#the Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics Columbia Engineering

[edsonjnovaes]

Bateria K-Na/S do tamanho de uma moeda que promete armazenamento contínuo de energia

Alguns pesquisadores da Columbia Engineering desenvolveram uma bateria utilizando materiais abundantes como potássio, sódio e enxofre, a nova tecnologia conhecida como bateria K-Na/S oferece uma solução de baixo custo e alta eficiência para o armazenamento de energia. Elza Bassani – Sociedade Militar. 21 set 2024 A bateria atinge quase sua capacidade máxima a 75°C, fornecendo 1.655 mAh por grama…

[jhavelikes]

Pierre Gentine is a Professor in the department of Earth and Environmental Engineering and in the department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. He is director of the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center "Learning the Earth with Artificial intelligence and Physics" and a director of the Graduate Program in Earth and Environmental Engineering. Dr. Gentine and his group investigate the multiscale nature of the continental hydrologic and carbon cycle, with observations (remote sensing and in situ), models and machine learning. Education and Research Positions Dr. Gentine received his undergraduate degree from SupAéro, in France. He earned his PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering at MIT in 2010. He joined the faculty at Columbia in 2010 as an instructor in applied mathematics and then as a tenure track assistant professor in Earth and Environmental Engineering in 2011.

Pierre Gentine | Columbia | Gentine Lab

[myfeeds]

Montreal protocol is delaying first ice-free Arctic summer

New study shows that the treaty’s impact goes as far as the Arctic A new study led by climate researchers at Columbia Engineering and the University of Exeter demonstrates that the treaty’s impact reaches all the way into the Arctic: its implementation is delaying the occurrence of the first ice-free Arctic by as much as 15 years, depending on the details of future emissions. The study was published today by PNAS. “The first ice-free Arctic summer-with the Arctic Ocean practically free of sea ice-will be a major milestone in the process of climate change, and our findings were a surprise to us,” said the study’s co-author Lorenzo Polvani, Maurice Ewing and J. Lamar Worzel Professor of Geophysics in the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and professor of earth and environmental sciences. “Our results show that the climate benefits from the Montreal Protocol are not in some faraway future: the Protocol is delaying the melting of Arctic sea ice at this very moment. That’s what a successful climate treaty does: it yields measurable results within a few decades of its implementation.” Impact of ODSs Polvani noted that the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice is the largest and clearest signal of anthropogenic climate change. Current projections indicate that the first ice-free Arctic summer will likely occur by 2050, owing largely to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. However, other powerful greenhouse gases have also contributed to Arctic sea ice loss, notably ODSs. When ODSs became strictly regulated by the Montreal Protocol In the late 1980s, their atmospheric concentrations began to decline in the mid-1990s. Polvani and his co-author Mark England, Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Senior Research Fellow at the University of Exeter and a former PhD student with Polvani, were particularly interested in exploring the impact of ODSs because their molecules, while a lot less common in the atmosphere, are tens of thousands of times more powerful at warming the planet than carbon dioxide. Analysis of new climate model simulations The researchers analyzed new climate model simulations and found that the Montreal Protocol is delaying the first appearance of an ice-free Arctic summer by up to 15 years, depending on future CO2 emissions. They compared the estimated warming from ODS with and without the Montreal Protocol under two scenarios of future CO2 emissions from 1985-2050. Their results show that if the Montreal Protocol had not been enacted, the estimated global mean surface temperature would be around 0.5 °C warmer and the Arctic polar cap would be almost 1 °C warmer in 2050. “This important climate mitigation stems entirely from the reduced greenhouse gas warming from the regulated ODSs, with the avoided stratospheric ozone losses playing no role,” said England. “While ODSs aren’t as abundant as other greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, they can have a real impact on global warming. ODSs have particularly powerful effects in the Arctic, and they were an important driver of Arctic climate change in the second half of the 20th Century. While stopping these effects was not the primary goal of the Montreal Protocol, it has been a fantastic by-product.” Continued monitoring is critical Since the mid-1990s, the Montreal Protocol has successfully reduced atmospheric concentrations of ODSs and there are signs that the ozone layer has started to heal. But recent research has suggested a slight rise in ODS concentrations from 2010-20, and England and Polvani stress the importance of staying vigilant.

[katytheinspiredworkaholic]

Correspondence, Chapter 01

Pairing: HotchReid

Summary:  An AU where Reid never joined the FBI, but got roped into consulting for the LA field office while working and teaching at Caltech. Hotch gets his email referred from a fellow agent, and they start to work on cases together -- until they start talking on a regular basis. Regular becomes frequent, frequent becomes constant. They know nothing about each other, but they don't really mind.

Rating: Mature/Explicit (eventually)

Chapter CW/notes: some profanity, a side character who is a dick about Reid, set in season 06, self beta’d

Word Count: 2437

Masterpost Link

Ao3 Link

--

Chapter 01

--

March 2010

--

Dr. Spencer Reid

(Current Tenure: California Institute of Technology): Fred Kavli Professor of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics; Director, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department Head of Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy at Caltech.

- (Degrees, in order) Ph.D. Mathematics, Caltech, 1995; Ph.D. Chemistry, Caltech, 1997; M.A. Nuclear Science, MIT, 1999; Ph.D. Engineering, MIT, 2000; M.A. Sociology, Columbia University, 2001; M.A. Philosophy, Georgetown, 2001; Ph.D. Psychology, Georgetown, 2002; M.A. Applied Analytics, Columbia University, 2003; M.A. Socio Economic Statistics, MIT, 2004; M.A. Geology, Caltech, 2006; Ph.D. Geography, Caltech, 2006; M.A. Economics, Caltech, 2008; M.A. Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Caltech, 2009

- (Teaching positions, in order) Professor of Mathematics, Caltech, 1995-1997, Professor of Mathematics and Statistical Analysis, MIT, 1998-2005, Visiting Associate, Georgetown, 1999-2002; Professor of Chemical Engineering, MIT, 2002-05; Kavli Professor, Mathematics, Caltech, 2005-; Professor of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, 2006-; Deputy Chair, 2005-; Director, 2008-.

“Jesus.”

The dossier is just an information sheet; no photo ID, no news articles beyond text component pieces, but it is a thick stack of correspondence and case consultations that S.S.A Aaron Hotchner holds in his hands.

“Five Ph.D.’s and eight separate M.A.’s in fourteen years? What was he doing before that?”

“Who knows? You don’t earn a Ph.D. overnight, even if his accommodation sheet makes ‘em look like they pop up like mushrooms,” Mark Anderson says, audibly tired through the phone speaker on his desk. He was one of the Unit Chief's from the teams at the FBI L.A. field office, who’s phone number was given to him by an old friend, Sam Cooper -- another BAU team leader. Hotch had hit dead end after dead end on this case, and sitting at his desk in Quantico, Virginia, he looks down at the recommended consultant’s extensive list of degrees and teaching positions with a building headache behind his dark eyes. He wasn’t a fan of Anderson, or his briskness, but at this point he’d take anything he could get. “I’m pretty sure that man has never lived outside an academic field. He’s a handful, runs my agents up the damn wall, but he knows his stuff.”

“I hope so. I’ve been on the phone the past three days trying to find someone with a background in Obscure Cognitive Linguistics,” Hotch reads from a separate file, filled with violent images and depraved acts described in morbid detail. “Our unsub sites a very particular thesis about a Study of Language from a Cognitive and Developmental Law, and I keep getting sent to experts in adjacent fields. I don’t see anything in this Dr. Reid’s background about language.”

“Oh, trust me, Hotch -- you’ll get more than you bargained for. This is your guy. He’s basically an expert on everything, and if he doesn’t know anything about languages I’ll eat my tie. He never shuts up.”

Frowning at the speaker phone, Hotch keeps his comments to himself. He’s sure that Anderson probably doesn’t appreciate having an old professor puttering around the field office, but that didn’t mean he had to insult the man. Especially when he was there as a consultant. 

“Okay, fine. Thank you. I’ll give him a call now-”

“Oh, you don’t want to do that. Just send him an email. Trust me.” Anderson all but groans like a petulant child. Graining on Hotch’s nerves excruciatingly.

“I’m sure he’s busy enough with his students, he doesn’t need to be fielding emails from the FBI,” Hotch hedged, still frowning. 

“Not too busy to write you a dissertation in reply, I’m sure, but you’ll at least get the answers you need. You could be on the phone with him a half hour before you get to what you called about. Hopefully it won’t take you too long to sift through.” 

Alright, now he is done listening to the other agent.

“Right. Thanks, Mark.”

“Anyti-” Hotch hangs up on him before the man could make any other remarks. His patience is non-existent after the past week and this extremely brutal case that only seems to compound exponentially in it’s viciousness with each passing day. If Anderson felt like being an asshole to some old man with nothing better to do than rack up Ph.D.’s, he could do it on his own time. Hotch needed help, and this man seemed to be the only person around who might be able to finally do so.

Dr. Reid’s office number is in front of him, as well as about three different lab location phone numbers, and one email address connected to the school faculty. He considers for a moment just ignoring Anderson’s advice and calling the old professor, but he has a meeting with his Department Chief, Strauss, in twenty minutes and the team would be arriving from canvasing the dumpsites soon. 

So with a suffering sigh, Hotch pulls up a new email (for what feels like the millionth time for this case) and composes a standard correspondence introduction. Who he is, credentials, case numbers and specifics as far as clearance rates for civilians go, and then finally the questions he needs answered. There is something about this particular thesis that has to be very tongue in cheek to the unsub, saying something that isn’t really there, and this could just be another dead end -- but if it led to them saving a victim from becoming another dead body, he is willing to give it one last try. 

Thank you for your time,  S.S.A. Aaron Hotchner Unit Chief, Behavioral Analysis Unit, FBI Quantico, VA. 

Then he hits send, and leaves the response up to the universe.

-

The team came up with nothing fruitful. Strauss proceeded to ream Hotch six ways from Sunday for wasting valuable bureau resources and coming up with zero results. His day was spinning down the drain in a hellish cyclone when he sits down behind his desk in his office an hour after leaving it. Case files still piled to one side, grotesque photos stacked within them, and Aaron Hotchner wants nothing more than for them to disappear. For the case to be solved and to be able to go home to his son and his quiet house. But there was no break in sight, no new information, nothing.

Except a new email in his inbox.

Agent Hotchner, 

I know that thesis paper well. I can help you.

All air seems to have been sucked from the room as Hotch reads the words a couple of times, not quite comprehending after the morning he has had that someone wasn’t giving him more bad news. That this Dr. Reid said he could help him. 

 A single click of the email opens up the correspondence reply, and the agent is met with a giant wall of text. Scrolling down for pages, and a quick skim of the material shows such a complex, comprehensive amount of information that there is no way it’s just copy and pasted from any one source. Or even several. It’s a long email spanning a vast number of pages, covering every topic he had asked about (and then some).

The thesis paper, the tongue-in-cheek citation from the unsub, how this killer is acting like he’s being clever when it’s really ‘very obvious what he’s doing, as long as you know the paper’ and detailed links and quotations and references to locations and side tangents on items mentioned that could be evidence to look for or weapons of choice, and so much else Hotch’s head feels like it’s spinning. Like reading the cliffnotes of a complex spy novel, with all the spoilers in one place. 

It takes him half an hour to read through everything Dr. Reid sent, meaning the professor had to have been typing a million words a minute from the moment Hotch had emailed him to get everything replied so quickly, and Hotch was baffled to realize that an old man with a handful of Ph.D.’s and no FBI training just solved his case.

Not a figment of speech.

Dr. Reid just solved the case, without even holding the file in his hands.

Hotch is dialing a phone number on his speed dial without even looking away from the screen. 

“Garcia? Call the team into the briefing room, and phone SWAT to mobilize. We’re going down to the riverfront in thirty minutes.”

“--Wait, what are you talking about? Did you figure out the unsub’s code?”

Not me, Aaron thought to himself, standing up and printing Dr. Reid’s email after forwarding it to the entire team and their tech analyst, Penelope Garcia. He didn’t have time to explain it that many times, and the amount of information in that single email would be enough to send any of them tumbling heels over head. But it solved every aspect of their case. Hook, line, and sinker.

And the clock was ticking. 

“Now, Garcia.”

He rushes from the room with the stack of files in his hands and his laptop open to Dr. Reid’s email. Not even thinking to thank the man for his help as he heads across the bullpen with profound determination.

They have work to do.

-

They catch the unsub that very day. 

Quick, efficient, completely by surprise. They saved Amanda Sutton and another girl they hadn’t even known was missing. No one died. None of his team was hurt. The unsub hadn’t confessed, but Rossi and Morgan had played him like a fiddle in interrogation and now all of his team members were walking to the elevators leaving for a long weekend where they wouldn’t have to worry about serial killers or another dead soul on their conscience. Today was a win. As close to a win as they ever can get, in their line of work. 

And it isn’t until he’s back at his desk, the hours ticking into the night, that he opens up his email and there in his inbox is the very reply that started everything. Dr. Spencer Reid. CalTech Department Head. Professor of everything under the sun. Expert on anything, even the obscure. 

The reason Hotch will get to spend the weekend with his son, without the overbearing aftershocks of a case gone so horribly bad plaguing him. 

His hands are moving before he can stop them. Opening up the email, typing out a response to Dr. Reid thanking him for his help. Relaying what happened, detail by detail much in the same fashion he had completed the paperwork piled on his desk. Letting him know that his information really did end up helping them. All of it. Even the side tangents. 

I don’t know how I can ever thank you for the extensive consideration you gave this case, or how to explain how it solved it so seamlessly, but your time and effort does not go unnoticed by me. 

Okay, so maybe he fluffs it up a bit more than the dreadful bullet-point list descriptions required by the Deputy Chief and the Director and SWAT Team justification reports. Just so it doesn’t look so inadequate in comparison to the man’s thesis-paper-length email he sent to aide Hotch and his team. The passion he has for his work leaps off the page, but it was a lot -- and if the old man put that much dedication into a basic FBI correspondence email, then he was probably used to it being a thankless effort. 

Hotch sends the reply, and continues with his work. He always takes a bulk of the paperwork, so his team can go home and rest and recharge. He needs them at their best for each case, and if that means he spends a couple hours longer after when they finish a case, it is worth every minute. But this time, once he finishes, he gets to take the coveted time off as well. 

It’s as he’s finishing up, everything stacked neatly and ready to be dropped at records, in the mailroom, Strauss’s office, the director’s, and he’s about to log off his laptop that he sees a surprise -- Dr. Reid replied to him, again.

It’s much more brief this time.

Agent Hotchner,

I’m so glad I was able to help you. 

You are one of the only agents to reach out and tell me how the case went after my consultation, and I’m very grateful to know that my information actually helped your team catch the killer. I know I tend to spout facts at random, but I do have methods to my madness and it’s such a nice change to correspond with someone who understands that. 

My services are always at your disposal. Anytime. Whatever I can do to help.

Sincerely, Dr. Spencer Reid

Hotch types out a brief reply. Thanking him for his offer, for lending him his expertise, and letting him know in not so many words --

I’ll have to take you up on that. 

He’d be a fool not to. Someone with that much knowledge and the ability to connect it all in the way Dr. Reid had in the span of an hour? He could be a real asset to the BAU, as a permanent consultant, even through email correspondence. 

He sends the reply just as he stands to leave. Turning off his office light, and his chest feels lighter for the interaction. For giving the professor that sense of assurance that what he had to say did in fact do some real good. Hotch even finds himself smiling softly, sadly, that he has also found a little bit of solace in helping another lonely old man across the country find a sense of purpose that night. Who was working late, as well, despite it being the end of the week. Speaking to not much waiting for him back at home, in whatever shape ‘home’ takes for the man. But Hotch can relate to that, too. Jack is at Jessica’s until the morning, and there is nothing at his apartment to greet him but silence and bare walls and memories he’d rather not dote on. Maybe this Dr. Spencer Reid is in a similar boat, finding comfort in his work when he can. He certainly seems to, with the amount of time he’s poured into his doctorates and degrees. In the number of departments he runs and monitors. 

Hotch can’t help but feel a connection, a companionship between empty offices. Thousands of miles apart, but maybe -- possibly -- at least similar in that aspect.

Not so alone, even if only for a brief moment.

-

(tbc...)

-

Tagged list: @spencehotchner @ssa-sarahsunshine @gothamapologist @reidology @marsjareau @dragon-snaps-fandom​ @emmyraebird @just-an-emo-rat​​​ @aaron-hotchner187 @dk18077 @more-heid-pls

[illusiione]

June 7th, 1980

Quentin Zachary Beck is born to Henrietta and Elmore Beck at Mount Sinai Hospital at 2:35 PM.

October 18th, 1982

At approximately 11:15 PM, Henrietta Beck leaves her home for a nearby convenience store to buy medicine for her two year old son who has recently fallen ill. On the walk home, she is struck and killed by a drunk driver and is pronounced dead at the scene.

Fall 1985 - Spring 1998

Quentin attends private and rather costly elementary schools, until he is admitted to the academically prestigious Hunter College High School in the fall of 1992.

He graduates grade school in the spring of 1998.

Fall 1998 - Spring 2002

Quentin is admitted to Columbia University in the fall of 1998.

He graduates summa cum laude in the spring of 2002, with a double major degree in Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics.

Fall 2002 - Spring 2007

Quentin attends the California Institute of Technology. He’s admitted for the Graduate Electrical Engineering Program, but applies for their PhD track at the first opportunity and is quickly accepted. His hard work and fierce dedication allow him to graduate in under five years.

Summer 2007 - 2015

With a sizable resume of academic credentials, Quentin enters the workforce. He changes jobs numerous times over the course of eight years, unable to find the resources for his ideas to become reality. It’s during this time that he begins privately developing the base concept of his illusion technology.

May 2015

Following the Ultron Offensive, the Avengers Tower in Manhattan is once again re-branded as Stark Tower -- and the space is reverted to being a base of operations for Stark Industries. Quentin is hired into the Research & Development department in May of 2015.

After pitching his concept and receiving funding, he officially begins the sponsored development of his long-theorized illusion tech.

May 2016

Tony Stark presents the illusion tech -- now dubbed Binarily Augmented Retro-Framing or B.A.R.F. -- at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Feeling snubbed by the lack of recognition and Tony’s cavalier attitude towards his life’s work, Quentin begins voicing his displeasure for both the company and Stark himself.

June 2016

Quentin is fired from Stark Industries shortly before the Avengers devolve into a civil war, based on his negative and threatening behavior in the workplace. It takes one filed restraining order and a few thousand dollars’ worth of damaged lab equipment for him to officially be shown the door.

September 2016 - Spring 2018

After spending the summer months quietly wallowing and raging, Quentin gets in touch with others who have an ax to grind against Tony Stark. Once the skeleton of a team has been assembled, they begin to plan. It takes nearly a year to build their combined technology up to a viable point, using newly assembled pieces and stolen assets alike. 

It isn’t until late 2017 that the idea of developing a false superhero begins to coagulate. 

In the spring of 2018, Thanos snaps his fingers. Quentin is reduced to ash along with half of all life on Earth.

Spring 2018 - October 2023

Without clear leadership and with their ranks severely depleted, Quentin’s team struggles to progress. Those who remain keep in touch, and continue to tweak and develop their parts of the master plan. Like most of the world, they don’t know what else to do.

October 2023

The Blip ends, thus restoring the lives that were lost to the Infinity Gauntlet.

Tony Stark dies.

Quentin Beck lives.

October 2023 - June 2024

The team picks up where they left off with a more definitive plan to assume the role of a global defender left in the wake of Iron Man’s demise. The character who will later be known as Mysterio is created.

Janice Lincoln ascertains that Tony’s E.D.I.T.H technology is to be given to Peter Parker. Further digging turns up Peter’s alternate identity as Spider-Man. Quentin decides that partnering with S.H.I.E.L.D. will be the best way to get to Peter and E.D.I.T.H., and decides that the projected threats need to attract quite a bit of attention synced with the timeline of Peter’s upcoming school trip to Europe.

The first battle against an Elemental -- the Earth Elemental -- is staged on June 7th, 2024 in Ixtenco, Mexico. 

The Air Elemental appears in Morocco a week later. Quentin meets and begins to work with S.H.I.E.L.D -- primarily with Nick Fury and Maria Hill.

July 2024 

The Water Elemental appears in Venice, Italy. Peter is contacted by Fury to meet with Quentin.

The Fire Elemental attacks in Prague. Following the battle, Quentin obtains E.D.I.T.H. 

Michelle Jones and Peter discover the truth behind the illusion tech.

Quentin sets a trap for Peter in Berlin, which culminates in Quentin walking Peter into the path of an oncoming train. 

In an attempt to eliminate those who know the truth of his plans, a conglomerate Elemental attack is staged in London. Peter confronts Quentin on the Observation Deck of the Tower Bridge. Quentin is apparently wounded in the crossfire of his own drones, allowing Peter to re-take control of E.D.I.T.H. as Quentin appears to die.

Quentin’s team provides doctored footage to J. Jonah Jameson of The Daily Bugle that shows Peter ordering the drones to attack London while Quentin reveals Spider-Man’s real identity with his dying breath.

[bpod-bpod]

Space Explorers

As part of their protective role in the immune system, T cells bind to foreign molecules in the body, known as antigens – a process now harnessed in immunotherapies to treat diseases like cancers. Exploring how receptors on the surface of T cells connect with antigens, researchers recently demonstrated that this process is highly sensitive to the spacing of antigens, and their closeness to the T cell. They designed an array of antigens (pictured, in red), whose positions could be manipulated with nanoscale precision; in this image, a T cell has contacted several antigens, generating a reaction shown in green. Antigens that were tightly packed and in closer contact with the T cell were more effective in triggering a response, as these arrangements force the protein CD45, which otherwise hinders binding, away from the receptors. Providing exceptionally-detailed insights into molecular mechanisms, these results have important implications for designing effective T-cell-based immunotherapies.

Written by Emmanuelle Briolat

Image by Haogang Cai/Columbia Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Image copyright held by the original authors

Research published in Nature Nanotechnology, April 2018

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

[kathleenseiber]

COVID-19 news and trends

The numbers

Global COVID-19 deaths are set to pass the one million mark in coming days. The grim champion of most deaths per 100,000 population is tiny San Marino, a microstate in northern Italy. From a total population of about 34,000, it has recorded 723 cases and 42 deaths – that’s 124.32/100,000. At 98.06/100,000, Peru is the only other nation above 90.

Global

As at 16:47 CEST on Thursday 24 September, cases confirmed worldwide by national authorities stood at 31,425,029 (246,165 of them reported in the preceding 24 hours). 967,164 deaths have been recorded (4520). (Source: WHO Coronavirus Disease Dashboard)

Johns Hopkins University’s Centre of Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) reported (at 15:30 AEST on Thursday 24 September) 31,779,835 confirmed cases and 975,104 deaths.

Australia

The Department of Health reported on 23 September that national confirmed cases stood at 26,973, a rise of 22 in 24 hours. 859 deaths have been recorded. More than 7,393,500 tests have been conducted (0.4% positive).

State by state: ACT 113 total cases (first case reported 12 March); NSW 4212 (25 January); NT 33 (20 March); Qld 1153 (29 January); SA 467 (2 February); Tas 230 (2 March); Vic 20,100 (25 January); WA 665 (21 February).

Research

 First or second wave?

Mathematicians Max Menzies, from Tsinghua University, Beijing, and Nick James, a PhD candidate at the University of Sydney, have developed a model to determine whether US states are in a first or second surge of COVID-19. They’ve published their work in the journal Chaos.

The pair studied data from all 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 21 January to 31 July. They found that 31 states and DC were experiencing a second wave as of the end of July.

Their method smooths raw daily case count data to eliminate artificially low counts over weekends and even some negative numbers that occur when localities correct errors. After smoothing the data, a numerical technique finds peaks (P) and troughs (T), from which turning points can be identified.

A turning point occurs when a falling curve surges upward or a rising curve turns downward. Only those sequences where the P and T amplitudes differ by a certain minimum amount are counted. A second wave that’s less than one-fifth the size of the first doesn’t qualify as a “second wave” – it’s just too small.

Thirteen states – including California and Texas, the US’s most populous – had increasing case numbers throughout the entire seven-month period studied and are considered to be still in their first wave. Another 31 states showed sequences of the form TPTP – zero cases to a first peak, then another trough and peak. This is the signature of a second wave.

New York and New Jersey completely flattened their curves by the end of July. The analysis confirms these two states experienced just one wave.

“In some of the worst performing states, it seems that policymakers have looked for plateauing or slightly declining infection rates,” says James. “Instead, health officials should look for identifiable local maxima and minima, showing when surges reach their peak and when they are demonstrably over.”

“The real moral of this paper is that COVID-19 is highly infectious and very difficult to control,” says Menzies.

The authors have also applied their method to analyse infection rates in eight Australian states and territories. The Australian analysis hasn’t been peer-reviewed but it applies the peer-reviewed methodology. The analysis clearly identifies Victoria as an outlier, as expected.

“What the Victorian data shows is that cases are still coming down and the turning point – the local minimum – has not occurred yet,” says Menzies, and from a mathematical perspective at least, Victoria should “stay the course”.

Fine weather for COVID

With winter approaching in northern hemisphere coronavirus hotspots, an understanding of the effect of weather on the virus’s spread is timely.

A paper published in Physics of Fluids reveals results of a study into the effects of relative humidity, environmental temperature and wind speed on the respiratory cloud and virus viability.

Researchers found that a critical factor for the transmission of infectious particles in respiratory clouds of saliva droplets is evaporation.

“Suppose we have a better understanding of the evaporation and its relation to climate effects,” says author Dimitris Drikakis, of the University of Nicosia, Cyprus. “In that case, we can more accurately predict the virus concentration and better determine its viability or the potential for virus survival.”

Despite the importance of airborne droplet transmission, research regarding heat and mass transfer around and within respiratory droplets containing the virus has been scarce.

Weather impact on virus transmission. Effect of relative humidity (RH=10%, 50%, and 90%) on coronavirus respiratory droplet cloud at temperature 30 C and wind speed of 4 kph. Wind direction is from left to right. Credit: Talib Dbouk and Dimitris Drikakis

“We found high temperature and low relative humidity lead to high evaporation rates of saliva-contaminated droplets, thus significantly reducing the virus viability,” says co-author Talib Dbouk.

Additionally, the researchers observed the travel distance and concentration of the droplet cloud continued to be significant, even at high temperatures if the relative humidity is high. Wind speed is another crucial factor that might alter all the rules for the social distancing guidelines.

The findings help explain why the pandemic increased during July in crowded cities around the world, such as Delhi, which experienced both high temperatures and high relative humidity.

It also provides a crucial alert for the possibility of a second wave of the pandemic in the coming autumn and winter seasons, where low temperatures and high wind speeds will increase airborne virus survival and transmission.

The study adds to the growing body of research that reinforces the importance of social distancing and the use of face masks to prevent full virus spread.

The asymptomatic minority

There’s been plenty of talk about individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infections and no symptoms, and a new study published in the open-access journal PLOS Medicine addresses the question of what proportion of total infections these cases represent.

Diana Buitrago-Garcia from the University of Bern, Switzerland, and colleagues suggest that true asymptomatic cases of COVID comprise a minority of infections.

The full spectrum and severity of COVID-19 symptoms are not well understood. Some people experience severe infections resulting in viral pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome and death. Others remain completely asymptomatic or develop mild, nonspecific symptoms.

To better understand the proportion of people who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 and never develop any symptoms, as well as the proportion of people who are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis but develop symptoms later, researchers systematically reviewed literature using a database of SARS-CoV-2 evidence between March and June.

While the study was limited by its inability to ascertain the impact of false negatives, the researchers were able to estimate that 20% of COVID-19 infections remained asymptomatic during follow-up.

“The findings of this systematic review of publications early in the pandemic suggests that most SARS-CoV-2 infections are not asymptomatic throughout the course of infection,” wrote the authors.

“The contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic infections to overall SARS-CoV-2 transmission means that combination prevention measures, with enhanced hand and respiratory hygiene, testing and tracing, and isolation strategies and social distancing, will continue to be needed.”

Research bites

Credit: iStock

According to a new study from The George Institute for Global Health published in the Journal of Addiction Medicine, the COVID-19 pandemic has more than doubled the number of smokers wanting to quit but a different approach may be needed to help them succeed. Lead author Simone Pettigrew says it was good to see positive intentions, but the right support was needed to ensure successful follow-through. “Most smokers want to quit, and many have tried unsuccessfully in the past,” she says. “COVID represents an important opportunity to help them use proven support tools while their motivation to quit is high.”

Preliminary findings from the University of South Australia’s ongoing Annual Rhythms in Adults’ lifestyle and health (ARIA) study (which isn’t peer-reviewed) suggest that effect of lockdown on people’s lifestyle and wellbeing was not as bad as we might have expected. During the lockdown period of February to April, on average people slept longer, got up later, did less light physical activity, drank a bit more alcohol and ate a little less protein. The findings also noted no changes to weight, dietary energy intake, quality of life or symptoms of depression, anxiety or stress.

“Given the unprecedented nature of lockdown, we expected to see greater levels of anxiety and depression – and perhaps even increases in weight as people were at home and had greater access to their fridges – but no,” says researcher Rachel Curtis. “All in all, it’s reassuring to see just how resilient Australians were in terms of their health and wellbeing during lockdown.”

A new study on the health sciences preprint server medRxiv suggests that herd immunity played a role in the size of the COVID epidemic in the Brazilian city of Manaus. SARS-CoV-2 initially spread rapidly through the 1.8 million-population city, but since the peak in May new cases and deaths have rapidly fallen. The joint Brazil/UK research team says that’s because the virus is running out of hosts. “Although non-pharmaceutical interventions, plus a change in population behaviour, may have helped to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Manaus, the unusually high infection rate suggests that herd immunity played a significant role in determining the size of the epidemic,” the authors write.

Researchers claim that COVID-shutdown-related reductions in human-made noise has seen birds in parts of California adapt their songs to be higher quality. The study, published in Science, provides strong evidence that previously reported regional changes in birdsong, which lowered song quality and affected male birds’ ability to defend their territories, resulted from increased anthropogenic noise. The study focused on birdsong in urban and rural populations of white-crowned sparrows in the San Francisco Bay area, the subject of many years’ observation by researcher Elizabeth Derryberry and colleagues. The authors say that results reveal how quickly birds can adapt to changing environments and suggest that lasting remediation might lead to other promising outcomes, including higher species diversity.

In a Correspondence in Nature, geneticist Paul Nurse, astronomer Martin Rees, former UK prime minister Gordon Brown and colleagues write that with the Brexit transition period ending in just three months, it’s now impossible to develop separate UK equivalents to European Union and European Commission science and knowledge-exchange programs. “Anything less than continued UK association with these programs will be catastrophic for both British and European research,” write the authors, who claim such programs have a total value approaching €100 billion (AU$165 billion) over their lifetimes. The authors conclude: “As we weather the worst public-health crisis in living memory, now is the time for the United Kingdom to be leading and enhancing scientific collaborations with our European partners, not leaving them.”

COVID-19 news and trends published first on https://triviaqaweb.weebly.com/

[armeniaitn]

Beyond Motherhood: Powerful Armenian Women in Science

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/society/beyond-motherhood-powerful-armenian-women-in-science-52086-19-08-2020/

Beyond Motherhood: Powerful Armenian Women in Science

In this week’s empowerment series, we learn about three Armenian women who dedicated their lives to science in the 1900s. Paris Pishmish, Alenoush Terian and Anna Kazanjian Longobardo were scientists at a time when being a woman in the field did not come easily.

Nonetheless, they blazed trails and took on leadership roles in a field where few women existed. In their careers, at a time in which few women filled these roles, they not only held the titles as firsts, but their work impacted the work of future generations. 

Paris Pishmish de Recillas

Paris Pishmish de Recillas

As a Mexican Armenian woman, Paris Pishmish, known as one of the preeminent female astronomers not only worked hard in her own career, but she also carved out time to mentor other women who wanted to become astronomers as well.

Pishmish, born Mari Soukiassian in Constantinople on January 30, 1911, was the daughter of Soukias Soukiassian, the great-grandson of Mikayel Amira Pishmish who was a member of a powerful class of Armenian commercial and professional elites titled amiras. Filomen, her mother, was Mateos Izmirlian’s niece who was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1894 to 1908 and Catholicos of All Armenians until 1910.

Pishmish attended an Armenian elementary school and later became the first woman to graduate from Istanbul University with a degree in mathematics and classical astronomy in 1933. She then graduated from Harvard University with her Doctor of Science in mathematics in 1937; in 1939, she became an associate researcher at Harvard College Observatory. An expert herself, she drew great inspiration from the likes of astronomers such as Harlow Shapley, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Bart Bok, Donald Menzel and Fred Whipple, to name a few.

During her time at Harvard College Observatory, she met a Mexican mathematics student named Felix Recillas, started tutoring him in German, and ended up marrying him in 1941. Their two children, Elsa, an astrophysicist and Sevin, a mathematician, helped transform the field of astronomy in Mexico. Pishmish stayed in Mexico and taught at the National Autonomous University connected to the Tacubaya Observatory as an astronomer for over 50 years. Women in the early 1900s were not encouraged to pursue careers in the sciences despite their talents or desires. At the start of her career, Pishmish worked as a translator as well as a support scientist at Erwin Finley-Freundlich before she went on to work on her own projects.

Paris Pishmish de Recillas

Her work was unique as she focused more on the kinematics of the galaxy, as well as the photometry of nebulae and the determination of radial velocities. She developed the first-ever photometric investigation of stellar clusters – revealing three globular clusters as well 20 open stellar clusters and worked on figuring out the effects of interstellar absorption on stellar distribution while relying on various stellar populations to explain the origin of the spiral structure of the galaxy.

Translation – she was incredibly smart! 

She shared her work with the world, publishing more than 135 scientific articles in well-known journals including the Astronomical Journal, Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy and Astrophysics; she also presented at conferences, including one at the Byurakan Observatory in Armenia at the invitation of Viktor Hambardzumyan.

Her accomplishments were beyond extraordinary. She introduced the field of applied astronomy to her students in Mexico, and many of her students later became very well-known astronomers—Arcadio Poveda, Eugenio Mendoza, Enrique Chavira, Debora Dultzin, Alfonso Serrano, Alejandro Ruelas, Marco Moreno.

She was awarded a Science Teaching Prize by UNAM for her diligent work as a teacher and mentor as she advised her students and coworkers, setting a prominent example of devotion to science.

As a strong, passionate woman in the astronomical field, Pishmish was involved in a variety of organizations such as American Astronomical Society, Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain, Academy of Sciences of Mexico, Mexican Physical Society and International Astronomical Union (IAU) where she was a member of several commissions. 

Pishmish penned a memoir titled Reminiscences in the Life of Paris Pişmiş: A Woman Astronomer along with her grandson Gabriel Cruz González, where she described her visits to Armenia and her love of the language and culture. Fluent in Armenian, Turkish, French, English, German, Italian and Spanish, Pishmish was able to share her research and learn from her colleagues around the world. 

She died on August 1, 1999, but her work and legacy live on through her students and her contributions to the field of astronomy.

Alenoush Terian Alenoush Terian, regarded as the ‘Mother of Modern Iranian Astronomy,’ was an astronomer and physicist, born and raised in an Armenian family in Tehran, Iran. The first Iranian woman to become a physics teacher, Terian was the founder of the first solar telescopic observatory in Iran. 

Alenoush Terian

Born to a French mother and Armenian father in 1921, she was fluent in French, Persian and Armenian, and understood Turkish and English.

After graduating from the University of Tehran in 1947, she worked in physics laboratories and quickly became head of operations. She aspired to continue her studies in France and worked tirelessly to convince her professor, Mahmoud Hesabi, to help her get a scholarship. He, however, refused to help her simply because she was a woman.

Alenoush Terian

But Terian stood firm. She didn’t let his unwillingness to help discourage her from pursuing her dreams. She persevered and went to Paris with the help of her father and studied at the Faculty of Atmospheric Physics of the Sorbonne, eventually earning her master’s degree in 1956. She was offered a teaching job there but respectfully declined because she wanted to go back to Iran. Confident in her trajectory, she became an assistant professor of Thermodynamics in the Department of Physics at Tehran University.

She was the first female professor of physics in Iran in 1964. Two years later, she became a member of the Geophysics Committee of Tehran University and in 1969 was selected as the chairwoman of the study group of solar physics at the Geophysics Institute at the university. She then went on to work at the solar observatory which she founded and eventually retired in 1979. 

She never married or had any children of her own, but she dedicated her entire life to her students and the classroom. One of her students stated, “She always said she had a daughter called moon and a son called sun.” In her will, she left her home to the Armenian community of Nor Jugha and to students who did not have a suitable place to live.

On her 90th birthday, the Iranian Parliament honored her during a ceremony. She passed away in 2011 leaving behind an indelible mark on history, astronomy, physics and the Iranian-Armenian community.

Anna Kazanjian Longobardo

Anna Kazanjian Longobardo

Finally, we meet Anna Kazanjian Longobardo – the first woman to receive a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Columbia University. One of the founders of the Society of Women Engineers, she was elected as a fellow and became the first woman to receive the Egleston Medal for her engineering achievements. She was later listed as one of New York’s “100 Women of Influence.”

Although she was born in New York City in 1928, she was born into a family of Armenian immigrants. Her father was an Armenian immigrant from Aleppo, Syria, and her mother was an immigrant from Constantinople, Turkey. Anna’s mother’s maiden name was Yazejian; her family survived the Armenian Genocide during WWI and was able to move to the United States. Additionally, her uncle Haig Khojassarian, also referred to as Hojassarian, was a well-known educator and leader.

Kazanjian exhibited a passion for science at an early age. She was devoted to her work but also spent ample time motivating other women. “We, the women, should work on our self-esteem and not allow failures,” she said. “I try to do it with my own children and my grandchildren… to make them feel that they’re capable ��� within their capability that they should try hard, because the world is their oyster. And I think that made a big difference,” she said in one of her interviews. Kazanjian spread her positivity and confidence to all women.

In addition to her accomplishments, she was one of the first women in the United States to work on board Navy submarines, destroyers and other vessels. She designed a submarine-towed buoy, which was used to calibrate sonar and her design helped raise navigational accuracy for submarines – the ones that operate below periscope depth.

In 1956, she worked on analog and digital programs including the development of navigational systems and the creation of the “Saturn” missile and the “Viking” space system as well as the “Avangard” project.

She began to work on calculating the flight of “Atlas” type ballistic systems designed for the Pentagon and designed specific guidelines that allowed her to hit the target at 10,000 miles. Her work was included in an extremely confidential collection, which only the country’s top officials were given access to and two years later, NASA used these calculations in order to launch satellites.

Anna Kazanjian Longobardo is currently retired and serves on various boards such as Woodward Clyde and Woodward Clyde Federal Services. The former vice chair of the Engineering Foundation Board as well as vice chair of the Bronxville Planning Board, she is still involved with the Barnard Science Advisory Council and Mechanical Engineering Advisory Board and currently lives in Bronxville, New York.

The lives and work of Paris Pishmish, Alenoush Terian and Anna Kazanjian Longobardo are truly inspiring. These three Armenian women persevered even in the face of adversity. When they weren’t heard, they spoke louder. They didn’t acquiesce to societal norms. They not only worked to advance their own careers, but they spent time to mentor, guide and inspire their students, colleagues and communities.

Together, they represent what it means to be powerful, intelligent leaders empowering women to fight for their dreams. 

Tvene Baronian

Tvene Baronian is a rising sophomore attending Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York. She plans to graduate with a double major in Environmental Studies and English. On campus, Tvene is a member of the Environmental Club, Campus Green Club, Public Leadership Education Network (PLEN), Outdoor Recreation Adventure Program (ORAP), Sustainability Club, Koshare Dance Collective, and the Lacrosse Club. In addition to her involvement on campus, her passion for her Armenian heritage drives her participation in various volunteer organizations including Armenian Youth Federation (AYF), Hamazkayin Nayiri Dance Ensemble, HMEM Scouts and the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA). During her free time, she loves to sing, dance, write and draw. She has a passion for music and has performed at Carnegie Hall, where she showcased her love of Armenian opera.

Latest posts by Tvene Baronian (see all)

Read original article here.

[un-enfant-immature]

The secret to trustworthy data strategy

Daniel Wu Contributor

Dan Wu is a Privacy Counsel & Legal Engineer at Immuta, an automated data governance platform for analytics. He’s advocated for data ethics, inclusive urban innovation, and diversity in TechCrunch, Harvard Business Review, and FastCompany. He's helped Fortune 500 companies, governments, and startups with ethical & agile data strategies. He holds a Harvard J.D. & Ph.D.

More posts by this contributor

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Eugene Kolker Contributor

Eugene Kolker, PhD is the Chief Economist and Head of XLAB at Fabuwood Corp., an Adjunct Professor at New York University’s Tandon School of Engineering, and President of 1Ekaroni, a consulting and services company. He was formerly the Chief Data Officer of IBM Global Services and the Chief Data and Analytics Officer of Seattle Children's Healthcare System. He has also co-founded three digital technology and healthcare startups.

Leandro DalleMule Contributor

Leandro DalleMule is the General Manager for North America for Planck. He's the former Chief Data Officer and Head of Information Management at AIG. Leandro holds an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, graduating magna cum laude, a graduate certificate in applied mathematics from Columbia University, and a B.Sc. in mechanical engineering from University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Barbara Cohn Contributor

Barbara Cohn is the managing member of BLC Strategic Advisors. She previously served as the first Chief Data Officer for the State of New York, having led its successful open data initiative for Governor Andrew Cuomo. Prior to that, she was Executive Counsel/HHS Connect Data Interoperability Initiative under Mayor Bloomberg, as well as served in multiple leadership positions in NYS agencies and Office of the NYS Governor.

Shortly after its use exploded in the post-office world of COVID-19, Zoom was banned by a variety of private and public actors, including SpaceX and the government of Taiwan. Critics allege its data strategy, particularly its privacy and security measures, were insufficiently robust, especially putting vulnerable populations, like children, at risk. NYC’s Department of Education, for instance, mandated teachers switch to alternative platforms like Microsoft Teams.

This isn’t a problem specific to Zoom. Other technology giants, from Alphabet, Apple to Facebook, have struggled with these strategic data issues, despite wielding armies of lawyers and data engineers, and have overcome them.

To remedy this, data leaders cannot stop at identifying how to improve their revenue-generating functions with data, what the former Chief Data Officer of AIG (one of our co-authors) calls “offensive” data strategy. Data leaders also protect, fight for, and empower their key partners, like users and employees, or promote “defensive” data strategy. Data offense and defense are core to trustworthy data-driven products.

While these data issues apply to most organizations, highly-regulated innovators in industries with large social impact (the “third wave”) must pay special attention. As Steve Case and the World Economic Forum articulate, the next phase of innovation will center on industries that merge the digital and the physical worlds, affecting the most intimate aspects of our lives. As a result, companies that balance insight and trust well, Boston Consulting group predicts, will be the new winners.

Drawing from our work across the public, corporate, and startup worlds, we identify a few “insight killers” — then identify the trustworthy alternative. While trustworthy data strategy should involve end users and other groups outside the company as discussed here, the lessons below focus on the complexities of partnering within organizations, which deserve attention in their own right.

Insight-killer #1: “Data strategy adds no value to my life.”

From the beginning of a data project, a trustworthy data leader asks, “Who are our partners and what prevents them from achieving their goals?” In other words: listen. This question can help identify the unmet needs of the 46% of surveyed technology and business teams who found their data groups have little value to offer them.

Putting this to action is the data leader of one highly-regulated AI health startup — Cognoa — who listened to tensions between its defensive and offensive data functions. Cognoa’s Chief AI Officer identified how healthcare data laws, like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, resulted in friction between his key partners: compliance officers and machine learning engineers. Compliance officers needed to protect end users’ privacy while data and machine learning engineers wanted faster access to data.

To meet these multifaceted goals, Cognoa first scoped down its solution by prioritizing its highest-risk databases. It then connected all of those databases using a single access-and-control layer.

This redesign satisfied its compliance officers because Cognoa’s engineers could then only access health data based on strict policy rules informed by healthcare data regulations. Furthermore, since these rules could be configured and transparently explained without code, it bridged communication gaps between its data and compliance roles. Its engineers were also elated because they no longer had to wait as long to receive privacy-protected copies.

Because its data leader started by listening to the struggles of its two key partners, Cognoa met both its defensive and offensive goals.

[evoldir]

Postdoc: ColumbiaU.ViralEvolution

Postdoctoral Research Scientist in viral evolution, genomics, and mathematical modeling, Columbia University Medical Center The Rabadan Lab (http://bit.ly/2kPVPGE) is a multi-disciplinary team at the Columbia University Medical Center consisting of computational and evolutionary biologists, applied mathematicians, physicists, and physicians. As part of the Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, we collaborate with clinicians and public health researchers from around the world to explore the genetic underpinnings and epidemiology of infectious diseases and cancer. As part of the Center for Topology of Cancer Evolution and Heterogeneity, we are building a vibrant community of researchers who use insights and techniques from computational topology to solve pressing biomedical problems. We are seeking a postdoctoral researcher who wants to work in a creative and collaborative environment on new mathematical approaches for understanding viral evolution. Candidate qualifications include: • PhD in any quantitative science (preferably mathematics, computer science, physics, astrophysics, computational biology, statistics, or engineering) or in life sciences with strong focus on mathematical modeling, evolution, and/or computation • Expertise in high-throughput sequencing technologies is highly valued. • Excellent organizational and communication skills are a must. Application Process: Please send the following to st3090@cumc.columbia.edu 1. Cover letter, highlighting experience with quantitative methods for understanding biological data and evolutionary processes 2. CV 3. Names and contact information for three references Columbia University is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and encourages applications from women and underrepresented minorities. Sophie Thuault-Restituito, PhD Executive Director and Scientific Operation Manager, Columbia University Center for Topology of Cancer Evolution and Heterogeneity Department of Biomedical Informatics 1130 St. Nicholas Ave ICRC Bldg 8th Floor New York, NY 10032 Tel: 646 341 2019 "Thuault-Restituito, Sophie" via Gmail

[jobswzayef]

Interdisciplinary

Interdisciplinary

Summary

About the Position Must be able to satisfy the requirements of the 26JUL12 DODI 1400.25 V1230 DoD Civilian Personnel Management System Employment in Foreign Areas and Employee Return Rights.

Responsibilities

Perform work under rigid completion schedules requiring strict adherence to safety standards.

Apply practical knowledge of construction methods and techniques in accomplishing an assignment.

Supervise a variety of complex projects.

Serve as senior project engineer responsible for performing and directing the full range of field and office engineering activities associated with construction operation at the project office.

Requirements

Conditions of Employment

Qualifications

Who May Apply Only applicants who meet one of the employment authority categories below are eligible to apply for this job. You will be asked to identify which category or categories you meet and to provide documents which prove you meet the category or categories you selected. See Proof of Eligibility for an extensive list of document requirements for all employment authorities. Current Department of Army Civilian EmployeesDomestic Defense Industrial Base Major Range and Test Facilities Base Civilian Personnel WorkforceInteragency Career Transition Assistance PlanLand Management Workforce Flexibility ActMilitary Spouse Preference MSP for Overseas EmploymentVeterans Employment Opportunity Act VEOA of 1998 In order to qualify you must meet the Education AND Specialized Experience requirements described below. Experience refers to paid and unpaid experience including volunteer work done through National Service programs e.g. Peace Corps AmeriCorps and other organizations e.g. professional philanthropic religious spiritual community student social . You will receive credit for all qualifying experience including volunteer experience. Your resume must clearly describe your relevant experience if qualifying based on education your transcripts will be required as part of your application. Additional information about transcripts is in this document. Basic Requirement for General Electrical Mechanical or Civil Engineer A. Degree Bachelor's degree or higher degree in engineering. To be acceptable the program must

1 lead to a bachelor's degree or higher degree in a school of engineering with at least one program accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology ABET

OR

2 include differential and integral calculus and courses more advanced than first year physics and chemistry in five of the following seven areas of engineering science or physics a statics dynamics b strength of materials stress strain relationships c fluid mechanics hydraulics d thermodynamics e electrical fields and circuits f nature and properties of materials relating particle and aggregate structure to properties and g any other comparable area of fundamental engineering science or physics such as optics heat transfer soil mechanics or electronics.

OR

B. Combination of Education and Experience College level education training and or technical experience that furnished 1 a thorough knowledge of the physical and mathematical sciences underlying engineering and 2 a good understanding both theoretical and practical of the engineering sciences and techniques and their applications to one of the branches of engineering. The adequacy of such background must be demonstrated by one of the following

Professional registration or licensure Current registration as an Engineer Intern EI Engineer in Training EIT or licensure as a Professional Engineer PE by any State the District of Columbia Guam or Puerto Rico. Absent other means of qualifying under this standard those applicants who achieved such registration by means other than written test e.g. State grandfather or eminence provisions are eligible only for positions that are within or closely related to the specialty field of their registration. For example an applicant who attains registration through a State Board's eminence provision as a manufacturing engineer typically would be rated eligible only for manufacturing engineering positions.

Written Test Evidence of having successfully passed the Fundamentals of Engineering FE examination or any other written test required for professional registration by an engineering licensure board in the various States the District of Columbia Guam or Puerto Rico.

Specified academic courses Successful completion of at least 60 semester hours of courses in the physical mathematical and engineering sciences and that included the courses specified in A above. The courses must be fully acceptable toward meeting the requirements of an engineering program.

Related curriculum Successful completion of a curriculum leading to a bachelor's degree in an appropriate scientific field e.g. engineering technology physics chemistry architecture computer science mathematics hydrology or geology may be accepted in lieu of a degree in engineering provided the applicant has had at least 1 year of professional engineering experience acquired under professional engineering supervision and guidance. Ordinarily there should be either an established plan of intensive training to develop professional engineering competence or several years of prior professional engineering type experience e.g. in interdisciplinary positions.

Basic Requirement for Architect

A. Degree Bachelor's degree or higher degree in architecture or in a related field that included 60 semester hours of course work in architecture or related disciplines of which at least 1 30 semester hours were in architectural design and 2 6 semester hours were in each of the following structural technology properties of materials and methods of construction and environmental control systems.

OR

B. Combination of Education and Experience College level education training and or technical experience that furnished 1 a thorough knowledge of the arts and sciences underlying professional architecture and 2 a good understanding both theoretical and practical of the architectural principles methods and techniques and their applications to the design and construction or improvement of buildings. The adequacy of such background must be demonstrated by at least one of the following

1 Related Curriculum Degree in architectural engineering provided the completed course work in architectural engineering provided knowledge skills and abilities substantially equivalent to those provided in the courses specified in statement A above or

2 Experience 1 year of experience in an architect's office or in architectural work for each year short of graduation from a program of study in architecture. In the absence of any college courses 5 years of such experience is required. This experience must have demonstrated that you have acquired a thorough knowledge of the fundamental principles and theories of professional architecture. In addition to meeting the basic requirement above to qualify for this position you must also meet the qualification requirements listed below One year of specialized experience which includes knowledge of and skill in Technical Oversight Contracting Authorities and Safety. Plans schedules monitors and controls the full range of construction operations. Participate in design criteria studies and design review conferences review and process shop drawings pay estimates and other contractor submittals. Conducts and attends pre construction conferences regular construction status meetings and periodic safety meeting. Provide significant and innovative recommendations for advancing programs and or methods. You will be evaluated on the basis of your level of competency in the following areas

Building and ConstructionContracting ProcurementTechnical Competence Time in Grade Requirement Applicants who have held a General Schedule GS position within the last 52 weeks must have 52 weeks of Federal service at the next lower grade or equivalent GS 12 .

Education

FOREIGN EDUCATION If you are using education completed in foreign colleges or universities to meet the qualification requirements you must show the education credentials have been evaluated by a private organization that specializes in interpretation of foreign education programs and such education has been deemed equivalent to that gained in an accredited U.S. education program or full credit has been given for the courses at a U.S. accredited college or university. For further information visit http www.ed.gov about offices list ous international usnei us edlite visitus forrecog.html

Additional Information

Male applicants born after December 31 1959 must complete a Pre Employment Certification Statement for Selective Service Registration. You will be required to provide proof of U.S. Citizenship. Direct Deposit of Pay is required. Selection is subject to restrictions resulting from Department of Defense referral system for displaced employees. If you have retired from federal service and you are interested in employment as a reemployed annuitant see the information in the Reemployed Annuitant information sheet. Applicants must comply with the Exceptional Family Member Program requirements as outlined in the DoD Instruction 1315.19. Locality pay does not apply in the overseas area. If an employee brings a family member to an overseas location who requires medical or dental care then the employee will be responsible for obtaining and paying for such care. Access for civilian employees and their families to military medical and dental treatment facilities is on a space available and reimbursable basis only. Pay retention may be offered to selected applicants for positions at overseas locations. Pay retention will not be offered as an incentive for employees moving between overseas positions. Selectees initially recruited from the United States may receive certain foreign area benefits such as Living Quarters Allowance LQA or government quarters home leave etc. Subject to approval Selectees recruited outside the U.S. will have their eligibility for foreign area benefits determined at the time of hire. Overseas allowances may be authorized in accordance with Department of State Standardized Regulation DSSR and DoDI 1400.25 volume 1250. For positions in a foreign country that country's laws or international agreements may have a direct impact on the ability of an employee's same sex domestic partner or spouse to accompany the employee and receive certain benefits. If you believe you may be affected by these laws and agreements you should familiarize yourself with relevant information and direct questions concerning a specific country Foreign Duty Location to the appropriate Army Human Resources point of contact prior to the acceptance of employment and your entrance on duty. This is a Career Program CP 18 position Scientists and Engineers. The initial length of this overseas tour is 12 months. Defense National Relocation Program will not be authorized. Multiple positions may be filled from this announcement. When you perform a Civilian Permanent Change of Station PCS with the government the Internal Revenue Service IRS considers the majority of your entitlements to be taxable. Visit https www.dfas.mil civilianemployees civrelo Civilian Moving Expenses Tax Deduction.htm for more information. If you are unable to apply online or need to fax a document you do not have in electronic form view the following link for information regarding an Alternate Application. Permanent Change of Station PCS allowances may be authorized subject to the provisions of the Joint Travel Regulations and an agency determination that a PCS move is in the Government Interest. * راتب مجزي جداً. * مكافأت و حوافز متنوعة. * توفير سكن مؤثث أو بدل سكن. * أنتقالات أو توفير بدل عنها. * توفير تذاكر السفر لمن يشغل الوظيفة و عائلته. * نسبة من الأرباح الربع سنوية. * أجازات سنوية مدفوعة الراتب بالكامل. * مسار وظيفي واضح للترقيات. * بيئة عمل محفزة و مناسبة لحالة الموظف. * تأمين طبي للموظيف و عائلته. * تأمينات أجتماعية. التقدم و التواصل مباشرة دون و سطاء عند توافر الألتزام و الجدية التامة و المؤهلات المطلوبة علي: jobswzayef@gmail.com

[mthrynn]

Sept. 14 — A new class of 20 future HPC leaders is enrolled at U.S. universities this fall with support from the Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (DOE CSGF).

More than 425 students have participated in the program since it was established in 1991. Each is an advocate for computing’s capacity to advance science across a variety of disciplines.

Members of the fellowship’s twenty-seventh incoming class, their institutions and fields, are:

Peter Ahrens

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Computer Science

Robert Baraldi

University of Washington

Applied Mathematics

Matthew Carbone

Columbia University

Chemical Physics

Gabriela Correa

Cornell University

Materials Science

Jennifer Coulter

Harvard University

Computational Materials Physics

Priya Donti

Carnegie Mellon University

Computer Science and Energy Policy

Annie Katsevich

New York University

Applied Mathematics

Jonas Kaufman

University of California, Santa Barbara

Computational Materials

Morgan Kelley

University of Texas

Process Systems

Claire Kopenhafer

Michigan State University

Astrophysics

Alicia Magann

Princeton University

Chemistry

Quentarius Moore

Texas A&M University

Chemistry

Kari Norman

University of California, Berkeley

Ecology

Miriam Rathbun

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Computational Reactor Physics

Kevin Silmore

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Chemical Engineering

Benjamin Toms

Colorado State University

Atmospheric Science

Steven Torrisi

Harvard University

Materials Physics

Annie Wei

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Quantum Information/Quantum Algorithms

Zachary Weiner

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Cosmology, High Energy

Malia Wenny

Harvard University

Chemistry

Fellows receive a yearly stipend; full payment of university tuition and required fees (during the appointment period); and an annual academic allowance. Renewable for up to four years, the fellowship is guided by a comprehensive program of study that requires coursework in a science or engineering discipline plus computer science and applied mathematics. It also includes a three-month research practicum at one of 21 Department of Energy laboratories or sites across the country.

Additional details for each fellow are available via the program’s online fellow directory (http://ift.tt/2xoepyt). For further information, contact the Krell Institute, DOE CSGF program manager, at http://ift.tt/2flGeNZ.

Source: DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship

The post DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellows Begin Studies appeared first on HPCwire.

via Government – HPCwire

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Graduate Study in the US: Guide for International Students

\n\nThis article is change from the QS bakshis Grad initiate Guide 2014/15, available to record online here. Click here to bring our complete guide on how to field of operations in the US. \n\n\nThe joined States of America is super-sized in to a greater extent(prenominal) ways than unmatchable. Its the knowledge domains fourth vaingloriousst acres by total vault of heaven, one-third largest by population, has the largest demesneal economy, extravagantlyest average discover wage, spends more(prenominal)(prenominal) on high cultivation than any different nation, and exercises a globose big disdainman influence across the field of trade, military, politics and culture.\n\nIts withal a super precedent when it comes to higher(prenominal) education. US universities dominate multinational set upings tables, and imply several(prenominal)(prenominal) of the earths al just about illustrious institutions. Think Harvard, MIT, capital of South Carolina, Yale, C altech and so many more. This combines with the nations ethnic attractions to make the US the digit one choice for supranational school-age childs, at all line of business levels.\n\nAccording to the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS), virtually 15% of all receive-level savants in the US ar externalistic. The most popular subject ara for external graduate students is engineering, which accounts for more than a quarter (27%) of international graduate enrollments. Next is business (17%), followed by programs relating to physical and earth sciences, mathematics or figurer sciences (20% combined).\n\nTop 10 US Universities\n\nBased on the QS orbit University Rankings速 2015/16\n \n realism rank\nLocation\n momma constitute of engineering (MIT)\n1\nCambridge, Massachusetts\nHarvard University\n2\nCambridge, Massachusetts\nStanford University\n3=\nStanford, atomic number 20\n atomic number 20 wreak of Technology (Caltech)\n5\nPasadena, California\nUniversity of Chicago\n1 0\nChicago, Illinois\nPrinceton University\n11\nPrinceton, young Jersey\nYale University\n15\n refreshing Haven, Connecticut\nJohns Hopkins University\n16\nBaltimore, Maryland\nCornell University\n17\nIthaca, newfangled York\nUniversity of papa\n18\nPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania\nDiscover more of the visor universities in the US >\nTop ships to excogitate in the US\n\nThe considerable size of the US means theres more or less(prenominal)thing to suit every students taste, whether youre into fast big city smell or leisurely sojourns in unspoiled wilderness; sunning yourself on the beach or the sun-gl are from blank mountains. Add heathen salmagundi to this mix and its no wonder that the US boasts more entries than any other nation in the QS Best learner Cities, an index of the globes aggrandizement urban study locations.\n\nAmong the effulgentest of the USs bright lights is New York City, sometimes referred to as the Capital of the World and undoubtedly one of the planets most recognizable skylines. know worldwide for its cultural influence, pecuniary power and legendary arts, medication and fashion scenes, the Big orchard apple tree promises enough museums, theaters, architecture, venues, parks and cuisines to refund new experiences every wholeness day of your degree. The citys higher education providers are in addition globally ren get down goted, including ivy League member Columbia University and the equally well-known New York University, some(prenominal) ranked indoors the worlds top 50 in the QS World University Rankings速 2014/15.\n\nMoving into the neighboring differentiate of Massachusetts, college-town Cambridge, close to capital of Massachusetts, boasts an even unafraider assiduity of world-leading institutions. Cambridge (named after its UK counterpart) is the home of twain the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, which occupy the top 2 spots in the up-to-the-minute edition of the QS World Un iversity Rankings. The Boston area in general is well known for its student community, sophisticated arts, politics and cultural scenes, and of consort for the beautiful innate(p) colors that characterize the New England group of states, particularly during the fall.\n\nOn the opposite side of the USs huge territory, Californias San Francisco alcove empyrean is a nonher prominent international hub for higher education and for seek and development more more often than not, as the site of the famous silicon Valley high-tech psychiatric hospital cluster. Perhaps a junior-grade more laidback than the city that never sleeps, San Francisco and the wider Bay Area plead an intriguing combination of coastal lifestyle and cutting-edge development, with start-up energy overlaying earlier eras of flower power and liberal activism.\n\nAs a state, California is known for its strong public university establishment, and the heart of this governance is here in the Bay Area, which is ho me to both the extremely distinguished UC Berkeley and the graduate-focused UC San Francisco. The areas highest-ranked institution, however, is the occult Stanford University, which places within the global top 10.\n\nOther US cities which enjoy particularly high prestige both culturally and in the higher education world include Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and of figure the federal capital majuscule DC. But there are plenty more marvelous locations in which to study in the US browse the favourions by state here.\n\nApplying for graduate study in the US\n\nGraduate-level launching requirements for most US universities allot completion of a bachs degree or equivalent from an internationally know institution. Additional documents you whitethorn be asked to provide include: letter of recommendation, a research report (for PhD appli passelts) and scores from standardized examinations such as the GRE, GMAT and/or English proficiency tests.\n\nWhile some institutions hold rolling admissions and choose applications on an ongoing basis, most colleges put up an early deadline ( commonly declination to January) and a regular deadline (usually marching to April). You can apply to as many US universities as you like, but most students opt for no more than a care safey chosen six. Youll engage to pay an application compensation, usually between $50 and $100, though online applications can be cheaper or even free. Further bungs include the non-immigrant visa application fee (currently $160) and a registration fee for SEVIS, the student database and tracking system ($200).\n\nInternational students testament submit to obtain an F-1 non-immigrant visa. For this, you will motive to lease secured a place at an SEVP-approved university, prove that you have able funds for the course duration, and confirm that you intend to go out the US after terminate your studies. Canadian and Bermudian citizens do not need visas to study in the US, but will tranquilize need to obtain an I-20 security of Eligibility abidance and pay for SEVIS registration.\n\nThe damage of graduate study in the US\n\nTuition fees in the US vary astray from institution to institution, but general are among the highest in the world. insular universities usually have one set fee for both local and international students, turn at public universities in-state students generally pay less than out-of-state and international students. As institutions set their own fees, its best to secure their websites for unique(predicate) figures. Note that victor programs such as MBAs, JDs, LLMs and MDs will be more expensive than other masters or PhD programs.\n\nThe terms of life in the US can in like manner vary advantageously, cod to the socioeconomic differences inevitable in a country so large and diverse. Suburban and artless areas in the South and midwestern United States generally have the utmost cost of living, with big cities carrying considerabl y higher expenses regardless of geographical location. To give an example, Cornell Universitys righteousness School outlines a cypher for those enrolling in 2014/15 which includes US$11,250 per year for room and board, $1,100 for books and supplies, $2,433 for wellness insurance, and $5,000 for travel and personal expenses.\n\nUS scholarships and financial aid\n\nThe fair news is that a large percentage of students in the US receive some formula of financial aid. This is either need- or merit-based, with the former based on an assessment of students finances and the last mentioned considering academic achievements and/or athletic talent. For a selection of US scholarships for international students, visit this article. six-spot major US universities are entirely need-blind, meaning they have pledged to offer sufficient financial assistance to advocate all students (both domestic and international) who hurt the high academic standards unavoidable for entry. These are Amher st, Yale, Dartmouth, Princeton, MIT and Harvard.\n\nIn general, private US universities offer more opportunities for financial assistance which are open to international students; the latter(prenominal) are not legal for most of the aid schemes provided by the US federal government. However, NYUs Perez and Liakaris are keen to accent that there are a lot of options for international postgraduate students desire financial support. just about graduate schools provide scholarships that are specific to international students. Some offer assistantships that help offset the cost of tuition darn providing some practical experience in a field of interest. Some universities, such as NYU, also offer Curricular interoperable Training (CPT), which take ons students with F-1 visas to participate in paid, off-campus internships.\n\nFurther options include fellowships (a form of merit-based scholarship), and scholarships offered via the Fulbright Program, run by the US Department of State authority of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Students may also seek achievement on campus for extra income, while many PhD students receive a tuition waiver and some form of annual stipend. Perez and Liakaris also recommend finding out if your chosen institution offers a flexible payment plan, which would allow you to pay your tuition symmetricalness in more wallet-friendly periodic instalments.\n\nThis article was originally publish in January 2015. It was updated in February 2016 to conjecture the latest World University Rankings. If you ask to get a full essay, order it on our website: Custom essay writing service. Free essay/order revisions. Essays of any complexity! Courseworks, term papers, research papers. 100% confidential!Homework live help. Custom Essay Order is available 24/7!

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Beyond Motherhood: Powerful Armenian Women in Science

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/society/beyond-motherhood-powerful-armenian-women-in-science-51549-19-08-2020/

Beyond Motherhood: Powerful Armenian Women in Science

In this week’s empowerment series, we learn about three Armenian women who dedicated their lives to science in the 1900s. Paris Pishmish, Alenoush Terian and Anna Kazanjian Longobardo were scientists at a time when being a woman in the field did not come easily.

Nonetheless, they blazed trails and took on leadership roles in a field where few women existed. In their careers, at a time in which few women filled these roles, they not only held the titles as firsts, but their work impacted the work of future generations. 

Paris Pishmish de Recillas

Paris Pishmish de Recillas

As a Mexican Armenian woman, Paris Pishmish, known as one of the preeminent female astronomers not only worked hard in her own career, but she also carved out time to mentor other women who wanted to become astronomers as well.

Pishmish, born Mari Soukiassian in Constantinople on January 30, 1911, was the daughter of Soukias Soukiassian, the great-grandson of Mikayel Amira Pishmish who was a member of a powerful class of Armenian commercial and professional elites titled amiras. Filomen, her mother, was Mateos Izmirlian’s niece who was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1894 to 1908 and Catholicos of All Armenians until 1910.

Pishmish attended an Armenian elementary school and later became the first woman to graduate from Istanbul University with a degree in mathematics and classical astronomy in 1933. She then graduated from Harvard University with her Doctor of Science in mathematics in 1937; in 1939, she became an associate researcher at Harvard College Observatory. An expert herself, she drew great inspiration from the likes of astronomers such as Harlow Shapley, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Bart Bok, Donald Menzel and Fred Whipple, to name a few.

During her time at Harvard College Observatory, she met a Mexican mathematics student named Felix Recillas, started tutoring him in German, and ended up marrying him in 1941. Their two children, Elsa, an astrophysicist and Sevin, a mathematician, helped transform the field of astronomy in Mexico. Pishmish stayed in Mexico and taught at the National Autonomous University connected to the Tacubaya Observatory as an astronomer for over 50 years. Women in the early 1900s were not encouraged to pursue careers in the sciences despite their talents or desires. At the start of her career, Pishmish worked as a translator as well as a support scientist at Erwin Finley-Freundlich before she went on to work on her own projects.

Paris Pishmish de Recillas

Her work was unique as she focused more on the kinematics of the galaxy, as well as the photometry of nebulae and the determination of radial velocities. She developed the first-ever photometric investigation of stellar clusters – revealing three globular clusters as well 20 open stellar clusters and worked on figuring out the effects of interstellar absorption on stellar distribution while relying on various stellar populations to explain the origin of the spiral structure of the galaxy.

Translation – she was incredibly smart! 

She shared her work with the world, publishing more than 135 scientific articles in well-known journals including the Astronomical Journal, Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy and Astrophysics; she also presented at conferences, including one at the Byurakan Observatory in Armenia at the invitation of Viktor Hambardzumyan.

Her accomplishments were beyond extraordinary. She introduced the field of applied astronomy to her students in Mexico, and many of her students later became very well-known astronomers—Arcadio Poveda, Eugenio Mendoza, Enrique Chavira, Debora Dultzin, Alfonso Serrano, Alejandro Ruelas, Marco Moreno.

She was awarded a Science Teaching Prize by UNAM for her diligent work as a teacher and mentor as she advised her students and coworkers, setting a prominent example of devotion to science.

As a strong, passionate woman in the astronomical field, Pishmish was involved in a variety of organizations such as American Astronomical Society, Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain, Academy of Sciences of Mexico, Mexican Physical Society and International Astronomical Union (IAU) where she was a member of several commissions. 

Pishmish penned a memoir titled Reminiscences in the Life of Paris Pişmiş: A Woman Astronomer along with her grandson Gabriel Cruz González, where she described her visits to Armenia and her love of the language and culture. Fluent in Armenian, Turkish, French, English, German, Italian and Spanish, Pishmish was able to share her research and learn from her colleagues around the world. 

She died on August 1, 1999, but her work and legacy live on through her students and her contributions to the field of astronomy.

Alenoush Terian Alenoush Terian, regarded as the ‘Mother of Modern Iranian Astronomy,’ was an astronomer and physicist, born and raised in an Armenian family in Tehran, Iran. The first Iranian woman to become a physics teacher, Terian was the founder of the first solar telescopic observatory in Iran. 

Alenoush Terian

Born to a French mother and Armenian father in 1921, she was fluent in French, Persian and Armenian, and understood Turkish and English.

After graduating from the University of Tehran in 1947, she worked in physics laboratories and quickly became head of operations. She aspired to continue her studies in France and worked tirelessly to convince her professor, Mahmoud Hesabi, to help her get a scholarship. He, however, refused to help her simply because she was a woman.

Alenoush Terian

But Terian stood firm. She didn’t let his unwillingness to help discourage her from pursuing her dreams. She persevered and went to Paris with the help of her father and studied at the Faculty of Atmospheric Physics of the Sorbonne, eventually earning her master’s degree in 1956. She was offered a teaching job there but respectfully declined because she wanted to go back to Iran. Confident in her trajectory, she became an assistant professor of Thermodynamics in the Department of Physics at Tehran University.

She was the first female professor of physics in Iran in 1964. Two years later, she became a member of the Geophysics Committee of Tehran University and in 1969 was selected as the chairwoman of the study group of solar physics at the Geophysics Institute at the university. She then went on to work at the solar observatory which she founded and eventually retired in 1979. 

She never married or had any children of her own, but she dedicated her entire life to her students and the classroom. One of her students stated, “She always said she had a daughter called moon and a son called sun.” In her will, she left her home to the Armenian community of Nor Jugha and to students who did not have a suitable place to live.

On her 90th birthday, the Iranian Parliament honored her during a ceremony. She passed away in 2011 leaving behind an indelible mark on history, astronomy, physics and the Iranian-Armenian community.

Anna Kazanjian Longobardo

Anna Kazanjian Longobardo

Finally, we meet Anna Kazanjian Longobardo – the first woman to receive a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Columbia University. One of the founders of the Society of Women Engineers, she was elected as a fellow and became the first woman to receive the Egleston Medal for her engineering achievements. She was later listed as one of New York’s “100 Women of Influence.”

Although she was born in New York City in 1928, she was born into a family of Armenian immigrants. Her father was an Armenian immigrant from Aleppo, Syria, and her mother was an immigrant from Constantinople, Turkey. Anna’s mother’s maiden name was Yazejian; her family survived the Armenian Genocide during WWI and was able to move to the United States. Additionally, her uncle Haig Khojassarian, also referred to as Hojassarian, was a well-known educator and leader.

Kazanjian exhibited a passion for science at an early age. She was devoted to her work but also spent ample time motivating other women. “We, the women, should work on our self-esteem and not allow failures,” she said. “I try to do it with my own children and my grandchildren… to make them feel that they’re capable – within their capability that they should try hard, because the world is their oyster. And I think that made a big difference,” she said in one of her interviews. Kazanjian spread her positivity and confidence to all women.

In addition to her accomplishments, she was one of the first women in the United States to work on board Navy submarines, destroyers and other vessels. She designed a submarine-towed buoy, which was used to calibrate sonar and her design helped raise navigational accuracy for submarines – the ones that operate below periscope depth.

In 1956, she worked on analog and digital programs including the development of navigational systems and the creation of the “Saturn” missile and the “Viking” space system as well as the “Avangard” project.

She began to work on calculating the flight of “Atlas” type ballistic systems designed for the Pentagon and designed specific guidelines that allowed her to hit the target at 10,000 miles. Her work was included in an extremely confidential collection, which only the country’s top officials were given access to and two years later, NASA used these calculations in order to launch satellites.

Anna Kazanjian Longobardo is currently retired and serves on various boards such as Woodward Clyde and Woodward Clyde Federal Services. The former vice chair of the Engineering Foundation Board as well as vice chair of the Bronxville Planning Board, she is still involved with the Barnard Science Advisory Council and Mechanical Engineering Advisory Board and currently lives in Bronxville, New York.

The lives and work of Paris Pishmish, Alenoush Terian and Anna Kazanjian Longobardo are truly inspiring. These three Armenian women persevered even in the face of adversity. When they weren’t heard, they spoke louder. They didn’t acquiesce to societal norms. They not only worked to advance their own careers, but they spent time to mentor, guide and inspire their students, colleagues and communities.

Together, they represent what it means to be powerful, intelligent leaders empowering women to fight for their dreams. 

Tvene Baronian

Tvene Baronian is a rising sophomore attending Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York. She plans to graduate with a double major in Environmental Studies and English. On campus, Tvene is a member of the Environmental Club, Campus Green Club, Public Leadership Education Network (PLEN), Outdoor Recreation Adventure Program (ORAP), Sustainability Club, Koshare Dance Collective, and the Lacrosse Club. In addition to her involvement on campus, her passion for her Armenian heritage drives her participation in various volunteer organizations including Armenian Youth Federation (AYF), Hamazkayin Nayiri Dance Ensemble, HMEM Scouts and the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA). During her free time, she loves to sing, dance, write and draw. She has a passion for music and has performed at Carnegie Hall, where she showcased her love of Armenian opera.

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