#Grammatical Sentence

[penhive]

Types of Sentences

Sentences can be classified into grammatical, semantic, and Philosophical sentences.

Grammatical Sentences are:

Simple Sentence

Simple sentence is the one which consists of one independent clause. Example is she dances well.

Compound Sentence

Compound sentences consist of 2 independent clauses joined by and, for or so. Example is I have done my homework and I am going home.

Complex sentence is  the one in which one dependent clause is joined by an independent clause using unless, until, and so on Unless you pay me money, I won’t let you go

Semantic Sentences come from culture and they are historical, cultural, and aesthetic sentences.

Historical Sentence

A historical sentence bears a historical aspect. For example: the holocaust bears witness to the sad plight of the Jews. Through Ahimsa Gandhi won the freedom of India.

Cultural Sentence

Cultural sentence is a cushion of connotation. An example is Coca Cola has become a piece of art for pop art.

Aesthetic sentence

An aesthetic sentence has a figurative meaning. For example: Eternity flies as Sadhus in white unveiling time on mystic flight. Here Sadhu is a metaphor for birds and times stands for streams of consciousness.

Philosophical Sentences

Philosophical sentences are synthetic sentences, analytical sentences and Meta-sentences (coined by me)

Analytic sentence and synthetic sentence comes from the philosopher Kant.

Analytic sentence

Analytic sentence is the one where the predicate depends on the subject. Example is all bachelors are unmarried men is analytic statement.

Synthetic Statement

A synthetic sentence is the one where the predicate need not depend on the subject. For example in the statement all women are blondes is only partially true and blondes need not necessarily depend on women.

Philosophical Sentence

A philosophical sentence carries an idea that is philosophical. An example: is Plato’s theory of forms is reference to an ideal world that exists with the physical world of the sentences.

Meta-Sentence

A meta-sentence is a combination of semantic meaning and a metaphysical truth. An example is: life given by God is a gift to live a life of celebration.

[inpermanences]

Caryn Pines, whose still alive to witness her little free spirit Stanley miraculously rise from the dead. The Stan twins buy a brand new sofa that extends into a bed just for her, so she doesn’t have to make a treacherous journey up the stairs. It’s her own slice of heaven, seeing her babies get along like they did when they were children. Seeing her grandchildren parallel to their uncles; Dipper, studious and reclusive, Mabel, crafty and eccentric.

It all comes to a head when Caryn wakes up at the witching hour. There’s ruckus being made in the kitchen, pushing herself upright and cursing at everything under the sun as she grabs a broom. She’s ready to beat whatever creature made the mistake of entering her sons home — pausing at the sight of her two sons.

“We need to put a lock on the sugar. I don’t know if my stomach can tolerate another Mabel’s Guide To Cooking experiment.” Ford grumbles. He opens the fridge, taking out a lemonade pitcher and pours out two glasses.

Stan’s chuckles. “Mhm. I know where you could get some sugar.”

Ford rolls his eyes at the cheesy line, having heard it a million times before. Thick fingers hook into the band of Ford’s boxers to reel him close to Stan. Ford narrows his eyes, raising an eyebrow as both his hands are preoccupied with glass, the condensation wetting his palms.

Stan grins, leaning in to steal a kiss.

It lasts for a mere few seconds before Caryn’s screams bloody murder.

The twins pull apart as if they’ve been electrocuted. Lemonade glasses crash into the sticky hardwood flooring, as they both snatch the nearest possible weapon. Stanley, an animal spinal cord with it’s ribs still attached. Stanford, a lamp.

“Mom? Mom, what’s wrong?” Stan asks, putting the bones down and taking a step closer. Caryn clutches the broom like a lifeline. She can only stare at this-this monster that’s inches closers with every step. He holds out his hand, presumably to take away the broom from her clutch. Motherly instinct kicks in, to protect Stanford from his own twin. Her arms rise to strike Stanley down. “Ow! Ow! Mom — that hurts! OW!”

“You freak!” Caryn screeches in agony and anger. Stan goes frigid underneath the safety of his arms from his mother’s blows. He looks down at his mother with her fury in his eyes — Stanley thinks she’s talking about Stanford. “You’re a monster!”

“I know it’s - OW! - the old age talking.” Stanley growls, one hand grabbing the handle of the broomstick. It only infuriates her further. “I don’t care if you’re our mom. I won’t let you talk about Stanford like that.”

“Mom, it’s really early in the morning. I think it’s better if we talk about whatever is bothering you with some breakfast.” Ford tries. They think she’s stupid. She’s known everything about them. How could she miss this? Ford places the lamp down, stepping closer to de-escalate the situation. “Please, stop hitting Stanley.”

“I saw you kissing your brother!” Caryn screams.

The twins freeze.

Caryn turns her focus back to Stanley. There’s no love for him anymore. Not for this depraved abomination corrupting her sons innocence. She tugs at the broom and the handle spilts in two. “How could you do this? After all the pain and misery you put us through, how could you?”

“Mom, I’m sorry—“ Stan starts.

Caryn doesn’t let him finish. She thrusts the broom handle forward like a sword and lets the splintered wood make a flesh wound into his left shoulder. Stan yells in pain, hand coming up to cover the bleeding.

“You ruined your own life! And now you you’re trying to drag your brother down with you!” She tries to strike another blow but misses as he stumbles backward, falling flat on his ass. Ironic, that even as he raises his uninjured arm to protect himself, it’s a strikingly all-to-familiar position. As a child protecting himself Filbrick’s coropal punishment.

Ford steps between them then, using himself as a shield to protect Stan from any further harm. “You’re worse than Filbrick. At least he wasn’t a fucking pervert for his own family! I want you dead, Stanley. DEAD!”

Ford takes the wooden handle out of her hands without a fight, tossing it away. Silence fills the room, none of them knowing what to say.

“Grunkle Stan?” Dipper calls from the kitchen entryway. The three of them snap their heads in his direction. He stands there with a bat in his hands, Mabel tucked safely behind him with her own grappling gun; looking worriedly at their bleeding Grunkle. Stanley scrambles onto his feet then, walking past the younger set of twins.

“Stanley, wait!” Ford calls for him. He raises his hand in a futile attempt to reach him, feet frozen in place as he lets the distance grow further. There’s the sharp sound of a door slamming, followed with a car speeding away from the Mystery Shack.

part two

[ber--32]

this art is so funny to me because like ????does edgeworth just go into phoenix's office to bother him???? that is wild. what is his deal.

[silverhalla]

brosca is the only one who will ever see Duncan as a savior, at the end of the war.

you’re a human noble. you’re a proud, happy member of house cousland. when howe betrays your family and you’re there, terrified, in the cellar with the shattered remains of your dying family, it’s you and your mother against the world. your mother: the pain-in-the-ass, hardheaded, spitfire of a woman that sassed you yesterday about manners is beside you, her eyes haggard and haunted. “He’s my husband,” she says, begging, like it’s the easiest thing in the world. “He’s your father, and he’s dying, and I love him. Whatever he faces next, he faces it with me.”

She cannot be argued with. She cannot be reasoned with. You can beg and beg and beg your mama to come with you, to survive beside you, but the outcome will always be the same. Duncan will ask you to leave, and she will choose to stay. How can you live with that?

(It’s poetic justice, perhaps, how quickly you come to understand it.)

—-

You are a dwarven princess, beloved of the house aeducan, noble of caste and certain of birthright, when your brother betrays you.

Not the brother you expected to betray you, of course. Your bosom friend, your sovereign sibling. The one who would’ve had your back eternally, if the wide expanse of the throne hadn’t stood in the way. If only love could’ve bridged the chasm. the warden bridges what Trian could not, what Bhelen would not - a last-minute pardon, excusing you from a game you never knew you were playing.

(you had a birthright, certainly, and it was taken from you. all else you cling to is stolen valor now.

checkmate.)

—-

You are the young bride tabris, and your husband stands there bleeding.

Your cousin has already been stolen away, and it hurts, how innocent she was, when so much of you had been stolen away. You would’ve stood in her place a thousand times, and all the evil, lecherous, unspeakably human hands in the world wouldn’t have stopped you, if it meant shielding Shianni. Your husband, bright-eyed and already dying, even if he knows it not, comes to save you. He does not know you, but he saves you from horrors that you have braced against a thousand times before, before he knew you, even if it does not matter. he is noble, in that way.

Duncan is noble too. He offers you a way out - a way out from your family, from your friends, from the only world you have ever - could ever - know. he offers you a chance to die on the battlefield instead of dying in the cellar, before you would ever know this suffering, the suffering laid on you at birth, by mere sin of being elven.

(To die without knowing. Isn’t that worse?)

—-

You are mahariel, free to the wind, to the rain, to the very corruption of nature.

shemlen in the forest was an ill enough omen. to come with grave warnings of burial grounds and curses and demons? you should have fixed your young dalish curses on them, da’len, on what they wrought, and you should’ve turned and fled

you did not, and, by your side, he did not. in another world, you would have lived by his side. in this one, you watch him die again and again.

(it is in your nature, after all, the watching over of dying things.)

—-

You are a mage, human or elven, and it makes little difference.

the maker hates you regardless, or so the templars say. You are good, perhaps, and you turn them in, or else you are kind. It matters little to Andraste, if she’s the one listening, or to anyone else.

Duncan speaks. He offers you refuge, outside of the Circle, far from home. You’ve never seen sunlight unobstructed before, let alone war. You have to choose - Tranquility, or a noble death, somewhere down the road.

(it isn’t a choice, not really. it was made for you before you were even born.)

—-

but you, grey warden, you are something special.

He offers you a worthy death, somewhere in that nebulous future, and you don’t have to worry about how it comes anymore. You know where death will take you - on the doorstep of one darkspawn or another, not here, gasping, in the dirt.

Your sister says this life is worth it.

And it is, isn’t it, for yourself, for your family, for the few lonely friends that you leave behind? for finally, desperately, clawing your w ay out of poverty, even when it costs you everything? for rica to be safe?

(It will be worth it.

It must be worth it.)

[serpentface]

Wardi singular pronouns

Wardi language has a large set of pronouns, which are mostly differentiated along lines of gender and social familiarity and/or deference. Some older predecessors of the Wardi language were heavily gendered (with most parts of speech having a linguistic gender, trending towards -a sounds being masculine and -e/-i being feminine). This feature has been greatly reduced over time, but has trace remains in many nouns and is still present in verb and pronoun forms.

Here's most of the singular pronouns.

notes:

- a vowel with a diacritic (ä ë ï ö ü) indicates that this vowel begins/forms a new syllable where it otherwise wouldn't (within the spelling conventions I use). IE: 'oüye is pronounced [oʊ u: je] with three syllables, while 'ouye' would be pronounced [oʊ: je] with two syllables.

-a (') symbol indicates two words/parts of speech contracted and spoken as one (often with a glottal stop).

-a (-) symbol indicates two words/parts of speech spoken separately, with meaning formed in their adjacent positions.

I/me

[masculine]: Ya

[feminine]: Yi

ex. "I'm from Odkoto" = "Odkoto-ande (yi) oüye" (1:1 literal english: "Odkoto from I (I) am") Odkoto- city Ande - postposition meaning 'from' Yi- "I" (feminine). This is wholly optional in this sentence, as the verb already implies "I am". Both options are grammatically correct, but including the pronoun sounds highly formal and unnatural for everyday speech. Accessory pronouns like this will typically only be added for heavy emphasis, and often only in formal register. Oüye - the verb 'ouy' ('to be', constant state) in its I-feminine form.

My/mine (possessive)

[masculine]: A'ya

[feminine]: A'yi

ex: "my eyes are brown" "Jië-achital a'ya oüta wareg" (1:1 literal english) "(dual) eye mine are brown" Jië-achital - 'achital' is the anatomical eye, 'jië' is a plural article always denoting dual quantities. A'ya - my (masculine), possessive Oüta- the verb 'ouy' ('to be' (constant state)) conjugated in its object-neutral form. Wareg- a color word for dark brown

Me (receiver of an object/postposition)

[masculine] : Ya-(postposition)

[feminine]: Yi-(postposition)

ex: "bring the olives to me" " As'aloga ya-on basatse." (1:1 literal english) "(the many) olive me-to bring" Ya-on- me (masculine) with the postposition 'on' meaning 'to' Basatse - the verb 'basat' ('to bring') in its 2nd person masculine informal) conjugated form. As'aloga: 'aloga' is olive, in plural form via the prefix article 'as' (denotes a quantity greater than two). (Some words will register as plural with the otherwise singular article 'a' (if you're talking about a field of barley, you can say "a'wainyota" (the barley) instead of "as'wainyota" (the many barley) unless you Really want to emphasize just how much barley there is)

---

3rd person forms are divided by gender and level of familiarity and/or deference. Exclusively high-deference 3rd person singular pronouns exist, but are somewhat antiquated and rare in common vernacular. These are the ones an average person will use in their daily life.

3rd person singular - He + She

He- (familiar/nondeferential): At

He- (unfamiliar/deferential): Ataya

She- (familiar/nondeferential): Et

She- (unfamiliar/deferential): Eteya

Ex: "He is a lowly thief" - "Cu'dagiba sonetil (at) oäye" (1:1 literal english) "a thief lowly (he) he is" Cu'dagiba- 'dagiba' means 'thief', 'one who steals', the 'cu' prefix functions as 'a/an'. Use of the 'cu' article is antiquated and only tends to be retained in formal register, most people will just say 'dagiba' here (the function of 'a'/'an' is strongly implied by using any noun unaccompanied by a 'the/that' or plural article). Sonetil - 'lowly', 'disgraceful' At- non-deferential 'he' pronoun, not necessary in this sentence. Oäye- the verb 'ouy' 'to be' (constant state) in 3rd person non-deferential masculine present tense form.

3rd person possessive - His + Her

His- (familiar/nondeferential): a'at

His- (unfamiliar/deferential): a'ataya

Her- (familiar/nondeferential): a'et

Her- (unfamiliar/deferential): a'eteya

Ex: "Her brother is handsome" - "Hittiba a'eteya oächuya emsut" (1:1 literal english) "brother her is handsome" Emsut- "handsome", "good-looking", usually implies masculine beauty. The word "coutomara" can work here too (this one specifies facial features). Hittiba- "brother" A'eteya - deferential possessive form of 'her' Oächuya- 'ouy' (to be, constant) conjugated in present tense 3rd person masculine deferential form.

3rd person him + her (receiver of an object/postposition)

Him (familiar): at-(postposition)

Him (deferential): ataya-(postposition)

Her (familiar): et-(postposition)

Her (deferential): eteya-(postposition)

Ex: "Give the medicine to her" - "A'jenum eteya-on gaibeyatse" or 'A'jenum eteya-on goëye" (1:1 literal english) "The medicine her-to (you) give." "the medicine her-to (you) GIVE." A'jenum - 'jenum' means medicine, the 'a' prefix places it in 'the' singular form. Gaibeyatse- the verb gaibeyat ('to give' or 'to provide') in present tense non-deferential second person masculine form. This version of 'to give' is non-urgent and can describe both literal and figurative acts of giving. Goëye- the verb 'gouy' ('to give') in present tense non-deferential second person masculine form. This version of 'to give' is squarely practical and commanding, and suggests urgency. Eyeta-on- 'her' pronoun with the '-on' postposition, which corresponds to 'to'.

---

There are three other major 3rd-person singular pronouns.

Neutral (personified): Ou

Ou/A'Ou/Ou-(postposition)

This pronoun doesn't translate very well. It is used for people/animals/spirits of unknown gender, plants, weather, bodies of water, landscapes, etc. Anything considered to have a soul, living spirit, or to be an aspect of God's living spirit (which is essentially everything) can be referred to as such. Most things referred to with 'ou' (for any reason outside of simple gender uncertainty) might instead be given male/female pronouns instead, context depending.

This is only used for humans when the gender is completely uncertain (usually referring to an unknown individual). If someone's appearance is androgynous, the average Wardi speaker will just make a guess rather than using 'ou'.

Neutral (non-personified): Tlay

Tlay/A'Tlay/Tlay-(postposition).

This functions as an 'it' pronoun, and is only used in cases of complete non-personification. This is often on a subjective basis, the same object or concept may be referred to with 'ou' instead depending on the context.

Deified neutral personified: Ouyii

Ouyii/A'Ouyii/Ouyii-(postposition)

Translated as the capital I 'It', used for direct invocations of God and Its aspects.

---

There is only one standard form of second person pronoun, which is non-gendered (older gendered 'you's are fully obsolete) and always expresses familiarity.

You: datse

Ex: "You look beautiful." - "(datse) Dachetse jaimara " or "(datse) Uyetse jaimara" (1:1 literal english) "beautiful you appear" "beautiful you are" Jaimara- 'pretty' or 'beautiful', usually describing feminine qualities Datse- you, not necessary in this sentence Dachetse- the verb 'dachat 'to appear' in you (familiar/nondeferential feminine) present tense conjugation. Uyetse- the verb 'uyat' ('to be' (impermanent state)) in present tense 2nd person feminine-familiar conjugated form.

Your (possessive): a'datse

Ex: "Your fucking dog bit me!" "Chin dlacoupiba a'datse ya kotagare!" (1:1 literal english) "Dog sodomizer your me bit" Chin: dog Dlacoupiba: translates closer to 'buggerer/sodomizer' than 'fucking', but translation as 'fucking' is more tonally accurate (both are being used as adjectives, both are expressing intense disdain, both are utilizing sexual vulgarity) a'datse: your (possessive) ya: me kotagare: the verb "kotat" ("to bite)" in 3rd-person neutral past tense conjugation.

You (receiver of an object/postposition) : datse-(postposition)

Ex: "The horse belongs to you" = "A'tsimouna datse-on toleye" A'tsimouna: "horse" with the "a" ("the"/singular) article prefix Datse-on: "you" with the 'on' (to) postposition. Toleye: the verb "toluy" (to belong, in a sense of being owned as property) in its 3rd person present tense feminine non-deferential form (gendering the horse).

Use of the datse/"you" pronoun implies familiarity and is inappropriate to use in situations requiring deference or with unfamiliar company. In these situations, it can be replaced with a person's family name or an honorific.

ie:

"Odebinae uyetse jaimara" (polite, non-deferential, uses family name) (while a 'you' pronoun could be entirely omitted in this sentence (thus avoiding the need for 'you' avoidance to begin with), including the name in its implied place is very polite and emphasizes this compliment)

"Chin dlacoupiba a'hachata-Haidamane ya kotagare!" (polite(?), uses both the highly deferential 'lord' honorific and family name, while still calling the dog a sodomizer)

"A'tsimouna amsa-on toleye" (polite, uses deferential 'amsa' ('sir') honorific)

[kujakumai]

"What's Ryou Bakura's level of English proficiency" is honestly an interesting question if you ignore the dub canon and assume he has no ties to britain. He's a good-natured nerd but switching schools a bunch of times can't be good for your grades even if you take out all the classes he would miss by getting stabbed or having a ghost take over his body; he's a TTRPG fanatic, a genre only available in English at its incipience, but I think by the late 90s there were enough translated or Japanese-made titles available that knowing English wouldn't have been a strict pre-requisite; he's implied to be pretty well-traveled via his dad and has lived outside Japan, but that was in Egypt, not an English-speaking country.

I could readily accept a world where Bakura has much better English than anyone else in the gang and I could equally readily accept a world where he's basically as bad as Jonouchi, or he's really bad except specifically when the sentence involves the over-the-top fantasy vocabulary you'd find in Wizardry, or he speaks no English whatsoever but has middling Cairene Arabic.

[imjustavenuxwithaboomerang]

i'd let bearded and fanged ben ruin my life

[eggwishing]

library folk

[vvivacious101]

What is up with JIBCON this year?

Didn't the Cockles panel used to be the last event before the closing ceremony? Why did they change it up? Also, why was it so short? Didn't their panel used to be an hour long at least?

I am so confused.

[mixelation]

If someone lets you pick any pronoun and you go for the most basic and obvious one it feels like a failure of imagination, you know?

yeah like. am i being tested??? is there REALLY no preference or will someone judge my pronoun knowledge? am *i* making a judgement? what if i forget halfway through a sentence what pronoun i was using. please have mercy

[rotzaprachim]

it’s been said by sooo many people before but it’s so unfuriating how Celtic languages aren’t overly difficult but learning them can be because they’re critically endangered, have undergone centuries of repression, are very very unusual members of the indo European family tree (yes I think they’re definitively Indoeuropean and hypothesized Semitic ties are all hogwash yes I also think Ghàidhlig is fascinatingly parallel to Biblical Hebrew, and frequently suffer from having the worst teaching methods imaginable

[finnlongman]

I'm working on typing up my Oidheadh Con Culainn translation and turning glosses into full sentences, and I just hit §34, which is an extended description of Cú Chulainn's ríastrad.

I've got to say. Even having read a lot of ríastrad descriptions in my time and having a vague idea of what kind of word combinations we might be dealing with here... these sentences are completely unpredictable, which means I did just spend ten minutes typing one out only to eventually go, "Yeah, I have no idea what that means."

Also, I've got a word that might mean sinew/muscle or might mean penis. I'm assuming it's the former, because it appears to be plural. But, uh, I've been doing this long enough not to rule anything out.

"And it made a many-shaped unrecognisable terror of him" IT SURE DID

[pharmaciacatholica]

crazy how almost all of my mutuals’ mutuals who aren’t also my mutuals have me blocked

even crazier is that i was gone for literally 2 years and havent been back a month yet

[ideologyofone]

When I make the code to the firelights strategy office spell out Powder and no one notices 😔

[ladyylumos]

i know an em dash HATES to see me coming

[legoliomanikas]

"Rather than collecting jewels that have already been shaped... I'm more fascinated by the process of turning an unrefined stone into a precious gem"

[Instagram]

(bonus images under the cut)

If you can't read my handwriting:

"Had a headcanon that some of Aventurine's most-used jewelery were gifts from Jade during the early days of him joining the IPC...

(...since his continued retaining of material objects serve as an extension of his character, representing different eras in his life:

Still holding onto items from his family (child era)

Wearing multiple rings on one hand + a watch in his main outfit (post-slavery era; emulating the style of his old slaveowner)

Ratio's note being a physical reminder to continue living (post 2.1 era; ratio being a 'supporting role' to aventurine's own mental health reflection + representing a bond he has in the current day, despite all his past losses).

Given Jade's importance in him becoming Aventurine a Stoneheart, it would make sense if he has something from her as well to represent that significant life transition.)

...so it was very funny that after I started drawing this it was confirmed that she does gift her proteges stuff LOL.

(And then it sat on my computer for a bajillion years until I posted it now RIP.)"