#German Bible with Modern Text

[mybeautifulchristianjourney]

Sprueche 29:23 Die Hoffart des Menschen wird ihn stürzen; aber der Demütige wird Ehre empfahen.

A person's pride will humble him, but a humble spirit will gain honor. — Proverbs 29:23 | German Bible with Modern Text (GBMT) and Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) The German Bible with modernized text courtesy of Crosswire.org, made available in electronic format by Michael Bolsinger and Holman Christian Standard Bible ® Copyright © 2003, 2002, 2000, 1999 by Holman Bible Publishers. All rights reserved. Cross References: Proverbs 11:12; Proverbs 15:33; Matthew 23:12; Luke 14:11; Luke 18:14; James 4:6; James 4:10

[girlactionfigure]

Me: I don’t deny your identity. I acknowledge Palestinians exist today.

Them: Jesus was a Palestinian, not a Jew!

Me: Well, no - he was a Jewish rabbi. He had a bris, kept Shabbat, kept kosher, & his “Last Supper” was a Passover Seder. Besides, nobody would be called “Palestinian” for ~1,900 years after #Jesus died.

Them: Jews are #Khazars with no history in Palestine!

Me: Well, no - millions of DNA samples have now scientifically proven that Ashkenazi Jews (like their Sephardi & Mizrahi brothers & sisters) originate from the Levant (Israel).

Ashkenazi Jews migrated to the Rhineland (western #Germany) between 800-900 CE. 

#Yiddish - the language spoken by #Ashkenazi Jews for a millennia - is a mixture of Jews’ original Hebrew & adopted #German.

Meanwhile, there is no evidence of any Khazar influence on Ashkenazi customs, language, or culture.

The #Khazar tale (claiming some or many Turkic Khazars converted to #Judaism), while interesting, is not supported by any archeological evidence, and can be considered nothing more than a story.

Besides, it’s unassailable that the Ashkenazim were living ~1,500 miles from the Khazars, which may as well have been on the moon in the Middle Ages.

Them: Palestinians are Canaanites, the original inhabitants of the Land!

Me: Well, no - there’s zero evidence the Palestinians are Canaanites. This theory followed other similarly false claims over the past several decades that the Palestinians descend from the Philistines (an ancient Aegean Greek “sea people”) and even the Jebusites - a people for whom there is no evidence outside of the Bible of their having ever existed (if they did, they have been gone for at least 3,000 years).

One thing is clear, all of these recent tall tales about Palestinians’ ancient roots in “Palestine” were created in an attempt to delegitimize the State of Israel & not as some academic attempt to find Palestinian roots.

The #Canaanites (who spoke a language similar to #Hebrew, not #Arabic) have been extinct for more than 3,000 years; and there are no #Canaanite influences in any modern Palestinian language, culture, cuisine, customs, or religion.

Furthermore, DNA studies now prove Canaanites are closest in descension to modern-day Armenians & Western Iranians - but, culturally, there has not been a “Canaanite” people in ~3,000 years.

Meanwhile, there is a practically infinite amount of archeological, biblical & non-biblical text, and architectural evidence proving beyond any doubt that Jews lived in the Land of Israel continuously for more than 3,200 years.

Arabs only started arriving in Eretz Israel in significant numbers during the Arab Imperial conquest out of the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula in the mid 7th century CE when the Land was still majority-occupied by ~350,000 Jews.

Arab conquerers #colonized the Land of Israel & subjugated the Jewish majority.

That’s right, the Arabs were the #colonizers - this is historical fact no matter how much that might make your head hurt.

Them: The Jews are foreigners who stole Palestinian land!

Me: Ok, now you’ve officially ticked me off by repeatedly denying MY identity - one that was OBVIOUS to everyone before the last ~55 years when KGB-inspired propaganda went into mass effect in an effort to delegitimize Israel.

Can’t say the same about your identity … even though I keep trying to offer to respect it!

The Arabs only ruled Eretz Israel after conquering it in the 7th century & until they were kicked out by the Seljuks ~400 years later. Never during that time, did they even attempt to establish an Arab or #Muslim state or capital anywhere in Eretz Israel (Jerusalem is never mentioned in the Koran, and while the city is holy to Sunni Muslims, it is not holy to Shia Muslims).

And during the time of Arab rule, there was obviously no state or country called “Palestine.”

Then, during the 400 years before the start of the British Mandate around 1920, the Land was a distant & severely neglected province of the Ottoman #Turkish Empire.

In fact, in the late 19th century, as Jews began moving back to their homeland in larger numbers, there were only ~200,000 people living there (mostly a sparse, nomadic population), and Jews were the majority in #Jerusalem.

Post-WWI, the League of Nations (the precursor to the UN) legally granted Britain a "sacred trust" called the Mandate for Palestine (a name given to the land by Roman Emperor Hadrian in 135 CE).

The Mandate for Palestine was the least controversial of the 15 post-WWI mandates because everyone KNEW Jews were from “Palestine.”

So the Mandate for Palestine, which included the legal requirement for Britain to aid in the establishment of a Jewish National Home, passed unanimously by the League of Nations.

Among other things, the unanimously passed & legally-binding Mandate recognized “the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country.”

Besides, before the Jews started returning to the Land in large numbers in the late 19th century, it had become almost entirely war-torn ruins, arid desert & malarial swamps.

But the returning Jews were determined to rebuild their homeland; and the evidence is undeniable that Jewish labor & the Western technology they brought along helped to make the desert bloom again.

The result of a new booming economy in the midst of mostly rural, undeveloped land is no surprise; and hundreds of thousands of Arabs from neighboring lands immigrated to Mandate Palestine in the early to mid 20th century.

In fact, once Arabs began to rebel against the Jews (with pogroms & full-blown barbaric massacres on a particularly wide scale in 1920, 1921, 1929, and in 1936-1939), they made extremely clear to the British that they resented the name “Palestine,” which they claimed (incorrectly) was a modern Zionist invention.

For example, at the British Peel Commission in 1937 (looking into Arab riots from the year before), local Arab leader Audi Bey Abdul-Hadi testified that “[t]here is no such country [as Palestine]! Palestine is a term the Zionists invented!”

Again, during the 1946 Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry that was set-up to make recommendations for the territory, Arab-American historian Philip Hitti testified, “There is no such thing as Palestine in [Arab] history, absolutely not.”

The Arab position was not particularly surprising, as "Palestine” is not an Arab word (Arabic does not even have a letter “P” or a sound for “P,” which is why you often hear Arabs today pronounce it with a “B” as “Balastine”).

The Arabs in the Land at that time mostly identified with their local clan & otherwise considered themselves “Arabs” of “Southern Syria.”

In fact, just about anyone who was called a “Palestinian” pre-1948 was a #Jew.

This is why nobody made any attempt to create a “Palestinian state” during the 19 years between 1948 and 1967 in which #Egypt occupied #Gaza & #Jordan occupied the “#WestBank.”

The hard truth - even though I’m still acknowledging a #Palestinian people exists today - is that an Arab “Palestinian” identity was created for the first time in any signifiant way at the height of the Cold War in the mid-1960s & at the behest of the #Soviet#KGB, which wanted to expand its influence in the region, undermine the only democracy in the Middle East, and which had been repeatedly embarrassed by Israeli victories over invading Soviet-backed & Soviet-armed Arab states.

So the KGB wrote the ridiculous “Palestine Liberation Organization” (PLO) charter & molded Yasser Arafat at what was known as “KGB U” in #Moscow to use #terror & #propaganda to destabilize Israel.

Over the decades since then, many Arabs in the Land have come to self-identify as “Palestinians.”

Even among Palestinians today, however, many still identify with their clan over a separate “Palestinian” nationality (e.g., the clans do not intermarry & many are constantly engaged in some degree of violent conflict).

And the 2 million+ Arabs citizens of the State of Israel (who have equal protection under the law & more rights & privileges than they would have in any Arab and/or Muslim country on Earth) almost exclusively identify as either #Israeli-#Arabs or as simply #Israelis - not as #Palestinians.

Them: #Jews … I mean #Zionists … are bad, ok? Just ask the UN.

Me: Right. Just ask the #UN 

Captain Allen

@CptAllenHistory

[drogba-prospect]

Angel

Mercury - Tiriel

In medicine, Mercury is associated with the nervous system, the brain, the respiratory system, the thyroid and the sense organs. It is traditionally held to be essentially cold and dry, according to its placement in the zodiac and in any aspects to other planets.

Astrology, Mercury represents the principles of communication, mentality, thinking patterns, rationality/reasoning, adaptability and variability. Mercury governs schooling and education, the immediate environment of neighbors, siblings and cousins, transport over short distances, messages and forms of communication such as post, email and telephone, newspapers, journalism and writing, information gathering skills and physical dexterity.

Saint

Mars - Sébastien

Sebastian is a popular male saint, especially today among athletes.[3][4] In medieval times, he was regarded as a saint with a special ability to intercede to protect from plague, and devotion to him greatly increased when plague was active. As a protector from the bubonic plague, Sebastian was formerly one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. In Catholicism, Sebastian is the patron saint of archers, pin-makers, athletes (a modern association) and of a holy death.

Diety

Mercury - Ogun

As a father creates his tools, the children of Ogun open their own paths to what they want. They are conquerors and act quite artistically. It is curiosity that leads them to unravel things and discover the paths on their own. Ogun is the orisha of iron and war. The great warrior who gives his children a lot of will to fight for what they want and a great power of conquest. In matters of the heart, he loves to take the initiative. He rules impulsive and temperamental people.

Elements

As the “scout signs” which generate the seasons, cardinal signs govern creativity. These signs are restless, active, self-motivated, ambitious, and they often are the leaders in their communities. They can be a bit domineering, but that comes part and parcel with their best qualities of being enterprising, independent, creative, spontaneous and forceful.

Plutonium Lightning and Ice

Bible

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (German: Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus) is a book written by Max Weber, a German sociologist, economist, and politician. Begun as a series of essays, the original German text was composed in 1904 and 1905, and was translated into English for the first time by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1930.[1] It is considered a founding text in economic sociology and a milestone contribution to sociological thought in general.

CALEBISM Rosicrucian Fellowship (CRF) Mercury-Mars-Pluto Invocation Planetary Intelligence Planetary Heavens of Astrology Astral Body as Religion

Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new esoteric order. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rosy Cross or Rose Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations, since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).

The Rosicrucian Fellowship (TRF) ("An International Association of Christian Mystics") was founded in 1909 by Max Heindel with the aim of heralding the Aquarian Age and promulgating "the true Philosophy" of the Rosicrucians.[1] It claims to present Esoteric Christian mysteries or esoteric knowledge, alluded to in Matthew 13:11 and Luke 8:10, to establish a meeting ground for art, religion, and science and to prepare the individual through harmonious development of the mind and the heart for selfless service of humanity.[2]

The school's teachings hold that man is a Spirit with all the powers of God, powers that are being slowly unfolded in a series of existences (rebirths) in a gradually-improving body, a process under the guidance of exalted Beings ordering our steps in a decreasing measure as man gradually acquires intellect and will. For this purpose we live many lives[18] of increasingly fine texture and moral character. Through the "Law of Cause and Consequence" we constantly set new causes into operation which will create new destiny to balance and improve the old destiny brought from the past. All causes set into action in one life cannot be ripened in one existence but "Whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap".

The astral body is a subtle body posited by many philosophers, intermediate between the intelligent soul and the mental body, composed of a subtle material.[1] In many recensions the concept ultimately derives from the philosophy of Plato though the same or similar ideas have existed all over the world well before Plato's time: it is related to an astral plane, which consists of the planetary heavens of astrology. The term was adopted by nineteenth-century Theosophists and neo-Rosicrucians.

The word "possession" is used here in its neutral form to mean "a state (sometimes psychological) in which an individual's normal personality is replaced by another". This is also sometimes known as 'aspecting'. This can be done as a means of communicating with or getting closer to a deity or spirit, and as such need not be viewed synonymously with demonic possession. In some religious traditions including Paganism, Shamanism and Wicca, "invocation" means to draw a spirit or Spirit force into one's own body and is differentiated from "evocation", which involves asking a spirit or force to become present at a given location

The Rose Cross (also called Rose Croix and Rosy Cross) is a symbol largely associated with the legendary Christian Rosenkreuz; Christian Kabbalist, alchemist, and founder of the Rosicrucian Order.[1][2] The Rose Cross is a cross with a rose at its centre, often red, golden or white[3] and symbolizes the teachings of a Western esoteric tradition with Christian tenets.[4][5][6]

Mercury (Sun)-Pluto (Moon)-Mars (Rising)

Trinity Invocation Possession: Angel, Saint, et Deity (Ex. Mercury Angel, Mars Saint, Ogun)

Caleb Faith Pendant is a beautiful reminder of faith and devotion: Crown of Life & Crown of Glory, Palm Frond; Rum; & Cigarillos, Heavenly Soldier Tudor Rose, Holy Death

Caleb Patronage: Boxers, Arithmetic Skills, Musicians, Rhum et Tabac, Painters, Chefs, Robbers, Guns, (Pain Killers) Prescription Drugs, Poverty Trap, Gold, Diamants, Potatoes, British Game Meat Deli Rolls-Waffle Sandwiches

Saints as Dieties: Because of this, saints were considered to be spiritual guides and mentors, who would add their prayers in heaven to those offered by Christians still living in the material world. In this way, they would “intercede” with God on behalf of those who asked for their aid. Intercession of the Saints is a Christian doctrine that maintains that saints can intercede for others. To intercede is to go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the other. The practice of praying to saints for their intercession can be found in Christian writings from the 3rd century onwards. Intercessory prayer is the act of asking a saint in heaven to pray on behalf of oneself or for others.[1]

A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case")[1] is a sacred or holy space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated.[2] A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar. (Saint Sebastian)

Basilicas are Catholic church buildings that have a designation, conferring special privileges, given by the Pope. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular building with a central nave flanked by two or more longitudinal aisles). Basilicas are either major basilicas, of which there are four, all in the Diocese of Rome, or minor basilicas*, of which there were 1,810 worldwide as of 2019. (Saint Sebastian)

Mix Plantation Agronomics, Slovaj Hegelo-Lacanian (Philosophy of Spirit and Culture), Shaman Oversoul Philosophy, Five Heavenly Crowns, De Coelesti Hierarchia, St. Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica for a Tchad Angelology Treatise Philosophy Bible.

Aesthetics and Religion

Abstract

A systematic consideration of the multiple relationships between aesthetics and religion demands a sorting-out of concepts and issues. “Aesthetics” may be understood as practice (art) and as theory. It can refer to a number of overlapping subjects, including art, symbol, feeling, beauty, taste, imagination, and perception. A theological or religious aesthetics considers any of these topics in the light of God, revelation, and the sacred. The contemporary world has seen a renewal of interest in religious aesthetics. Art has been increasingly recognized as an important theological “text” that complements the written word, and as a crucial component of communication of the Christian message. The theological consideration of art and beauty is made complex by the secularization of the contemporary world, which raises the question of the relation of aesthetics to Christian “conversion.”

Island Records Model

Each Club has a Bassline Genre

Ex. Beach Club, Night Club, and Hôtel Raves

Each Label has an Energy Drink

Mixing

Prémix Vocal Auto Tune

Arpeggio Scales Melody without Highs or Lows

Syncopated Percussions

Dance EQ

Mozart Effect Audio Clips

Beat Process

Layered 808s

Saw 303 Pedal

Simple Snare

Saw 303-Arpeggio Scales

Lyrics

Refrain (Saw 303-Arpeggio Scales & Syncopated Percussions)

Refrain (Saw 303-Arpeggio Scales & Syncopated Percussions)

Refrain (Saw 303-Arpeggio Scales, Saw 303 Pedal, & Syncopated Percussions)

Verse (Tension Release)

Ballards (Lyrics)

Cover Art

Headshots with Graffiti Tag

Pick-up Song Title

Ex. Friends with Benefits

Cologne-Spirits Sponsored Mixtapes

Vodka

Fougère

Genre Influences: Sean Paul Tomahawk Technique; Unruly (Popcaan) Where We Come From; (UK) Drum n' Bass Production

The effects of dancehall genre on adolescent sexual and violent behavior in Jamaica: A public health concern

Aim: To determine the extent to which dancehall music/genre impacts adolescent behavior.

Results: Of the 100 adolescent cases (50 male, 50 female), females (40%) were more likely to gravitate to sexually explicit lyrical content than their male counterparts (26%). Females (74%) were also more likely to act upon lyrical contents than males (46%). There was no significant difference where males (100%) and females (98%) subconsciously sings the dancehall lyrics even without hearing it; as well as inspire their dreams 64% and 62% respectively. However, more females (74%) than males (46%) acted on lyrical contents of the dancehall genre.

Dancehall Culture

Donna P. Hope defines dancehall culture as a "space for the cultural creation and dissemination of symbols and ideologies that reflect the lived realities of its adherents, particularly those from the inner cities of Jamaica."[41] Dancehall culture actively creates a space for its "affectors" (creators of dancehall culture) and its "affectees" (consumers of dancehall culture) to take control of their own representation, contest conventional relationships of power, and exercise some level of cultural, social and even political autonomy.

Kingsley Stewart outlines ten of the major cultural imperatives or principles that constitute the dancehall worldview. They are:

It involves the dynamic interweaving of God and Haile Selassie

It acts as a form of stress release or psycho-physiological relief

It acts as a medium for economic advancement

The quickest way to an object is the preferred way (i.e., the speed imperative)

The end justifies the means

It strives to make the unseen visible

Objects and events that are external to the body are more important than internal processes; what is seen is more important than what is thought (i.e., the pre-eminence of the external)

The importance of the external self; the self is consciously publicly constructed and validated

The ideal self is shifting, fluid, adaptive, and malleable, and

It involves the socioexistential imperative to transcend the normal (i.e., there is an emphasis on not being normal).

Yvës’s & Delëvoix's Grigori Sin

Thorn Crown (Sin, Passion, Glory)

Raver’s Birth (Visual-Spatial—Kinaesthetic Learner Gemini-Cardinal Sign-Mars (Men) Gemini-Cardinal Sign-Moon (Women) Planetary Intelligence Birth; Chromosomes Prenatal Hormones, Sensory processing disorder (SPD) Fetus Alcohol Consumption)-Audio Clips Extended Production-Raiding Warfare Capture thé Flag (Fornication and Adultery)

Culture Theory (Esthétique Antagonique) (Hersey)

Cinnamon and Spice Speech (Fornication)

Cul-de-sac Drugs Mink Mile Warlordism

cul-de-sac est Sub-culture for Prescription Médication with After Hours Esthétique 

Solvent Levelling Effect Chemical Reaction Engineering et Placebo Effect (manufacturing), Suicide Tuesdays Levelling Effect (Rolling Tobacco, Oxytocin, Pain Killers, and Hydrocolloids Ecstasy) [Brain Receptors Dealing], Cash Back Program (Buy within 3 days of paycheck for extra Tobacco), Razor-Razor Blade C2C: Streetwear and PC Gaming (Business Model), Popcorn Marketing (Prices) Ecstasy-Opiods Singer-Dealers/Ecstasy-Xanax Producers-Drug Robbery (Rave Teams), et Hotel Chains Budgeting, Real Estate Brokerage Trust Account (Money)

Safrole Oil et Opium mixed with Soil for Flowers, meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine

Mu Receptors for Opioids et NMDA Receptors for Ecstasy

Business Model: Lean enterprise is sometimes simply referred to as "lean." Although both terms came into popular usage in the 1990s, the concept itself was devised by Toyota Motor Corporation when it introduced the Toyota Production System (TPS). Developed by Eiji Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno, the Toyota Production System (TPS) integrated socio-technical management philosophy and was practiced between 1948 and 1975. The lean enterprise philosophy was also inspired by telecommunications giant Motorola, which implemented a manufacturing principle known as Lean Six Sigma in 1986. The concept of work cells is based on the platform of lean manufacturing, which focuses on value creation for the end customer and reduction of wastage. Work cells, which are also referred to as workcells, are typically found in manufacturing and office environments. Manufacturing cells are sets of machines that are grouped by the products or parts that they produce. This type of system is used in the cellular manufacturing concept and is distinct from the traditional functional manufacturing system, which groups all similar machines together. Insurance companies base their business models around assuming and diversifying risk. The essential insurance model involves pooling risk from individual payers and redistributing it across a larger portfolio. Most insurance companies generate revenue in two ways: Charging premiums in exchange for insurance coverage, then reinvesting those premiums into other interest-generating assets. Like all private businesses, insurance companies try to market effectively and minimize administrative costs.

White Collar Sub-collar Crime 

Red

Grey

Dark Psychology

Social Scalping

Feminist Manipulation 

Creating an External Enemy

Frame Control

Erotic Self Care

Citric Acid Pills

Seamen Volume Pills 

Hyaluronic Acid Pénis Filler

Rings Gymnastics

Weighted Jump Rope 

Capture thé Flag Raiding Guérilla Warfare

Prophylaxis: (Putting Self in an Advantage while putting Opponent in Disadvantage) and Initiative: Making Threats or Responding to Threats (Chess Psychology)

Three Circles of Emotional Regulation (Drive System, Soothing System, Threat System)

Machine Pistols et Molotov Cocktails 

Trafficking P4P and Embezzlement are my Short Sentencing Laws.

Holacracy Structure

Owner — Gold Refinery, Lapidary, Textile Mills, Foundry, Real Estate Brokerage Trust Account

CEO — Painter (Art Gallery et Artisanal Real Estate Money)

Culture Antagonique for Big Pharma avec After Hours Esthétique, Art Gallery Painters is an Industrial Subculture for Nuit Blanche.

CSO — Chef (Imports)

Culture Antagonique for Bocuse d'or avec After Hours Esthétique, Pool Rooftop Hotel Chefs is an Industrial Subculture for Québécois Gastronomique.

Marketing Director — Olfactory Arts Model

Culture Antagonique for Pitti Uomo avec After Hours Esthétique, Baisers Parfumé Festivals is an Industrial Subculture for Fougère Models.

Promoter — Synth n' Grind Artist et Tennis

Synecdoqu Argot Cul-de-sac 

Rajoux: answer my question or there is a Gun in your mouth.

Pardicé Minuit: Sensory experience and cultural expression

Cul-de-sac: I sell pills for a living.

Baisons: Fuck me tonight

Bayens: Can I have your number for a date 

Braqons: Let’s bang this out 

Calmais: I am using Fear not Trust

Garçez: Lawless Urban Youth

Martyr-Congo: Head on thé Floor or Diamant

Pécho: Gangster

Pécho is verlan for the French word ‘choper,’ which translates to grab. However, pécho takes that word to a new level. It can mean things like ‘to date someone,’ ‘to buy drugs,’ ‘to sleep with someone,’ or even… ‘to grab something.’ Use it carefully!

Bastille: Trap Artist Résidences

The Storming of the Bastille (French: Prise de la Bastille [pʁiz də la bastij]) occurred in Paris, France, on 14 July 1789, when revolutionary insurgents attempted to storm and seize control of the medieval armoury, fortress and political prison known as the Bastille.

Diaphragm Expansion Inhales

Lung Inhale through Mouth, Release through pushing down Diaphragm, Diaphragm Nasal Inhale Catch.

Paradis Minuit Nez Qui Coule Inhale: Push Down Diaphragm Hold

Penthouse Complexes as Forts Party Invite Structure

5% of Squad has Girlfriends

Girls get invitéd to parties with no Sausage Fest and Trust Barrier is Broken for Hook Ups

Girls invite Girls to Bangers

Républiqons Sensual Virginty

De Coelesti Hierarchia Raves

Pluto Planetary Intelligence

Parking Ticket Free Brabus Dealerships (Angel Status)

Pool Access Lifeguard Summer Competitions

Ecstasy

Républiqons Dancehall

Undergarments Shopping

Oral Sex

Masturbation

Dirty Dancing

Sexting

Esthétique Antagonique

An Aesthetic Theory et Culture Antagonism avec Industrial Subculture, Heritage Assets, et Edgy Arts.

Union Minière

Tabac

Chocolat

Robusta

Diamant

Automobile

Vedette Bioesthétique

Women's Cosmétiques Procédure:

Heart Booty Lift

Diamond Face

Body Etching

Lipodissolve

Blonde Wavy Hair

Grey Eyes

Pheomelanin

Barre Exercise & Hyaluronic Fillers

Interior design is both a science and an art. When designing a space, we are creatively working to evoke a particular concept or emotion. This is the same process a painter uses.

Mâle Cosmétiques Procédure:

Diamond Face

Body Etching

Lippodisolve

Blonde Coils Hair

Grey Eyes

Pheomelanin

Hyaluronic Acid Pénis-Full Body Fillers and V-Taper Systematic Calisthenics Gymnastics Rings with Leucine, L-Carnitine, Créatine, and Keto BHB

COUP D'PIED Hyperarch Fascia ACE Gene Type IIx Supercompensation Training: Isometric Stretching, (Deadlift Complexes) Metabolic Resistance Training; 200m-High Jump Cross Training; French Contrast Warm Up 10 Seconds Wall Sit-30 Rounds Weighted Jump Rope Superset; Isometic-isotonic Dynamic Plank; Keto BHB for Metabolism, Creatine-L-Carnitine L-Tartrate-Leucine for mTOR are my Supplements.

Shaman King Culture Boxing Hooligans: Bassline Dancehall Républiqons EDM Football Skills YouTube, FIFA Mount Hermon (FIFA Street), cul-de-sac, Tournament Clinics Retained Earnings Youtube Money, Gambling Games: Rolle Cinq (Captain, Ship, Crew), Live-Pool Betting Monopoly, Armor-type Over Soul: These O.S. are the most efficient form of Furyoku-based constructs. Armor-types represent the pinnacle of O.S. magic and are the most practical type of O.S. because of their resilient, highly dense Furyoku composition. This method makes them equally formidable in terms of raw power. Plutonium Lightning Body Armour Syncrétism Oversoul

COUP D’PIED Club Fragrance Brand Activation: Leather: A family of fragrances featuring honey, tobacco, wood and wood tars in the middle or base notes and a scent that alludes to leather. Fougère (IPA: [fu.ʒɛʁ]): Meaning fern in French, built on a base of lavender, coumarin and oakmoss, with a sharp herbaceous and woody scent. Named for Houbigant's landmark fragrance Fougère Royale, many men's fragrances belong to this family. Amber or "Oriental": Large class featuring sweet, slightly animalic scents of ambergris or labdanum, often combined with vanilla, tonka bean, flowers and woods. Can be enhanced by camphorous oils and incense resins, evoking Victorian era "Oriental" imagery. Citrus: The oldest fragrance family that gave birth to lightweight eau de colognes. Development of newer fragrance compounds has allowed for the creation of more tenacious citrus fragrances. Chypre (IPA: [ʃipʁ]): Meaning Cyprus in French, this category is named after the François Coty's Chypre (1917), which was the first modern fragrance built on an accord of bergamot, oakmoss, and labdanum. Example: Guerlain Mitsouko, Rochas Femme (MODIFIER SCENT). Aquatic, Oceanic, Ozonic: The newest category, first appearing in 1988 Davidoff Cool Water (1988), Christian Dior Dune (1991). A clean smell reminiscent of the ocean, leading to many androgynous perfumes. Generally contains calone, a synthetic discovered in 1966, or more recent synthetics. Also used to accent floral, oriental, and woody fragrances. A fragrance wheel [1] also known as aroma wheel, fragrance circle, perfume wheel or smell wheel, is a circular diagram showing the inferred relationships among olfactory groups based upon similarities and differences in their odor [1]. The groups bordering one another are implied to share common olfactory characteristics. Fragrance wheel is frequently used as a classification tool in oenology and perfumery. Brand Activation is marketing that both builds a brand's image and drives a specific consumer action through one or more of six identifiable disciplines, which help bring a brand to life by connecting and interacting with the consumer on a personal level.

COUP D’PIED Crème au Rhum Casual Fashion House: Olfactory art is an art form that uses scents as a medium. Olfactory art includes perfume as well as other applications of scent. A business incubator is an organization that helps startup companies and individual entrepreneurs to develop their businesses by providing a fullscale range of services, starting with management training and office space, and ending with venture capital financing. Olfactory Arts Festivals and Business Incubators. For the men, short-sleeved dress shirts, golf shirts, and khaki pants or nice jeans all work. A long-sleeved button down with dressier shorts and boat shoes are fine, too. Espadrilles (Spanish: alpargatas or esparteñas; Catalan: espardenyes; Basque: espartinak, French: espadrilles)[1] are casual, rope-soled, flat but sometimes high-heeled shoes. They usually have a canvas or cotton fabric upper and a flexible sole made of esparto rope. The esparto rope sole is the defining characteristic of an espadrille; the uppers vary widely in style. Slip-ons are typically low, lace-less shoes. The style which is most commonly seen, known as a loafer, slippers, or penny loafers in American culture, has a moccasin construction. One of the first designs was introduced in London by Wildsmith Shoes, called the Wildsmith Loafer.[1] They began as casual shoes, but have increased in popularity to the point of being worn in America with business suits. Another design was introduced as Aurlandskoen (the Aurland Shoe) in Norway (early 20th century).[2] They are worn in many situations in a variety of colors and designs, often featuring tassels on the front, or metal decorations (the 'Gucci' loafer). For smokers, the first cigarette of the day is often accompanied by a cup of coffee. Researchers say this may be more than a habit, finding chemical compounds in roasted coffee beans may help quell the effects of morning nicotine cravings. Sangster's Original Jamaica Rum Cream Liqueur is a rum and cream based liqueur produced in Jamaica. It was invented by Dr. Ian Sangster, who arrived in Jamaica in 1967 with a contract to lecture at the University of the West Indies. A humidor is a humidity-controlled box or room used primarily for storing cigars, cigarettes, cannabis, or pipe tobacco. Either too much or too little humidity can be harmful to tobacco products; a humidor's primary function is to maintain a steady, desirable moisture level inside; secondarily it protects its contents from physical damage and deterioration from sunlight. For private use, small wooden boxes holding a few dozen or fewer cigars are common, while cigar shops may have walk-in humidors. Many humidors use hygrometers to monitor their humidity levels. Crème au Rhum Desserts cookbook, collection of recipes, instructions, and information about the preparation and serving of foods. At its best, a cookbook is also a chronicle and treasury of the fine art of cooking, an art whose masterpieces—created only to be consumed—would otherwise be lost. Cigar and Crème au Rhum Collection Books. A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called plantations. Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income. Prominent crops included Red Sandalwood, cotton, rubber, sugar cane, tobacco, figs, rice, kapok, sisal, and species in the genus Indigofera, used to produce indigo dye. Aftershave Balm Lotion Body Splash offers you a pleasant fragrance that is not overpowering, as it is lighter and less concentrated. The fragrance of a body splash typically lasts for up to 4 hours, which is why you will need to apply it at least twice a day for ensuring that the fragrance lasts till evening.

Jardins du Festival City

Chad Jardins Quatorze Saints Assistants [Favelas] (Jardins Gomorroha; Gomorrha. / (ɡəˈmɒrə) / noun. Old Testament one of two ancient cities near the Dead Sea, the other being Sodom, that were destroyed by God as a punishment for the wickedness of their inhabitants (Genesis 19:24) any place notorious for vice and depravity.)

Synecdoqu Républiqons Language Arts Culture Antagonique for Language Arts Français avec After Hours Esthétique, Synecdoqu Argot Cul-de-sac is Industrial Subculture for Patois (Yoruba Code Switching)

Culture Antagonique for Language Arts Français avec Dirty Realism Esthétique, Synecdoqu Républiqons is an Industrial Subculture for Patois (Yoruba Code Switching)

Pocket Pita Gastronomy/Diet: Charcuterie Rolls (Cinnamon Rolls Alternative) [Meat Pastry], Corn Flour, Sheep Cheese, Yukon Gold Potato, Black Beans, Rice Pudding, Root Végétable Salt, Avocados, Bananas, Nectarines, Jack Rabbit (Éléments: Fruits and Veggies as D-asparatic Acid Carbs, Root Végétable Salt, Leucine as main Protéin, Omega-3 Dairy)

Workout: French Contrast Warm Up 10 Seconds Wall Sit-30 Rounds Weighted Jump Rope Superset et French Contrast Isometic-isotonic Dynamic Plank

Declared to be of National Tourist Interest in Andalucía, the Bread Festival is celebrated in honour of Saint Sebastian. This is the main festival day in the village, where the brotherly union is complete; there are fireworks, doughnuts, bread rings and the traditional procession of the image of the Saint.

Favela (Portuguese: [fɐˈvɛlɐ]) is an umbrella name for several types of working-class neighborhoods in Brazil. The term, which means slum or ghetto, was first used in the Slum of Providência in the center of Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century, which was built by soldiers who had lived under the favela trees in Bahia and had nowhere to live following the Canudos War. Some of the last settlements were called bairros africanos (African neighborhoods). Over the years, many former enslaved Africans moved in. Even before the first favela came into being, poor citizens were pushed away from the city and forced to live in the far suburbs.

The cocaine trade has affected Brazil and in turn its favelas, which tend to be ruled by drug lords. Regular shoot-outs between traffickers and police and other criminals, as well as assorted illegal activities, lead to murder rates in excess of 40 per 100,000 inhabitants in the city of Rio and much higher rates in some Rio favelas.[27] Traffickers ensure that individual residents can guarantee their own safety through their actions and political connections to them. They do this by maintaining order in the favela and giving and receiving reciprocity and respect, thus creating an environment in which critical segments of the local population feel safe despite continuing high levels of violence.

Drug use is highly concentrated in these areas run by local gangs in each highly populated favela. Drug sales run rampant at night when many favelas host their own baile, or dance party, where many different social classes can be found. These drug sales make up a business that in some of the occupied areas rakes in as much as US$150 million per month, according to official estimates released by the Rio media.

The designer drug situation in Ibiza

Abstract

A total of 137 urine samples and 46 serum samples, corresponding to 154 self-confessed designer drugs consumers in Ibiza island, were analyzed for the presence of designer drugs: amphetamine and amphetamine derivatives (methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), p-methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), etc.), ketamine and γ-hydroxybutyric acid. Among this population, coming both from the forensic clinic and from the emergency room of a hospital, a total of 99 cases were found positive for some designer drug. This study shows the prevalence of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) among designer drug users, sole or in association with other drugs. Also, the mixture of MDMA with other designer drugs, ethanol and/or cocaine is shown to be more likely to produce toxic symptoms requiring clinical attendance in a hospital emergency room. These findings along with the consumption history, the concentrations of drugs and metabolites in urine and serum and the toxicological significance for the interpretation of some MDMA metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) are discussed in this study.

What is polydrug use? 'Polydrug use' is a term for the use of more than one drug or type of drug at the same time or one after another. Polydrug use can involve both illicit drugs and legal substances, such as alcohol and medications.

Music as an Element of Tourism Innovation: Types of Nightlife Premises in Ibiza (Spain)

The island of Ibiza is a western Mediterranean destination known internationally for its nightlife. The aim of this paper is to make a proposal to classify the different types of premises in the Ibiza nightlife offer. This involves making a first definition that allows to delimit which businesses are parts of the sector. The methodology used is based on the case study and specifically, on the review of the promotional actions and activities carried out, completed with the visit to the premises. The classification has been made based on the offer marketed and not only on the legal forms used, as innovation goes ahead of the existing legal classifications. Although it is a particular application, due to the international importance of Ibiza, it is a good starting point to classify the nightlife offer of many other tourist destinations. The resulting typology divides the sector into two large groups: nightclubs and other premises. While nightclubs have musical parties as their main activity declared, the other premises have accommodation or catering as their main activity, with music being an element of differentiation. Nightclubs are divided into several subgroups, depending on their size and relevance. The other premises are subdivided into Beach Clubs, Hotel Clubs, Party Boats, Lounge Clubs, Disco Pubs, among others.

The impact of global nightlife in Ibiza: Youth tourism

The promotion of the island’s image through its parties with the release of record labels, elaborate shows (Bensa, 2002), and the transformation of buildings into large entertainment businesses (Rosa, 2002), made it possible to return to the already known name of Ibiza and to catapult it as a symbol of entertainment and partying (Allemand, 2010). This development was something that occurred not only at the national and international scale; rather, it was something that transformed the island into a global icon (Amirou, 2000). The process of reinterpreting the hippy alternative image in a contemporary global context (Jauréguiberry, 1994), came from local businessmen (from the island and from elsewhere). They were the actors who understood the authenticity of the island to convert it into a unique product that went beyond tourism. Given the party reputation of the island, the traditional sun and beach tourists began to stay away, which made it possible to attract visitors who were willing to spend large sums of money to experience the nightlife in Ibiza. There was a shift from tourism to the experience of shows and culture. In this manner, by the mid-2000s, Ibiza had become internationally renowned in the electronic music industry (its own record labels and invited DJs) and for its nightclubs (Goulding, 2011) (such as Space, Privilege, Amnesia, Café del Mar, Pacha, Ushuaia, and Esparadis); it also has become one of the most sought-after stages during the summer in show business (with parties organized by the Matinée group, La Troya, Supermarxé, and Circuit). Simultaneously, from the cultural perspective, the construction of the image of the island had a minimal physical impact and, on the contrary, made it possible to emphasize the natural Mediterranean environment of the island and the libertarian heritage of the reinterpreted hippy movement (Perrot, 1997). With its network of nightclubs (Sönmez, 2013), Ibiza began to generate an entertainment niche that attracted record labels and international DJs, which transformed Ibiza into not only one of the destinations in the global circuit but also a destination with international renown, almost exclusively during the summer period (Fontaine, 1996). The dissemination of the reputation of its parties crossed borders, attracting people from all over the world to Ibiza. Simultaneously, it became a world-renowned destination through the dissemination of its parties through video, the Ibiza-based record labels, and the lyrics to songs that include Ibiza as an icon and that have been emulated in other parts of the world, such as “Ibiza’s Party.” This highlights the island’s own style, which is defined by freewheeling parties and a relaxed environment that goes beyond labels or conventionalism. We find ourselves with the case of one of the few non-urban destinations that has managed to concentrate and attract nightlife (Fig. 5), even going so far as to displace some of the international record labels and entertainment events in the main cities.

Urban economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas; as such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More specifically, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies the urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms (Quigley 2008). Microeconomics studies the decisions of individuals and firms to allocate resources of production, exchange, and consumption.

Upper-tier Municipal Government, Urbaneconomics, et Microeconomics. An upper-tier municipality is one formed by two or more lower-tier municipalities. Municipal responsibilities set out under the Municipal Act and other Provincial legislation are split between the upper-tier and lower-tier municipalities. A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes[1] in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French comté denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount.

Festival Métropolitain for Culture Theory, Tourism, et Religion Theory; City dedicated for Culture.

Advisory Textbooks

The Grammar of Romance: A Comparative Introduction to Vulgar Latin & the Romance Languages (History), Art Gallery Sponsored Class, The Parisian Field Guide To Men's Style, Aesthetic Theory (Fashion), The Drugtakers: The Social Meaning of Drug Use by Jock Young, Surveiller et punir : Naissance de la prison, The French Connection in Criminology: Rediscovering Crime, Law, and Social Change (Law); Québécois Mirrors of Princes Literature De Administrando Imperio ("On the Governance of the Empire") et De ordine palatii (On the governance of the palace), Game Theory Network (Life Studies), Solvent Levelling Effect Chemical Reaction Engineering (Science), Blue Océan Strategy, INSEAD Knowledge, est Parisien/France Nouvelle Influenced; Lacanien Triad et Tableau Économique (Art Financing), Larousse Gastronomique, Institut Paul Bocuse Gastronomique: The Definitive Step-by-Step Guide to Culinary Excellence (Gastronomique), St. Thomas Aquinas: The Summa Theologica, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Bible Studies) are Advisory Textbooks

Banks

By asset size, the largest four banks in the world are Chinese, according to the 2023 annual rankings by S&P Global Market Intelligence. They include the Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, the China Construction Bank, the Agricultural Bank of China* Chad AgFund (Agriculture Central Hedge Fund) and the Bank of China, holding more than $19.87 trillion in combined assets.

Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited, or simply Temasek, is a global investment company owned by the Government of Singapore. Incorporated on 25 June 1974, Temasek has a net portfolio of US$287 billion (S$382 billion) as of 2023, with S$27 billion divested and S$31 billion invested during the year.

Agriculture Central Hedge Fund, Mining Unions, Conservation Peninsula Agronomique Engineering, Commodities Options Exchange (Credit Spread Options, Farm REITs, Crop Production; Fertelizers and Seeds; Equipment; Distribution and Processing Stocks, Ag ETFs and ETNs, Ag Mutual Funds), Tableau Économiques, Farmland REITs, Mardi Gras-Basiers Parfumé Art Financing (Visual Arts, Culinary Arts, Olfactory Arts)

Chadian Gastronomy (Masculine Neuroprotective Gastronomy)

Purple Food: High Carbs et High Fat with Fatty Acid Protein

D-Asparatic Acid Food Testosterone

Frog Legs

Mollusks (such as clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, octopus, squid, abalone, snail).

Lobster

Lobster rolls

Clam

Clam cakes

Clams casino

Fried clams

Stuffed clams

Crab cake

Mussels

Oysters

Fried oysters

Oyster stew

Raw oysters on a halfshell

Scallops

Moules-frites/Mosselen met friet: mussels cooked or steamed with onions and celery served with Belgian fries. The recipe has often been referred to as the country's national dish[3] but is also popular in the neighboring Nord region of France.

Starch

Purple Sweet Potatoes

Gaufres/Wafels: Belgian waffles, sometimes eaten as a street snack and sold by ice-cream vans. Among the better-known styles are the Gaufre de Liège or Liège waffle, Brussels waffle, and the stroopwafel.

Citrus Fruit Estrogen Detox

Heating Process

Bake

Grill

Boil

Sautée

Pan-Fry

Starch Thickening Agents Sauces

Buttermilk et Clam Juice Flavor

Cooking Wine

Soups

Chowder

Bisque

Vegetables

Sautée and Breaded

Salads and Dressings

Raw Seafood

Spinach and Egg

Sautée Fruit Salad

Fruit Vinaigrette

Cuisses de grenouille Salade Rollé Grill

Pocket Pita

Butter

Compound

Beurre Rouge

Cheese

Soaked in Wine

Bread Bowl

Sourdough

Héritage Asset

Farmer's Market

Auguste Escoffier Mother Sauces

Hollandaise, Tomato (Sauce Tomat), Bechamel, Espagnole, and Veloute.

Publishing Imprint Movie Company

Attrape-moi si tu peux Motor Vehicle Theft, Défense Lawyers, Planetary Intelligence (Démons et Angels) Impure Aesthetic Thrillers

Literary Device

Film Literature

in establishing the limits of both the novel (Newspapers) and the film, argues that novelist and film director meet in the attempt “to make you see”, the former through the mind; the latter through the eye.

“impure” aesthetic, one tinged with the markings of society, ideology, and sexual desire.

Capitalism, Betrayal,

Romance

Poetic Réalisme

Poetic realism films are "recreated realism", stylised and studio-bound, rather than approaching the "socio-realism of the documentary". They usually have a fatalistic view of life with their characters living on the margins of society, either as unemployed members of the working class or as criminals.

Self-destructive Escapism

Escapism is mental diversion from unpleasant aspects of daily life, typically through activities involving imagination or entertainment. Escapism also may be used to occupy one's self away from persistent feelings of depression or general sadness.

Surréalisme-Synecdoqu-Métonymie Screenplay

Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.[1] Its intention was, according to leader André Breton, to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality", or surreality.[2][3][4] It produced works of painting, writing, theatre, filmmaking, photography, and other media as well.

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs

the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.

Allégorie

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

Suspense is created by withholding information or revealing it slowly, creating a sense of mystery or uncertainty about what will happen next.

A thriller generally keeps its audience on the "edge of their seats" as the plot builds towards a climax. The cover-up of important information is a common element.[2] Literary devices such as red herrings, plot twists, unreliable narrators, and cliffhangers are used extensively. A thriller is often a villain-driven plot, whereby they present obstacles that the protagonist or hero must overcome.

Slavoj Žižek Lacanianism or Lacanian psychoanalysis is a theoretical system that explains the mind, behaviour, and culture through a structuralist and post-structuralist extension of classical psychoanalysis, initiated by the work of Jacques Lacan from the 1950s to the 1980s.

Extra

Non-Fiction Movie

Prequal TV Série

Fictional TV Série

Black Separatism

Black separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for those of African descent in societies, particularly in the United States. Black separatism stems from the idea of racial solidarity, and it also implies that black people should organize themselves on the basis of their common skin color, their race, culture, and African heritage.[1] There were a total of 255 black separatist groups recorded in the United States as of 2019.

Black Separatism: I chose Street Culture, French Culture Antagonism, Pharmaceutical, Bioesthétique, Dancehall, Artisanal Plantations, Public-Private Sectors with Intrapreneurship, Market Extension Mergers Joint Ventures, BioTechology Economy, and Mining Union (HOW DO AFRICANS IMMIGRATE?)

Chad new Identity

République Paradis d'Couronne avec Antilles Dutch Drapeau but avec Cinq Couronee Christianity

Demonym est Républiqons

Holy City are Grigori Cities

Sun Angels and Church Homes

Religious Names for Favelas ex. Sodom and Gomorra, Mount Hermon, and Garden of Eden

5 is thé National Team Captain's Number for Cinq Couronee Christianity

Host diplomacy can be defined as diplomatic events hosted or initiated by a country that has the ability to set and execute agendas, which other participants find attractive and are willing to support

Festival Métropolitain for Culture Theory, Tourism, et Religion Theory; City dedicated for Culture.

According to Butler (1980), under destination life cycle, an area undergo an evolutionary cycle of six stages. These stages are exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation and decline. Mostly all tourists' destinations passes through all these mentioned stages.

A heritage asset is an item which has value because of its contribution to a nation's society, knowledge and/or culture. Such items are usually physical assets, but some countries also use the term in relation to intangible social and spiritual inheritance.

Monégasque Joint Venture Plantations et Market Extension Mergers avec Incubators Enterprise.

Paradis d’Couronee Waves

Level 2 Temple Drop Fade

≠ Head and Eyebrow Part

Pencil Mustache

Waves Products

Pomade

Wave Butter

Wave Shampoo

Sea Salt Spray

Shower Brush Method

Detangle Hair with Comb

Soak Hair for a Couple Minutes

Scramble Wash

Create Thick Lather and Shower Brush #1

Training Pattern

Create Thick Lather and Shower Brush #2

Training Pattern

Lather and Lay Down Pattern with Hands

Put on Durag and Rinse

When hair is dry use Wave Butter, Pomade and Sea Salt Spray

Chadian Social Class Structure

Monopoly Families (Monégasque Joint Venture Plantations et Market Extension Mergers avec Incubators Enterprise)

Upper Class

Government

Middle Class

Cul-de-sac Favelas Socioeconomic Status Socioeconomic Development Centres: Agronomics and Real Estate Economics

Holy Rosary

The word “Rosary” means a chain of roses and the roses are prayers.

Delëvoix Holy Rosary with Raphaël.

1. Crown of Life

2. Crown of Glory

3. Praying Hands

4. Fleur-de-lys

Chadian Milk Filtered Cigars Example

British Joint Venture Plantations et Market Extension Mergers avec Incubators Enterprise est Tabac Afrique

1. Tabac

2. Cacoa

3. Nut Oil

4. Cinnamon

5. Banana Milk Crush Balls

6. Banana Rolling Leafs Wraps

1. Tabac

2. Cacoa

3. Strawberry Oil

4. Tropical Fruit Milk Crush Balls

5. Mint Rolling Leafs Wraps

Tradwave

Tradwave is a Chad artistic style using synthwave and vaporwave art to promote traditional catholicism and promote Venice cultural antagonism. Tradwave usually uses traditional catholic paintings, sculptures, or photographs of saints, given with vaporwave effects, often with a bible verse or quote about catholicism. The art usually tries to convey a resurrection of catholic spirituality in the modern atheist world. Figures often depicted in Tradwave art include Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, Ven. Fulton Sheen, Cardinal Robert Sarah, and Mother Angelica.

Tradwave music often takes the form of two main styles. One of them is catholic hymns with vaporwave effects and traditional Vaporwave/Lo-Fi music. It can also have quotes from modern prolific Catholic figures, such as Ven. The other theme is Fulton Sheen and Cardinal Robert Sarah.

My International Finance Model

High Export and Stabled Party Cities

Nigeria

Brazil

Macroeconomics Theories

**The 0% Effect: this is an interest Rate analysis. This allows devaluing in country's currency through carry trade which allows for higher global exports, with currency value low this allows for greater exchange rate for wealthy travellers to purchase country's currency and spend money, common currency pairs with foreign governments currency can increase goods trading, through high frequency low volume exchange rate and tourism; foreign currency reserve can grow, if country's business owners sets up shop overseas this allows for mercantilism, This lowers unemployment rate because business can spend and take loans, lower interest allows for more borrowing which allows for more spending, For Quantitative Easing & Open Market Operations the country that does this can print money and short own currency against foreign currencies to fix exchange rate against other country's currency to increase trade, Build Foreign Cash Reserves and This gives central bank opportunity to purchase corporate & government bonds to increase money supply.

**The Multiple CIR Effect (Currency & Interest Rate): the hedging potential for foreign governments by adding a second currency on tax havens with high interest rates, Tax Haven governments with higher interest rates increase saving potential which leads to more off-shoring of foreign bank institutions

**Ports Currency Theory: what if countries had port currency; import and export currency. This helps with global trade regardless of geographical region. This eliminates the need for currency pegging because currencies can just be matched. This can be beneficial for building global cities regardless of geographical region. This also helps with political parity.

**Multiple Currencies, Multiple Locations Model: This studies that having a Port Currency Basket with multiple foreign currencies around the world and matching the continental geographical region currency value. This allows for more sustainable trading with trading partners and cash reserves in foreign banks of the nation's currency. This also creates a safety blanket for foreign investing for citizens and aids diplomacy.

**Tax Replacement Industries Effect: What if for example instead of paying a 10% tax rate the hospitality and adult entertainment industries had a 15% Retained Earnings Rate. If Retained Earnings Rates were mandatory over taxes in certain industries these industries can set the global standard because of the amount of effort and financial support being put in. This also has an effect on tourism

Foreign Direct Investment Theories

**Offshoring Capital Raised Model: Privatization of oligopolistic companies (Cartels/Monopolies) in collusion with the government creates Brand Popularity, Brand Association, and Brand Awareness with companies and domestic countries. If raising capital was only granted to international locations, funds for expansion will be easy to raise and dominance in foreign markets is easily access. This will be easily achieved with a stable economy and currency value. Only putting International Divisions/Subsidiaries on the stock exchanges will give financial backing to companies. With giving business owners this model as expected in return building direct products for government or military will be easier.

Belgium Monetary Zone

Belgian rule in the Congo was based on the "colonial trinity" (trinité coloniale) of state, missionary and private-company interests.[9]

Union Minière du Haut-Katanga primary product was copper, but it also produced tin, cobalt, radium, uranium, zinc, cadmium, germanium, manganese, silver, and gold.

A currency based on the gold standard was created for the Congo Free State in 1887. Banknotes were issued from 1896 in the name of the General Treasury of the Congo Free State (Trésoire générale de l'État indépendant du Congo) payable to the bearer, until the annexation of the Free State in 1908.[1]

After WWII, the Congolese and Belgian francs continued to form part of the "Belgian monetary zone" under the Bretton Woods system.

As a result of the confused legal definition under Article 11 of the 1908 Colonial Charter, it has been argued that that the Congolese franc did not exist de jure as a currency between 1908 and 1960 and was instead merely a token representing a claim on Belgian francs.[2] It did exist, however, as the sole de facto currency in the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi.

Heavenly Jérusalem Kraljic Matrix Raw Material Rural Économique Primate City with Bioeconomy Vertical Farming

Revelation 21:19-21

19 The foundations of the city walls were decorated with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, the fourth emerald, 20 the fifth onyx, the sixth ruby, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth turquoise, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst. 21 The twelve gates were twelve pearls, each gate made of a single pearl. The great street of the city was of gold, as pure as transparent glass.

Rural Économique

Rural economics is the study of rural economies. Rural economies include both agricultural and non-agricultural industries, so rural economics has broader concerns than agricultural economics which focus more on food systems.[1] Rural development[2] and finance[3] attempt to solve larger challenges within rural economics. These economic issues are often connected to the migration from rural areas due to lack of economic activities[4] and rural poverty. Some interventions have been very successful in some parts of the world, with rural electrification and rural tourism providing anchors for transforming economies in some rural areas. These challenges often create rural-urban income disparities.[5]

Rural spaces add new challenges for economic analysis that require an understanding of economic geography: for example understanding of size and spatial distribution of production and household units and interregional trade,[6] land use,[7] and how low population density effects government policies as to development, investment, regulation, and transportation.[8]

Raw Material

Raw materials are materials or substances used in the primary production or manufacturing of goods. Raw materials are commodities that are bought and sold on commodities exchanges worldwide. Businesses buy and sell raw materials in the factor market because raw materials are factors of production.

Raw materials are the input goods or inventory that a company needs to manufacture its products.

Examples of raw materials include steel, oil, corn, grain, gasoline, lumber, forest resources, plastic, natural gas, coal, and minerals.

Raw materials can be direct raw materials, which are directly used in the manufacturing process, such as wood for a chair.

Indirect raw materials are not part of the final product but are instead used comprehensively in the production process.

The value of direct raw materials inventory appears as a current asset on the balance sheet.

Bioeconomy

Biobased economy, bioeconomy or biotechonomy refers to economic activity involving the use of biotechnology and biomass in the production of goods, services, or energy. The terms are widely used by regional development agencies, national and international organizations, and biotechnology companies. They are closely linked to the evolution of the biotechnology industry and the capacity to study, understand, and manipulate genetic material that has been possible due to scientific research and technological development. This includes the application of scientific and technological developments to agriculture, health, chemical, and energy industries.

Primate City

A primate city[1] is a city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy.[2] A primate city distribution is a rank-size distribution that has one very large city with many much smaller cities and towns and no intermediate-sized urban centers, creating a statistical king effect.[3]

Many primate cities gain an increasing share of their country's population. This can be due to a reduction in blue-collar population in the hinterlands because of mechanization and automation. Simultaneously, the number of educated employees in white-collar endeavors such as politics, finance, media, and higher education rises. These sectors are clustered predominantly in primate cities where power and wealth are concentrated.

Vertical Farming

Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers.[1] It often incorporates controlled-environment agriculture, which aims to optimize plant growth, and soilless farming techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics.[1] Some common choices of structures to house vertical farming systems include buildings, shipping containers, underground tunnels, and abandoned mine shafts.

Mixed-use skyscrapers were proposed and built by architect Ken Yeang. Yeang proposes that instead of hermetically sealed mass-produced agriculture, plant life should be cultivated within open air, mixed-use skyscrapers for climate control and consumption. This version of vertical farming is based upon personal or community use rather than the wholesale production and distribution that aspires to feed an entire city.[16]

Kraljic Matrix

Peter Kraljic studied metallurgy and obtained his master's degree. He holds a doctorate from the Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-University Hannover and an MBA from INSEAD. He was director of the Düsseldorf branch of the consulting firm McKinsey & Company .

In supply chain management, the Kraljic matrix (or Kraljic model) is a method used to segment the purchases or suppliers of a company by dividing them into four classes, based on the complexity (or risk) of the supply market (such as monopoly situations, barriers to entry, technological innovation) and the importance of the purchases or suppliers (determined by the impact that they have on the profitability of the company). This subdivision allows the company to define the optimal purchasing strategies for each of the four types of purchases or suppliers.

The Kraljic matrix defines the following types of articles:

Non-critical items: components that have a low impact on the company and that are found in abundance and / or in low-risk markets (e.g., office stationery). For such items, the goal should be to maximize efficiency of the procurement process to reduce the administrative burden, for example by delegating purchasing to local managers, or using catalogs.

Leverage items: components that are important for the company but sourced from low-risk markets with an abundant supply. As the name suggests, the optimal management of these purchase categories is essential to ensure a satisfactory business result. For this type of component, the company tends to make the most of its bargaining power and the abundance of the offer with frequent negotiations.

Bottleneck items: components with a low business impact in economic terms but where supply continuity is at risk. The management of these components should be aimed at creating relationships of collaboration in the medium-long term between customer and supplier to guarantee the supply, with less emphasis on the cost.

Strategic items: components that are important for the company both in terms of economic impact and for supply conditions from complex and / or risky markets. In this field, the horizon is medium-long term with a continuous monitoring of the economic situation of the market, technical evolution, evaluation of "make-or-buy" options (the choice for a company between developing and manufacturing a product itself or outsourcing it from another supplier),[2] creation of alternatives and development of stable relationships and maximum collaboration with the suppliers.

In its original form, Kraljic's matrix is used for the mapping of purchases, not suppliers. However, the matrix works equally well to distinguish different categories of suppliers.

École

A grande école (French: [ɡʁɑ̃d ekɔl]; lit. 'great school') is a specialized top-level educational institution in France and some other previous French colonies such as Morocco or Tunisia. Grandes écoles are part of an alternative educational system that operates alongside the mainstream French public university system, and take the shape of institutes dedicated to teaching, research and professional training in either pure natural and social sciences, or applied sciences such as engineering, architecture, business administration, or public policy and administration.[1][2]

INSEAD, a contraction of "Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires" (lit. 'European Institute of Business Administration'),[8] is a non-profit graduate business school that maintains campuses in France, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the United States. Its degree programs are postgraduate-only, taught in English and include a full-time Master of Business Administration (MBA), an Executive MBA (EMBA), Master in Management (MIM), Doctor of Business Administration, Executive Master of Finance and executive education programs.

Polytechnique's historic engineering graduate program has a highly selective admission process consisting of written and oral examinations, following classes préparatoires or a bachelor's degree.[6] French engineering students undergo initial military training and have the status of paid officer cadets.[7] The school has also been awarding doctorates since 1985, masters since 2005 and bachelors since 2017.[8] Most Polytechnique engineering graduates go on to become top executives in companies, senior civil servants, military officers, or researchers.

The Beaux-Arts de Paris (French pronunciation: [boz‿aʁ də pari]), formally the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, is a French grande école whose primary mission is to provide high-level fine arts education and training. The art school, which is part of the Paris Sciences et Lettres University, is located on two sites: Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris, and Saint-Ouen.

A business incubator is an organization that helps startup companies and individual entrepreneurs to develop their businesses by providing a fullscale range of services, starting with management training and office space, and ending with venture capital financing.

First Date Completion For Pickup Artist

Show her the tip

study lots of things and tease your knowledge by starting conversations on different topics

The In and Out

try and get her number in 5 minutes. This mentality will cut down long conversations being filled with sikence

End on a high note

if you see the end coming during a good conversation say you have an appointment to get to and ask for her number

Date

Actually talk about those things

Currency, Oil, & Gold Commodities Candlestick Charts

Swing Trading: Use mt4/mt5 With Heiken Ashi Charts, Setting at 14 or 21 Momentum Indicator above 0 as Divergence Oscillator and Volume Spread Analysis as Reversal Oscillator and Trade when bullish candlesticks above 200 exponential moving average and/or 20 exponential moving average (EMA) on H1 (Hourly) Time Frame; use H4 (4 Hours) and D1 (1 Day) as reference.

UK, Singapore, and Monégasque Boxing

Commercialism

A system of Social and economic organization in which financial profit is valued above any other criterion or consideration. 

Weight Classes Teams-Boxing Clubs: Promotions (Solo) and Relegation (Teams) Tournaments and Exhibition ex. Team A Welterweight vs Team B Welterweight Relégation Exhibition and Boxer 1 from Team A vs Boxer 1 from Team B Promotions Tournaments

Remove Boxing from the Olympics 

Create own Drug Testing labs & Substance list 

Pay athletes from they are young

U-17 et U-20 Exposure

Conceptual Model 

Divine Status* 

Posh* 

Crowning* 

Masculine Epitome* 

Adult Entertainment~ 

Multi-international Corporation~ 

Cultural Industry~ 

Cultural Diffusion~ 

Cultural Continuity~ 

Cultural Politics~ 

Consumer Culture~ 

*Brand Identity 

~Stakeholder Appeal 

Crowning (Term) 

The sport of Boxing is a form of class Interaction. The goal of the Boxing Bodies is to make this sport a gateway to becoming a Billionaire (avoidance of another Mike Tyson). To take someone and crown them as a billionaire and put them in boxing royalty is the mindset. Yes winning is important but you don't fight forever.

Events & Tournaments 

Locations 

Boxing Heritage Classic (BHC) Host City Rotates

Different Location than Tournament; Global Locations; Round by Round Locations Change 

Tournament Sponsors 

Oil Companies; Good Publicity For Them; Larger Prize Money 

Title of Pre-tournament Weekend 

Boxing Heritage Classic (BHC) 

Traditions of Events & Tournaments 

Weekend Schedule 

Friday and Saturday 

Casino Jam 

Cigar Lounge 

Invitational Poker Games; Fixed cost buy in 

Fundraisers 

High Profile Guest 

Politicians 

Actors 

Models 

Athletes 

Musicians 

Corporate Executives 

Royal Families 

Painters

Sunday Night 

Art Auction 

Athletic Banquets 

Placement of Bets (Televised) 

High Profile Guest 

Politicians 

Actors 

Models 

Athletes 

Musicians 

Corporate Executives 

Royal Families 

Painters 

Boxing Version of Olympics (Physical Test Olympics) 

Host a Series of Physical Test before Tournaments 

Weight Lifting 

Military Bodyweight Competition 

Mix Isometric Stops in Both Competition 

Aerobic Circuits Races 

Have regression versions of physical test for youth to perform 

By Having a Physical Test Olympics this Grows the Sport. This Event is Going to Start Off With A Few Competitive-Events But As This Event Grows the Sport Grows into a Society 

With each Country Creating its Own Event this Grows the Sport 

Tournaments 

Host a Tournament once every two months 

Create Boxing Fantasy Leagues for Tournaments 

Fan's Dream Card 

All-Star Game Resemblance 

Fan's vote for every weight class Two dream matchups (2 fight series is an option)

No ducking fights stigma 

Corporate Tournament 

Teams a build through representation of weight class 

Teams are owned by companies

Salary cap is imposed to keep things fair 

Algorithm to determine player's salaries 

Player's fees are percentage value not dollar value 

Example if The tournaments salary cap is $100 million and a boxer had 35% value he would get $35 million 

Physique Tournament 

Celebrity Female Judges 

A mix of runway and bodybuilding competition 

Increase female fan base 

Reasons 

Open the sport to modelling industry 

Make the Masculine physique and masculine Frame a boxer In the female's eyes. This will lead to more mother's putting their kids into the sport 

Male models aren't even close in competition to female models 

This sport naturally develops an aesthetic physique 

The World Class Invitational Tournament 

The top 3 boxers in their respective country are invited to compete 

Model of the Masters in Golf 

Winner gets custom gold gloves with diamonds 

Champions Invitational 

Boxing has lots of titles (which is a good thing.) 

At year's end host a tournament for each weight class 

Add more titles to increase cards 

Each title must be defended prior to entering tournament 

Reason 

At the end of the event you will have multi-belt champions 

The sport will have the most multi-belt champions 

Whoever wins tournament for their respective weight class gets a crown

Winners choose one title they want to defend; the rest be vacant 

Bracket Invitational 

Top 32 fighter are invited 

There are two Brackets 

1-16 & 17-32 

Placing top seeds in same bracket to ensure there’s always a chance for upset in championship 

Constant changes in rankings do to this system and more international superstars

Exposure for fighters outside the top 10

Reference Style Chav Boxing by Caleb "Lightning Slaps" Hughes

Chav

This is a derogatory British slang word for a young hooligan who normally starts fights and makes trouble. “Chavs” are usually seen as lower class.

Training Gear

Focus Mitts

Punching Shield

Reflex Bag

Double End Bag

Heavy Bags

Naoya Inoue Influence for Chav Shell (Bladed Half Guard)

Wide Stance with Weight Forward

Inverted-V Target (Solar Plexus, Liver, Spleen, Obliques) opens Head as a Target

Centerline connection opens Flanks

Multiple Jab Triggers Own Counter Hooks Combo

Front Power Hooks over Jabs for Single Punches

Warm Up Workout: Systematic Calisthenics Warm Up 10 Seconds Horse Stance-30 Rounds Weighted Jump Rope Superset with Yoga Recovery, Systematic Isometic-isotonic Dynamic Plank and Cobra Yoga Pose Recovery, and Sauna for Relaxation

Equipment

Resistance Loop Bands

Gymnastic Rings

Sledgehammer and Tires

Battle Ropes

Force-Velocity Curve

Speed-Strength

The boxer-puncher possesses many of the qualities of the out-boxer: hand speed, often an outstanding jab combination, and/or counter-punching skills, better defense and accuracy than a brawler, while possessing brawler-type power. The boxer-puncher may also be more willing to fight in an aggressive swarmer-style than an out-boxer. In general the boxer-puncher lacks the mobility and defensive expertise of the pure boxer. They are the most unpredictable among all 4 boxing styles. They don't fit in the rock-paper-scissors theory, so how the fight plays out between this style and other styles tends to be unpredictable. A boxer-puncher's ability to mix things up may prove to be a hindrance to any of the three other boxing styles, but at the same time their versatility means that they tend to be a master of none. (Example Naoya Inoue and Teófimo López)

Workout: Systematic Calisthenics Warm Up 10 Seconds Horse Stance-30 Rounds Weighted Jump Rope Superset with Yoga Recovery et Systematic Isometic-isotonic Dynamic Plank and Cobra Yoga Pose Recovery

Equipment: Resistance Loop Bands, Gymnastic Rings, Sledgehammer and Tires, Battle Ropes

Double Guard (High and Chav Shell: Bladed Half Guard)

Geometry Head Movement

Footwork: Cross step; Apply Pressure by stepping Diagonally forward; L-Step; The L-Step is a quick step to the outside and is effective for cutting off your opponent or can be used to take you out of a negative position. GGG is a good example. An orthodox boxer would take the step to the right and a southpaw to the left.

Combos: Ends combos with a jab; Better defence; Creates space

Chav Shell Four Lines of Defense

Distance Control

Guarding Inside of Striking Center Line

Jab

Clenching

Chav Shell Boxing Key Fundamentals

Offensive

Off-center Head Straight Punches

Breathing

Intelligent Pressure

Power Shots

Combination Themes (Time Interval)

Hand and Foot Speed

Guard Ripping Strikes

Chin Tuck to Shoulder While Striking

Chav Shell Boxing Strategy For Studying Opposition

Counterpunching

Balance after striking

Are they to off balance to defend

Aggression zone

Where in the ring do they explode

Power

Can they knockout their opponents with their front hand

Guard

Overprotection

What area are they concerned about

Triangle Defense

How do they guard the corners and ropes

Clenching

Do they like space or clenching

Brawling

Do they have the balls to just swing and sacrifice getting hit

Chav Shell Boxing Physics

Basic physics tells us that punch force is dependent on the Impulse-Momentum relationship (the change in momentum experienced by a body under the action of a force is equal to the impulse of the resultant force). Use Impulse-Angular Momentum and Kinetic Energy.

This formula creates heavy hand feeling when done properly

Reverse Rotate Punching Hand Hip for more Torque

Pronate Rear Hand

Pronate Front Hand

Boxing Stance 

Southpaw

Kinetic Energy

The kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. 

When throwing punch firm front leg

Lean to front foot

Impulse Kinetic Chain

Open kinetic chain as “a combination of successively arranged joints in which the terminal segments can move freely”. Thus the distal segment of the extremity is free to move in space

Regular Chain (Diagonal)

Glutes-Lats-Rear Delt-Tricep-Forearm-First 2 Knuckles

Abs and Obliques for stabilization

Heavy Hands or Power Shots

Imagine you are an elastic band wrapped around a pole with the ends out. When the front end is tugged, that's your front hand and reverse front hip rotation. When the back end is tugged, that's your rear hand and reverse back hip rotation. Remember to use Obliques and Lats

Think of this motion as a coil-flex-release

Closed System

A closed system is a physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system

Torque

Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment, moment of force, rotational force or turning effect, depending on the field of study. The concept originated with the studies by Archimedes of the usage of levers. 

Impulse

impulse is the integral of a force, F, over the time interval, t, for which it acts. Since force is a vector quantity, impulse is also a vector quantity. Impulse applied to an object produces an equivalent vector change in its linear momentum, also in the resultant direction.

BENEFITS OF SHADOWBOXING

ZERO EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

One of the biggest benefits of shadowboxing is the fact that you don’t need any equipment to do it. This makes it super accessible to anyone who’s looking to learn boxing or just wants to get in a low-budget yet effective workout.

You don’t need to invest in a standing bag, boxing gloves, or full boxing gym membership. All you need is enough space in your room to throw a few punches, and maybe a mirror to watch your form as you go.

STRENGTHENS YOUR CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE

You’re constantly moving when you’re shadowboxing. It’s not just your fists that are flying but you’re staying light on your feet, squatting in your boxer’s stance, and engaging your core. Everything is activating from your legs to your glutes to your abs to your arms.

This is why if you’ve ever shadowboxed before you know that it doesn’t take long for your heart rate to elevate, your breathing to speed up, and your sweat to start pouring. It’s such an effective cardiovascular activity that a 185-pound person can burn over 370 calories in less than 30 minutes of shadowboxing.

This full-body exercise strengthens your heart and lungs as your body demands more oxygen and blood flow. And the stronger your heart and lungs get through exercises like shadowboxing, the more efficiently they can deliver oxygen and blood throughout your body. In other words, the more you shadowbox, the more endurance you build.

Sky Box Office is Sky's pay-per-view (PPV) system operated in the United Kingdom and Ireland. There were three branded divisions of Sky Box Office – Sky Cinema Box Office, Sky Sports Box Office and Sky 3D Box Office. Until 1 February 2011, the system ran under unified Sky Box Office branding. On 4 January 2017, all Sky Cinema Box Office channels ceased broadcasting, with only Sky Sports Box Office remaining available.[1]

Sky Sports Subsidiaries

Magazines Owned Gyms as League Franchises: A franchise agreement is a contract under which the franchisor grants the franchisee the right to operate a business, or offer, sell, or distribute goods or services identified or associated with the franchisor's trademark, Ex. 250 Gyms for 5 Magazines 50 per Magazine.

No Closed Doors Super Series: Bi-monthly Six Fight Multi Locations Series with Behind the Scenes between Two Boxers

Box Raw Bi-weekly Boxing Economy Newspaper and Monthly Biography Magazine

Box Raw Fashion Label and Equipment

Box Raw Boxing Science Corporate Education

Box Raw Streaming Daily Fantasy Sportsbook (Options Trading Turf Accountant)

Boxing Gloves as Kit Rivals

Target Audience

Gamblers and BioEngineers

Turf Accounting Model

+EV

Python Programming Gaussian Distribution

Exotic Options Trading Live Betting

Parlays Minimum for Round Robins

Daily Fantasy Rakes

Street Culture

Street Food

Street Photography

Street Workout

Café Culture

Children's Street Culture

Block Party

Savile Row: A street can often serve as the catalyst for the neighborhood's prosperity, culture and solidarity.

Ring Fundamentals Workout

Top position hold: 5 sets of 15 seconds, 30 sec. rest

Ring dip: 5 sets of 8-12 reps, 1 min. rest

Reverse row sit-back: 5 sets of 10-15 reps, 1 min. rest

Tuck/L-sit: 5 sets of 15 seconds, 30 sec. rest

Ring chin-up or pull-up: 5 sets of 8-12 reps, 1 min. rest

Dynamic/Isometric Superset Workout

Ring dip: 6-8 reps of dip, with a 15-sec. top position hold in between each rep. Do this for 5 sets with 1 min. rest between sets.

Reverse row sit-back: 6 to 8 reps with a 15-sec. tuck/L-sit in between each rep. Do this for 5 sets with 1 minute of rest between sets.

Ring chin-up or pull-up: 5 sets of 8 to 12 reps, with 1 minute of rest between sets.

Street Culture

Street Food

Street Photography

Street Workout

Café Culture

Children's Street Culture

Block Party

Bloor Street: A street can often serve as the catalyst for the neighborhood's prosperity, culture and solidarity.

Boxing Gym Culture

Urban Fiction (Crime Newspaper Articles, Movies, TV Series) Caleb's Rise International Film Festival Genre: Street Literature Henriad Shakespeare Adaptation Thrillers

Contracts and Investments 

Share Appreciation Right Plans (SAR Plans)

Under SAR Plans, the corporation grants plan participants share appreciation rights. Each SAR entitles participants to receive, on vesting, the net value of the increase in the market value of the corporation’s share between the grant date and the vesting date. Share Appreciation Right Plans are similar to stock option plans in some ways, and to RSU Plans in others:

Value. Share Appreciation Rights function much like stock options in many ways – but unlike stock options, participants aren’t required to pay the exercise price when they exercise the SAR. Share Appreciation Rights start with a nil value at the time of grant, so will have no value at vesting if the market value of the shares has decreased between the dates of grant and of vesting.

Plan Terms. Share Appreciation Right Plans typically contain provisions similar to those of RSU Plans in respect to plan administration, maximum shares reserved for issuance, grant agreement, market value, employment, share capital adjustments, change of control and shareholder agreements.

Vesting. Like RSU Plans, vesting provisions in SAR Plans can also be based on time, performance or both. Performance-based SARs are sometimes called “performance appreciation rights” or “PARs”. Once vested, the plan participant can settle the SARs in cash or in an amount of shares that equals the amount payable to the participant divided by the per share market value

Deferred Compensation 

Deferred compensation refers to that part of one’s contribution that is withheld and paid at a future date. Retirement plans and employee pensions are examples of deferred compensation. Employers usually withhold a fraction of employees’ compensation every month, accumulate it over time, and pay the lump sum amount on a date previously agreed upon in the employment contract.

Real Estate Joint Venture (JV)

A real estate joint venture (JV) is a deal between multiple parties to work together and combine resources to develop a real estate project. Most large projects are financed and developed as a result of real estate joint ventures. JVs allow real estate operators (individuals with extensive experience managing real estate projects) to work with real estate capital providers (entities that can supply capital for a real estate project).

Farmland Investments

Age 16-19

Bond Funds 

Farmland REITS

CFDS

Real Estate Brokerage Trust Account 

Age 20-30

Farmland Recession Proof Stocks (AgTech, Ag ETFS, AgETN)

Incubator and Startup Accelerators

Age 30-40

Farmland Blue Chip Indexes w/ Credit Spread Options

Street literature is a literary genre set in a city landscape; however, the genre is as much defined by the socio-economic realities and culture of its characters as the urban setting. The tone for urban fiction is usually dark, focusing on the underside of city living. Profanity, sex, and violence are usually explicit, with the writer not shying away from or watering-down the material. Most authors of this genre draw upon their past experiences to depict their storylines.

Caleb's Rise International Film Festival Genre: Street Literature Henriad Shakespeare Adaptation Defense Lawyers Impure Aesthetic Thrillers

Literary Device

Film Literature

in establishing the limits of both the novel (Newspapers) and the film, argues that novelist and film director meet in the attempt “to make you see”, the former through the mind; the latter through the eye.

“impure” aesthetic, one tinged with the markings of society, ideology, and sexual desire. 

Capitalism, Betrayal, Nostalgia, Resplendent Anarchy

Poetic Réalisme 

Poetic realism films are "recreated realism", stylised and studio-bound, rather than approaching the "socio-realism of the documentary". They usually have a fatalistic view of life with their characters living on the margins of society, either as unemployed members of the working class or as criminals.

Self-destructive Escapism

Escapism is mental diversion from unpleasant aspects of daily life, typically through activities involving imagination or entertainment. Escapism also may be used to occupy one's self away from persistent feelings of depression or general sadness.

Surréalisme-Synecdoqu-Métonymie Screenplay

Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.[1] Its intention was, according to leader André Breton, to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality", or surreality.[2][3][4] It produced works of painting, writing, theatre, filmmaking, photography, and other media as well.

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs

the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.

Allégorie

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

Suspense is created by withholding information or revealing it slowly, creating a sense of mystery or uncertainty about what will happen next.

A thriller generally keeps its audience on the "edge of their seats" as the plot builds towards a climax. The cover-up of important information is a common element.[2] Literary devices such as red herrings, plot twists, unreliable narrators, and cliffhangers are used extensively. A thriller is often a villain-driven plot, presenting obstacles that the protagonist or hero must overcome.

Slavoj Žižek Lacanianism or Lacanian psychoanalysis is a theoretical system that explains the mind, behavior, and culture through a structuralist and post-structuralist extension of classical psychoanalysis, initiated by the work of Jacques Lacan from the 1950s to the 1980s.

Scoring

Drill Producers watch the film and then get a scene to Score

Extra

Non-Fiction Movie

Prequal TV Série

Fictional TV Série 

Caleb Hughes Tudor Rose Welfare Recipe Gastronomy 

Baked Goods

RumChata Pound Cake Loaf

Ingredients

1 stick butter, room temperature

1 1/2 cups sugar

1/2 cup RumChata Liquor

1/2 teaspoon baking soda

1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour

3 large eggs

1 tsp teaspoon vanilla extract

Cinnamon Rolls

2 and 3/4 cups (344g) all-purpose flour (spooned & leveled)

1/4 cup (50g) granulated sugar

1/2 teaspoon salt

3/4 cup (180ml) buttermilk

3 Tablespoons (43g) unsalted butter

2 and 1/4 teaspoons Platinum Yeast from Red Star or any instant yeast (1 standard packet)

1 large egg, at room temperature

Filling

3 Tablespoons (43g) unsalted butter, extra softened

1/3 cup (67g) packed light or dark brown sugar

1 Tablespoon ground cinnamon

Cream Cheese Icing

1 Teaspoon Espresso

4 ounces (113g) full-fat block cream cheese, softened to room temperature

2 Tablespoons (28g) unsalted butter, softened to room temperature

2/3 cup (80g) confectioners’ sugar

1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract

Caleb Rolls

2 and 3/4 cups (344g) all-purpose flour (spooned & leveled)

1/4 cup (50g) granulated sugar

1/2 teaspoon salt

3/4 cup (180ml) buttermilk

3 Tablespoons (43g) unsalted butter

2 and 1/4 teaspoons Platinum Yeast from Red Star or any instant yeast (1 standard packet)

1 large egg, at room temperature

Filling

Rosemary Scrambled Eggs w/ Cheese

Bacon Bits

Cream Cheese Icing

Egg Wash

Rosemary

Oven

Dinners

Fish and Chips

4 large potatoes, peeled and cut into strips

1 cup all-purpose flour

1 teaspoon baking powder

1 teaspoon salt

1 teaspoon ground black pepper

1 cup milk

1 egg

1 quart vegetable oil for frying

1 ½ pounds cod fillets

Deep Fryer 

Tuna Cake Breakfast Sandwich

2 eggs

2 teaspoons lemon juice

10 tablespoons Italian-seasoned bread crumbs

3 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese

3 (5 ounce) cans tuna, drained

3 tablespoons diced onion

1 pinch ground black pepper

3 tablespoons rendered duck fat

4 Slices of Cheddar Cheese

Deep Fryer

Mozzarella-Stuffed Crispy Portobello Burgers

2 Marinated-and-Roasted Portobellos

1/2 cup shredded mozzarella cheese (2 ounces)

3/4 cup all-purpose flour

1 tablespoon ranch dressing mix , such as Hidden Valley

2 large eggs , beaten

1 cup panko Japanese-style breadcrumbs

Neutral-flavored oil ,for frying

3/4 teaspoon kosher salt

3/8 teaspoon black pepper

2 hamburger buns of your choice

1/4 cup Thousand Island Dressing

1/4 cup dill pickle chips

1 cup shredded iceberg lettuce

1 medium tomato ,cut in 4 (1/4-inch-thick) slices

Drinks

Whipped Cold Brew

Robusta

Whip Cream

Milk

All Spice

Ice 

Blender 

Granola Smoothie

Granola

All Spice

Sugar

Blueberries

Blender

Rum Milkshakes

Sangster’s Rum Cream

60ml

Coconut Milk

240ml

Vanilla Essence

Chocolate Ice Cream

6 scoops

Coun'riad Criminal Unionism

Coun'riad: Counting money in the County through a Count with Henriad Shakespeare Impure Aesthetics

Real Estate Licenses over Diplomas

Craft unionism refers to a model of trade unionism in which workers are organised based on the particular craft or trade in which they work. It contrasts with industrial unionism, in which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of differences in skill.

Industrial unionism is a trade union organising method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of skill or trade, thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.

As an anti-statist ideology, social anarchism opposes the concentration of power in the form of a State.[19] To social anarchists, the state is a type of coercive hierarchy designed to enforce private property and to limit individual self-development.[20] Social anarchists reject both centralised and limited forms of government, instead upholding social collaboration as a means to achieve a spontaneous order, without any social contract supplanting social relations.[21] Social anarchists believe that the abolition of the state will lead to greater "freedom, flourishing and fairness".

As an anti-capitalist ideology, social anarchism is opposed to the dominant expressions of capitalism, including the expansion of transnational corporations through globalization.[10] It comprises one of the main forms of socialism, alongside utopian socialism, democratic socialism and authoritarian socialism. Social anarchism rejects private property, particularly private ownership of the means of production, as the principal source of social inequality. As such, social anarchists typically oppose propertarianism, as they consider it to exacerbate social and economic inequality, suppress individual agency and require the maintenance of hierarchical institutions.

Monopoly, real-estate board game for two to eight players, in which the player's goal is to remain financially solvent while forcing opponents into bankruptcy by buying and developing pieces of property.

“Mirrors for Princes” designates a literary genre in which political ideas are expressed in the form of advice to a ruler.

Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility.[1] Especially in earlier medieval periods the term often implied not only a certain status, but also that the count had specific responsibilities or offices. The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with some countships, but not all.

A county may be further subdivided into districts, hundreds, townships, or other administrative jurisdictions within the county. A county usually, but not always, contains cities, towns, townships, villages, or other municipal corporations, which in most cases are somewhat subordinate or dependent upon county governments. Depending on the nation, municipality, and local geography, municipalities may or may not be subject to direct or indirect county control. The functions of both levels are often consolidated into a city government when the area is densely populated, and are generally not when it is less densely populated.[b]

An upper-tier municipality means a municipality of which two or more lower-tier municipalities form part for municipalities purposes.

County Speech Accent

Glottal Stops Consonants

Ex. T is Eigh'een, G is Jar'on, L Ho'y; How are you amon' us Ho'y Shi'?!

Made up Verbs, Nouns, and Adjective with Schwa Endings: ER=SCHWA

Ex. Punch is Pover: Do you want a Pover to the Chin!

UK Class Structure

Royals

Monopoly Family

Government

Upper Class

Middle Class

County Speech Accent Vertical Farming Real Estate Socioeconomic Status

County Shilling

Ex. Welfare is £5000, it is now öS‎25,000 Schillings (50 Pence).

County Speech Pover Football

County Speech Accent Stylistic Biomechanics: Dribbling Foot To Ball Contact (Balls of Feet and Arch of Feet); Knee for Direction; Foot Drags; & Hip Angle, Crescent Moon Running Mechanics, and Laces Pover.

County Speech Accent Training: Metabolic Resistance Training; 200m-High Jump Cross Training; Keto BHB for Metabolism, Creatine-L-Carnitine L-Tartrate-Leucine for mTOR are my Supplements.

County Speech Accent Literature Circles

During literature circle time, students read together, then have discussions in which each student performs a specific role. Roles include the discussion director, vocabulary enricher, literary luminary, and checker. The teacher conducts mini-lessons before and after the literature circles.

Person A reads Chapter 1 and Person B reads Chapter 2.

The Financial Times Essential Guide, Blue Ocean Strategy, Contagious, The Project Revolution: How to Succeed in a Project Driven World

Fleurdelisé

[cosmic--dandelion]

So how did we get from this

To this?

Let's talk about the history of Beelzebub!

Beelzebub is strongly associated and indeed often conflated with Baal, a Hellenistic era pagan god worshipped everywhere from the Canaanite city of Ekron to Greece (where he was known as Belus) to Egypt as far back as 1400 BCE. He is first mentioned in the Books of Kings (2 Kings 1:2–3, 6, 16) as Ba'al-zəbûb, meaning "Lord of the Flies" in Hebrew, a possible corruption of "Lord of the High Place" meant to denigrate the deity after he was appropriated and repurposed as a false god, then a demon. Baal worship was extremely difficult for the early Christians to stamp out, so they basically stole other people's mythology and used it as a free idea bucket to fill out the Bible's rogues gallery.

While it's true that in some Ugaritic texts, Baal is depicted as expelling flies and causing sickness, he was still held in high esteem in ancient Canaan and Phoenicia as a powerful deity who controlled the sun, storms, and fertility and who defeated Mot, the god of death and the underworld. The ancient world could get pretty scatological at times! After all, one of Beelzebub's contemporaries, the Egyptian sun god Ra, was often depicted as a dung beetle, then a prominent symbol of rebirth.

Some scholars think he might have even been the same god! Beelzebub seems to have been the ancient world's go-to demon because the name has been used interchangeably with everyone from Lucifer, Satan, and even Hades in some gnostic texts.

Unfortunately, we don't have much information about Beelzebub's pre-Christian origins other than some iron age ruins in what is now modern day Israel that suggest his temples were decorated with little golden flies, which is pretty neat.

Interestingly, Jesus himself was accused of being a worshipper of Beelzebub multiple times in the New Testament. Maybe the Pharisees were projecting?

Throughout the Middle Ages, Beelzebub reappeared again in the Lantern of the Light (where he was associated with the sin of envy), De Occulta Philosophia, Princes of Hell, and other demonology texts. 16th-17th Century French Inquisitor Sébastien Michaelis elevated him to the rank of fallen angel in his book The Admirable History of Possession and Conversion of a Penitent Woman: Seduced by a Magician that Made Her to Become a Witch, translated to English in 1613. It was around this time Beelzebub started to become strongly associated with witchcraft. Michaelis should know; he burnt over 14 women accused of being witches!

Unsurprisingly, his name came up repeatedly during the Salem witch trials.

Beelzebub and fellow demons new and old bounced all over different classifications of demons during the 1500s and 1600s. In John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost, first published in 1667, Beelzebub was part of an unholy trinity consisting of him, Lucifer, and Astaroth. Occultist Johan Weyer decreed that Beelzebub was the Emperor of Hell, having led a successful revolt against the devil. German theologian Peter Binsfield described him as the Prince of Gluttony in his 1589 Treatise on Confessions by Evildoers and Witches. Before that, he was associated with Envy, then Pride.

We even have his personal signature! (At least according to the Grand Grimoir, an anonymous text on black magic of unknown origin)

Beelzebub's physical appearance is even more diverse. He's been depicted as everything from a leopard, a feminine man as tall as a tower, a snake, a calf with a fly's face to...whatever the literal hell this is:

"'dressed like a bee and with two dreadful ears and his hair painted in all colors with a dragon's tail"

Jacques Albin Simon Collin de Plancy (1793 – 1881)'s Dictionnaire infernal was among the first to depict Beelzebub literally as a fly. No duck feet, no lion's mane. Just a fly.

Still better than this.

As Plancy was a skeptic influenced by Voltaire, the book was first intended as a folklore compilation but was later modified to fit with Roman Catholic theology after he converted, much to the consternation of his admirers. Many of his lurid illustrations later appeared in S. L. MacGregor Mathers's edition of The Lesser Key of Solomon...for better or for worse.

Put Adrammelech in Helluva Boss you cowards.

So basically, Beelzebub has been a public domain character since before King Tut was laid in his golden sarcophagus, and people have been just making shit up about him for millennia. What's your favorite depictation of Beelzebub? This is mine:

Nothing beats 2nd Edition Dungeons & Dragons artwork.

[hiljametsa]

Proposal for Reconstructed English

The thesis at the heart of this proposed reconstruction process is as follows: The English language, in its earliest recognizably attested form, that is Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, is a full and capable language, able to adequately and generally express the experience, internal and external, of its speakers and writers. It is fit for new life in the contemporary world. In the evolution of English, the language has lost much of its original lexicon and grammar. This is to be restored to it, according to its earliest attested meaning and usage. Orthography is to be formed according to what standards are discernible in Middle and Early Modern English, in order to increase legibility to contemporary speakers. Certain native letters (þ and ð) are to be avoided for this reason, but their usage may be preferential. Syntax is to be formed along the lines of original usage, but may be adjusted for legibility. Phonology will be largely untouched, as the vast chasm of English phonological diversity is now as frustrating to descriptive efforts as it has ever been in the past. This is not a second attempt at what has heretofore been called “Anglish”, which is in general a lexical swap-out project intent on the removal of Latin-derived words from the vocabulary of Modern English. In Reconstructed English, Latin derived words which appear in the language pre-1066 will remain firmly in the lexicon. Where native Old English alternatives exist for latinate words, the native will be preferred. Where this occurs with other Germanic languages (almost solely Old Norse), both the native and non-native will be equally retained. Primary lexical and orthographical preference is to be given to Old English and Middle English, with reference preceding thereafter to Old Norse and German.

Primary influential texts include: Beowulf, the Exeter Book, The Anglo-Saxon Gospels, The Ormulum, Chaucer, and the Wycliffe Bible.

Example Text of Reconstructed English:

Our Fader, thou the eart in héavenum Thín Name béa yhalwed, Thín Rích become, Thín Will béa yworden, so on éarthen as in héavene. Yíve us today ouren daylían bréad, And foryív us oure gyltes, as we foryíveth ourem gyltendum. And ney ylæd us into costnungum, Ack aleís us from evile. Amen.

Example paradigms, noun, verb, and adjective:

Héaven - m. heaven, sky. From OE heofon. Sing., Pl. N. héaven, héavnes A. héaven, héavnes G. héavenes, héavena D. héavene, héavenum

Halwen - to hallow, make holy. present, past 1. ic halwe, halwed 2. thou halwest, halwedest 3. he halweth, halwed plr. halwíeth, halweden part. halwend, yhalwed sub. halwe, halwed halwen, halweden imp. halwe halwíeth inf. halwen halwene

Our - our, of or belonging to us. masc., fem., neu. N. our, our, our A. ouren, oure, our G. oures, oure, oures D. ourem, oure, ourem

Plr. N. our, our, our A. our, our, our G. oura, oura, oura D. ourem, ourem, ourem

[catsconflictscopicsandchamomile]

Okay buckle up I'm taking a break from weird anglo-saxon sewing to ramble about Old English terminology for a bit

@tansyuduri this is the term I had mentioned I wanted to tell you about re: nature spirits acting as intermediaries between realms

Lets talk about the word "Mearcstapa".

Its used once in Beowulf, in line 103, to describe the creature Grendel.

Grendel is, in brief, some kind of ambiguous creature and/or cursed human, descended from Cain, cursed by that descent to wander and "hold" (as in, treat as a stronghold) the wilderness forever. He has very little physical description except that he is very large and swordproof, and may have claws? Anyway, he isn't what I want to talk abt right now. For Once.

I'm going to take a stab at translating the OE text myself, VERY roughly, and provide some context for where the word appears.

"This grim ghost was called Grendel, famous mearc-stapa, he who holds the marshes, fen-as-fortress; the lands of monsters un-blessed he guarded for a while, since the Shaper* had him written in the race of Cain- whose torment was the Lord's vengeance, for he slew Abel."

(Beowulf lines 102-108, translation My Weird Gay Ass)

*a common OE term for God, meaning something between "shaper/maker" and "poet/singer"

(that is MESSY towards the end but I've never tried to translate Beowulf myself ok)

anyway it goes on about Cain for a bit after that, the usual stuff you can find in the bible, but what is a "Mearc-stapa"?

well, "-stapa" is really easy, its one of the words in Old English that changed relatively little into the modern day.

"-stapa" is "stepper". one who steps across, walks upon and generally treads over something.

ok cool. what's a "mearc"

WELL THIS IS WHERE THINGS GET REALLY REALLY WEIRD AND HARD TO TRANSLATE.

"Mearc" as a word and as a concept has not survived intact in modern English, at least not on its own. Its latest surviving incarnations are in the extremely-early-middle-english "March" or "Mark", so lets start there. I'm just gonna hit Wiki for this one:

In medieval Europe, a march or mark was, in broad terms, any kind of borderland,[1] as opposed to a state's "heartland". More specifically, a march was a border between realms or a neutral buffer zone under joint control of two states in which different laws might apply. In both of these senses, marches served a political purpose, such as providing warning of military incursions or regulating cross-border trade.

Marches gave rise to titles such as marquess (masculine) or marchioness (feminine) in England; marqués (masculine) and marquesa (feminine) in Spanish-speaking countries and the Catalan and Galician regions; marquês (masculine) and marquesa (feminine) in Portuguese-speaking countries; markesa (both masculine and feminine) in Basque; marquis (masculine) or marquise (feminine) in France and Scotland, margrave (German: Markgraf, lit. 'march count'; masculine) or margravine (German: Markgräfin, lit. 'march countess', feminine) in Germany, and corresponding titles in other European states.

Etymology[edit]

The word "march" derives ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root *mereg-, meaning "edge, boundary". The root *mereg- produced Latin margo ("margin"), Old Irish mruig ("borderland"), Welsh bro ("region, border, valley") and Persian and Armenian marz ("borderland"). The Proto-Germanic *marko gave rise to the Old English word mearc and Frankish marka, as well as Old Norse mǫrk meaning "borderland, forest",[2] and derived from merki "boundary, sign",[2] denoting a borderland between two centres of power.

In Old English "mark" meant "boundary" or "sign of a boundary", and the meaning only later evolved to encompass "sign" in general, "impression" and "trace".

The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia took its name from West Saxon mearc "marches", which in this instance referred explicitly to the territory's position on the Anglo-Saxon frontier with the Romano-British to the west.

...cool. that was a lot. anyway, that's what a "Mearc" is, in the most basic sense (Beowulf being in the West-Saxon dialect mentioned above, specifically having been recorded mainly in the Late-West-Saxon written dialect known academically as Winchester Standard for reasons to do with some bishop whose name I'm not going to bother trying to spell)

however, in the context its used in Beowulf, "Mearcstapa", or "Mark-walker", becomes a REALLY weird term. See, Grendel isnt wandering around the boundaries between two towns, or kingdoms, or countries. He's just kind of out in the woods, some of which happen to border one singular, somewhat sizeable town that Grendel then regularly attacks. So what is he walking the border between?

Well, academics love to talk abt that lmao. Some people say it refers to land- or politically-based borders much LARGER than a country, and that it denotes Grendel as a foreigner, from another land or part of the world entirely. Some people see "Mark" as conjuring an image of a swampy, be-fogged "no mans' land" where settling and agriculture would be impossible. A wasteland, for human habitation at least, and thus an "in-between-place" in relation to the boundaries of human civilization- somewhere you travel through or around in between human-settled areas, where no laws of God or man apply. Its "The Dark Forest", the "Past The Threshold" in the Hero's Journey.

However, there's another widely discussed thematic meaning here, and it relies on a bit of context. Beowulf was recorded by monks in a time when Christianity was still relatively new to Northern Europe, the last remnants of various pagan religions only having been definitively wiped out a few centuries prior (FUCK YOU CHARLEMAGNE), and that's the time of RECORDING- Beowulf, as a story, had almost definitely been composed and passed down orally within those same preceding few centuries, likely in the 800s a.d. but possibly as far back as the 600s a.d. . So, what this means is that Beowulf is a record (imperfect as it is, being written down later and by monks) of a culture mid-transition between paganism and Christianity, and this isn't clearer anywhere than in another passage rambling on about Cain:

(in which I attempt to sloppily translate Beowulf again)

(picking up where we left off) "...no joy did he get from that feud, but was driven far away, ill-fated for his evil, far away from mankind. From thence all monstrous births awoke, jotun and elves and orcs*, those same giants who fought with God over long seasons; this was the recompense given"

(Beowulf, lines 109-144, trans. Me and 24/7 my spn brianrot)

*lit: "evil spirits" but the word is "Orcneas", Tolkein stole it and so will I.

(again, is this right? eh. mostly. the end got rough again)

so okay, lots of the usual Cain stuff, and some mentions of giants that some scholars have interpreted as relating to the Nephelim (more context there but its not relevant to this post). However, what may seem GLARINGLY out of place to anyone reading this passage about the BIBLICAL CAIN is the mention of JOTUN, ELVES AND ORCS.

and you'd be right! that is weird! and Grendel is a part of that!

so, with this context, it can be understood that the "Mearc" of Grendel's "Mearcstapa" has multiple meanings, to us anyway. For the Anglo-Saxon people who composed and passed down the story of Beowulf, the lawless and dangerous wilderness just outside their villages would have been one and the same to the lawless, dangerous world of heathen gods and monstrous creatures that their culture had so recently left behind. Uncontrolled forces and places that didn't respect the rule of man or God, untamed, just barely dispelled and always lurking at the edges. That is the "Mearc", as it is used here.

Mearcstapa, Mark-Walkers, Cain, whatever, happy Deanmon 10th anniversary yall.

Oh, on that note- some scholars/translators HAVE tried to argue for "Mearcstapa" as "Marked Wanderer", re: the Mark of Cain. However, they are more or less soundly overruled by the prevailing academic understanding of the term...

which is that the "Mark" is a liminal space that, in addition to being the actual areas between towns/cities and the place where monsters live, is also the barrier keeping remaining scraps of paganism (ie, perhaps other gods?) out of Christianity. And the descendants of Cain were set to patrol it. And that's something someone said in, AT THE LATEST, 1000 a.d.

why am I burdened with this knowledge.

[mehilaiselokuva]

Deciphering old Finnish texts

(Don't worry, regular content coming soon, just got inspired by a KOTUS text)

So, let me show you some old text from the Bible and let's inspect it together!

"Oy, Oy, Oy, Herra Jumala, Catzos, Sine teijt Taijwan ia Maan sinun swren woijmas cautta"

The first thing we spot is the usage of C, Z, W and other less used letters. That's the first key for spotting old Finnish text.

"Oy oy oy" Translates to "oi oi oi" or something similar.

"Catzos" translates to "katsos" in modern Finnish. (Look!)

The next text is "Sine tejt Taijwan ia Maan". a.k.a "Sinä teit taivaan ja maan" (You created the heavens and the earth). All v-sounds were written with a w and "ja" was somewhat standardized to "ia". Nouns were mostly written starting with capital letters, inspired by the Germans. "Sinä" ends with an e.

"Sinun swren Woijmas cautta" translates to "Sinun suuren voimas' kautta" (through your great powers). Uu in "suuren" was written with a singular W, and so was V in the start of what is today "voima". K in "kautta" was written with a C.

We can also spot the usage of "ij" in words, which is rarely used today and is replaced by a singular i. (Taijwan, woijmas)

So, this text roughly translates to "Oi oi oi, Herra Jumala, Katsos, Sinä teit taivaan ja maan sinun suuren voimas' kautta"

It's pretty cool reading these old texts, trying to see what the writer thought the Finnish language sounded like. Hehe

[madamlaydebug]

Alchemy in the Bible.....

In this thy book, such will there nothing see, As in the Bible some can find out alchemy. - John Donne Opened magic book with space for copy text

A few months ago, I had written a popular article about Gnostic Bible Verses that many of you enjoyed. Some of you were not aware that there are many Gnostic teachings in the bible that we modern followers of Gnosis can utilize for our own benefit.

In this article, I would like to list some of the teachings on alchemy that I have found in the bible. Alchemy is the science of mastering the chemical energies of our minds and bodies in order to operate at the most effective optimum level as a human. A science, that can literally transform our entire bodies and energies. A science, that can not only prevent and cure disease, but also improve the quality and prolong our lives.

Alchemy and Jesus An example of alchemy in the bible, would be when Jesus fasted for forty days and nights in the Judaean Desert after being baptized . What Jesus was doing in the desert, was alchemy in the form of solitude, prayer, and fasting. By going into the desert for 40 days and 40 nights, Jesus was tempted by the devil, but he was successfully able to cleanse these impure thoughts, not only in his mind, but also impurities from his body. What this bible passage is describing, is the alchemical transformation of his whole chemical make up, into a new heavenly one made of the stars. The ascension of Jesus to heaven then occurs 40 days after the Resurrection (Acts 1:3). As Jesus had said In Revelation 22:16, he unmistakably identifies Himself as the morning star.

Comparing alchemy and the bible is nothing new, but a revival of the hidden biblical teachings that many people have interpreted since the early beginnings of Christianity and especially during the Renaissance. Much of the alchemical writings of these biblical scholars had went underground during the Renaissance, when the Church of England had banned many of these teachings.

One of the most famous interpreters of the bible during this time was Paracelsus. Paracelsus (born Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, 11 November or 17 December 1493 – 24 September 1541) was a German-Swiss Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. He founded the discipline of toxicology and modern psychology, that often also credits him for being the first to note that some diseases are rooted in psychological illness. Paracelsus had also used the teachings of the bible and science to help interpret some of his alchemical teachings.

Paracelsus was a true man of God, who was also a Gnostic that walked the walk, and talked the talk. He was known as a paracelsus fiercely independent thinker whose thoughts and teachings went against the status quo of the medical and religious establishments. Paracelsus was openly defiant against mainstream medicine because his ideas were very different from that of his medical colleagues. And we all know what happens when someone goes against the establishment... They are simply taken down and outcast from the mainstream, as it was in the case of Paracelsus.

Here is an example of one of these incidents that Paracelsus had to face after he had actually cured a prominent ecclesiastic of gout; then when he demanded a fee for his services, he was accused of necromancy, sorcery, and drunkenness.

After Paracelsus had been lecturing in the University of Basel for about two years he was called to a prominent ecclesiastic who was suffering from the pangs of gout. Paracelsus agreed to cure the Bible into German. Priests and doctors before his sufferer for 100 florins, and produced immediate relief by the administration of "laudanum pills," probably similar to our laudanum. He then demanded his fee, which was refused by the prudent ecclesiastic, and the matter was finally taken into the courts.

The defendant not only declined to pay the bill, but publicly accused Paracelsus of necromancy, sorcery, and drunkenness. After hearing the case the court decided in favor of the priest, whereupon the professor issued a violent and abusive manifesto against the judge. This did not go well in the little republic of Switzerland, and led to the inauguration of steps to visit upon the offender condign punishment for contempt of court. The professor having got wind of this fled with great precipitation, and thus sacrificed his professorship and his position as city physician.

Isaac Newton had also written occult works that had explored chronology, alchemy, and Biblical interpretation (especially of the Apocalypse). As a Bible scholar, Newton was initially interested in the sacred geometry of Solomon's Temple, such as golden sections, conic sections, spirals, orthographic projection, and other harmonious constructions, but he also believed that the dimensions and proportions represented more. He noted that the temple's measurements given in the Bible are mathematical problems, related to solutions for \pi and the volume of a hemisphere, V = (2/3)\pi r^3, and in a larger sense that they were references to the size of the Earth and man's place and proportion to it. (Issac Newton Sourced from Wikipedia)

In 1675 Newton annotated a copy of Manna - a disquisition of the nature of alchemy, an anonymous treatise which had been given to him by his fellow scholar Ezekiel Foxcroft. In his annotation Newton reflected upon his reasons for examining Solomon's Temple by writing:This philosophy, both speculative and active, is not only to be found in the volume of nature, but also in the sacred scriptures, as in Genesis, Job, Psalms, Isaiah and others. In the knowledge of this philosophy, God made Solomon the greatest philosopher in the world.

Carl Jung Alchemist The infamous Swiss Gnostic, psychiatrist and psychotherapist, Carl Jung had written about these scientific connections between alchemy and Christianity. One such example, is when Jung had demonstrated that the philosopher's stone and the image of Christ had mirror like qualities between alchemy and Christianity themselves. He had said, "Alchemy stands in a compensatory relationship to mainstream Christianity, rather like a dream does to the conscious attitudes of the dreamer. The Stone of alchemy is in many respects the stone rejected by the builders of Christian culture, demanding recognition and reincorporation into the building itself".

Below are some examples of alchemy that can be found in the bible. The interpretation of each verse must be done by each one of us if we are able to tap into these secret mysteries of life.

Psalms 12:6 - The words of the LORD [are] pure words: [as] silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times.

Proverbs 27:21 - [As] the fining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold; so [is] a man to his praise.

Revelation 3:18 - I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and [that] the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that thou mayest see.

1 John 3:1-24 - Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us not, because it knew him not.

First Epistle John Chapter 5:21 Little children, keep yourselves from idols. Amen.

Timothy Chapter 1:5 Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned: and 6 From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling;

Romans 12:1-21 - I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, [which is] your reasonable service.

Exodus 4:1-31 - And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe me, nor hearken unto my voice: for they will say, The LORD hath not appeared unto thee.

Genesis 2:22 - And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.

Genesis 2:7 - And the LORD God formed man [of] the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

Revelation 2:17 - He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth [it].

Matthew 4:1-25 - Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil.

Psalms 106:22 - Wondrous works in the land of Ham, [and] terrible things by the Red sea.

Exodus 32:19-20 - And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.

Exodus 7:17 - Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I [am] the LORD: behold, I will smite with the rod that [is] in mine hand upon the waters which [are] in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.

Mark 8:36 - For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?

SOURCES:

1. Medical Record, Volume 84 edited by George Frederick Shrady, Thomas Lathrop Stedman

2. Alchemy in the Bible By Thomas Willard

3. Wikipedia

4. King James Bible Online

[cd-covington]

Two questions for you, if you don't mind!

I'm working on a story that's set in a future version of the real world. Can you give me any advice on how modern languages might change going forward? Are there any sort of "trends" in phonology that might continue?

Also, the world consists of several post-human races that have differentiated to fill ecological niches. Some look and act more like buffalo, others like arthropods, et cetera. I want them to all speak different [accents?|dialects?] of the same language, but I'm having trouble keeping consistent the sounds that each race can or can't make. It's also difficult to make them feel unique without restricting their vocabulary down to only a few phonemes. Do you have any advice on developing phonetic restrictions?

Hi literal-bot! Thanks for your questions!

Predicting language change is extremely difficult. Language change occurs in all aspects of a language, including sound/phonetics, semantics, inflection, and vocabulary. We can describe what a language looked like at a previous point in time and compare it to itself at another point in time, or compare related languages to each other at the same point in time. (Assuming that we have written material for all of them. The oldest texts that are more than inscriptions on tools or stones that we have for the Germanic languages date to the 9th century CE. Except the Gothic Bible, which dates to the 4th century, but Gothic is the only attested East Germanic language, and that entire branch is extinct. Then there’s 500 years of, like, “I built this stone in honor of my son who died at sea” or nothing at all.) Since you asked about sound change, that’s what I’ll focus on here. Also, I can only speak with any expertise about the Germanic languages (mainly German, but you can’t avoid learning about English if you study linguistics in the US), so specific examples will vary if you’re talking about, say, French or Māori or Mandarin. I have plans to cover this extensively in my book, and a full discussion would be way too long for a tumblr post, so this is going to be more superficial than I would like.

Sound change can occur with consonants. That’s why English has day, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish have dag, and German has Tag. It’s also why the Germanic languages have fish and brother, but Latin and its descendents have piscis and frater. (And then there’s Swiss German.)

Vowels can also change, of course. There were vowel changes that occurred before the Germanic peoples had writing that gave Germanic languages the historical [o] sound in brother (that has since shifted further in the West Germanic languages) instead of the [a] sound in Latin frater. The Great Vowel Shift is why English spelling makes no god damn sense.

There are several sound changes occurring in US English right now, as well as a wide variety of regional variations. (UK, Australian, and New Zealand Englishes also have their own sets of vowel changes and regional variations that I am not expert in and cannot discuss.) You could take any of these and make them the dominant variation in your future society.

The most notable sound change is referred to as the Northern Cities Vowel Shift, and it could be the next big thing. The first step was documented in the 1960s (but probably started in the 1930s), a tensing and raising of the [æ] vowel in trap to something more like trep, and there are now 6 documented shifts.

Another major ongoing vowel change is the cot/caught merger. (If you pronounce these two words the same, congratulations – you have the merger, like most North Americans! I do not.) Regional variations in vowel sound include monophthongization in the South (I –> ah) and the pin/pen merger.

I’ve been noticing a couple things when I watch movies or peer-reviewed tiktoks or when I talk to people, and I don’t know if they’ve been studied yet. The first is a tensing of the /i/ vowel in words like king or going to sound more like an /e/, like keeng or goeeng. I don’t have any data on who’s doing it, so I can’t speculate on what region it comes from or how old the people who do it are. If nobody over 20 is doing it, it’s a more recent change than if the cutoff is 40. But I heard it from grad school friends who were in their mid-20s at the time (five years ago), so it’s not SUPER recent.

The other thing is super cool to me, because it parallels the first Germanic sound shift. The [k] sound in words like cool or clear is becoming more heavily aspirated and maybe even becoming a fricative. Which is exactly what happened like 2000 years ago! First, what is aspiration? Aspiration is the presence of a puff of air when you release a stop, like /p t k/. Put your hand in front of your mouth and say top. You’ll feel a little puff after the /t/ and /p/.  Second, what’s a fricative? That’s sounds like /s f h/, where the air moves through a constriction. So, the [k] is already aspirated because of how English works, but maybe it’s a little hard to distinguish sometimes, so you add a little extra /h/ to it, and eventually you get enough in there that it’s almost [x] – the sound in German ach.

So, phonologically speaking, ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ Start with the pages I linked and pick something you like, then take it further. What happened in the past is likely to happen again. But on the plus side, whatever you decide, nobody can tell you you’re wrong. If you have institutional access (I do not), this reference encyclopedia looks amazing. If your outgoing language isn’t English, try searching for some variation of “ongoing sound change in X” until you find something.

Your second question overlaps slightly with one in my inbox (whose answer should go up on Friday), so I’ll have a more detailed answer then. But for now, here’s a VERY superficial preview (and I have about 5000 words on this in my current book draft, so this is the idk 200-word version of something that’s already a highly condensed version of half a semester of grad school, so, uh, I hope this makes sense.)

As you’ve already pointed out, mouth shape affects what sounds a creature can make. But real-world linguistics only studies human speech, for obvious reasons, so what do you do when a bison gains language? One thing you can do is sketch out their vocal tract and figure out which human sounds just aren’t accessible to them. How muscular are their lips/jowls? Will they be able to round or purse them to make /oo/ sounds? Will labiodentals ([f v]) be possible?

I like the way this graphic shows the human vocal tract over the IPA chart, because it puts the two things right next to each other. It doesn’t explain what the articulations are, but this (very dry) page does. So you have your human vocal tract and your sketch of your non-human vocal tract (to the same scale), and if you overlay them, you’ll find places that can make interesting differences in what speech sounds are or aren’t available between one species and the other.

If you think this is interesting, consider backing my Kickstarter, where I’ll be writing a book about how to use linguistics in your worldbuilding process. Or if tumblr ever sorts out tipping for my account, leave me a tip.

[xtruss]

Hebrew Wasn’t Spoken For 2,000 Years. Here’s How It Was Revived.

The religious language that lay dormant for millennia is now global, used by millions of people around the world—including in China.

— By Allie Yang | May 11, 2023

The Codex Sassoon, the oldest and most complete Hebrew Bible, is set to go to auction this year. Religious texts like this one were a major factor in keeping Hebrew alive for two thousand years. Photograph By Wiktor Szymanowicz, Anadulo Agency/Getty Images

Today, Hebrew is a thriving language—used by millions of speakers around the world to communicate all their thoughts and desires.

That may have seemed almost impossible less than 150 years ago, when the language was thought to exist only in ancient religious texts.

For some two thousand years, Hebrew laid dormant as Jewish communities scattered across the globe, and adopted the languages of their new homes. By the late 1800s, Hebrew vocabulary was limited to archaic and religious concepts of the Hebrew Bible—and lacked words for everything from “newspaper” and “academia” to “muffin” and “car.”

Here’s a look at the bumpy road to modernizing Hebrew and the debates that surround its continuing evolution today.

Girls learn ancient Hebrew in Samaria, a region in modern day Palestine 🇵🇸, in the early 1900s. Photograph By American Colony Photographers, National Geographic Image Collection

Hebrew Never Really Died

The Jewish people were once known as Hebrews for their language, which flourished from roughly the 13th to second centuries B.C.—when the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Old Testament, was collected. Hebrew was used in daily life until the second century B.C. at latest, experts believe.

But beginning in the second century B.C., Jewish people became increasingly ostracized and oppressed. Through the rise and fall of Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and beyond, they were forced to migrate around Europe and adopted the language of the country they were in. They also formed new languages like Yiddish, which mixed Hebrew, German, and Slavic languages.

Still, the Jewish people were known as “People of the Book.” As part of traditions like studying the Torah and reading it aloud, Jews continued to learn Hebrew to read from the Bible and written Hebrew lived on for more than a millennium mostly through religious practice.

There were exceptions: more educated Jews exchanged messages in Hebrew, sometimes between merchants for records of business, says Meirav Reuveny, a Hebrew language historian at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. A 10th-century trove of documents showed that some women, a group generally confined to domestic duties at the time, also wrote letters, exchanged legal documents, and recorded business in Hebrew. From the 10th to 14th centuries, there was an explosion of secular Hebrew poetry in Andalusia, Spain.

Eliezer Ben-Yehuda reads at his desk shortly before his death in 1922. Historian Cecil Roth famously said, “Before Ben‑Yehuda, Jews could speak Hebrew; after him, they did.” Photograph By Lebrecht Music & Arts, Alamy Stock Photo

Waking The Giant

In the 19th century, most Jews in Europe were still second-class citizens when a new movement emerged that looked to Hebrew as a way to inspire hope through the Jewish people’s glorious past, Reuveny says. Hebrew revivalists wanted to expand the language beyond the abstract concepts in the Bible—they wanted to use it to talk about modern events, politics, philosophy, and medicine.

Among the leaders of the movement was Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, credited as the father of Modern Hebrew.

“One person cannot invent a language,” Reuveny says. “But he makes a good hero, something important for a social movement.”

Ben-Yehuda was born in 1858 in Lithuania, where Jews were heavily discriminated against and violent pogroms terrorized Jewish communities regularly. When Ben-Yehuda traveled to Paris in 1878, he was empowered by the growing Jewish nationalist movement he witnessed there.

He believed Jews needed a country and language to flourish. He moved to Jerusalem in 1881, where he and his wife made the decision to only speak Hebrew—despite missing words for essential modern items and concepts. They raised their son Itamar Ben-Avi to be the first native Hebrew speaker in almost 2,000 years.

In the beginning, Hebrew went through growing pains: the language needed many new words. Ben-Yehuda made a dictionary of new Hebrew words (including מילון, or milon, the word for dictionary). Hebrew newspapers across Europe invented their own words, too, Reuveny says.

Left: A shop on New York City’s Lower East Side in 1940 is covered with signs written in Yiddish, which primarily uses the Hebrew alphabet. Photograph By Charles Phelps Cushing, Classicstock/Getty Images

Right: A boy learns the Hebrew alphabet as a member of a Black Jewish congregation in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, circa 1955. Photograph By Archive Photos, Getty Images

Many people saw this as an unwelcome change—swapping an ancient and sacred language to a new and strange one. Hebrew revivalists chose a difficult way of life by speaking only Hebrew, before it could meet the needs of modern life.

Gradually, the language was standardized in the early 20th century. The first Modern Hebrew dictionary was released in its completed form in 1922. Hebrew language schools were opened, then Hebrew became the language of instruction of all subjects in Jerusalem schools (the first in 1913).

After the state of Israel was established in 1948, people flocked from all over the world. Many young adults learned Hebrew through the young nation’s mandatory military service, though most families in Israel became Hebrew speakers over one to two generations.

Today, of the 9.5 million people in Israel aged 20 and over, almost everyone uses Hebrew, and 55 percent speak it as their native language. Around the world there are around 15 million Hebrew speakers; in the U.S., there are 195,375.

An Unstoppable Force

Modern Hebrew has changed significantly but still shares clear ties with Biblical Hebrew.

“King David and I could probably understand each other,” says Mirit Bessire, Hebrew language program director at Johns Hopkins University, who points out that it’s not all that different from modern English speakers attempting to understand someone using Shakespearean English.

The growing pains Hebrew experienced as it modernized during Ben-Yehuda’s time are echoed in controversies today. Inclusive language such as non-binary adaptations have proven difficult to adopt as Hebrew is significantly gendered, Reuveny says. Modern words and concepts like “gaslighting” also stir debate about how much outside cultures are affecting the language.

“Language does naturally evolve and grow. It’s inevitable. It’s not in our hands what our language does,” Bessire says.

Language fills the needs of its users, she adds—and today we have more needs than ever as social media and email connect communities of Hebrew speakers far beyond Israel. For example, Bessire says, there are Hebrew communities in China that are not Jewish but have become fluent in the language for business purposes.

“Hebrew is a language of proficiency,” Bessire says. “It's a language that you use for your everyday life, from technology to medicine.”

[qupritsuvwix]

Critical Rage Theory: If you put a roll of toilet paper on a table and tell someone that it is more similar to the “original” Bible than our current “book” is, they will think you are joking. You will not be.

The original form of the text was without vowels, titles, chapters or verses, and written on lord knows what.

Kinda like thriginlfrmfthtxtwswthtvwlsttlschptrsrvrssndwrttnnlrdknwswht…

The parchment (made from animal skins) scrolls that we have access to are generations later than the original manuscripts.

The verses in the “bible” were introduced pretty much arbitrarily, sometimes subverting the intended meaning or completely changing it. The verses and chapter divisions were supposedly introduced so you could find shit more easily in a block of text. Unfortunately, in the eyes and minds of modern cultists, it also introduced a level of organization and specification that is now attributed to divine will!

That citizens of the USA are addicted to an “english” version of a Hebrew and Greek text that has been modified and paraphrased to suit a specific religious cult at a certain time in white history is hilarious. That cult is the Church of England, an almost defunct sect of weirdos who are used-to-be Catholics who were turned into not-catholic-anymore by the stiffening of a Royal Penis that was disapproved of by the Rock Star of the Catholic cult, The POPE, whose occasionally stiffening penis was nobody’s business but his imaginary friends, the Father, Son, and little miss “I’m a good girl, I am!”

The “Bible” doesn’t really exist. It is a BOOK edition of a pile of crumbling scrolls. The scrolls were collections of hand-scribbled consonants without vowels, word divisions, verse divisions, chapters, or reliably attributable authors on lengths of animal skin. And that was just the Hebrew! The Greek texts were also fun, being backwards or zig-zaggy, using abbreviations or local slang… and suffering from it’s own Cursive version…

If you handed a BOOK to Jesus, would he know what to do with it?

What is a BOOK? It is a technological innovation. You can access any portion of it at once. With a scroll, you have open it and gently, um, “scroll” your way through the text. A BOOK is easily stored, easily transported, relatively protected from weather and damp, has it’s name on the spine and can be shelved or stacked or shoved in a pocket.

We are told that BOOKS were invented to accommodate the Gospels. This would have been a tremendous surprise to the Chinese and Koreans who invented books and printing long before Christians were invented!

Also, the characters the words of the Old (!) and New (?) Testament were scrawled in are not directly translatable to the English alphabet. Transliteration and translation are not the same thing. Some paraphrasing is going to occur. Some GUESSING is going to occur!

Not Only That, But:

The alphabet that English reading people use has changed since the KJV was published in 1611. Thus, the text has been changed to accommodate this. The letter “j” fer’instance, is the youngest character in the English alphabet. Hello, Nurse!

So, that means all the words and names in the “Bible” BOOK that have a “j” in them used to HAVE ANOTHER LETTER! I, Y, H… And those are just the Greek versions of Aramaic names… Wait ‘til we get to the LATIN versions of everything, some of which slopped over into the German, French, and Spanish translations of the “bible” of today.

The mental bean bags who tell you that the square chunk of paper wrapped in leather that they call a “bible”, is in that form because their imaginary friend chose to “inspire” men to create that form, need to be encouraged to use their imagination more creatively than the morons they are plagiarizing. The ultimate “blasphemy” is being boring. Boring is ugly. Jesus don’t like ugly!

[rockislandadultreads]

Book Recommendations: Spring Holidays

Inside the Soul of Islam by Mamoon Yusaf

lslam is currently the most spoken about religion in the Western world, and yet it is also the most misunderstood and misinterpreted. Despite frequent news coverage, we remain poorly informed about the true beliefs at the heart of Islam. How many of us would be able to explain who the Prophet Muhammad was or what the Quran actually teaches?

In this profound yet highly accessible book, practising Muslim Mamoon Yusaf provides a vital introduction to the essential teachings of Islam. In each short chapter he focuses on a core teaching from the Quran, such as loving kindness, resilience, gratitude or forgiveness, and shares his unique insight into how these teachings can lead to spiritual evolution in anyone, regardless of their beliefs, religion or background.

Mamoon also considers the role of women in Islam, as well as the true nature and meaning of the words jihad and Shariah. Finally, touching upon current events, he demonstrates how acts of violence committed in the name of Islam are inherently un‑Islamic, and boldly concludes not only that Islam is not the cause of terrorism – Islam contains the cure for it.

The Last Hours of Jesus by Ralph Gorman

Here for the ordinary reader is an unforgettable moment-by-moment account that brings to vivid life the powerful events that transpired between Jesus' Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane and His death on the Cross at Golgotha.

Told accurately and in a manner interesting and intelligible, it actually provides a fuller treatment of the Passion than is found in the Gospels. You see, those Gospels were written for first century readers already familiar with many of the persons, places, parties, and politics that colored events in those long-past days. Not so modern readers, twenty centuries later! Which is why Fr. Ralph Gorman has here crafted for us a single detailed narrative out of the four Gospels, weaving into his narrative relevant Old Testament passages and prophecies, and facts from Jewish and Roman history, laws, beliefs, traditions, and practices, plus helpful first century military, political, geographical, and archaeological information.

Faithful to the Gospels while drawing on the best commentaries on them in English, Latin, French, German, and Italian, these rich pages provide you a refreshing reading of the Gospels supplemented by reliable archaeological, historical, and theological information about the period, places, and persons involved. Plus, you have the benefit of Fr. Gorman's keen depictions of the Gospel places based on his three years' residence there.

The Women of Easter by Liz Curtis Higgs

You're about to meet three women named Mary, each of whom has a life-changing encounter with Jesus. Mary of Bethany prepares the way for the Lord’s burial when she anoints His feet and fills the air with her perfume. His mother, Mary of Nazareth, remains by His side from His first breath to His last, her loyalty unwavering. Mary Magdalene, delivered of seven demons, bravely supports her Teacher through His darkest hours and then proclaims the glorious news of His resurrection. What a trio. What a Savior!

Your mind and emotions will be engaged and your faith strengthened as each scene unfolds, preparing your heart for a richer, deeper Easter experience. Liz Curtis Higgs, a seasoned Bible teacher and award-winning novelist, combines her storytelling skills with a thorough verse-by-verse study of Scripture as together you explore the remarkable lives of the women of Easter.

Your Guide to the Jewish Holidays by Cantor Matt Axelrod

Recent years have seen an increased interest in Jewish life, its culture, and its celebrations. There are many new students of Judaism, often potential converts or members of interfaith families who are seeking to learn more about the religion and its rituals. Unfortunately, many of the existing texts that examine the Jewish holidays are written in a dry, unexciting way, making it difficult for the reader to retain much information. 

For those seeking to learn more about Jewish celebrations, Cantor Matt Axelrod has written Your Guide to the Jewish Holidays: From Shofar to Seder. Intended for the reader who has no prior knowledge about the Jewish holidays as well as the reader who knows the basics about the holidays but wants to understand the holidays on a deeper level, Axelrod's book takes a humorous, light-hearted look at the 11 most important Jewish holidays. Instead of simply explaining that Jews are obligated to observe in a certain way because of a biblical text, Axelrod shows where each holiday, along with its rituals, came from in a historical context. He provides a humorous retelling of the biblical passages relating to the holiday, explorations of rituals associated with each holiday, and descriptions of traditional foods. 

Your Guide to the Jewish Holidays also features special sections labeled "In Depth" or "Perfect for Families" that expand upon elements of each holiday in ways that provide greater understanding of traditions or that invite the reader to get the rest of the family involved.

[nbwitzler]

Who Was The Goddess? Or Goddess Who?  Part 2: Diana/Artemisia

Today I'm going to continue the series "who was the goddess?", which I talk about the possibility that those accused of witchcraft in the Modern Age were actually worshiping some pagan goddess and for that they were condemned. In the first episode I talked about Lilith, so if you haven't seen it, go back here to read! And today I will talk about our second candidate: the goddess Diana!

Diana of Versailles, a 2nd century Roman version in the Greek tradition of iconography, Louvre Museum, Paris

Remember I said that historians in the 19th century started looking for this goddess? So it started like this: one hypothesis was that there existed in Europe, before Christianity arrived there, the belief that on certain nights of the year, a horde of spirits and creatures would wander through the night led by a female entity. And this procession probably had pagan roots. This is a belief that existed in different parts of Europe, especially in the German region, and then in each place this horde did different things and started to be called in English "Wild Hunt", or the “Furious Horde”, and then they began the search for this entity. And the main candidate for this leadership was precisely the goddess Diana.

This one is a regular feature and is in fact often cited when talking about the survivals of paganism. But to begin with, who was she?

Diana is a Roman goddess equivalent to the Greek goddess Ártemis, Artêmis, Artemisia, whatever you want to call her, but today I'm going to focus on the Roman versions of her!

Apollo (left) and Artemis (right). 470 B.C. Brygos (potter, signed), Briseis Painter, Tondo from an Attic red-figure bowl, Louvre

Very briefly, in general, she is a goddess who has always been associated with nature, with wildlife, being considered at times even as the protector of the woods and animals. Back in the Hellenistic period she was also considered to be the goddess protector of country life, that is, of nature that had been somehow transformed by man but was not city life -- it was the so-called “Villa Rustica”. But the most famous version of her that has come down to us is her image as a night hunter. The Roman poet Nemesian described her carrying a bow and quiver with golden arrows; she wore a golden cloak, purple stockings and boots, and a belt with a jeweled buckle to secure her tunic, and she wore her hair tied up in a ribbon. With the expansion of the Roman Empire throughout Europe, the cult of its gods also spread and ended up mixing with the deities already existing among the populations that already inhabited those places, and it was no different with Diana. The historian Luis Baena del Alcazar shows how the worship of Diana ended up mixing with the worship of other goddesses that already existed in the region of Spain that were similar to each other, or that people worshiped Diana in public life but at home continued to worship their own goddesses, and as they were similar, would not arouse much suspicion by the Roman Government.

After Rubens, possibly Peter Paul, Diana and Nymphs Hunting a Deer, between 1640 and 1673.

Turning now to medieval and modern - and Christian - Europe, the first mention we have directly of Diana is in the Canon Episcopi, a text of Canon Law written from the 10th to the 12th century and where the idea of "witches" first appears closer to what they would become in the modern age. The text reads: 

"Some bewitched women, perverted by the devil, seduced by illusions and phantoms of demons, believe and confess that they ride certain animals during the hours of the night accompanying Diana, the goddess of the pagans, and a countless multitude of women, cross in the deadly silence of the night great spaces of the earth, obey her orders considering her their mistress and submitting themselves to her service on certain nights.” 

Cannon Episcopi 

Diana is also the only pagan goddess to appear in the New Testament of the Bible. In Acts 19:27 a craftsman who is talking to Paul says, 

"Not only is there danger that our profession will fall into disrepute, but also that the very temple of the great goddess, Diana, will be esteemed as nothing, and the majesty of her whom all Asia and the world worship will even be destroyed."

As I said, to historians Diana seemed to be the perfect candidate to be the leader of that "wild hunt". She was in fact a Roman goddess related to night, wilderness, women, and even witchcraft. Jacob Grimm (yes, from the brothers Grimms, who after publishing his fairy tale books dedicated himself to studying Germanic legends and myths, but this is for another post) shows medieval documents where mentions of the goddess actually appear: the biography of a bishop from southern France who lived in the 6th century says 

"a demon whom the simple people call Diana." 

A bishop from northwestern Germany, also from the 6th century says that he destroyed a statue of Diana that people there worshiped. In other words, it seems that we really have evidence that there was a worship of this goddess at least up to a period in the Middle Ages. But maybe it only seems so. The historian Ronald Hutton states that it is extremely unlikely that people in those regions called any goddess Diana, that they used that name. And according to the archaeological evidence we have, no statue or evidence of worship of Diana has been found north of the Alps. Hutton also analyzes several lawsuits from that time in the southern Alps -- that is, in Italy, the center of the Roman Empire in antiquity and the origin of Diana -- and in these lawsuits there are several condemnations of folk beliefs yes, but none of them mention women who wandered at night following Diana. The historian Carlo Ginzburg himself, who has devoted much of his career to the search for the mythological origin of the witches' sabbath, states that there is no myth of Diana that says that she rode at night collecting human souls.

And we are still talking about the early Middle Ages, until the 7th or 8th century. And if at this point we no longer find evidence of a cult to Diana, in the Modern Age (which is there from the 15th century on), it is much less likely that there was any remnant of an organized cult to Diana or to any other Greek or Roman deity. Even if the Romans took their gods all over Europe as I said, during the Middle Ages only the more literate classes, who could read Latin (which was the language spoken by the Romans) knew those rituals and even their names, so it was almost impossible for the general population to know them...

For Hutton, what probably happened was that those bishops and priests came across pagan beliefs and practices but from cultures they didn't know, and since they already knew the goddess Diana, they ended up putting her name in their reports and letters, as a unique symbol for all those people. Historian Charles Zika analyzes several images from modern times that represent the Wild Hunt and shows how in each of them, the leading figure varies between several classical entities, such as Diana, Venus, Bacchus, Saturn... What was probably happening was that these artists, surrounded by the spirit of the Renaissance, used these Roman deities as a metaphor in their works that, as time went by, were no longer representing a folk-pagan procession, but rather the witches' sabbath itself. That is why in these images, the characters no longer look like Greek or Roman goddesses, but have all the imagetic characteristics of a witch.

Just a Brief Example: 

Melancholy, or the Melancholic State, was one of the great themes of the Renaissance, not only in the medical field, but also in the arts. Several artists depicted this "state" with its characteristic symbols: the god Saturn, a sleeping dog, the art of carpentry, geometry and geometric figures.  

In "Melancholia I", by the Germanic artist Albrecht Dürer from 1514, we have the angel of Melancholia surrounded by geometric elements, the dog, tools and a magic square. Here, melancholy is producer of great inspiration for the artist 

Albrecht Dürer, Melancolia I. 1514, Metropolitan Museum of Art

The artist Lucas Cranach, on the other hand, decided to portray Melancholy as a negative temperament by putting in his series of Melancholy well-known elements of Germanic culture: the furious hunt and witchcraft.

Lucas Cranach o velho, Melencolia, 1528. National Gallery da Escócia, Edimburgo.

In 1528, the artist depicted a typical hunt, but here we have only witches (note the nudity, flowing hair, and one even rides backwards ) and demons carrying their banners, flying on animals typical of hunts and country life.

In 1532, the hunt gains a male member who seems to have been taken by the witches who accompany him. The hunt, something typically male, here is inverted - it is the witches who lead the scene and invert the gender roles, something typical of witchcraft. 

Lucas Cranach o velho, Melancholy, 1532. Musée d’Unterlinden, Colmar.

Also in 1532, the hunt has a man holding the horns of the goat (symbol of his lack of authority) and the spindle that the witch carries, besides representing witchcraft, makes reference to the myth of Onphale and Hercules, a scene that Cranach reproduced in 1530, and which represents the loss of authority from man to woman.  

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Melancholy, 1532. Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen

For Cranach, melancholy led to social disorder and destructive forces, just like witchcraft. And nothing better than to represent such forces by the Wild Hunt, which in the Renaissance was already 100% related to demonic forces. 

[dan6085]

### Martin Luther and the Reformation

#### Introduction

Martin Luther, a seminal figure in Western history, initiated a transformative movement known as the Reformation, which dramatically reshaped the religious, political, and cultural landscape of Europe in the 16th century. Born in 1483 in Eisleben, Germany, Luther's quest for religious clarity and reform led to the fragmentation of the Catholic Church and the emergence of Protestantism. This essay explores Luther’s life, his key contributions to the Reformation, and the enduring impact of his actions on the course of history.

#### Early Life and Religious Awakening

Luther was born into a modest family, and his father, Hans Luther, had high aspirations for him, encouraging a career in law. However, Luther's path took a significant turn when he experienced a life-altering thunderstorm in 1505, during which he vowed to become a monk if he survived. True to his word, Luther joined the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. His religious journey was marked by intense spiritual struggles, particularly regarding the nature of sin, salvation, and the efficacy of Church practices like indulgences.

#### The Ninety-Five Theses

Luther’s theological and moral concerns culminated in his famous Ninety-Five Theses, which he reportedly nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The theses challenged the Catholic Church’s practice of selling indulgences, which were believed to reduce the temporal punishment for sins. Luther argued that salvation could not be purchased but was a gift from God, granted through faith alone (sola fide). This bold act of defiance ignited widespread debate and laid the foundation for the Reformation.

#### Key Doctrinal Contributions

Luther’s theological positions were revolutionary. He emphasized the authority of the Scriptures (sola scriptura) over the traditions and teachings of the Church, arguing that every Christian had the right and ability to interpret the Bible. This democratization of religious knowledge threatened the Church’s hierarchical structure and empowered laypeople. Luther also rejected the sacramental system that he believed obscured the simplicity of the Gospel, maintaining only baptism and the Eucharist as valid sacraments.

#### Conflict with the Catholic Church

Luther’s ideas quickly spread, aided by the recent invention of the printing press, which allowed his writings to reach a broad audience. The Church’s response was swift and severe. In 1520, Pope Leo X issued the papal bull Exsurge Domine, condemning Luther’s teachings and threatening excommunication. Luther refused to recant, and in 1521, he was excommunicated and declared an outlaw by the Edict of Worms. Protected by sympathetic German princes, particularly Frederick the Wise of Saxony, Luther continued his reform efforts from the Wartburg Castle, where he translated the New Testament into German, making it accessible to ordinary people.

#### Social and Political Impact

The Reformation triggered significant social and political upheaval. It fractured the religious unity of Europe and led to the formation of various Protestant denominations, each with its distinct beliefs and practices. The ensuing conflicts, such as the Peasants’ War (1524-1525) and the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), had profound and often devastating consequences. However, the Reformation also encouraged the rise of individualism and the questioning of traditional authorities, laying the groundwork for the Enlightenment and modern democratic thought.

#### Educational and Cultural Contributions

Luther’s emphasis on education and literacy had lasting cultural impacts. He believed that everyone should be able to read the Bible, prompting the establishment of schools and the promotion of literacy. His translation of the Bible into German not only standardized the German language but also made religious texts accessible to a broader audience, fostering a culture of learning and intellectual engagement.

#### Legacy

Martin Luther’s legacy is multifaceted. He is revered as a courageous reformer who challenged the corruption and abuses of the Catholic Church, championing a return to the fundamentals of Christian faith. His actions set in motion a series of religious reforms that reshaped Christianity and influenced the course of Western history. However, his legacy is also complex; his later writings, particularly those concerning Jews, reflect a darker aspect of his thought that has been critically reassessed.

#### Conclusion

Martin Luther’s role in the Reformation was pivotal. His unwavering commitment to his beliefs and his willingness to challenge established authority sparked a movement that transformed the religious, political, and cultural fabric of Europe. The Reformation not only altered the course of Christianity but also paved the way for modern notions of individual conscience and the authority of the Scriptures. Luther’s life and work continue to be studied and debated, highlighting his enduring influence on the world.

[beardedmrbean]

May 24 holds significant cultural and historical importance for Bulgarians, marking the celebration of the Bulgarian Education and Culture, and Slavonic Literature Day, known as "Saints Cyril and Methodius Day." This day commemorates the brothers Cyril and Methodius, who are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, which later evolved into the Cyrillic script. The Cyrillic alphabet is used by many Slavic languages, including Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian, among others.

The legacy of Cyril and Methodius extends beyond their linguistic contributions. Born in Thessaloniki, in what is now Greece, the brothers were Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries who played a crucial role in spreading Christianity and literacy among the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe. They were invited to Great Moravia (modern-day Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary) by Prince Rastislav to translate religious texts into the Slavic vernacular, thereby enabling the Slavs to read and understand the Bible in their own language.

Cyril and Methodius's missionary work was met with resistance from German clergy, who advocated for the use of Latin in religious rites and literature. Despite this opposition, the brothers persevered in their efforts to promote Slavic literacy and culture. Their translation of the Bible and liturgical texts into Old Church Slavonic laid the foundation for the development of Slavic literature and the spread of Orthodox Christianity in Eastern Europe.

The celebration of May 24 as a national holiday in Bulgaria not only honors the legacy of Cyril and Methodius but also serves as a symbol of Bulgarian cultural identity and resilience. Throughout history, Bulgarians have faced numerous challenges, including foreign domination and cultural assimilation attempts. However, the preservation of the Cyrillic alphabet and the promotion of education and culture have been integral to maintaining Bulgaria's distinct national identity.

Today, May 24 is celebrated with various cultural events, including concerts, exhibitions, and literary readings, showcasing Bulgaria's rich cultural heritage and artistic achievements. It is also a time for reflection on the importance of education, language, and cultural diversity in fostering unity and understanding among nations.

Beyond Bulgaria, the legacy of Cyril and Methodius continues to resonate globally, highlighting the enduring significance of linguistic and cultural diversity in shaping human civilization. The Cyrillic script, which originated from their efforts, has become one of the world's most widely used writing systems, serving as a testament to their enduring legacy and influence. As such, May 24 serves as a reminder of the power of education, language, and culture to bridge divides and foster mutual respect and appreciation among peoples of different backgrounds and traditions.

[automatismoateo]

Modern Western Civilization was not built upon Judeo-Christian Values. It was conceived by Atheist Philosophers. via /r/atheism

Modern Western Civilization was not built upon Judeo-Christian Values. It was conceived by Atheist Philosophers. It's a common meme among neo-conservatives and "born-again Christians" to exalt their admiration for Western Civilization (that they do not actually understand), by insisting on a necessary "return to the sources" of Western Values : through espousing the Christian faith and belief system to resist its enemies, Islam and evil authoritarian China and Russia. But if you peruse into original Judeo-Christian faiths sacred texts and other writings, you do not find these "Modern Western Values", which are namely: Secularism, Tolerance, Freedom of Speech, Separation of Powers, Liberalism, Utilitarianism, Scientific Rationalism, Materialism, Direct Democracy for all, Constitutional Republicanism, Meritocracy, Gender Equality, etc. All of these values and ideals, like David Graeber explained brilliantly, never came from Judeo-Christian sources. In fact, they came from different influences coming from many different culture and civilizations : - Scientific Rationalism came from a Greek Pagan Philosopher: Aristotle, who was highly respected by Islamic Scholars (The Islamic Golden Age emerged mainly thanks to Aristotle work being translated into Arabic). - Constitutional Republicanism were also endorsed by Aristotle, based on the work of Solon. - Materialism came from Epicurus and Democritus whose work were hideously censored and destroyed by the Christian Church. - Separation of Powers are an old Hellenic and Roman Traditions. Judeo-Christians endorsed Absolute Monarchism for millennia (King David and Salomon, then Christ). - Tolerance, Gender Equality and Freedom of Speech were first inspired by the records of Native Tribal Federations (Lahontan), and then theorized by European Philosophers who were mostly Atheist (Kant, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu...) - Economic Liberalism is now seriously thought to be originated from Islamic Philosophers. The book of Adam Smith had entire plagiarized passages from Arabic treatise on economics. - Direct Democracy for all (not just Aristocrats), were first experienced on Pirate ships, who were anarchist, had multicultural, multiracial crews, as well as many innovative democratic institutions. That's why liberal noblemen were fascinated by pirates at the time, for their defiance of authority of divine right. - Meritocracy based on academic performance came from China: French and German intellectuals were fascinated by China at some point, because of the incredible durability and centralization of their Empire. Voltaire and Leibniz wrote long treatise on the superiority of institutions ruled by excellent students who were selected in national exams (a very old Chinese tradition). Louis XIV created the first modern European institutions based on merit by copying the Chinese system. Christianity itself can be described as an attempt at Hellenization of Judaism, when rich and educated Jews with Roman citizenship like Saint Paul tried to integrate Stoicism and Universalism into his countrymen's culture. It became "Judaism for all, and by force". Not a good combo. But Judeo-Christianity itself at its core ? It provided nothing. The Bible condone religious intolerance, segregation of man and women, hate crime and genocide against strangers, slavery, total obedience to authority without questioning, blind faith, incest, infanticide, slavery, honor killing, irrational circular thinking and of course, patriarchy and Absolute Monarchy. Pretty much what's left of Islam in the Midde-East, when they forgot about Aristotle. ​ Submitted January 13, 2024 at 05:51PM by IluvBsissa (From Reddit https://ift.tt/DMIPxj0)