

Franz Ackermann

Richard Aldrich

Brian Alfred

Francis Alys

Kai Althoff

Yoshitaka Amano

Ghada Amer

Even Amundsen

Hurvin Anderson

Richard Anderson

Wes Anderson

Tadao Ando

Ida Applebroog

Juan Araujo

Tauba Auerbach

Laurel Austin

Michael J. Austin

B

Andrew Baker

John Baldessari

Antonio Ballester Moreno

Matthew Barney

Darren Bartley

Georg Baselitz

James Baxter

Carole Benzaken

Cesar Biojo

Benjamin Björklund

Aaron Blaise

Rob Bliss

Michael Borremans

Lisa Brice

Cecily Brown

Glenn Brown

Borja Buces Renard

Bernard Buffet

Rafal Bujnowski

C

Ricardo Cabral

Varda Caivano

Francisco Calvelo

Brian Calvin

Helen Cammock

Gonzalo Cárcamo

Gillian Carnegie

Merlin Carpenter

Maurizio Cattelan

Gigi Cavenago

Vija Celmins

Zeen Chin

Chuck Close

James Coleman

Philipp Comarella

Iris Compiet

Sarah Crowner

Ángela de la Cruz

John Currin

Amy Cutler

D

Henry Darger

Ian Davenport

Noah Davis

Philippe Decrauzat

Benjamin Degen

Dominik Derow

Rineke Dijkstra

John Dilworth

Markus Döbeli

Peter Doig

Kaye Donachie

Pierre Dorion

Vladimir Dubossarsky

Marlene Dumas

Geirrod Van Dyke

E

Cecilia Edefalk

Thomas Eggerer

Tim Eitel

Franz Erhard Walther

Marco Espinosa

F

Helmut Federle

Roberto Ferri

Eric Fischl

Tom Fox

Moby Francke

Lucian Freud

Bernard Frize

Michael Fullerton

G

Julio Galan

Jorge Galindo

Ellen Gallagher

Fran Garcés

Mario García Torres

Tim Gardner

Jennifer Gennari

Nikolay Georgiev

Kim Jung Gi

Geng Gianyi

Ari Gibson

Wanjin Gim

Wayne Gonzales

Katharina Grosse

Mark Grothan

James Gurney

Wade Guyton

H

Peter Halley

Josephine Halvorson

James B. Ham

Peter Han

N. S. Harsha

Eberhard Havekost

Mary Heilmann

Sophie von Hellerman

Lubaina Himid

Mah Hirano

Damien Hirst

Howard Hodgkin

Gary Hume

Jackqueline Humphries

Steve Huston

I

Callum Innes

Toyo Ito

Eliza Ivanova

J

James Jean

Ruan Jia

Chantal Joffe

Chris Johanson

Jama Jurabaev

Yishai Jusidman

K

Johannes Kahrs

Alex Kaneuski

Jacob Kassay

Alex Katz

Kurt Kauper

Anselm Kiefer

Karen Kilimnik

Martin Kippenberger

R. B. Kitaj

Martin Kobe

Jutta Koether

Ayami Kojima

Satoshi Kon

Peter Konig

Alex Konstad

Karl Kopinski

Kekai Kotaki

Elke Krystufek

Kengo Kuma

Stefan Kürten

L

Studio Laika

Jim Lambie

Maria Lassnig

Sol LeWitt

Songsong Li

Wanjie Li

Fang Lijun

Michael Lin

Dela Longfish

Rael Lyra

M

Jorge Macchi

Marcin Maciejowski

Elizabeth Magill

Michael Majerus

Victor Man

Finnian MacManus

Margherita Manzelli

Marta Marcé

Louis de Masi

I Nyoman Masriadi

Gbariele di Matteo

Leonard McComb

Crash McCreery

Ian McKeever

Lucy McKenzie

Jonathan Meese

Julie Mehretu

Beatriz Milhazes

Yue Minjun

Steve Mitchell

Moebius

Dianna Molzan

Baran Mong

Guillermo Mora

Sarah Morris

Justin Mortimer

Olivier Mosset

Hamoudi Moussa

Craig Mullins

Muntean/Rosenblum

Haruki Murakami

Oscar Murillo

Catherine Murphy

Ishbel Myerscough

N

Yutaka Nakamura

Yusuke Nakano

Yoshitomo Nara

Shirin Neshat

Ernesto Neto

Yasushi Nirasawa

Guillaume Normand

Kazuya Nuri

O

Albert Oelhen

Kazuo Oga

Julien Opie

Silke Otto-Knapp

Karla Ortiz

P

Blinky Palermo

Philip Pearlstein

Stuart Pearson Wright

Enoc Perez

Burno Perramant

Raymond Pettibon

Elizabeth Peyton

Richard Philipps

Lari Pitman

Sigmar Polke

Richard Powell

Richard Prince

Charlotte Prodger

Vitaly Pushnitsky

Q

R. H. Quaytman

Joe Quesada

R

Neo Rauch

Blake Rayne

Paula Rego

Carol Rhodes

Daniel Richter

Gerhard Richter

Matthew Ritchie

Paul Robertson

Scott Robertson

Clare Rojas

Georges Rousse

Royal Art Lodge

Nick Runge

Robert Ryman

S

Vyacheslav Safronov

Andrew Salgado

David Salle

Dennis Sarazhin

Juliao Sarmento

Wilhelm Sasnal

Jenny Saville

Adrian Schiess

David Schnell

Maaike Schoorel

Max Schulz

Sean Sevestre

Tai Shani

George Shaw

Kate Shepherd

Mª José Sicilia

Shazia Sikander

Amy Sillman

Dirk Skreber

Sylvia Sleigh

Matt Smith

Glenn Sorensen

SPA Studios

Hito Steyerl

Sturtevant

Ken Sugimori

T

Tatsuyuki Tanaka

Furio Tedeschi

Mark Tennant

Francisco Toledo

Robbie Trevino

James Turrell

Luc Tuymans

U

Nicolás Uribe

V

Adriana Varejao

Max Verehin

Ángel Vergara

Pieter Vermeersch

Jack Vettriano

Glenn Vilppu

Bill Viola

W

Takumi Wada

Kara Walker

Corinne Wasmuht

Steve Wang

Jonathan Wateridge

Alison Watt

Jeff Watts

Robert Watts

Matthias Weischer

Morgan Weistling

Wendy White

Terryl Whitlatch

Richard Williams

Sue Williams

Christopher Wool

X

Zhang Xiaogang

Y

Santiago Ydañez

Lynette Yiadom-Boakye

Yoh Yoshinari

Donglu Yu

Liang Yuanwei

Lisa Yuskavage

Z

Luiz Zerbini

Su Zhang

Feng Zhu

[benkaden]

Ansichtskarte

Schwedt/Oder Am Centra [Gaststätte Centra: Jochen Beige, Peter Schuster, Helmut Steinhäuser; Freiflächen von Günter Stötzner, 1961-1963; Skulptur “Liebespaar” von Axel Schulz um 1965]

PLANET-VERLAG BERLIN, 1974

[artgoeast]

Leipzig ändert sich. Den Wandel der Stadtgesellschaft – durch Zuzug, insbesondere von jungen Menschen, durch Migration und andere Einflussfaktoren der „globalisierten Welt“ – bezeichnet der Publizist und Migrationsforscher Mark Terkessidis als „Vielheit“.

Der von Ankommen und Fortgehen vieler Menschen geprägte Leipziger Osten kann exemplarisch für die beschriebene „Vielheit“ gelesen werden. Für die damit einhergehende zunehmende Herausforderung des „Miteinanders“ der vielen aktiven Bürger*innen braucht es Anlässe für einen kommunikativen Austausch.

Die zweite Biennale ART GO EAST wendet sich unter dem Motto “to collaborate” den Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten der „Vielheit“ zu und schafft Anknüpfungspunkte für Austauschprozesse (Podiumsdiskussionen, Künstler*innen- und Kurator*innengespräche). Impulsgebend dafür ist der Gedanke Terkessidis: „Viele Probleme müssen auf einmal bearbeitet werden, viele Stimmen gleichzeitig gehört und viele Ansprüche zu jedem Zeitpunkt miteinander vermittelt werden“. ART GO EAST schlägt Kunst als eine solche Mittlerin vor und fordert die teilnehmenden Künstler*innen, die Kunsträume und das Publikum auf, Teil dieser „Vielheit“ zu werden und gemeinsam Formen des künstlerischen Handelns zu entwickeln.

Ebenso möchte die Biennale den Zugang zu den vielen Kunsträumen im Leipziger Osten – auch eine flüchtige Vielheit – für alle kunstinteressierten Besucher*innen aber auch für neues Publikum erleichtern.

Ein Artwalk wird alle teilnehmenden Kunsträume im Stadtteil miteinander verbinden, indem künstlerische Arbeiten in den Schaufenstern verschiedener Läden entlang der Festivalroute präsentiert werden.

Kunsträume: Bistro 21 (Hermann-Liebmann-Str. 88) Blauer Sand (Trinitatisstr. 9) Fang Studio (Ostr. 6) FONDA (Eisenbahnstr. 141a) galerie.leipziger-schule (Hedwigstr. 1-3) garage.ost (Hermann-Liebmann-Str. 67) Helmut (Kohlgartenstr. 51) IDEAL art space (Schulze-Delitzsch-Str. 27) Kontor 80 (xxx) krudebude (Stannebeinplatz 13)   Kunsthalle Ost (Riebeckstr. 19)   Pöge-Haus (Hedwigstr. 20) PLAST (Stannebeinplatz 7) SagArT (Eisenbahnstr. 37)

am ARTWALK beteiligte Orte: Analog (Hedwigstr. 20) Café Bubu (Täubchenweg 88) Café ding dong (Konradstr. 55) Espresso Zack Zack (Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 2) Gumbo (Hedwigstr. 11) Japanisches Haus (Eisenbahnstr. 120) Die Kulturapotheke (Eisenbahnstr. 99) Nebenan (Hermann-Liebmann-Str. 89) Orinoco Books (Mariannenstr. 18) Sleeve++ (Mariannenstr. 74) Stammbar (Breite Str. 8) Tumbler (Breite Str. 16) Uganda-Maszage-Books (Einertstr. 9) Vary (Eisenbahnstr. 7) Vleischerei (Eisenbahnstr. 128)

Wir als Veranstalterverbund der Kunsträume schauen gerade, was im Rahmen des Gegenwärtigen möglich sein wird. Informiert euch bitte immer auch bei den einzelnen Orten über die tagesaktuelle Situation und Öffnungszeiten.

[sporclerhejman]

Notes on ‘Hoping this Finds You...’

Every slide in ‘Hoping this Finds You’ contains at least three clues- the ‘hoping this finds you’ tagline, the author of the note, and at least one thing in the note itself.  But many of them contain 4, 5, 6+ clues, some of which are less obvious, and which may be buried in the text, intentional spelling modifications, capitalized words, or even the choice of the background paper.  I thought it might be fun to outline where all those Easter eggs are hidden.

Slide #1: Abe Lincoln

Text Clues: ‘Appomattox Courthouse’- site of the final major battle of the Civil War, April 1865; ‘Passage of the Amendment’- a reference to the late January 1865 passage of the 13th Amendment by the House of Representatives (and a nod to the movie ‘Lincoln’); ‘I am sorry that I can’t join you in the district tonight’- Grant was originally supposed to be with Lincoln at Ford’s Theater on April 14th, but decided, instead, to travel to New Jersey to visit family; ‘Give my best to Tad and Mary’- Lincoln’s son and wife.

Hoping this finds you reference: Lincoln, a big fan of the theater, was assassinated at a showing of ‘My American Cousin’ on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater.

Signatory- General Ulysses Grant, Lincoln’s commander of the Union Army.

Slide #2: Mikhail Gorbachev

Background clue: White House letterhead

Text clues: ‘what I hold Helmut Kohl’- Kohl was German Chancellor from 1982 to 1998; ‘strain on our relations for more than two decades’- the Berlin Wall stood from 1961 to 1989; ‘making the speech at the Brandenburg’- Reagan’s famous ‘tear down this wall’ speech was made with the Brandenburg Gate in the background; ‘tie this issue to the disarmament talks’- The Reykjavík Summit was held in October 1986, just a few months before the ‘tear down this wall’ speech; ‘Schulz will see that Congress back me on that’-  George Schulz was Reagan’s Secretary of State from 1982-1989; ‘party commissariat’- the term ‘commissariat’ had actually been replaced with the word ‘ministry’ by the 1980s, but being a term uniquely connected to the Soviet governmental structure, it made for a better clue.

Hoping this finds you reference: A direct reference to the 1987 ‘tear down this wall’ speech.

Signatory: Reagan, who was called ‘Ronnie’ by his wife Nancy and closest friends.

Slide #3: Marie Curie

Background clue: A lab notebook!  (Probably a bit modern for the Curies)

Text clues: ‘contamination with barium’- The late 1890s attempts by Marie and Pierre Curie to isolate radium were complicated because attempts to separate radium from pitchblende often resulted in barium contamination; ‘salt form may be isolated by differential crystallization’- the Curies eventually settled on the difficult and slow process of using differential crystallization to separate pure radium, but got only one tenth of a gram of pure radium from two thousand pounds of pitchblende; ‘Becquerel agrees’- I have no idea what Henri Becquerel thought about this process, or if he even knew, but he shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with the Curies, based on his early work on radioactivity, and this was a chance to include him as a clue to narrow the focus on Pierre and Marie; ‘do not think the half-life of polonium will allow for a similar method’- The Curies were never able to isolate pure polonium because it has a half-life of only about four months; ‘something Irene and Eve both enjoy’- The names of the Curie’s daughters; ‘lovely night for a stroll on the Rue Dauphine’- This is a bit dark, and actually made me choke up a bit doing it, but Pierre Curie was killed when struck by a carriage on the Rue Daupine in April, 1906.

Hoping this finds you reference: Curie won two Nobel Prizes and is known for her work in radioactivity.  She died as a result of aplastic anemia from radiation exposure.

Signatory: Her husband, and fellow Nobel winner, Pierre.

Slide #4: Julius Caesar

Text clues: ‘display at the Circus Maximus’- The Roman chariot racing stadium; ‘this new calendar’- The Julian calendar was proposed and adopted by Caesar in 45 BC; ‘dictator in perpetuity’- Shortly after the adoption of that calendar, Caesar was granted the status of dictator in perpetuity; ‘war against the Parthians’- Parthia was a kingdom near the Caspian Sea in present day Iran.  Caesar was planning an assault there at the time of his assassination; ‘set up a time with Brutus’- Merely a reference to Brutus and to Caesar’s famous line ‘Et tu, Brute’ from Shakespeare’s ‘Julius Caesar’; ‘Looking forward to seeing you at the Senate this evening’- Caesar was killed at the Senate on March 15, 44 BC.

Hoping this finds you reference: As noted, above, Caesar was killed on the Ides of March, thus the famous saying, ‘Beware the Ides of March’.

Signatory: Mark Antony, one of Caesar’s generals and political allies, who commanded the eventual war against Parthia.  I chose him, specifically, so that I could use him as a double signatory for the Cleopatra slide as well.

Slide #5: Amelia Earhart

Text clues: ‘Fred would never let you down or lead you astray’- Fred Noonan was Earhart’s navigator on her fateful last flight; ‘have looked for you all the way along your Pacific route’- a reference to the search for Earhart after her disappearance; ‘searching around Howland Island’- A designated refueling stop on her flight, but a location which she never reached.

Hoping this finds you reference: Simply a note that Earhart has never been found.

Signatory: Her husband, George.

Slide #6: The Wright Brothers

Text clues: ‘Thrilled to hear the news from Kitty Hawk’- The Wright Brothers’ first successful powered flight came on the beaches at Kitty Hawk, NC; ‘The bike shop is holding up’- The brothers operated a bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio, which still stands today and is open to tourists; ‘regular contact with the Air Corps’- The Brothers sold technology, and entire aircraft, to the Army Air Corps.

Hoping this finds you reference: The Brothers had just completed their first successful powered flight and were constantly attempting longer and higher flights (which were generally successful).

Signatory: Hart O. Berg, the Wright Brothers’ business manager in Europe, and his wife, Edith, who also managed European business for them, was the first American woman to fly in a plane.  (Odd historical note, Sarah Van Deman, the daughter-in-law of John Van Deman, who built my house, and lived in it from 1878-1921, was the first woman to fly in a plane in the United States.  John’s son, Ralph, was an Army Captain.)

Slide #7: Napoleon Bonaparte

Text clues: ‘he may rule France in the future’- This text snippet (meant to insinuate that this is a segment of the note) is a reference to Napoleon’s son; ‘Reports from Borodino’- The Battle of Borodino, September 7, 1812, was the deadliest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, but also a tactical victory for the French; ‘that traitor, Alexander’- Tsar Alexander had been an ally of the French, but relations broke down, leading to Napoleon’s invasion of Russia; ‘Perhaps Moscow can be our capital in the east’- French forces, following the Battle of Borodino, were mounting their assault on Moscow.

Hoping this finds you reference: Napoleon did not enjoy the French winter.

Signatory: Marie Louise, Napoleon’s 2nd wife.

Slide #8: Ferdinand Magellan

Background clue: An old naval map

Text clues: ‘that idiot Manuel’- A reference to the King of Portugal, who declined the opportunity to fund Magellan’s attempt to find a westward route for the spice trade; ‘There is move afoot to name the strait after you’- Of course, this wouldn’t happen until much later, but the passage around S. America is now known as the ‘Straight of Magellan’; ‘converting the Cebu’- Magellan and his men had successfully converted the Cebu tribe to Christianity; ‘similar success with the Mactan’- Magellan would definitely not have similar success with the Mactan’ ‘circumnavigation and the spice trade’- I couldn’t really make Magellan any more obvious than this.

Hoping this finds you reference: Magellan’s attempts to convert the Mactan led to battle, during which he was killed with a spear, thus ‘in good spear-its’.

Signatory: King Carlos I of Spain, benefactor of Magellan’s circumnavigation.

Slide #9: Lady Godvia

Text clues: ‘I have reduced the taxes’- The legend of Lady Godiva, almost certainly apocryphal, is that she was angry at her husband for overtaxing the poor and he made a bet with her that if she rode naked, on horseback, through the town, he would reduce the taxes. According to the legend, she did; ‘you may donate as much of our wealth as you like to the churches’- She was also famously a benefactor of local religious institutions; ‘I have even freed the peeping tailor’- The legend also provides that Godiva made an edict before her ride requiring all of the townspeople to stay inside with their shutters closed.  A tailor named ‘Tom’ was the only one to break the rule. This is where we get the phrase ‘peeping Tom’ from; ‘do not embarrass the Earldom of Mercia’- Godiva’s husband was the Earl of Mercia.

Hoping this finds your reference: The Earl would, of course, want Godiva off the horse and wearing some clothing.

Signatory: Leofric, Godiva’s husband, and the Earl of Mercia.

Slide #10: William Howard Taft

Text clues: ‘agree with you about the income tax’- Taft was opposed to the institution of a national income tax, believing it unconstitutional; ‘ratification of the 16th A. has certainly settled the issue’- To address the claim of unconstitutionality, Congress adopted, and the states ratified, the 16th Amendment in 1913; ‘trade agreement with Canada’- Taft was, at that time, working on a free trade agreement with Canada; ‘dream of a Supreme Court appointment- Taft is most famous for being the only person to be both U.S. President and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Hoping this finds you reference: The story is apocryphal, but Taft is also known for his girth, and thus the legend that he got stuck in the White House bathtub.  There is no indication that it ever actually happened.

Signatory: Philander Knox, Taft’s Secretary of State.

Slide #11: Cleopatra

Text clues: ‘do not think is wise to have Herod visit again’- Herod famously visited Egypt in 40 BC, then traveled on to Rome.  He and Cleopatra had competing claims to territory; ‘Octavian is quite pleased with the invasion of Armenia’- Octavian was heir to the Roman throne, and would have been quite pleased with the 34 BC invasion of Armenia, which Cleopatra funded; ‘call on your aid to support the cost of our armies’- see previous note about the Armenian invasion; ‘Ptolemaic Dynasty’- Cleopatra was the last of the Ptolemaic leaders before direct Roman rule; ‘Your story is Taylor made’- Cleopatra has frequently been the subject of modern artistic depictions, most famously the 1963 film starring Elizabeth Taylor.

Hoping this finds you reference: Cleopatra committed suicide (likely by poison), essentially ending the Hellenistic period.

Signatory: Mark Antony, Cleopatra’s third and final spouse.

Slide #12: Neil Armstrong

Background clue: NASA Space Task Group letterhead, in use from 1958-1962, and again for the Apollo program beginning in 1969.

Text clues: ‘leap mankind’- A reference to ‘one giant leap for mankind’, Armstrong’s famous words when first setting foot on the moon; ‘you and Buzz will be successful’- Buzz Aldrin was the command module pilot on Apollo 11, and the 2nd man to walk on the moon; ‘Langley to Houston to Canaveral’- All of the space command locations in 1969.

Hoping this finds you reference: Neil was certainly ‘Out of this world’ when landing on the moon.

Signatory: Deke Slayton, Air Force pilot, Mercury 7 astronaut, Chief of the Astronaut Office, Director of Flight Crew Operations, and Apollo-Soyuz astronaut.

Slide #13: Al Gore

Text clues: ‘campaigned long and hard’- Immediately narrows to a politician; ‘been such a loyal and true VP’- further narrows to Vice-Presidents; ‘CNN has just called Florida’- Most news networks originally called Florida for Gore on election night 2000, before backtracking, leading most people to think Gore had won; ‘So much for the Bush dynasty’- George W. Bush, son of former President George H.W. Bush, was Gore’s opponent; ‘beginning of eight more years’- Gore had been VP from 1993-2001; ‘Tennessee should be proud’- Gore was from Tennessee and had been a U.S. Senator representing that state; ‘Give Tipper my best, Hil says ‘hi’- A reference to Tipper Gore and Hillary Clinton.

Hoping this finds you reference: Gore never got to make a victory speech.

Signatory: Bill Clinton, President when Gore was VP.

Slide #14: Bill Gates

Background clue: Dot matrix printer paper!

Text clues: ‘insisting that software developers are paid’ and ‘Who cares what those computer hobbyists think’- Gates and Allen’s early work on Altair BASIC was widely pirated by early computer hobbyists.  Gates insisted on copyright claims, angering some of those computer builders. ‘meeting next week with IBM’- The July, 1980 contract between IBM and Microsoft set up at IBM as the major player in computer hardware and Microsoft in the same position on software.  ‘Excelling’ and ‘Word’- Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word are two of the company’s flagship products.

Hoping this finds you reference: Microsoft Windows is the key product powering the company.

Signatory: Paul Allen is co-founder of Microsoft.

Slide #15: Margaret Thatcher

Background clue: Buckingham Palace letterhead.

Text clues: ‘brave men and women in the Falklands’- Thatcher was PM during the UK-Argentina Falklands War; ‘handling of the Hong Kong negotiations’- Thatcher negotiated the terms of the Hong Kong transfer to China at the end of the agreement for British control of the city; ‘Sending you, Dennis, and the children all my best’- A reference to Thatcher’s husband and their kids.

Hoping this finds you reference: Thatcher was famously known as the ‘Iron Lady’.

Signatory: Queen Elizabeth II.  I was unsure how she would sign her name in such a note, but found several example of letters to political figures that she signed simply, ‘Elizabeth’.

Slide #16: Pete Best

Text clues: ‘Epstein thinks’- Brian Epstein was the Beatles manager’ ‘great chance at Decca’- The Beatles breakthrough recording session came at Decca’s recording studios, but it was also the end of Best’s tenure with the band; ‘My Bonny’- One of the Beatles early recordings was a cover of ‘My Bonny’ and it gained them some attention at Decca; ‘George is working on some new stuff’- A passing reference to George Harrison; ‘The drummer is always key’- Best was the drummer, and his perceived shortcomings in that key role led to his dismissal; ‘You’re the...’- Just a play on words on Best’s name; ‘sure that you’ll be a Starr’- Best’s replacement was Ringo Starr.

Hoping this finds you reference: Best would not remain a member of the band.

Signatories: John Lennon and Paul McCartney

Slide #17: George Lucas

Background clue: Stephen Spielberg formed Amblin Entertainment in the early 1980s shortly before the release of E.T.

Text clues: ‘take on directing the second part of your space opera’- Lucas had decided not to direct after A New Hope.  There were some discussions with Spielberg, but the latter never directed a Star Wars film; ‘two pending sci-fi projects of my own’- E.T. and Poltergeist; ‘and the Indy sequel’- Temple of Doom was released in 1984; ‘Kershner or Marquand’- the eventual directors of Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi; ‘Crichton and I are discussing a project that we might need ILM on’- Spielberg directed the movie version of Crichton’s ‘Jurassic Park’ in 1993 and ILM did the special effects.  In reality, they would not discuss the novel until October 1989, shortly before its release; ‘Tell Harrison not to hurt himself’ and ‘behind the whip again’- References to Ford starring in in both Star Wars and Indiana Jones.

Hoping this finds you reference: The Force was with Lucas to the tune of a $4 billion sale to Disney.

Signatory: Steven Spielberg

Slide #18: Mary Shelley

Text references: ‘1 July 1822′- The date of Percy’s death; ‘news from London is good- Victor is a hit’- Mary’s novel ‘Frankenstein’ was released in 1822 to much acclaim; ‘Byron says he can’t wait to see what you produce next’- The poet Byron was a close friend of the Shelleys; ‘The Don Juan is ready to sail’- Percy’s ill-fated boat was named the ‘Don Juan’; ‘Williams and I plan to take her out’ and ‘I’m sure it will go well’- Percy and his friend Edward Wiliams launched the boat on July 1, 1822.  It sank and they were both killed as was a young deckhand they brought with them.

Hoping this finds you reference: Frankenstein was monstrously good.

Signatory: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary’s husband.

Slide #19: David Livingstone:

Text clues: ‘dispatched by the New York Herald’- Stanley’s expedition to find Livingstone was funded by the New York paper; ‘sail to Zanzibar in March’ and ‘try to locate you near Lake Tanganyika’- This was Stanley’s route; ‘anxioiusly await the Herald’s funding’- Stanley was delayed by slow funding from the paper.

Hoping this finds you reference: Livingstone was in Ujiji when Stanley found him.

Signatory: Henry Morton Stanley, speaker of the famous line, ‘Dr. Livingstone, I presume?’

Slide #20: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Background clue: Attorney General Letterhead

General note: I was hesitant about this one.  King and Bobby Kennedy were not close friends, and subsequent to their deaths have been described as ‘arms-length’ and ‘quiet rivals’.  I was careful to try not to suggest a closer relationship between them than actually existed.

Text clues: ‘Jack how good it was to see you in the Rose Garden’- This should immediately give the timeline as 1961-1963 and MLK was actually in the Rose Garden on June 22, 1963; seeking intervention for the SNCC’- President Kennedy was asked to intervene on behalf of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; ‘reached out to John Lewis’- A young Lewis was the SNCC leader and this clue should further help with timeline and subject matter; ‘formal proposal for the Civil Rights Act’- That proposal was in June 1963, contemporaneous to King’s Rose Garden visit; ‘southern trips- Miami, Tampa, Dallas’- JFK made those exact trips in November 1963, culminating with his assassination in Dallas, though they were more campaign stops than trips in support of the Civil Rights Act; ‘Washington March next month’- King’s legendary ‘I Have a Dream’ speech was made in August of 1963 during that march; ‘everything that you are dreaming of’- A reference to that speech.

Hoping this finds you reference: A nod to King’s ‘Been to the Mountaintop’ speech, delivered the night before his assassination in 1968.

Signatory: Robert Kennedy, then U.S. Attorney General

[mehmetrefikyucel]

ÖLÜMCÜL DENEYLER VE İNSAN KOBAYLAR...

ÖLÜMCÜL DENEYLER VE İNSAN KOBAYLAR...

ABD'nin 34. başkanı General Dwight D. Eisenhower 'ın Nazi savaş suçlularına çalışmalarını Amerika'da devam etmeleri karşılığında dokunulmazlık verdiği biliniyor. Almanların sayısız insan hayatı ve hayal bile edilemeyecek işkenceler karşılığında elde ettikleri bilgileri edinmek isteyen Eisenhower, Nazi toplama kamplarında gerçekleştirilen araştırmalardan "yararlanılması" emrini vermişti. Daça toplama kampında Yahudiler üzerinde gerçekleştirdiği korkunç deneylerle tanınan Dr Hubertus Strughold ve onun gibi 34 Nazi "bilim adamı" uzay tıbbı çalışmalarına Amerikan topraklarında devam edebilmeleri için Teksas, San Antonio'daki Randolph Hava Kuvvetleri Üssü'ne getirildi. Ataç Projesi kapsamında toplam 3 bin kadar Nazi savaş suçlusuna ABD ve Kanada topraklarında çalışma izni verildiği tahmin ediliyor. Tarihçiler ve bilim adamları, CIA tarafından Amerikan vatandaşları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen deneylerin çoğunun Nazi ölüm kamplarında yapılan insanlık dışı deneylerin bir devamı olduğunu ortaya koymuşlardır. Mart 1945'te Nazi Osenberg Listesi müttefiklerin eline geçecek ve ABD’deki Araştırma Geliştirme Enstitüsü Başkanı Binbaşı Robert Staver, başta roket uzmanı Wernher von Braun olmak üzere listedeki tüm isimlerle görüşmek ve istihbarat sağlamak için talimat verecektir. İlk başta sadece bilim adamlarını sorguya çekmek olan amaç daha sonra değişikliğe uğrayarak Almanya’nın dışına çıkarmaya dönüşmüştür. Birçok Nazi bilim adamı Peenemünde’deki Araştırma Merkezinde V-2 roketiyle ilgili görevlidir. Harekatın ilk ismi değiştirilerek Paperclip olacak ve Alman bilim adamları Sovyetler Birliğinin eline geçmeden kaçırılacaktır. Roket ve nükleer fizik alanlarının yanı sıra kimyagerler, doktorlar ve silah uzmanları da Almanya dışına çıkartılacaktır. Aileleriyle beraber kendilerine uygun çalışma ortamı ve dolgun bir ücret teklif edilen 127 bilim adamı Eylül 1945'te teklifi kabul edecektir, en önemli bilim adamları arasında; Wernher von Braun, Erich W. Neubert, Theodor A. Poppel, August Schulze, Eberhard Rees, Wilhelm Jungert ve Walter Schwidetzky bulunmaktadır. İzleyen aylarda da gelişler devam edecektir. 1950’de ise bilim adamlarının ABD’de bulunma durumlarına göre yasal oturma izinleri kesinleştirilecektir. 86 havacılık ve uzay mühendisi – uzmanı, ele geçirilen Nazi uçak ve ekipmanının olduğu Wright Hava Üssüne gelerek çalışmaya başlar. Elektronik haberleşmeyle ilgili olarak ise fizik alanından Georg Goubau, Gunter Guttwein, Georg Hass, Horst Kedesdy ve Kurt Levovec; kimyacı Profesör Rudolf Brill ve doktorlar Ernst Baars ve Eberhard Both; jeofizikçi Dr. Helmut Weickmann; teknik optik uzmanı Dr. Gerhard Schwesinger; ve elektronik mühendisleri Dr. Eduard Gerber, Richard Guenther ve Hans Ziegler ekibe katılacaktır. Sentetik petrol üretim uzmanı 7 kişi de Louisiana’daki Fischer-Tropsch fabrikasında değerlendirilecektir. 1990 yılına gelindiğinde toplamda 1.600 bilim adamı Almanya'dan çıkarılmış, diğer devletler tarafından kullanılmaya başlamış durumdaydı. ABD'de yayınlanan "Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America (Ataç Operasyonu: Nazi Bilim Adamlarını Amerika'ya Getiren Gizli İstihbarat Programı" adlı kitap, ABD Genelkurmay Başkanlığının 1945'ten sonra bin 600'den fazla Alman bilim adamını nasıl ülkeye getirdiğini belgeleriyle anlatıyor.   Gazeteci Annie Jacobsen tarafından yazılan kitap, Ataç Operasyonu çerçevesinde 21 Nazi bilim adamının ABD'nin Soğuk Savaş dönemindeki etkinliklerinde nasıl bir rol oynadıklarını betimliyor.   Jacobson'a göre bilim adamlarından bazıları Nazilerin lideri Adolf Hitler'e sarin gazı ve hıyarcıklı vebanın kitle imha silahlarına dönüştürülmesi için yardımcı olmuş ve savaş suçlarından yargılanmış.   Kitapta ABD'nin kendi kimyasal ve biyolojik silahlarını üretmek, havacılık ve uzay tıbbı alanında ilerleme sağlamak için "Üçüncü Reich'ın" beyin gücünü kullanmak üzere "Ataç Operasyonu" düzenlediği savunuluyor.   Nazi bilim adamlarını işe alan, onlara ABD'de çok gizli hükümet projelerinde çalışmaları karşılığında dokunulmazlık ve yeni kimlikler veren ABD Dış işleri Bakanlığı, Ordu İstihbarat ve CIA, 1945 tarihinde ''Program F'' ‘i  ABD Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu aracılığıyla başlattı. Bu program, atom bombası üretimindeki en önemli kimyasal maddelerden biri olan 'florid' in insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran en geniş kapsamlı çalışmaydı. Araştırma sırasında floridin insanoğlunun bildiği en zehirli kimyasallardan biri olduğu ve merkezi sinir sistemi üzerinde büyük hasara yol açtığı anlaşıldı; ancak elde edilen bilgilerin büyük bölümü atom bombalarının yapımının engelleneceği korkusuyla ulusal güvenlik adına gizli tutuldu.

Kimyasal silahların konuşulduğu dönemde kendi gaz maskelerinin dayanma gücünü ve silahların etkisini ölçmeye çalışan Amerikan hükümeti 60.000’den fazla kişiyi denek olarak kullandı. Farklı derilerin ve genlerin tepkilerini de ölçebilmek adına başka ırklardan insanlar da bu deneye dahil edildi. Gaz odalarına doldurulan insanlar koruyucu giysilerin dayanıklılığını ölçmek adına kimyasal saldırılara maruz kalıyordu. Söylentilere göre bir gruba koruyucu elbise dahi verilmedi.

1943 yılında ABD Donanması kendi denizcilerini hardal gazına maruz bıraktı. Resmi olarak, Donanma, Birinci Dünya Savaşında çok korkunç olduğu kanıtlanmış olan bu ölümcül gaza karşı yeni kıyafetlerin ve gaz maskelerinin etkinliğini test ediyordu. Deneylerin en kötüsü Washington’daki Deniz Araştırma Laboratuvarında meydana geldi. 17 ve 18 yaşındaki erkek çocuklara, sekiz haftalık acemi eğitim kampından sonra, savaşı kısaltmaya yardımcı olacak bir deneye katılmak isteyip istemedikleri soruldu. Çocuklar, Araştırma Laboratuarına ulaştıklarında, deneyin hardal gazı olduğunu öğrendiler. Neredeyse tümü dış ve iç yanıklara maruz kaldı. Deniz Kuvvetleri tarafından bu durum göz ardı edildi ve hatta bazı durumlarda bu katılımcılar, Casusluk Yasası ile tehdit edildi. 1991’de, nihayet Kongre’den önce raporların gizliliği kaldırılarak ve alındı.

1946 yılında Savaş gazilerine hizmet veren hastanelerdeki hastalar, tıbbi deneylerde kobay olarak kullanıldı. Kuşkuları ortadan kaldırmak için ne zaman böyle bir hastanede gerçekleştirilen bir çalışmayla ilgili rapor hazırlansa, ''deney'' sözcüğü yerine ''araştırma'' ya da ''inceleme'' sözcüklerinin kullanılması emredildi. 1947 ABD Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu, insan deneklere damardan radyoaktif maddelerin verileceği deneylere başlayacağını bildiren gizli bir belge yayımladı. CIA, Amerikan istihbaratı tarafından silah (zihin kontrol, beyin yıkama aracı) olarak kullanılabilmesi için LSD araştırmalarına başladı. Hem sivil hem asker denekler haber verilerek ya da verilmeyerek bu deneylerde kullanıldı. 1950  yılında Savunma Bakanlığı, nükleer silahların çöllerde denenmesi ve bombanın etki alanı içinde kalan insanların sağlık problemlerinin ve ölüm oranlarının gözlenmesi için planlar yapmaya başladı. Amerikan kentlerinin bir biyolojik saldırı durumunda ne ölçüde zarar göreceğini belirlemek için ABD donanmasına bağlı gemiler San Francisco kentine bakteriden oluşan bir bulut püskürttü. Çok sayıda insan zatürree benzeri belirtiler göstererek hastalandı. 1951 yılında Savunma Bakanlığı hastalığa neden olan bakteri ve virüslerin kullanıldığı açık hava deneyleri başlattı. 1969 yılına kadar süren bu deneylerde geniş kitlelerin bu bakterilere maruz kaldığından kuşkulanılıyor. 1953 yılında ABD ordusu, kimyasal maddeleri dağıtmak konusunda ne kadar etkin olduklarını belirlemek amacıyla Fort Wayne, Minneapolis, Winnipeg, St Louis ve Leesburg, Virginia'da çinko kadmiyum sülfür gazıyla yüklü bulutlar saldı. Ordu, Donanma ve CIA'nın ortaklaşa gerçekleştirdiği deneylerde New York ve San Francisco'da yaşayan on binlerce kişi solunum yoluyla bulaşan mikroplara maruz bırakıldı. CIA, MKULTRA projesini başlattı. Resmi olarak 11 yıl süren bu araştırma programı, zihin kontrolünde kullanılabilecek ilaçların ve biyolojik silahların üretimi ve denenmesi için tasarlanmıştı. 1956 yılında Amerikan ordusu, sıtma mikrobu taşıyan sivrisinekleri Georgia'nın Savannah ve Florida'nın Avon Park bölgelerine bıraktı. Her deneyin ardından kendilerini kamu sağlığı görevlileri olarak tanıtan ordu ajanları mikrobun kurbanlar üzerindeki etkilerini inceledi. 1965 yılında Philadelphia'daki Holmesburg Eyalet Ceza evindeki tutuklulara, ABD'nin Vietnam Savaşında bitki örtüsünü ve ormanları yok etmekte kullandığı yüksek oranda zehire sahip Portakal Gazının kimyasal bileşeni olan dioksin verildi. Tutukluların daha sonra kanser taramasından geçirilmeleri, Portakal Gazının başından beri kanserojen bir madde olduğundan kuşkulanıldığını gösterdi. 1966 yılında CIA, yine MKULTRA'nın devamı olan Proje MKOFTEN'ı başlattı. Bu, belli kimyasalların insanlar ve hayvanlar üzerindeki zehirleyici etkilerini araştıran bir projeydi. ABD ordusu tarafından New York kenti metrosuna Bacillus subtilis mikrobu verildi. Ordu bilim adamlarının bakteriyle dolu ampulleri havalandırma ızgaralarına atmaları sonucu bir milyonun üzerinde insan bu zehirli havayı soludu. 1969 yılında Savunma Bakanlığından Dr. Robert MacMahon , 5-10 yıl içerisinde, ''insanın bağışıklık sistemine saldıran ve hiçbir ilaçla tedavi edilemeyen sentetik bir virüs geliştirmek için'' Amerikan Kongresinden 10 milyon dolar ödenek talep etti. Ödeneğin sağlanmasının ardından CIA gözlemi altında yürütülen proje, ordunun çok gizli biyolojik silah tesisi olarak bilinen Fort Detrick'teki Gizli Operasyonlar Bölümünde başlatıldı. Burada, AIDS benzeri virüsleri ayrıştırmak için moleküler biyoloji teknikleri kullanıldığı yolunda spekülasyonlar giderek arttı. ABD, DNA'larındaki genetik değişiklikler ve varyasyonlar nedeniyle hassas olan belli etnik grupları hedef almak ve yok etmek amacıyla tasarlanmış ''etnik silahları'' geliştirme çalışmalarını yoğunlaştırdı 1975 yılında Fort Detrick'deki Biyolojik Silah Merkezinin virüs bölümüne Fredrick Kanser Araştırma Tesisleri adı verilerek Ulusal Kanser Enstitüsü'nün (NCI) denetimine verildi. ABD Donanmasının burada kansere neden olan virüsleri geliştirmek amacıyla özel bir virüs kanser programı başlattığı tahmin ediliyor. Bilim adamları burada, aynı zamanda, hiçbir bağışıklığın bulunmadığı bir virüs ayrıştırdılar. Bu virüse sonradan HTLV (İnsan T- hücresi Lösemi Virüsü) adı verildi. 1977 yılında Senato'da yapılan oturumlarda 239 yerleşim bölgesinin 1949-1969 yılları arasında biyolojik maddelerle zehirlendiği doğrulandı. San Francisco, başkent Washington, Key West, Panama Kenti, Minneapolis ve St. Louis bu bölgelerden sadece birkaçı. 1978 yılında Salgın Önleme Merkezi (CDC) tarafından gerçekleştirilen deneysel Hepatit B aşılama çalışmaları New York, Los Angeles ve San Francisco kentlerinde başladı. Araştırma denekleri bulmak için verilen ilanlarda özellikle çok eşli eşcinsel erkekler arandığı vurgulandı. 1981 yılında İlk AIDS vakalarının New York, Los Angeles ve San Francisco'daki eşcinsel erkekler arasından çıktığı doğrulandı. Bu olayların ortaya çıkması AIDS'in Hepatit B aşısı yoluyla bulaştığı yönünde spekülasyonların da yayılmasına neden oldu. Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi Tutanakları'na göre HIV ve VISNA virüsleri, HTLV ile neredeyse aynıydı (ufak bir kısım hariç yüksek oranda benzerlik taşıyordu). Bu bilgi, HTLV ve VISNA virüslerinin, doğada hiçbir bağışıklığı bulunmayan yeni bir virüs ayrıştırmak amacıyla birleştirilmiş olabileceği spekülasyonlarını doğurdu. 1994 yılında Houston'daki MD Anderson Kanser Merkezinden Dr. Garth Nicholson, ''gen izleme'' adı verilen bir teknikle, Çöl Fırtınası Operasyonundan dönen askerlerin birçoğunda, biyolojik silah yapımında kullanılan bir mikrop olan mycoplasma incognitus'un değiştirilmiş bir cinsini keşfetti. Moleküler yapısının % 40'ına HIV protein tabakası katılmış olması mikrobun insan yapımı olduğunu göstermektedir. Senatör John D. Rockefeller , Savunma Bakanlığının en az 50 yıldır yüz binlerce askeri personeli deneylerde kobay olarak kullandığını ve bilinçli olarak tehlikeli maddelere maruz bıraktığını açıklayan bir rapor yayımladı. Bu maddelerin arasında, hardal gazı, sinir gazı, radyasyon ve Körfez Savaşı sırasında kullanılan kimyasallar bulunuyor. 1996 yılında Savunma Bakanlığı, Çöl Fırtınası'na katılan askerlerin kimyasal maddelere maruz kaldığını kabul etti.

ALINTIDIR…

[albannikolaiherbst]

In den Zeiten Covid-19sAlban Nikolai Herbst sprichtEin Gedicht für jeden TagEinhundertsechzehnter Tag.Zweite Serie, Einhundertster Tag:Der Engel Ordnungen|| "Strandbar Mitte bei Nacht" ||

In den Zeiten Covid-19sAlban Nikolai Herbst sprichtEin Gedicht für jeden TagEinhundertsechzehnter Tag.Zweite Serie, Einhundertster Tag:Der Engel Ordnungen|| “Strandbar Mitte bei Nacht” ||

        Alban Nikolai Herbst Der Engel Odnungen Gedichte ISBN: 3866380070

[kichisaburo3]

WM 1966 ENGLAND Group 2 Argentina vs West Germany at Villa Park Birmingham Attendance 46,587

Argentina 0–0 West Germany 16 July 1966 Saturday (15:00 BST) Image From Twitter

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1966 World Cup Argentina v West Germany pic.twitter.com/fJUnhNg2fn

— The League Magazine (@Theleaguemag) May 6, 2020

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Planet World Cup Com http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1966/groupb_arg_v_ger.html

REFEREE Konstantin Zecevic (Yugoslavia) LINESMEN Joaquim Fernandes Campos (Portugal) Bertil Lööw (Sweden) EXPULSIONS 65' Jose Albrecht (ARG)

ATTENDANCE 51,419

ARGENTINA AGE D.O.B. CLUB 1 GK Antonio Roma 34 13 Jul 1932 Boca Juniors 4 DF Roberto Perfumo 23 03 Oct 1942 Racing Club 7 DF Silvio Marzolini 25 04 Oct 1940 Boca Juniors 8 DF Roberto Ferreiro 31 25 Apr 1935 Independiente 12 DF Jose Albrecht 24 23 Aug 1941 San Lorenzo 10 MD Antonio Rattin (c) 29 16 May 1937 Boca Juniors 15 MD Jorge Solari 24 11 Nov 1941 River Plate 16 MD Alberto Gonzalez 24 21 Aug 1941 Boca Juniors 19 FW Luis Artime 27 02 Dec 1938 Independiente 20 FW Ermindo Onega 26 30 Apr 1940 River Plate 21 FW Oscar Mas 19 29 Oct 1946 River Plate Coach: Juan Carlos Lorenzo 43 22 Oct 1922

WEST GERMANY AGE D.O.B. CLUB 1 GK Hans Tilkowski 31 12 Jul 1935 Borussia Dortmund 2 DF Horst-Dieter Höttges 22 10 Sep 1943 Werder Bremen 3 DF Karl-Heinz Schnellinger 27 31 Mar 1939 AC Milan (ITA) 5 DF Willi Schulz 27 04 Oct 1938 Hamburger SV 6 DF Wolfgang Weber 22 26 Jun 1944 1.FC Cologne 4 MD Franz Beckenbauer 20 11 Sep 1945 Bayern Munich 7 MD Albert Brülls 29 26 Mar 1937 Brescia (ITA) 8 MD Helmut Haller 26 21 Jul 1939 Bologna (ITA) 12 MD Wolfgang Overath 22 29 Sep 1943 1.FC Cologne 9 FW Uwe Seeler (c) 29 05 Nov 1936 Hamburger SV 10 FW Siegfried Held 23 07 Aug 1942 Borussia Dortmund Coach: Helmut Schön 50 15 Sep 1915

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

WikiPedia 1966 FIFA World Cup https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup

24 MAY 2020 Sunday

[stuttgarterburger]

BEEF SOCIETY - WEINDORF EDITION PULLED PORK BURGER (Stauferico®) #werbung Garstufe 5/5 Größe 4,5/5 Geschmack 4,5/5 Zufriedenheit 4/5 INFO über ein Gewinnspiel auf Facebook habe ich ein 6-Gang Menü im roten Hirschen auf dem Stuttgarter Weindorf gewonnen. Hier gab es jede Menge Leckereien aus der Mega Stuttgart und Weine vom Weingut Idler aus Strümpfelbach. Der dritte Gang war ein Pulled Pork Burger aus Stauferico® Schwein. FAZIT/KRITIK Das Fleisch der Mega ist wirklich mega. Und das sag ich nicht, weil ich eingeladen wurde, sondern weil ich das Fleisch der Mega wirklich lecker finde. Die Produkte wurden äußerst spannend von Helmut Schulz, einem Fleisch-Sommelier der Mega, präsentiert. Das Stauferico ® ist echt was anderes und solltet ihr unbedingt mal probieren. Der Burger war, auch wenn ich nicht mehr so der Fan von Pulled Irgendwas bin, gut und passte super in das Menü. https://beef-society.de #delicious #beefburger #burger #stuttgarterburger #germanburger #tasty #bbq #grill #meat #hamburger #beef #handmade #fresh #buns https://stuttgarterburger.de Dieser Beitrag enthält beauftragte Werbung für Produkte oder Geschäfte. Ich wurde zu diesem Menü eingeladen. https://www.instagram.com/p/B17JglXo3eS/?igshid=1ojv1durge4mg

[korrektheiten]

Der reichste Politiker Deutschlands

Martin Schulz verdiente die letzten fünf Jahre mehr als Angela Merkel, mehr als Gerhard Schröder, als Helmut Kohl, als Helmut Schmidt, als Willy Brandt usw. – Doch auch das reichte ihm offensichtlich noch nicht. Schulz kassierte 280.000 EUR netto im Jahr. In Talkshows, bei Reden und Interviews gibt Martin Schulz sich gerne als einfacher Mann […] http://dlvr.it/R8z4hK