#Electrochemical Materials

[market-insider]

Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Market: Emerging Trends and Future Outlook

The global lithium-ion battery cathode market size is expected to reach USD 89.35 billion by 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 19.9% from 2023 to 2030. Increasing adoption of portable electronics and electric vehicles which uses rechargeable batteries as power source is one of the major factors driving the market growth.

Gain deeper insights on the market and receive your free copy with TOC now @: Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Market Report

The battery technology is developing continuously to meet the power density and performance requirements of devices. The worldwide registration of electric vehicles is anticipated to increase significantly over the forecast period. Also, rising availability of charging outlets and financial incentives have emerged as crucial factors for the development of lithium-ion cathode market, bolstered by the lower running cost of EVs compared to conventional ICE-operated vehicles.

Technological advancements and increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries from emerging countries as a result of rising electricity demand are likely to support market expansion. Increased emphasis on green technology by international organizations and governmental bodies will fuel production of lithium-ion batteries, providing a growth opportunity for lithium-ion battery cathode industry players like Umicore SA, Suimoto Chemicals, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, Targray Technology international, Inc. NEI Corporation, POSCO Chemicals and etc.

[bitcoinversus]

Energy: Department of Energy Selects Argonne to Lead National Energy Storage Hub

The U.S. Department of Energy selects Argonne to lead a groundbreaking energy storage hub, advancing next-gen battery technology.

The U.S. Department of Energy has appointed Argonne National Laboratory to spearhead the Energy Storage Research Alliance (ESRA), a significant initiative aimed at advancing battery technology and energy storage innovation. This national energy storage hub will unite nearly 50 leading researchers from three national laboratories and 12 universities, including top institutions like Columbia…

[edsonjnovaes]

Bateria K-Na/S do tamanho de uma moeda que promete armazenamento contínuo de energia

Alguns pesquisadores da Columbia Engineering desenvolveram uma bateria utilizando materiais abundantes como potássio, sódio e enxofre, a nova tecnologia conhecida como bateria K-Na/S oferece uma solução de baixo custo e alta eficiência para o armazenamento de energia. Elza Bassani – Sociedade Militar. 21 set 2024 A bateria atinge quase sua capacidade máxima a 75°C, fornecendo 1.655 mAh por grama…

[jcmarchi]

A new way to detect radiation involving cheap ceramics

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/a-new-way-to-detect-radiation-involving-cheap-ceramics/

A new way to detect radiation involving cheap ceramics

The radiation detectors used today for applications like inspecting cargo ships for smuggled nuclear materials are expensive and cannot operate in harsh environments, among other disadvantages. Now, in work funded largely by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security with early support from the U.S. Department of Energy, MIT engineers have demonstrated a fundamentally new way to detect radiation that could allow much cheaper detectors and a plethora of new applications.

They are working with Radiation Monitoring Devices, a company in Watertown, Massachusetts, to transfer the research as quickly as possible into detector products.

In a 2022 paper in Nature Materials, many of the same engineers reported for the first time how ultraviolet light can significantly improve the performance of fuel cells and other devices based on the movement of charged atoms, rather than those atoms’ constituent electrons.

In the current work, published recently in Advanced Materials, the team shows that the same concept can be extended to a new application: the detection of gamma rays emitted by the radioactive decay of nuclear materials.

“Our approach involves materials and mechanisms very different than those in presently used detectors, with potentially enormous benefits in terms of reduced cost, ability to operate under harsh conditions, and simplified processing,” says Harry L. Tuller, the R.P. Simmons Professor of Ceramics and Electronic Materials in MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE).

Tuller leads the work with key collaborators Jennifer L. M. Rupp, a former associate professor of materials science and engineering at MIT who is now a professor of electrochemical materials at Technical University Munich in Germany, and Ju Li, the Battelle Energy Alliance Professor in Nuclear Engineering and a professor of materials science and engineering. All are also affiliated with MIT’s Materials Research Laboratory

“After learning the Nature Materials work, I realized the same underlying principle should work for gamma-ray detection — in fact, may work even better than [UV] light because gamma rays are more penetrating — and proposed some experiments to Harry and Jennifer,” says Li.

Says Rupp, “Employing shorter-range gamma rays enable [us] to extend the opto-ionic to a radio-ionic effect by modulating ionic carriers and defects at material interfaces by photogenerated electronic ones.”

Other authors of the Advanced Materials paper are first author Thomas Defferriere, a DMSE postdoc, and Ahmed Sami Helal, a postdoc in MIT’s Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering.

Modifying barriers

Charge can be carried through a material in different ways. We are most familiar with the charge that is carried by the electrons that help make up an atom. Common applications include solar cells. But there are many devices — like fuel cells and lithium batteries — that depend on the motion of the charged atoms, or ions, themselves rather than just their electrons.

The materials behind applications based on the movement of ions, known as solid electrolytes, are ceramics. Ceramics, in turn, are composed of tiny crystallite grains that are compacted and fired at high temperatures to form a dense structure. The problem is that ions traveling through the material are often stymied at the boundaries between the grains.

In their 2022 paper, the MIT team showed that ultraviolet (UV) light shone on a solid electrolyte essentially causes electronic perturbations at the grain boundaries that ultimately lower the barrier that ions encounter at those boundaries. The result: “We were able to enhance the flow of the ions by a factor of three,” says Tuller, making for a much more efficient system.

Vast potential

At the time, the team was excited about the potential of applying what they’d found to different systems. In the 2022 work, the team used UV light, which is quickly absorbed very near the surface of a material. As a result, that specific technique is only effective in thin films of materials. (Fortunately, many applications of solid electrolytes involve thin films.)

Light can be thought of as particles — photons — with different wavelengths and energies. These range from very low-energy radio waves to the very high-energy gamma rays emitted by the radioactive decay of nuclear materials. Visible light — and UV light — are of intermediate energies, and fit between the two extremes.

The MIT technique reported in 2022 worked with UV light. Would it work with other wavelengths of light, potentially opening up new applications? Yes, the team found. In the current paper they show that gamma rays also modify the grain boundaries resulting in a faster flow of ions that, in turn, can be easily detected. And because the high-energy gamma rays penetrate much more deeply than UV light, “this extends the work to inexpensive bulk ceramics in addition to thin films,” says Tuller. It also allows a new application: an alternative approach to detecting nuclear materials.

Today’s state-of-the-art radiation detectors depend on a completely different mechanism than the one identified in the MIT work. They rely on signals derived from electrons and their counterparts, holes, rather than ions. But these electronic charge carriers must move comparatively great distances to the electrodes that “capture” them to create a signal. And along the way, they can be easily lost as they, for example, hit imperfections in a material. That’s why today’s detectors are made with extremely pure single crystals of material that allow an unimpeded path. They can be made with only certain materials and are difficult to process, making them expensive and hard to scale into large devices.

Using imperfections

In contrast, the new technique works because of the imperfections — grains — in the material. “The difference is that we rely on ionic currents being modulated at grain boundaries versus the state-of-the-art that relies on collecting electronic carriers from long distances,” Defferriere says.

Says Rupp, “It is remarkable that the bulk ‘grains’ of the ceramic materials tested revealed high stabilities of the chemistry and structure towards gamma rays, and solely the grain boundary regions reacted in charge redistribution of majority and minority carriers and defects.”

Comments Li, “This radiation-ionic effect is distinct from the conventional mechanisms for radiation detection where electrons or photons are collected. Here, the ionic current is being collected.”

Igor Lubomirsky, a professor in the Department of Materials and Interfaces at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, who was not involved in the current work, says, “I found the approach followed by the MIT group in utilizing polycrystalline oxygen ion conductors very fruitful given the [materials’] promise for providing reliable operation under irradiation under the harsh conditions expected in nuclear reactors where such detectors often suffer from fatigue and aging. [They also] benefit from much-reduced fabrication costs.”

As a result, the MIT engineers are hopeful that their work could result in new, less expensive detectors. For example, they envision trucks loaded with cargo from container ships driving through a structure that has detectors on both sides as they leave a port. “Ideally, you’d have either an array of detectors or a very large detector, and that’s where [today’s detectors] really don’t scale very well,” Tuller says.

Another potential application involves accessing geothermal energy, or the extreme heat below our feet that is being explored as a carbon-free alternative to fossil fuels. Ceramic sensors at the ends of drill bits could detect pockets of heat — radiation — to drill toward. Ceramics can easily withstand extreme temperatures of more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit and the extreme pressures found deep below the Earth’s surface.

The team is excited about additional applications for their work. “This was a demonstration of principle with just one material,” says Tuller, “but there are thousands of other materials good at conducting ions.”

Concludes Defferriere: “It’s the start of a journey on the development of the technology, so there’s a lot to do and a lot to discover.”

This work is currently supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office. This support does not constitute an express or implied endorsement on the part of the government. It was also funded by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency.

[electronalytics]

Lithium Manganate Battery Market Report Includes Business Strategies and Huge Demand by 2032

Overview:

The lithium manganate battery market has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for rechargeable batteries in various industries such as automotive, electronics, and energy storage. Lithium manganate batteries, also known as lithium manganese oxide batteries or LiMn2O4 batteries, offer several advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and excellent thermal stability. These factors have propelled their adoption across numerous applications, leading to a flourishing market.

Characteristics:

High Energy Density: Lithium manganate batteries offer a high energy density, enabling them to store more energy in a compact size. This characteristic is crucial for applications where space and weight considerations are essential, such as portable electronics and electric vehicles.

Long Cycle Life: These batteries exhibit excellent cycle life, meaning they can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation. This longevity makes them suitable for applications requiring frequent charging and discharging, ensuring a longer lifespan.

Thermal Stability: Lithium manganate batteries possess excellent thermal stability, reducing the risk of thermal runaway and associated safety concerns. This characteristic is critical, especially in applications where battery overheating can have severe consequences, such as electric vehicles.

Fast Charging Capability: These batteries can be charged at a relatively faster rate compared to some other battery chemistries. The ability to charge quickly is desirable for applications where rapid replenishment of energy is required, enhancing convenience and usability.

Cost-Effectiveness: Lithium manganate batteries are relatively cost-effective compared to certain other battery types, such as lithium cobalt oxide. This affordability makes them an attractive choice for various applications, enabling wider adoption and market growth.

Key Factors:

Rising Demand for Electric Vehicles (EVs): The growing popularity of EVs has been a crucial driver for the lithium manganate battery market. These batteries are widely used in electric cars due to their high energy density and ability to provide a longer driving range.

Increasing Penetration of Portable Electronics: The proliferation of smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other portable electronic devices has boosted the demand for high-performance batteries. Lithium manganate batteries offer a favorable combination of energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness, making them a preferred choice for powering these devices.

Growing Focus on Renewable Energy Storage: As renewable energy sources like solar and wind power gain prominence, the need for efficient energy storage solutions becomes crucial. Lithium manganate batteries offer a viable option for storing excess energy generated from renewable sources, contributing to grid stability and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Advancements in Battery Technology: Continuous advancements in lithium manganate battery technology, such as improvements in electrode materials and manufacturing processes, have resulted in enhanced performance characteristics. These advancements include higher energy density, faster charging capabilities, and increased lifespan, driving market growth.

Demand:

Electric Vehicles: The increasing adoption of electric vehicles worldwide is a significant driver of the demand for lithium manganate batteries. As EV sales continue to surge, the demand for these batteries is expected to grow substantially.

Consumer Electronics: The growing market for smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearable devices has created a strong demand for lithium manganate batteries. The need for high-performance, long-lasting batteries in these devices drives the market growth.

Energy Storage Systems: With the rising focus on renewable energy and the need for efficient energy storage, lithium manganate batteries are in demand for grid-scale energy storage systems. These batteries help store excess energy generated

We recommend referring our Stringent datalytics firm, industry publications, and websites that specialize in providing market reports. These sources often offer comprehensive analysis, market trends, growth forecasts, competitive landscape, and other valuable insights into this market.

By visiting our website or contacting us directly, you can explore the availability of specific reports related to this market. These reports often require a purchase or subscription, but we provide comprehensive and in-depth information that can be valuable for businesses, investors, and individuals interested in this market.

“Remember to look for recent reports to ensure you have the most current and relevant information.”

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Market Segmentations:

Global Lithium Manganate Battery Market: By Company • Murata Electronics • Panasonic Battery(Panasonic) • Renata • Ultralife • Duracell(Berkshire Hathaway) • Seiko Instruments(Seiko) • K-Tech New Energy(Greenway battery) • Yiwu Ainengfa Technology • Zhejiang Welly New Energy Technology • Golden Motor Technology • Shandong Gelon Lib • Shenzhen Batterybuilding Industry • Hangzhou Liao Technology • E-Stars Int'l Tech • Hunan Huahui New Energy Global Lithium Manganate Battery Market: By Type • Non-rechargeable • Rechargeable Global Lithium Manganate Battery Market: By Application • Electronic Battery • Button Battery • Consumer Battery and Camera Battery Global Lithium Manganate Battery Market: Regional Analysis All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Lithium Manganate Battery market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.

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[circumlocutive]

Polyaniline is a conductive polymer of anilines and has a super cute nickname (PANI)

“aniline” is actually a fairly pretty name

[mindblowingscience]

Tri-layer may be better than bi-layer for manufacturing, improving the speed and capacity of electrochemical and electrocatalytic devices. Three layers of graphene, in a twisted stack, benefit from a similar high conductivity to "magic angle" bilayer graphene but with easier manufacturing—and faster electron transfer. The finding could improve nano electrochemical devices or electrocatalysts to advance energy storage or conversion. Graphene—a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice—holds unique properties, including high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and flexibility, that make this 2D material a strong candidate for increasing the speed and capacity of energy storage.

Continue Reading.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Stretchable transistors used in wearable devices enable in-sensor edge computing

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are neuromorphic transistors made of carbon-based materials that combine both electronic and ionic charge carriers. These transistors could be particularly effective solutions for amplifying and switching electronic signals in devices designed to be placed on the human skin, such as smart watches, trackers that monitor physiological signals and other wearable technologies. In contrast with conventional neuromorphic transistors, OECTs could operate reliably in wet or humid environments, which would be highly advantageous for both medical and wearable devices. Despite their potential, most existing OECTs are based on stiff materials, which can reduce the comfort of wearables and thus hinder their large-scale deployment.

Read more.

[ravings-of-a-mad-scientist]

Differences between Research and Applied Scientists

Applied Psychologist: I love talking to people!

Research Psychologist: I love stalking people!

Applied Biologist: I’m going to save lives!

Research Biologist: omg look at this cool bug i found!!1! im gonna name it Coolius buggius!!1!

Applied Geologist: I’m going to find important deposits and make money! Also, omg look at this cool rock i found!!1! 

Research Geologist: omg look at this cool rock i found!!1! im gonna name it coolrockite!!!

Applied Chemist: I’m going to go into industry so I have enough time and money to blow things up in my yard!

Research Chemist: omg look at this cool green electrochemical synthesis of a novel high-nitrogen energetic material i found!!1! im gonna name it dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate!!!

Research Political Scientist: don’t worry im totally fine with just writing about political science and basically only being able to make any money by teaching political science to people who will never use political science meanwhile corrupt 100 year old veteran jock business major influencers are in office don’t worry i didn’t want to be elected anyway im not gonna cry just give me a minute im fine

Applied Political Scientist: HOLY SHIT IT ACTUALLY HAPPENED!!1!

[scotianostra]

On January 2nd 1877 Alexander Bain, the inventor of the chemical telegraph, the first fax machine died at Kirkintilloch.

Bain was the inventor of the electric clock and facsimile transmission (fax machine). A clockmaker by trade, Bain grew interested in electricity and in 1841 he patented the first electric clock. Bain also devised a system which used electricity to keep several 'slave' clocks synchronised with the pendulum of a 'master' clock.

Bain was born in Watten, Caithness, Scotland. His father was a crofter. He had a twin sister, Margaret, and, in total, he had six sisters and six brothers. Bain did not excel in school and was apprenticed to a clockmaker in Wick. Having learned the art of clockmaking, he went to Edinburgh, and in 1837 to London, where he obtained work as a journeyman in Clerkenwell. Bain frequented the lectures at the Polytechnic Institution and the Adelaide Gallery and later constructed his own workshop in Hanover Street.

Bain worked on an experimental facsimile machine in 1843 to 1846. He used a clock to synchronise the movement of two pendulums for line-by-line scanning of a message. For transmission, Bain applied metal pins arranged on a cylinder made of insulating material. An electric probe that transmitted on-off pulses then scanned the pins. The message was reproduced at the receiving station on electrochemically sensitive paper impregnated with a chemical solution similar to that developed for his chemical telegraph. In his patent description dated 27 May 1843 for;

“improvements in producing and regulating electric currents and improvements in timepieces, and in electric printing, and signal telegraphs,” he claimed that “a copy of any other surface composed of conducting and non-conducting materials can be taken by these means”.

The transmitter and receiver were connected by five wires. In 1850 he applied for an improved version but was too late, as Frederick Bakewell had obtained a patent for his superior image telegraph two years earlier in 1848.

Bain was buried in the Auld Aisle Cemetery, Kirkintilloch. It was restored in 1959.

A Wetherspoons pub in Wick, close to where Alexander Bain served his apprenticeship, is now named after the inventor, it is also the most northerly Wetherspoons in the country. Also, as a tribute to his inventions, the main BT building in Glasgow is named Alexander Bain House. There is also a commemorative plaque to Bain at his former workshop on Hanover Street in Edinburgh.

[solarpunkbusiness]

Electrochemistry helps clean up electronic waste recycling, precious metal mining

A new method safely extracts valuable metals locked up in discarded electronics and low-grade ore using dramatically less energy and fewer chemical materials than current methods, report University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign researchers in the journal Nature Chemical Engineering. 

Gold and platinum group metals such as palladium, platinum and iridium are in high demand for use in electronics. However, sourcing these metals from mining and current electronics recycling techniques is not sustainable and comes with a high carbon footprint. Gold used in electronics accounts for 8% of the metal’s overall demand, and 90% of the gold used in electronics ends up in U.S. landfills yearly, the study reports. 

The study, led by chemical and biomolecular engineering professor Xiao Su, describes the first precious metal extraction and separation process fully powered by the inherent energy of electrochemical liquid-liquid extraction, or e-LLE. The method uses a reduction-oxidation reaction to selectively extract gold and platinum group metal ions from a liquid containing dissolved electronic waste. 

In the lab, the team dissolved catalytic converters, electronic waste such as old circuit boards, and simulated mining ores containing gold and platinum group metals using an organic solvent. The system then streams the dissolved electronics or ores over specialized electrodes in three consecutive extraction columns: one for oxidation, one for leaching and one for reduction. 

“The metals are then converted to solids using electroplating, and the leftover liquid can be treated to capture the remaining metals and recycle the organic solvent,” Su said. “The stream containing the organic extractant is then pumped back to the first extraction column, closing the loop, which greatly minimizes waste.”

An economic analysis of the new approach showed that the new method runs at a cost of two orders of magnitude lower than current industrial processes.

“The social value of this work is really its ability to produce green gold quickly in a single step, greatly improving transparency and trust in conflict free recycled precious metals,”

said postdoctoral researcher Stephen Cotty, the first author of the study. 

Su said one of the many advantages of this new method is that it can run continuously in a green fashion and is highly selective in terms of how it extracts precious metals. “We can pull gold and platinum group metals out of the stream, but we can also separate them from other metals like silver, nickel, copper and other less valuable metals to increase purity greatly – something other methods struggle with.”

The team said that they are working to perfect this method by improving the engineering design and the solvent selection.

[argumate]

raginrayguns said: photosynthesis reaches a certain max rate, typically in pretty low light, so it’s “efficient” in low light and “inefficient” in bright light (that is, working at the same rate, whichis a smaller fraction of incoming light)

raginrayguns said: but yeah it’s doing something completely different, it looks pretty bad if you compare it to a solar panel but it looks pretty good if you compare it to a solar panel hooked up to electrochemical carbon fixation (let’s say CO2 to ethylene, since we can use that to make polyethylene, like how plants can use glucose to make cellulose)

raginrayguns said: of course the real victory of plants is in the capital costs

it would be funny if we were having this discussion of the pros and cons of plants from an engineering perspective in the context of a society that hadn't invented agriculture yet, so we're getting gungho about covering millions of acres of land with bioengineered grasses that can provide us with edible grains and planting trees that can be harvested for building material against the obvious opposition that this would ruin the aesthetic and amenity of the wilderness

[whatudottu]

Presently going insane rn:

Anyway let me talk about the one question that I have been contemplating ever since I began rotating petrosapiens in my mind. How the fuck do babies?

If you caught the reblog before this post, you might have noticed that a post about fat in aliens brought me to think about petrosapien fat, which contradicts a lot of what I've already established for them being an exoskeletal species, let alone being a hard sell in the sci-fantasy of rock crystal people of canon. Turning to one of my two animal inspirations of petrosapiens - bugs and more specifically in this case insects - I found out that insects can't build up fat, not in the way mammals or reptiles can, BUT they store the most of it in a very significant stage;

Larvae!

Then it fucking hit me, I already made some early headcanons about child development in petrosapiens (though I can't remember if I posted them or had a post ready to send) where they were already in a metamorphosing stage, though the responsibility fell solely to the layer who would use crystallokinesis to feed an 'egg'. I didn't fully like the idea though mostly in retrospect, because it felt strange in the 'pulled out of my ass' kinda way, a method of child rearing that felt more obligated to use crystallokinesis as a primary source for feeding to sorta justify at the time the inherent power petrosapiens have towards crystallokinesis.

Instead, between then and now I fully connected the idea that crystallokinesis is less of a power and more of an extension of a petrosapien's nervous system, compression of quartz through the use of a more electrical based nerve network that happens to not distinguish between person crystals and the similar crystalline structures of Petropia. With this in mind and the new idea that petrosapiens have larvae, wouldn't it be so cool if the larvae had the typical Earth-like electrochemical nervous system of humans (or I suppose bugs here) that adapts to an electrical focused nervous system through the process of metamorphosis? Where the larvae creates it's petrosapien crystal skin by building a chrysalis and melting within it to create their new body?

Unlike my old headcanon where the layer had to remain with the egg and constantly feeding them with crystallokinesis, this larvae version can feed itself when provided and so long as the chrysalis is well protected, the moment metamorphosis stage takes place the parent(s) can have momentary reprieve from child rearing and better prepare themselves for the toddler/adolescent stage for their child. The little grub probably doesn't even eat crystals in the early stages of their larvaehood since eating crystals initially marks as the materials for chrysalis building before it becomes a nutritional food source. Instead the little grub might be feed plants and potentially animal products in order for it to inherit and develop the chemicals required to build a crystallovorous stomach and the acids used to break silica down into digestible nutrition.

That does mean that early child rearing is a little bit more functionally deadly towards the very crystalline parents, who have to legitimately watch so that their fingers aren't bitten off, but holding the little grub is easy when it's covered in silicone membrane. The larvae at this stage is a little bit more resistant to any crystallovorous plant secretions due to the polymers of it's membrane, as well as the higher diversity of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon in it's body it has in comparison to adults or adolescents who've undergone metamorphosis, their innards becoming a more uniform silicone and their skin being the crystalline silicon many crystallovorous stomachs have adapted to eat.

It also means that the shape of a grub is also considered to be cute to a petrosapien. Things from caterpillars to maggots look so much more charming to a petrosapien's eyes that back on Petropia there would be a large proportion of pet owners having what would considered on Earth to have bugs for pets. In fact, a rather common form of pet Petrosapiens might have would be a large millipede/centipede like animal that would be the size approximate of a feather boa and often held that way too, because while they do not undergo metamorphosis, they look like a larval grub well into adulthood and are considered to be very cute for it. Pet owners with these pets who are also parents love to see their little larvae and their 'dog' getting along and would love telling their adolescent all the cute stories of the little grubs curled up against each other. Petrosapiens in the age of the Surface Craze might have had the opportunity to get a few baby pictures like that, and it would be considered very cute unless you were a human afraid of bugs or not personally a fan.

Petrosapiens on Earth might see the miniature bugs and explode with cuteness overload, others might fuck around and find out that they can make human-petrosapien hybrids Makarat you chupacabra you're lucky petrosapien kids aren't born with crystals pay child support to your human wife who birthed a grub-!

And that's the post send tweet-

[jcmarchi]

We use chemicals for more or less ‘everything’. Now we have to find smarter ways of making them - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/we-use-chemicals-for-more-or-less-everything-now-we-have-to-find-smarter-ways-of-making-them-technology-org/

We use chemicals for more or less ‘everything’. Now we have to find smarter ways of making them - Technology Org

Did you know the chemical industry supplies products to virtually all other value chains, including the food, construction, health and transport sectors? All these industries now have to renew themselves as part of the green transition, and SINTEF is working to help them.

Researcher and blog author Theresa Rücker, pictured here in her lab at SINTEF, where she is helping to develop innovative and eco-friendly methods of chemical manufacture. Image credit: Torbjørn Pettersen

The demand for innovative and greener chemical manufacturing has been clear for some time and represents a key aspect of the green transition in Norway and Europe. The chemical industry must undergo radical change, but how will this change take place?

Today, the chemical industry supplies products to virtually all other value chains, including the food, construction, health, and transport sectors. As chemicals become more expensive, this affects consumer prices throughout society. Across Europe, increases in the price of oil, gas, and energy are impacting all chemical manufacturing processes because these are commonly very energy-demanding. 

Green chemical manufacture is just one area of investment in what the EU defines as its ‘twin transition’, which involves identifying new, non-fossil raw materials, promoting by-product utilisation, and accelerating the electrification of manufacturing processes.

At SINTEF Industry, where I work, we’re coordinating a project called ELOXYCHEM that is investigating alternatives to our conventional thermochemical manufacturing processes. ELOXYCHEM is an abbreviation for Electrochemical Oxidation of Cyclic and Biogenic Substrates for high-efficiency production of organic CHEMicals.

My team is investigating whether we can manufacture a variety of acids (carboxylic acids, in particular) using energy-saving processes. These acids are a key raw material in producing paints and varnishes, catalytic converters, fine chemicals, agricultural chemicals, scents, pigments and much more. What is special here is that we want to manufacture them using the waste products from other chemical manufacturing processes.

We will also look into poorly exploited by-products from biorefinery processes, so-called side streams, to manufacture chemicals of greater value. If we succeed, there will be multiple benefits including converting waste materials into a resource, energy savings, and a wealth generation boost with increased sustainability.

The ELOXYCHEM project will involve a study of three different manufacturing processes, where one line of investigation will conclude with a pilot facility as a precursor to chemical manufacture at industrial scale. SINTEF Industry will build the pilot facility in Trondheim and will later be transferred to one of the project partners, Evonik Operations in Germany. Here, both the equipment and the process will be tested for two years with a view to commercialisation and major upscaling.

The second strand of the project will involve the development of an eco-friendly process designed to produce approximately the same interim products from other industrial residual products.

Innovative technologies of the type that we are aiming to develop as part of the ELOXYCHEM project have the potential to produce not only familiar, but also new and exciting, building blocks for the chemical industry in much more sustainable ways by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and chemical waste.

Finally, the project will develop a so-called ‘digital twin’ of the manufacturing facility. This will be used to plan production using available energy sources in the smartest possible way. Since production will be powered by renewable energy sources alone, planning must take into account the intermittent nature of electricity supplies from wind and solar power, which may impact on the process.  

Source: Sintef

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Novel strategy proposed for massive water production on moon

Water plays a crucial role in human survival on the lunar surface, thus attracting extensive research attention. Prof. WANG Junqiang’s team at the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has recently developed a new method of massive water production through reaction between lunar regolith and endogenous hydrogen.

 Research results of previous lunar explorations, like the Apollo and Chang’E-5 missions, have revealed the widespread presence of water on the Moon. However, the water content in lunar minerals is extremely low, ranging from 0.0001% to 0.02%. It remains challenging to extract and utilize water in situ on the Moon.

“We used lunar regolith samples brought back by the Chang’E-5 mission in our study, trying to find a way to produce water on the Moon,” said WANG.

The study revealed that when the lunar regolith is heated above 1,200 K with concave mirrors, one gram of molten lunar regolith can generate 51–76 mg of water. In other words, one ton of lunar regolith could produce more than 50 kg of water, which is equal to about a hundred 500-ml bottles of drinking water. This would be enough drinking water for 50 people for one day.

In addition, lunar ilmenite (FeTiO3) was found to contain the highest amount of solar wind-implanted hydrogen among the five primary minerals in the lunar regolith, owing to its unique lattice structure with sub-nanometer tunnels.

In-situ heating experiments indicated that hydrogen in lunar minerals is a substantial resource for producing water on the Moon. Such water could be used both for drinking and irrigating plants. In addition it could be electrochemically decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, with hydrogen being used for energy and oxygen being essential for breathing.

These discoveries provide pioneering insights into water exploration on the Moon and shed light on the future construction of lunar research stations.

Results of the study were published in The Innovation.

IMAGE: The strategy for in situ water production on the Moon through the reaction between lunar regolith and endogenous hydrogen. Credit Image by NIMTE