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engel2011-blog1 · 6 months ago

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Honduras: Alcances y Limites del Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental

Escritor por: Engels Bladimir López Sánchez[1]

El pasado 28 de mayo del 2024 el Gobierno de la República a través del Consejo Nacional de Seguridad y Defensa, en el marco de la crisis ambiental que golpea a la sociedad hondureña, producto de la quema del bosque y la contaminación del aire, entre sus resoluciones principales destaca la creación de la Comisión “Cero Deforestación al 2029” y la presencia de los militares en la gestión de la actual crisis climática y ambiental.

Las resoluciones y medidas acontecen en un contexto de país marcado por una ola imparable de incendios y de calor, que según datos oficiales de Instituto de Conservación Forestal (ICF), en lo que va del 2024 se contabilizan más de 4.800 hectáreas afectadas por 146 incendios forestales y las temperaturas alcanzan aproximadamente los 40 grados centígrados.

En ese contexto es importante responder a tres preguntas de fondo: ¿Cuál es el abordaje de la crisis climática y ambiental propuesta por el Gobierno? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de la presencia de los militares, en el marco de un proceso de securitización ambiental? ¿Que implica el Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental para las organizaciones sociales comunitarias y movimientos sociales que defienden el territorio? En ese sentido, proponemos un abordaje desde el enfoque del Desarrollo Territorial en los esfuerzos por dimensionar desde una perspectiva critica el alcance y limitaciones de dicho Decreto, en la resolución democrática de la actual crisis climática y ambiental en Honduras.

El Decreto de Emergencia plantea alcances de interés. Primero, reconoce la forma en la cual el narcotráfico y el crimen organizado se han asentado de manera amplia en los territorios, desencadeno un amplio proceso de desterritorialización de gran alcance con fuertes impactos abversos en el medio ambiente y en la vida de las comunidades. Segundo, si bien no se cuestiona la acción institucional en materia ambiental y climática, existe un esfuerzo de articulación interinstitucional para gestionar la actual crisis climática. Sin embargo, una de las limitaciones de esta articulación, es que se basa exclusivamente en el tema legal y penal y en menor medida la reforestación, desconociendo temas como la gestión social del riesgo, desarrollo territorial, entre otros. Tercero, se ordena al Poder Judicial crear Juzgado de Letras en Materia Ambiental, de suma importancia para gestionar de manera jurisdiccional los delitos ambientales, con el peligro que los terratenientes y los ganaderos utilice esta herramienta para criminalizar a las comunidades indígenas y campesinas. Cuarto, se pone en el centro de la acción una de las demandas históricas del movimiento territorial, el abuso con el que actúan muchas Corporaciones Municipales al momento de extender permisos que promueven actividades que van en detrimento el ambiente y el territorio.

El Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental: Tan lejos y tan cerca de las alternativas a la crisis climática

En el marco de la Pandemia de la COVID-19, se reabrió de manera amplia el debate sobre los enfoques para gestionar la crisis climática y ambiental. Tres enfoques sobresalen: i) Pacto Ecosocial, ii) Pacto Verde Europeo y, iii) El Green New Deal de Estados Unidos. El primero surgió en los países del Sur Global y su propuesta consiste en atacar los problemas estructurales que determinan la actual crisis climática, determinados por el sistema capitalista. El segundo surge en el seno de los países de la Unión Europea y su propuesta consiste básicamente en hacer reformas el actual modelo económico para conseguir la neutralidad climática. Y el tercero, nació en los círculos académicos y progresistas Demócratas, con el objetivo de abordar la crisis del cambio climático y la desigualdad económica mediante un proceso de modernización del sistema capitalista.

En términos políticos e ideológicos el pacto ecosocial tiene sus orígenes en las propuestas del ecosocialismo y la ecofeminismo, reiterando la importancia de transitar hacia sociedades y economías socialistas. El pacto verde, tiene sus orígenes en la propuesta del liberalismo verde, que consiste en promover la responsabilidad social empresarial y el desarrollo sostenible. Y el Green New Deal de Estados Unidos, tiene sus orígenes en las propuestas de capitalismo progresistas alrededor de la llamada transición energética y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Asier Arias (2020), expone abiertamente la forma en la que el liberalismo verde y el capitalismo progresista considera que la actual crisis climática en curso no tiene nada que ver con la dinámica depredadora del modelo capitalista y que, por tanto, se debe a una explosión demográfica de los países del Sur Global.

En ese sentido, como lo recuerda Eduardo Gudynas (2020), existen distintos horizontes a las alternativas para hacerle frente a la crisis climática y ambiental: desde posiciones conservadoras, que sostienen que la vía es reforzar el capitalismo en cada país; posiciones moderadas, que afirman que el imperativo actual es emprender diferentes medidas de reformas o cambios en el capitalismo; y posiciones radicales, que promueven de modo explícito de concebir el futuro preferido no-capitalista. Las vías para hacerle frente a la crisis climática y ambiental dependerán de la capacidad política de los gobiernos y de la presión que se pueda ejercer desde los movimientos y organizaciones sociales.

El abordaje de la crisis climática y ambiental expuesta en el Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental está próximo al liberalismo verde y distante del pacto ecosocial. Lo anterior, con base a la idea que dicho Decreto no enfatiza en la necesidad de crear una nueva generación de leyes ambientales, territoriales y climáticas que pongan en el centro la importancia de transformar el modelo económico y transitar a una sociedad sustentable y equilibrada, en el marco de un proceso de biocentrismo ampliado (reconocer los derechos de la naturaleza). Por otro lado, no existe un reconocimiento tácito que uno de los principales problemas que impide la gestión de la crisis y climática es la debilidad de la institucionalidad pública y la importancia de avanzar en un proceso de refundación institucional desde una mirada democrática y estratégica. La mirada política sobre la crisis climática y ambiental tiene que pasar por valorar elementos de carácter interno que giran alrededor de la económica política y el orden institucional del gobierno, es decir, es necesario poner en perspectiva la acción gubernamental climática y ambiental de las instituciones públicas de Estado y la dinámica del modelo económico hondureño.

El Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental y el peligro de la securitización militar ambiental

En las últimas 4 décadas han proliferado los estudios sobre la forma en la cual la crisis climática posiciona a los militares en la gestión ambiental. Esta tendencia ha tomado fuerza en el marco de la Postpandemia de la COVID-19 y es parte de una estrategia geopolítica más amplia impulsada por el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU y la Organización del Atlántico Norte (OTAN), que presionan a los gobiernos para que las fuerzas militares vayan tomando el control sobre dichas crisis. Juan Pablo Vasques (2022), expone que la crisis ambiental está siendo vista por los gobiernos nacionales como una amenaza de seguridad nacional, ya que estas crisis producen el auge de conflictos nacionales, desplazados climáticos y masivas olas de migraciones que se viven en Latinoamérica, Europa y Asia.

La securitización ambiental como problema político en la gestión de la crisis ambiental, obliga a ir más allá de la noción clásica de la militarización de la sociedad. El hecho que los militares estén al frente de la crisis ambiental pone en cuestión principios referentes a la soberanía y autonomía territorial que extrapola aspectos como el derecho, la cultura territorial y las formas políticas autónomas de organización territorial, desarrolladas históricamente por las comunidades urbanas, rurales, indígenas y campesinas. La securitización ambiental, promueve una especie de ecointervencionismo militar con grandes impactos en la gestión democrática del territorio y la crisis ambiental en general, en un marco de vulneración de derechos internacionales, como el Convenido 169 de la OIT, entre otros.

En el caso del Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental, la securitización ambiental se manifiesta en tres grandes categorías: emergencias ambientales, ecocidio o crímenes contra la naturaleza y el terrorismo territorial por el narcotráfico, a través de acciones unilaterales del Consejo de Seguridad Nacional y Defensa. Esta intervención verde pone en fuerte crisis el concepto más básico de soberanía territorial, que, en el marco de un amplio proceso de defensa ecológica el uso preventivo de la fuerza en respuesta a un daño ambiental inmediato influye hacia el territorio de las personas víctimas de la crisis ambiental. En conclusión, la securitización ambiental requiere de un análisis más amplio a la luz del derecho internacional y de la dinámica de los actores sociales que resguardan el territorio.

El Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental y la falta de participación de las organizaciones y movimientos sociales

En el actual abordaje de la crisis climática y ambiental, las organizaciones sociales y movimientos socioterritoriales han sido relejados. Lo anterior abre un escenario crítico para la gestión ambiental, ya que la experiencia hondureña indica que las políticas ambientales cuando son dictadas desde los centros de poder no logran el impacto esperado, debido a una serie de limitaciones institucionales, burocráticas y comunicacionales. Por otro lado, la presencia de los militares en el proceso abre un proceso de vulneración de derechos humanos y territoriales, ya que diversos focos de ecocidios ambientales se centran en espacios territoriales donde existe presencia de comunidades indígenas y campesinas, ante los procesos de concesión territorial otorgados en el régimen de Juan Orlando Hernández.

Desde una perspectiva territorial la crisis climática y ambiental, se viene abordando desde la propuesta de la economía política del cambio climático. Esta propuesta consiste en emprender medidas encaminadas a desarrollar cambios profundos en los modelos económicos territoriales priorizando los siguientes elementos: transición energética, justicia fiscal progresiva, protagonismo de las organizaciones sociales y sociedad civil, justicia climática y ambiental y la ambientalización de la sociedad en sus diferentes niveles (Josep Roca, 2019). En esa dirección, la justicia climática y ambiental encuentra un punto de encuentro en el territorio, comprendido como un espacio social de interacción y encuentro de diversos actores que se disputan el control de los bienes comunes naturales y la representación social del desarrollo económico y social.

Para lo anterior es importante que las políticas ambientales refuercen la idea de gobernanza territorial, como mecanismo democrático para la resolución de conflictos y la identificación de medidas para enfrentar la crisis climática y ambiental. En Honduras sobresalen importantes experiencias de gobernanza territorial en relación a la gestión del agua y el bosque, que pueden servir de punto de partida para que la a actual crisis ambiental y climática se gestione de manera democrática y abra nuevos causes para el desarrollo territorial rural y urbano. Es por esto, que es importante que las comisiones que se van a conformar en el marco del Decreto de Emergencia Ambiental prioricen el enfoque de la economía del cambio climático y la gobernanza territorial.

Referencias bibliográficas

Arias, Asier, La batalla por las ideas tras la pandemia: Crítica del liberalismo verde. Editorial Catarata, Madrid, 2020.

Gudynas, Eduardo, Tan cerca y tan lejos de las alternativas al desarrollo: Planes, programas y pactos en tiempos de pandemia. Centro Americano de Ecología Social (CLAES), Perú, 2020.

Vasques, Juan Pablo, La securitización ambiental en los aliados de Estados Unidos y el Consejo de Seguridad Nacional, Capitulo 2, en, La Geopolítica ambiental de Estados Unidos y sus aliados del norte global: Implicaciones para América Latina. CLACSO, Buenos Aires, 2022.

Roca, José, Crisis climática: la eclosión actual entre ecologismo y capitalismo. Editorial Otaedro, España, 2019.

[1] Egresado de la Escuela de Sociología y Trabajo Social de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). Pasante de la Maestría en Desarrollo Territorial-Rural, en la Facultad Latinoamérica de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO-ECUADOR).

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shivshaktimachtech · 6 months ago

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le-souriant · 7 months ago

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#MusicMonday Review - December 2023

#MusicMonday is the hashtag I've been using for quite a while to share music recommendations from up-and-coming artists. Always fresh, and always different, trying to look for trends before they become one. You can check November's review for more music.

This is it. The end of 2023. Twelve months of new music, and new horizons from all over the world. Give it one last listen, with a word from the artists themselves. 🎧

The Height – One to Another

And he sits on his own some days but everyone know the games he plays

Our last trip of the year begins in the City of Salford, England, with a teenage Indie trio expressing what being an outsider, and not fitting in, may sound like:

"I was just listening to a lot of The Charlatans, Supergrass and then I ended up writing this one!"

The New Cut – From the Overpass

Who d'you wanna be tonight? Maybe they'd like the guy with the mask The view looks good tonight I can see my house From the overpass

Better re-run T-Shirt and I can see some so me first I'm a bird I'm all set in two words I'm indebted

We move south to Bristol, still in England, for a Lo Fi Post Punk track about the struggles of making ends meet. You take yours and I'll take mine:

"I think thematically the track represents the complexities of modern life in their simplest forms and how overwhelming that can be.

We were moving to Totterdown at the time and I had a lot of experiences relating to what it’s like being a student in the city. I was living as cheaply as possible and dealing with a lot of physical and mental illness that put me out of work. Orange juice seemed expensive at the time and the idea of spending money at a cafe seemed untouchable in that moment.

The pre chorus for me represents an idolized view of life - usually brought about by social media, usually Americanized in my experience as well.

The overpass is in someways a metaphor for taking the time to step back and see these complexities from a distance. The man made structure of an overpass creates this idea of having to step away from modern humanity whilst using the inescapable foundations of modern life at the same time."

Fede Scaglioni – Luna y estrellas

Sus ojos verdes como el mar Y se reía sin parar Y yo loco por ella

Cada momento sigue ahí Y en cada luna vuelve a mi Y aún la veo brillar

El mismo cielo sigue ahí Llega la brisa de ese Abril Que compartí con ella

From Montevideo, Uruguay, we get a Latin Pop love song where the moon, the stars, and time leave marks on your skin so you'll never forget:

"The inspiration came along one night I was let new ideas flow and out of the sudden I came across with the returning to stages of Tan Bionica. That notice sparked my inspiration and I found myself merging with the spirit to write a romantic and nostalgic song.

Chano and Tan Bionica’s music has been always around and in some way that energy influenced me to come up with this pop/rock song. Many people told me that it has Beatles and Oasis influences, and to be honest, who is not touched by those great bands that live inside us?"

Virgin Mary Disco – For Free

They tell you to talk, but nobody listens They want your thoughts, but not your condition You work so hard it’s only your nature Breaking your back, they gonna make sure

Sell all your time, and sleep through the weekend He’s making his dime while your body weakens When you work for him business is pleasure Family’s first, and labor is leisure

We fly now to Melbourne, Australia for a little bit of Garage Rock about progress in the modern world. Keep your head down, ain't nothing for free:

"The song is about the experience of employment in the modern workplace and capitalism. The lyrics for For Free came from my own mishearing of the song Making Flippy Floppy by Talking Heads. When Byrne sings ‘Business and pleasure, lie right to your face’, I always heard ‘Business IS pleasure’, a contradiction I could identify with, and the lyrics grew from there.

Many companies today present themselves as supportive, community environments (some may even be genuine in their pursuit), but at the end of the day they continue to thrive on a system based on the extraction of cheap resources and cheap labour, leaving us to pay the true cost of their greed."

Oh Romance – Kiss & Tell

Think you’ve got problems well look at mine You’re always runnin’ circles at the back of my mind Do what it takes to get close to you Do what it takes, I’ll give in to you

Never thought we’d make it anyway I was never one for makin’ mistakes Never thought we’d make it anyway I was never one to

Kiss and Tell

Our last stop of the year will be Glasgow, Scotland for an Alt Rock track about not telling details of private matters, don't you agree?

"The hook was created at a practice session, and it just stuck! The actual meaning of the song is always up for interpretation. Music is an art, and just like any piece of art, I like to hear what people take away from it, what they think the song is about or what it means to them.

Kiss & Tell could be about lost love, it could be about a past relationship gone sour. It is whatever the listener wants it to be, I think!"

#MusicMonday 2023

That's a wrap! We say goodbye to 2023 with this year's compilation. 101 titles from original artists covering all types of genres, representing the multiple trends independent artists are proud to establish. Have a listen:

Preview 2024 and much more on the complete Playlist:

#music #musicmonday #review #december #2023 #Spotify

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backonmybullship · 7 months ago

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Stop making everything about race, wtf is wrong with you. If you are POC you don't really care much about race. I'm from Chile/dark skin (black)/whatever you want to call me, and you pressing for this non existing narrative on the show, is so immature.

The rookie has so much portrayal of all individuals in a very truthful matter, so what if most of the castmates/characters are white/white passing? News flash, majority of Americans are white or look white. But I guess you already knew that, bc I'm going to take a wild guess and say you are American— since you care much about race and built in this out dated narratives because you just love being the whining centre of attention.

Vete a tocar grama/sal a tu patio y mira el sol o mejor aun crece un poco. Se te ve la cara verde de lo envidioso que sos. Haznos un favor a todos y pon otra cosa en la tele. Tienes derecho a opinar del show sin embargo no puedo poner calumnias, de 'hechos' que no son factuales. Estos personajes son mas que sus colores de piel, y si vos no puedes verlos mas de ahi pues ya el problema es tuyo. Para de ser racista. Por que si vos sos racista con un grupo de personas, pues igual sos para todos.

En fin. Bloquead@ estas.

Buenas noches racista!

Actually 50% of Los Angeles is Latino and that means that more of LA is black or Asian or native or anything else that's not white

Hollywood which is an industry I also work in as a crew member is still ridiculously dominated by white men. Especially the writers and directors. That's why shows like Abbott Elementary are such a big deal I've met Quinta and also the head writer Brittany while out on the picket line and thanked them for doing what they do and how they're changing this entire industry so yeah LA is majority non-white but somehow Hollywood isn't and you can tell how privileged and white by what they write.

My favorite part is that you wrote some of it in Spanish like I can't translate that.

I'm glad you got to vent. I've been on this website so long that anon messages like this literally do not phase me whatsoever. I'm going to answer you and then I'm going to continue to do what I do, I'm not going to change.

Imagine if people had some angry person like you in their inbox and then were so insecure that they changed for some rando on the internet? Nobody changes because you vented in their inbox, sorry that's not how that works. Like I wonder what your ideal outcome is for this I would like to know what you actually want to come from all of this?

Sorry you're having a bad day.

#This is actually really entertaining #anons do not bother me whatsoever I've been on this website for so long I do not give a fuck what you say at all #no one has ever gotten a message like this and then like changed?#Is that what you want do you want me to change

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jgmail · 1 year ago

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La política del decrecimiento: tecnología, ideología y lucha por el ecosocialismo

Entrevista a Gareth Dale, profesor de Historia y Política en la Brunel University London e investigador especializado en el análisis de la ideología del crecimiento.

Por Paul Fleckenstein

Fuentes: Viento sur

[El decrecimiento ha contribuido al despertar medioambiental del marxismo en las dos últimas décadas. Pero a diferencia de algunos decrecentistas que ven el crecimiento económico como el producto de factores psicológicos o culturales, o de una industrialización no teorizada, el marxismo puede -y debe- teorizar el paradigma del crecimiento como una ideología central de la sociedad capitalista, un mito complejo que presta ropaje democrático al impulso de acumulación. Paul Fleckenstein, miembro de Tempest, entrevista a Gareth Dale sobre la política del decrecimiento y la crítica de la ideología del crecimiento en la sociedad capitalista. Tempest]

Paul Fleckenstein: Gareth, ¿podrías presentarte tú mismo?

Gareth Dale: Soy profesor de política en una universidad de Londres. Mis investigaciones se centran principalmente en políticas ambientales y en la ideología del crecimiento económico. Milito en mi sindicato y en varias campañas políticas, así como en un pequeño grupo socialista, pese a que la falta de resonancia de las ideas socialistas radicales me quita el sueño alguna que otra noche.

¿Cómo explicarlo? Es interesante estar vivo en esta coyuntura, en la que, si el capitalismo sigue arrasando todo, existe un riesgo acumulativo de múltiples puntos de no retorno que nos hacen trastabillar en el camino hacia el exterminio de millones de especies, incluida tal vez la nuestra. Alternativamente, por supuesto, los movimientos radicales podrían construir y alcanzar una masa crítica, tirar del freno de emergencia y vislumbrar un sistema social diferente, basado en la solidaridad y la planificación, no en la acumulación compulsiva.

P. F.: De un salto has ido a parar directamente al meollo del momento peligroso en que nos hallamos y de la cuestión estratégica de cómo podemos abordar el reto y responder. Decenios de inacción no han hecho más que ampliar la magnitud de la destrucción, a pesar de la retórica verde de las elites.

G. D.: Yo añadiría: la inacción ha afectado a la ciencia climática y al discurso alrededor de la misma. Marginaron a quienes predijeron la terrible amplitud de la destrucción. A comienzos de la década de 2000, cuando empecé a leer sistemáticamente sobre estos temas, las mentes más agudas formulaban a menudo las predicciones más lúgubres. Podían ver cómo el peso del capital, de los Estados y de los intereses asociados a los combustibles fósiles distorsionan las lentes climatológicas, empujando las predicciones hacia el lado complaciente de la escala, en un intento de justificar la lentitud y parquedad de las reformas. Sus predicciones, a veces tachadas de catastrofismo, tenían en cuenta esas presiones, y con razón, como podemos ver ahora a la vista de las crestas montañosas en llamas. Las concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero están acelerándose incluso en la actualidad: no solo crecen y crecen, sino que su crecimiento es más rápido.

P. F.: Así es. Y todo esto marca el contexto en que surgen las alternativas propuestas ‒y en algunos casos adoptadas‒ por diversos movimientos, como crecimiento verde, justicia climática, el Green New Deal, ecosocialismo y el tema principal de nuestra entrevista, el decrecimiento. Esta última propuesta es más conocida en Europa que en EE UU. ¿Puedes explicar el concepto para quienes no están familiarizados con él?

G. D.: Cada una de estas alternativas abarcan amplios conjuntos de posiciones, muchas de las cuales muestran coincidencias. Sin embargo, mientras que el Green New Deal es en el fondo socialdemócrata, el decrecimiento es más próximo al socialismo utópico, al anarquismo y al populismo (en el sentido de los naródniki rusos). El decrecimiento es una posición ecopolítica asociada a un movimiento más bien difuso. Empezó a formularse a comienzos de la década de 2000 en Francia, una de las razones por las que es más conocida en Europa que en EE UU.

Otras razones incluyen la cultura más radicalmente capitalista de EE UU, que hace del decrecimiento una cima más difícil de escalar. Con su uso prolijo del avión, el consumo de carne y la dependencia del automóvil, además de la calefacción y refrigeración de esas casonas unifamiliares de los extrarradios, las emisiones per capita de gases de efecto invernadero duplican en EE UU los niveles de Europa. Pero si he calificado de difuso el movimiento decrecentista, debo añadir que está adquiriendo perfil, que su ala socialista es muy prominente y que además gana conversos también en EE UU, siendo el caso más reciente el de la revista marxista Monthly Review.

P. F.: Podemos retomar más adelante las cuestiones relativas al movimiento, pues me pregunto ante todo si podrías explicar cuáles son en tu opinión los planteamientos básicos del decrecimiento en relación con el crecimiento económico a expensas del planeta.

G. D.: En primer lugar, el decrecimiento considera que el crecimiento es consustancial al sistema capitalista y elabora una crítica al respecto. El crecimiento suele enriquecer a los propietarios de bienes y a los ricos, dejando atrás al resto de la población. Y las consecuencias ambientales del crecimiento continuo son desastrosas. Quienes abogan por el decrecimiento están en guardia frente a las fuerzas destructivas que surgen de lo que el marxismo denomina fuerzas productivas.

En segundo lugar, la crítica al crecimiento se basa firmemente en posiciones de izquierda: la profundización de la democracia, el feminismo y el antirracismo. En la medida en que su objetivo es reducir el consumo agregado, tiene en el punto de mira a los ricos y al mundo adinerado.

En tercer lugar, su crítica del capitalismo no se limita a las relaciones de propiedad (propiedad privada frente a propiedad nacionalizada), sino que abarca también la naturaleza y los fines de la tecnología y del consumo. El decrecentismo no acepta que las necesidades y deseos estén anclados en la naturaleza de las personas. Miran con ojo crítico la fabricación de necesidades.

Finalmente, el decrecentismo reconoce que la necesidad humana más básica es la de un planeta habitable. Sus defensores son más austeros, más lúcidos que la mayor parte de la izquierda al reconocer que para hacer frente a las múltiples crisis ambientales hará falta mucho más que la nacionalización del sector energético y que la inversión masiva en energía renovable y coches eléctricos. Exige una reducción extrema del consumo de energía y de la producción material, al menos en el mundo rico, una reducción que, por mucho que se centre en los mayores consumidores de energía, también afectará a la clase trabajadora, sobre todo en lo tocante al consumo de servicios como los viajes en avión y de bienes como la carne de vacuno. La idea del decrecentismo es que en un mundo de lujo público y suficiencia privada, con mayor igualdad y democracia, menos jerarquía y mucho más tiempo libre, algunos productos de consumo se caigan del menú.

P. F.: El decrecentismo rechaza el paradigma crecentista como motor de la política económica nacional, que equipara el progreso y el bienestar social con el aumento del producto interior bruto (PIB). Sin duda existe una ideología del crecimiento que está a favor de seguir como si nada, pero el crecimiento capitalista hunde sus raíces materiales en la propiedad privada, la clase, los mercados y la acumulación. Has mencionado el desarrollo de un ala socialista del decrecentismo, que incluye a Monthly Review. ¿Qué aporta el marxismo al decrecentismo, o qué aporta el decrecentismo al marxismo?

G. D.: El decrecentismo ha contribuido al despertar ambiental del marxismo a lo largo de los dos últimos decenios. Sin embargo, a diferencia de algunos decrecentistas que consideran que el crecimiento económico es fruto de factores psicológicos o culturales, o de una industrialización no teorizada, el marxismo puede ‒y debería‒ teorizar el paradigma del crecimiento como ideología fundamental de la sociedad capitalista, un mito complejo que presta ropaje democrático a la dinámica acumuladora. Pese a que en tiempos de Marx no se utilizaba el crecimiento en su sentido actual, no es difícil hallar en sus escritos una crítica del imperativo del crecimiento. Y seguidores del siglo pasado como Walter Benjamin, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, André Gorz y Cornelius Castoriadis desarrollaron ideas que, junto con las críticas romántica y religiosas de la modernidad industrial, constituyen la prehistoria del movimiento decrecentista.

La conexión entre la ideología del crecimiento y la acumulación de capital la ven con mayor claridad las y los marxistas que teorizan los regímenes chino y soviético como capitalistas de Estado. Si esos regímenes se consideran socialistas, la dinámica de crecimiento no sería característica del capitalismo. ¿Qué es entonces? No es una coincidencia que uno de los primeros pensadores que identificaron la ideología de la modernidad capitalista como fetichismo crecentista fue un teórico del capitalismo de Estado de Rusia, Mike Kidron, en el año 1966.

Estos son algunos aspectos teóricos que el marxismo puede aportar al decrecentismo, pero ¿qué decir de la práctica? Las corrientes marxistas alineadas con las tradiciones que fetichizan el crecimiento ‒la socialdemocracia, el estalinismo, el maoísmo‒ no simpatizan en su mayoría con la idea del decrecimiento. En cuanto a las y los leninistas, en el sentido que tiene el término para ti y para mí, pienso que nuestra función, además de participar activamente en campañas, consiste en crear un terreno común con fuerzas de izquierda tanto de la corriente descrecentista como de la del Green New Deal. Con unas compartimos el lenguaje de la aspiración utópica, la emancipación humana y la necesidad de aprender el respeto por el mundo natural. Con las otras compartimos el compromiso de impulsar la acción basada en los sindicatos a favor del empleo climático y de una transición justa.

P. F.: A veces, la izquierda muestra una aceptación acrítica de la tecnología capitalista. Bastaría con que se le diera un uso social en vez de dedicarla a obtener beneficios para que permitiera abordar el calentamiento global y tal vez otros problemas catastróficos asociados a los límites del planeta, como la destrucción de los ecosistemas naturales, el agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas y la contaminación por nitrógeno. La electrificación de todo, por ejemplo. ¿Qué tienen que decir de la permanente expansión de la minería colonial encaminada a extraer metales y productos químicos complejos que se precisan para implantarla? Y quienes defienden la energía nuclear, ¿qué tienen que decir de la proliferación de armas y residuos nucleares y de los peligros de la minería de combustible? ¿Pueden hablar de la transición a una sociedad ecosocialista y de hasta qué punto tecnologías altamente productivas, digamos, en la agricultura o la industria manufacturera, pueden aplicarse para fines sociales y no para generar beneficios? ¿Justo cuando se precisa más pensamiento radical sobre tecnologías diferentes, aún más intensivas en mano de obra?

G. D.: “Aceptación acrítica”, eso es, exactamente. En mi opinión, el fetichismo tecnológico es un elemento central de la ideología capitalista, de las fantasías a través de las cuales nos reconciliamos con este sistema brutal y desquiciado. Hallamos esperanza, incluso asombro, en el estilo tecnocéntrico con el que el capital y sus acólitos hacen ver que se enfrentan a la crisis ambiental. Su tecnooptimismo nos ofrece una zona de confort. Podemos seguir volando sin límites porque los aviones volarán con biocombustible y baterías. No hemos de preocuparnos por la quema de petróleo y gas porque la magia tecnológica capturará y almacenará todo el carbono. La navegación marítima sustituirá los hidrocarburos como el hidrógeno. En cuanto a la electricidad, podemos intensificar la fisión nuclear y ¿por qué no apostar también por la fusión nuclear?

La fábrica de noticias produce masivamente notas de prensa de las empresas que difunden los últimos avances: árboles artificiales que absorben el carbono del aire, aviones que funcionan con hidrógeno, etc. Puede que algún día lejano esas cosas funcionen, pero de momento no son más que sueños escapistas de un mundo en que las tecnologías son propiedad del capital, hechas a su imagen y desarrolladas con el fin de generar ganancias y ventajas militares. El mito tecnocrático es que la descarbonización debe basarse en la invención y el despliegue de nuevas tecnologías, rebajando el potencial de la aplicación de las tecnologías existentes y del cambio del sistema social. Nos hacen creer que esas nuevas tecnologías pueden incrementarse simplemente de escala y aplicarse.

Es una mentalidad que refleja nuestra propia condición alienada. Cuando queremos un producto, simplemente pulsamos un botón y como por arte de magia nos lo traen a la puerta de casa en menos de 24 horas. La prehistoria de trabajo y naturaleza del producto ‒la extracción de minerales, la producción, la distribución, etc.‒ están más lejos que nunca.

Veamos unos cuantos ejemplos. Uno es la energía nuclear. Es una industria sumamente centralizada y opaca, un subproducto de la carrera de armamentos, del mismo modo que la fusión nuclear también está estrechamente relacionado con la guerra. Las centrales de fisión generan electricidad cara y residuos peligrosos. Lo lógico sería que la amenaza de un ataque con misiles contra la central nuclear ucraniana de Zaporishya acelerara el abandono de la energía nuclear, pero lo cierto es que la guerra campa a sus anchas, supuestamente por motivos de seguridad energética, incluso entre socialistas.

Aunque pasemos por alto los residuos y el riesgo de daños causados por la guerra, como mínimo deberíamos hacer cuentas. Si el nivel de consumo per capita actual de EE UU se extendiera por todo el mundo (¿acaso no somos internacionalistas?) y se alimentara a partir de centrales nucleares, habría que multiplicar su número por 88. Para visualizar esto, si el número actual de centrales en todo el mundo es de 440, habría que aumentarlo a 38.720, y si además el modelo contempla un crecimiento del PIB, habría que seguir escalando. Incluso si se piensa que la energía nuclear solo debería representar, digamos, una cuarta parte de la energía mundial, el aumento debería ser de varios cientos a casi 10.000 centrales nucleares, situadas en su mayoría a orillas de mares cuyo nivel no deja de subir.

¿Y qué hay del hidrógeno? Hay mucho ruido en torno a su potencial verde, pero la mayor parte del hidrógeno se produce mediante un proceso que emite enormes cantidades de carbono. Menos del 1 % de la producción de hidrógeno es azul, y tan solo el 0,04 % es verde. El hidrógeno azul es un timo para prolongar las perforaciones en busca de petróleo y gas, con montones de fugas de metano y probablemente del dióxido de carbono que se “capturará y almacenará”. Lo que vemos son los intereses del combustible fósil que utilizan el hidrógeno como arma de márketing. Sus campañas de publicidad y su labor de presión comprenden una sustancia sumamente ficticia, el hidrógeno azul, como “puente” bajo en carbono para una imprecisa transición verde en el futuro. El motivo ulterior es contrarrestar y confundir al creciente movimiento contra las perforaciones en busca de petróleo y gas.

O hablemos de la aviación. Hay mucho bombo en torno a los aviones eléctricos, pero estos solo pueden funcionar con pequeños aeroplanos y en cortas distancias. Los biocombustibles sirven, pero compiten con los cultivos de alimentos. Los combustibles de aviación sostenibles (Sustainable Aviation Fuels, SAF) también funcionan, pero no son ninguna varita mágica. En el Reino Unido, una empresa ha conseguido convertir residuos en SAF. Sin embargo, me entrevisté con ella y después hice el cálculo. Incluso si pudiéramos recoger todos los residuos municipales y de las empresas del Reino Unido, la producción anual de SAF no superaría el par de millones de toneladas, mucho menos que la cantidad de combustible consumida todos los años por los aviones en los aeropuertos británicos.

De ahí que una serie de ingenieros serios, quienes contemplan la situación en su conjunto y no exclusivamente la tecnología de que se trate, sostienen que la industria aeronáutica tiene que cerrar en lo esencial: se puede leer en el informe Absolute Zero del grupo de investigación UK FIRES. No son marxistas ni decrecentistas; son ingenieros e ingenieras que se toman en serio la Ley de Cambio Climático del Reino Unido, que obliga al gobierno a dirigir la economía hacia el cero neto de aquí a 2050. Calculan que si se pretende alcanzar este objetivo, es preciso cerrar todos los aeropuertos británicos, salvo los de Glasgow y Heathrow, para el año 2030, y probablemente también estos dos en 2050, y solo entonces, si se dispone de nuevas tecnologías y masas de electricidad renovable, podría procederse a la reapertura de algunos.

Un último ejemplo es el de los vehículos eléctricos. Con respecto a estos productos debemos preguntar: ¿son la clave de una transición verde o simplemente una nueva mercancía que permita que siga rodando la rueda de la acumulación, para asegurar que cada conductor o conductora trasladen dos toneladas de metales y plásticos a dondequiera que vayan, mientras los gobiernos siguen marginando alternativas que reduzcan la demanda de viajes o expandan el transporte público y los carriles bici? Y ¿de dónde sacan la energía los vehículos eléctricos? De baterías, o sea, del litio.

Echemos mano nuevamente de la calculadora. Si se sustituyera la flota automovilística del mundo por vehículos eléctricos, las reservas de litio del planeta se agotarían o bien la extracción del fondo marino llenaría los océanos de residuos. Gran parte de esta actividad reproduce relaciones de imperialismo extractivista. Véase por ejemplo el intento de Alemania de extraer litio de Bolivia. Los tecnofetichistas dirán que “el litio se descubrió como producto químico para las baterías en la década de 1990. Dentro de diez años se habrá descubierto uno nuevo”. Es posible, pero no podemos hacer depender el futuro del planeta de esta clase de especulación.

Estas son cuestiones en las que ecosocialistas y decrecentistas deberían estar de acuerdo. El planteamiento implica insistir tanto en el cierre en los países ricos como en la nueva construcción. Claro que existe una urgente necesidad de más conexiones eléctricas y agua limpia en el Sur global ‒aunque también en el Norte‒ para sacar de la pobreza a millones de personas. Evidentemente, algunos sectores habrán de crecer, pero en los países grandes consumidores de energía es preciso cerrar casi completamente la aviación, así como prescindir de la carne de vacuno y reducir drásticamente el uso del automóvil y de energía en general.

Podemos encontrar cierta inspiración perversa en los EE UU del periodo de guerra. Perversa en el sentido de que todo programa serio de decrecimiento o ecosocialista ha de ser antimilitarista. Pienso más bien en las cosas que expone Mike Davis en su ensayo Home-Front Ecology. Davis relata cómo la vida cotidiana en EE UU cambió durante la segunda guerra mundial. Se abandonaron los coches y se pasó a usar la bicicleta, la gente levantó el pavimento de hormigón de los patios de sus casas para plantar hortalizas. Hoy podemos imaginar cómo la agroecología transforma los extrarradios.

El típico césped, por ejemplo. Actualmente es un monocultivo que se mantiene sin vida mediante herbicidas y plaguicidas. En su lugar, ajardinémoslo, dejemos que brote la vida, plantemos frutales y flores, y en este proceso transformaremos nuestra relación con la naturaleza. Habría más trabajo, pero se produciría una gran cantidad de alimentos, y encima a escala local, sin necesidad de transporte, conservantes, etc. Esto requiere menos tecnología en el sentido usual del término.

Empresas de alta tecnología como Bayer ‒fabricante del plaguicida Roundup‒ verían sus beneficios caer en picado. Pero esto favorecería el desarrollo de lo que el marxismo llama fuerzas productivas. Estas no se centran en la tecnología per se, sino en los conocimientos y las capacidades humanas. Si multiplicamos el ejemplo del césped de las casas unifamiliares del extrarradio podemos imaginar cómo se sustituirá la agricultura industrial por la agroecología y la agrosilvicultura, una transformación que mitigaría notablemente el cambio climático, incrementaría la oferta, la diversidad y la resiliencia de los cultivos, y en general comenzaría a superar la “antítesis entre la ciudad y el campo”. Libros como Braiding Sweetgrass están repletos de sugerencias sobre la manera en que podríamos revolucionar nuestra relación con el mundo natural.

P. F.: Quisiera concluir con algunas palabras sobre la estrategia ecosocialista. Tempest entrevistó hace unos meses a David Camfield, autor de Future on Fire. David destacó, a mi juicio con razón, la importancia de los movimientos de masas y de la lucha por conseguir los cambios económicos y sociales necesarios para hacer frente al calentamiento global. Tú has criticado a una corriente predominante en la política decrecentista radical, el localismo, es decir, el hecho de centrarse en cooperativas, reformas municipales y ayuda mutua. ¿Cómo ves los objetivos del decrecimiento en relación con el reto de construir luchas y movimientos de masas y de hacer frente al poder del Estado?

G. D.: Que quede claro que en mi ensayo publicado en Spectre no pretendía formular una crítica general al localismo. Como puedes ver por mis comentarios sobre los jardines y la horticultura, toda tansición ecosocialista implicará la localización de la producción, particularmente de los alimentos. Mi crítica se refiere más bien a quienes, aun criticando con acritud las tendencias de los sindicatos y los socialdemócratas por conformarse con las exigencias del sistema, preconizan una política de decrecimiento en sus formas municipalista y cooperativa. Sin embargo, en este terreno, como en el de los sindicatos, el reto está en actuar de manera que podamos construir movimientos de masas capaces de abrir vías para romper las estructuras existentes.

Del mismo modo que quienes abogan por el Green New Deal pueden aprender el movimiento decrecentista, este debería poner más el acento en la lucha de clases. El crecimiento contra el que luchan es estructural, endémico de un sistema gobernado por una clase de magnates que resultan ser también ávidos consumidores. Nos hallamos en un periodo caracterizado por una amplia conciencia antisistema, pero la lucha antisistema solo cobrará impulso real si es capaz de unir las luchas obreras tradicionales por salarios y condiciones de trabajo con las luchas contra la opresión y la guerra y por la democratización, el medio ambiente, etc.

Así, por ejemplo, en mi lugar de trabajo, una universidad, ahora mismo estoy participando en una lucha sindical por una cuestión salarial y de condiciones laborales, pero también, junto con un grupo de colegas, presionamos a la dirección para que actúe en cuestiones de sostenibilidad. Propusimos ‒con éxito‒ que cuando la universidad paga nuestros viajes a conferencias, insista en que utilicemos medios de trasporte terrestres en vez de aéreos, al menos para distancias cortas.

La cuestión es que debemos hacer más por definir colectivamente cuáles son las necesidades humanas en la época del colapso climático. Demasiado a menudo, todo lo relacionado con el consumo se contempla de un modo dicotómico: la culpabilización moralizante frente al todos queremos más. Hay marxistas que combinan esto último con el hecho de que Marx ensalzara la continua expansión de las necesidades humanas, pero ambas cosas no son lo mismo. Lo que a veces se considera un prometeísmo en Marx es, en última instancia, la fe en la capacidad de la especie humana para definir colectivamente y volver a definir continuamente su propio ser especie, incluida su relación con el medio ambiente. Esta confianza en la capacidad de la humanidad de redefinirse radicalmente es perfectamente compatible con el movimiento decrecentista, al menos en su flanco izquierdo. De hecho, en la época de la crisis climática, la supervivencia de la especie dependerá de esta redefinición.

Texto original: Tempest

Traducción: viento sur

Fuente: https://vientosur.info/la-politica-del-decrecimiento-tecnologia-ideologia-y-lucha-por-el-ecosocialismo/

#decrecimiento #ecología

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detroitpigout · 2 years ago

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#eljalapenoallenpark #tacotuesday #alambrefries #cubantorta #chicharonensalsaverde #quesofundido #mexicantown2 #downriverfriendseat

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hakesbros · 2 years ago

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Home Mortgage Loans & Financing

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rjzimmerman · 6 years ago

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Excerpt from this EcoWatch story:

The party that won the most votes in Spain's national election Sunday campaigned on a Green New Deal.

The country's Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) won the largest number of parliamentary seats, at 123, though it fell short of the 176 needed to form a government. It will likely form a coalition government with the anti-austerity Unidas Podemos and smaller regional parties, The Guardian reported.

One of the ways the PSOE hopes to move forward is on the environment. Sánchez endorsed the idea of a Green New Deal, called "El New Deal Verde" or "El Green New Deal de España" in Spain, in January, according to The Intercept.

His party introduced a climate bill before the election that includes the following goals:

Reducing greenhouse emissions to 90 percent of 1990 levels by 2050

Transitioning to renewable energy completely by the same date and getting 74 percent of energy from renewables by 2030

Banning fracking

Divesting from and ending government subsidies for fossil fuels

Banning the registration and sale of gas-burning vehicles by 2040

Spain's Minister for Ecological Transition Teresa Ribera praised New York Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez for emphasizing both the social and ecological benefits of fighting climate change.

"One of the main elements of her speeches that we fully share," Ribera told The Intercept, is that "we cannot have sectoral environmental and social agendas. Climate justice and the recognition of climate injustice is very important."

#Spain #Spain elections #Green New Deal #El New Deal Verde

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libramc · 4 years ago

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❤️ How to predict WHERE you're going to meet your future spouse through Astrology ❤️

hi guys! in today's post I'm going to show you how to find out where you'll meet your future spouse through your birth chart. this technique was discovered by the astrologer Kapiel Raaj, and it's based on vedic astrology. hence, you're going to need your sidereal birth chart to calculate this. if you already know how to do that, you can skip this part.

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first of all, go to astro.com > horoscope and then click on extended chart selection.

add your birth data by clicking on the 'add a new person' button. it's necessary to have your accurate birth time for this, as it's based on your ascendant.

then scroll down and click on options for zodiac and houses. choose the whole signs house system and then click on sidereal. after that, choose 'hindu/lahiri' on the ayanamsha button.

after you've calculated your chart, it will be something like this (this is angelina jolie's sidereal birth chart):

to calculate where you're going to meet your spouse, we need to first of all take a look at the 7th house lord, which is the planet that rules your 7th house. in this chart it is saturn, as she has capricorn in her 7th house. now that you know what is your 7th house lord, look at where it's placed in your chart. also, keep in mind that since this is a sidereal technique, we're only going to take in consideration traditional rulers, therefore aquarius is ruled by uranus, pisces by jupiter and scorpio by mars. angelina has her saturn in gemini in the 12th house. the opposite sign indicates the circumstances or directly the place where you're going to meet your spouse. in this chart, it is sagittarius. keep reading for an explanation of each sign!!

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♈️ aries opposite 7th house lord ♈️

you're going to meet your spouse when doing some sort of physical activity. you may meet them at the gym, or maybe at a sport event like a football match. you could even meet them just by taking a casual walk, and it could be love at first sight. you two may also meet in a place where there's lots of noise and action, maybe even danger, probably not in a quiet place. places that are ruled by aries are palestine, england, hong kong, germany, poland, syria, israel, lithuania, senegal, sierra leone and zimbabwe. as for cities, we have birmingham, cape town, leicester, florence, krakow, naples, utrecht, marseilles and georgia.

♉️ taurus opposite 7th house lord ♉️

taurus loves the finer things in life, so if you have this sign opposite your 7th house lord you may meet your spouse during your chill time. for instance, you may meet them at a spa, at the mall, at the beach... anything that symbolizes relax for you. in addition, taurus also rules finances, therefore you could meet them in a bank or in any place or circumstance where you have to deal with finances, even in a shop for example. also, since taurus rules over the throat and the voice, you may meet at a place where there's singing for instance, or at least there's music playing in the background. last but not least, being an earth sign, taurus opposing your 7th house lord may also indicate that you're going to meet your future spouse in a place where there's lots of green, maybe at the park or in a forest. places that are ruled by taurus are cyprus, tasmania, ireland, capri, rhodes, the greek iIslands, cuba, east timor, serbia, tanzania, south africa and yemen. as for cities, we have lucerne, eastbound, eastbourne, hastings, palermo, leipzig, st. louis and dublin.

♊️ gemini opposite 7th house lord ♊️

with gemini opposing your 7th house lord, you may meet your future spouse through socializing. you could meet them through your friends or through your siblings, maybe they're a sibling of a friend of yours. you could also meet them during short-distance trips, so maybe in a city near you or even on a train, on a bus, etc. communication is going to be involved, and hence you could even meet them at an event where there's the need to talk and / or write. possibly, you may as well meet him online or in school. places that are ruled by gemini include iceland, sardinia, morocco, belgium, wales, eritrea, guyana, kuwait, norway, montenegro, sweden and tonga. as for cities, we have nuremberg, tripoli, san francisco, london, melbourne, plymouth and cardiff.

♋️ cancer opposite 7th house lord ♋️

if cancer is opposing your 7th house lord, then you could have possibly known your future spouse since your childhood. you could have met a school, or to talk in a more general way you may be from the same city. possibly, you could as well meet in a place where there are children, or where there's food. in addition, since cancer is ruled by the moon, you could meet in a place where there's moon symbolism. maybe during a full or new moon. perhaps, you're going to meet near water as well, as cancer is a water sign. places that are ruled by cancer include usa, paraguay, scotland, holland, the bahamas bahrain belize, burundi, cape verde, columbia, comoros, democratic republic of the congo croatia djibouti, kiribati laos, liberia, madagascar, malawi mozambique, rwanda, slovenia solomon islands, algeria, somalia, and south korea. as for cities, we have manchester, new york, stockholm, tokyo, venice, york, amsterdam and milan.

♌️ leo opposite 7th house lord ♌️

with the sign of leo opposing your 7th house lord, you’re likely to meet your future spouse in a place where there’s fun. it could be at a party, during a vacation, at a bar, a restaurant... certainly not at work, that’s for sure. you’ll meet your spouse in a situation of relax, not of stress. since leo also rules celebrities, you may even meet them in a place where there are famous people, like a concert for instance. countries ruled by leo are afghanistan, india, italy, macedonia, romania, sicily, ecuador, zanzibar, bhutan, bolivia, central african republic chad, the ivory coast, gabon, indonesia, north korea, south korea, kyrgyzstan, malaysia, maldives, nicaragua, pakistan, mongolia, seychelles, singapore, ukraine and madagascar. as for cities, we have bristol, bombay, chicago, madrid, los angeles, philadelphia, rome and bath.

♍️ virgo opposite 7th house lord ♍️

virgo rules over health, and hence you may meet your future spouse in a health-related place. it could be at the doctor’s, at the dentist’s, in a hospital, etc. virgo is also routine, so you may meet your future spouse in a typical day of yours. it could be at the supermarket, at work, while you’re walking your dog, at the gym, and so on. basically, it could be that your future spouse is going to casually approach you in the streets. countries ruled by virgo include crete, brazil, greece, switzerland, turkey, uruguay, west indies, armenia, azerbaijan, belarus, brazil, costa rica, el salvador estonia guatemala, honduras, mali, moldova, qatar and tajikistan. as for cities we have athens, paris, toulouse, corinth, lyons, boston and mexico city.

♎️ libra opposite 7th house lord ♎️

if you have libra opposing your 7th house lord, you may get to meet your spouse in a place that has to do with beauty, so maybe in a clothes shop or at a salon. you may also meet them in a place where there are many people, or even at some sort of event like a marriage. libra also rules over politics and justice, so maybe you could meet them at the courthouse or during election time. countries that are ruled by libra include france, tibet, argentina, austria, burma, canada, china, japan, siberia, botswana, equatorial guinea, fiji, iraq, israel, lesotho, nigeria, palau, saint lucia, saudi arabia, tuvalu and uganda. as for cities that are ruled by libra we have lisbon, frankfurt, copenhagen, johannesburg, nottingham and antwerp.

♏️ scorpio opposite 7th house lord ♐️

scorpio is the sign of darkness, hence if you have it opposing your 7th house lord you may get to meet your spouse during nighttime. scorpio is also about sex, so this relationship could start off as a one night stand, or maybe you may meet in a place where sex is involved. you could also meet them in a place that has to do with death or where there's death symbolism, such as a graveyard (I hope not tho lol💀). you two may also be transforming yourselves when you meet, you could be starting a new chapter of your life to leave toxicity behind your shoulders. you could also meet at a place where you need to be naked, such as a beach or at the spa, or again in a place related to finances and money. countries that are ruled by scorpio include angola, morocco, queensland, korea, syria, norway, the transvaal, bavaria, antigua, barbuda, cambodia, dominica, latvia, lebanon, micronesia, panama, turkey, turkmenistan and zambia. cities that are ruled by scorpio include cincinnati, liverpool, newcastle, washington, vienna, baltimore and new orleans.

♐️ sagittarius opposite 7th house lord ♐️

sagittarius rules over foreign lands, so if you have it opposite your 7th house lord you're most likely going to meet your future spouse abroad. or perhaps, they are foreign and they travel to your country. you may also meet them in a place related to foreign culture, so maybe in a place filled with tourists, or perhaps in an exotic restaurant, perhaps at a sushi bar if you're not japanese for example. it may also be time for you for new experiences, perhaps you're doing something for the first time, such as trying a new sport or taking a plane. you may also meet your future spouse in college or in university, or in general in a place where there's teaching of any kind. last but not least, sagittarius is also a very spiritual sign, so you could meet them in a church, or maybe at an event related to religion such as a marriage, a baptism, etc. countries that are ruled by sagittarius include spain, australia, chile, hungary, saudi arabia, bangladesh, barbados, cameroon, kazakhstan, kenya, libya and mauritania. cities that are ruled by sagittarius include budapest, johannesburg, naples, nottingham, sheffield, sunderland, stuttgart and toronto.

♑️ capricorn opposite 7th house lord ♑️

capricorn is ruled by saturn, the planet of responsibilities, therefore if you have this sign opposing your 7th house lord you'll most likely meet your spouse on your workplace. perhaps they're your boss or a co-worker of yours, or maybe they may even be a customer of yours. you'll surely meet them later in life, when you're at least 27/28 years old, or perhaps when you manage to accomplish something really big in your life, not necessarily career-related. countries that are ruled by capricorn include india, bulgaria, mexico, great britain, albania, afghanistan, lithuania, bosnia, brunei, czech republic, haiti, nauru, slovakia and sudan. as for cities that are ruled by capricorn we have brandenburg, brussel, delhi, mexico city, port said, oxford and ghent.

♒️ aquarius opposite 7th house lord ♒️

you may meet your spouse in any place that has to do with electricity, for instance at a movie theater, at a theme park, at an apparel store, and so on. perhaps even on a public transport, such as a train, a taxi or a plane. also, since we're talking about electricity we can also count on internet, therefore if you have aquarius opposing your 7th house lord you have high chances of meeting your future spouse on social media, such as twitter, instagram, etc. or even through dating apps, such as tinder. last but not least, you may also be introduced to your spouse by your friends, or perhaps they could be a part of your group of friends. you may be both best friends and lovers, you would have a very playful and youthful relationship. countries that are ruled by aquarius include iran, finland, new zealand, russia, sweden, syria, ethiopia, the holy vatican city and sri lanka. cities that are ruled by aquarius include brighton, hamburg, helsinki, moscow, salzburg, st. petersburg and bremen.

♓️ pisces opposite 7th house lord ♓️

if you have pisces opposite your 7th house lord, you may first of all meet your future spouse near water. therefore you could meet them at the beach, at an aquarium, at the lake, at the pool, etc. perhaps even at a restaurant that serves seafood and fish, such as a sushi bar. pisces is also about alcohol, therefore you may also meet them in a bar or at a party where there's alcohol. pisces also rules over art and images, therefore you could meet them in a place where there are lots of pictures and paintings, such as a museum, or perhaps even at the movie theater, at a concert, etc. the club would be an option too, as it combines both alcohol and dancing, two pisces related things. also, it could be very late at night, when you're supposed to be sleeping, or perhaps, you're just sleepy or even drunk. last but not least, this placement usually indicates a soulmate or twinflame connection, therefore you may even meet your spouse first in the 5D than in the 3D, perhaps you feel spiritually connected to them even if you haven't met them yet. you could very likely dream of them as well. lastly, pisces is also about healing, so your future spouse may either work in the medicine field or maybe they're some sort of spiritual healer. you could possibly also meet them at the church or in a temple. countries that are ruled by pisces include normandy, north africa, portugal, samoa, egypt, Scandinavia, mauritius, morocco, namibia and tunisia. cities that are ruled by pisces include warsaw, alexandria, grimsby, jerusalem, bournemouth, seville and cowes.

and this is it! let me know in the comments where you're going to meet your spouse, and if you've already met them feel free to say if this post resonated with your experience!

follow me for more,

libramc xx

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loving-jack-kelly · 4 years ago

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yoooo i finished white collar last night after u were talking abt it and binging like the whole damn thing in a few weeks so tysm for the rec!! 🙏 very much garbage (affectionate) which is exactly what i needed 😅 what are ur thoughts on the ending tho? i didn’t get it— like i like that it was a bit of a “...“ ending but /spoilers neal ditching nyc and his friends, esp after the outcome of the cape verde arc, seemed like it didn’t end his character arc well? and ig i get faking ur death to avoid the pink panthers’ wrath, but why keep it from peter or mozzie? and only for a yr?? for the Drama?? 😅

caterpillar anon look away spoilers ahead lmao

I actually love the ending! I think it made a lot of sense with Neal's character because the entire Panthers storyline kept hammering in the fact that they wouldn’t just go after the mole, they’d go after everyone the mole cared about. I think that it’s been made really clear through the entire show starting with the Kate arc that Neall would go through hell and back for the people he cares about. Like he was willing to put himself back in jail for another four years just for the slight possibility of seeing Kate again, and that was all the way back in season one.

Through the entire show, you get to see Neal letting the people around him in and dropping his walls around them more and more. From the start of the show, it’s obvious how much faith Neal has in Mozzie, and by the sixth season, it’s clear they consider each other family. The Burkes, too, Neal has solidly and completely added to his life. He would do anything to keep them safe. All the way back in season three he was willing to give up the treasure and get himself sent back to prison to keep Elizabeth safe, and they’re even closer by the time Neal and Peter bring down the Panthers.

Neal doesn’t have anything to gain by faking his own death. It’s not like he’s sitting on a treasure like he used to be, and it’s not like he really benefits from escaping, because he had an ironclad release contract that he knows would have been honored. But he has a lot to lose if the Panthers realize it was him and not Keller who ultimately sold them out. Sure, there’s a good chance that might not happen, but if it does, and they send somebody after Mozzie or Peter or Elizabeth or the baby, he would never be able to forgive himself. To him, it’s a lose-lose situation. Stay in New York a free man and either lose the people he cares about or never be able to stop looking over his shoulder in case they’re after him or leave everyone behind knowing that they’re safe. And fundamentally, Neal isn’t a selfish person. He’d rather everyone be safe without him, even if it hurts to leave him behind, than stay and be happy with an ever-looming danger over all their heads.

Back in season one, Neal might have chosen to stay and scheme around whatever the Panthers might plan, because back in season one Neal didn’t care about them as much as he’s grown to, and back in season one Neal still felt invincible. But he isn’t, and by season six, he loves Mozzie and the Burkes and even to some extent the entire white-collar division and has seen how dangerous his enemies can be and he can look at them and look at himself and know that if a group as powerful as the Panthers is gunning for the people he loves, he won’t be able to outsmart them. It took the full force of the FBI, Neal, and Mozzie to bring them down in the first place, and that was when they were playing subtle. The Panthers have nothing to lose now that they’ve been caught, so why should they keep playing subtle? They won’t, and Neal knows that his strengths are in the con, not in evading a bloodthirsty and very angry gang of very smart, very influential men.

Neal’s entire character arc has been realizing that sometimes, there are situations you can’t just charm your way out of. He’s dug himself into so many holes that he wouldn't have ever gotten out of if it weren’t for Peter and Mozzie, and now it’s his turn to get them out of the hole he’s accidentally dug for them. If the Panthers figure out who Neal is and what he’s done, he’s almost definitely sentenced all his loved ones to death. On the other hand, if they think he got himself killed as a direct result of what he pulled, why do they care? They figure out Neal is the mole, hear that Neal got himself killed while trying to make a getaway with the money he stole from them, they don’t look further into it because karma did their job for them, and they never go after Peter or find Mozzie or get anywhere near Elizabeth and the baby, and so they’re all safe.

As for why he kept it a secret for a year, I think it was out of necessity. Mozzie has proved that he’ll follow Neal no matter what. They’ve fully earned each others’ loyalty, and they’re a package deal. So if Mozzie knew right away, he would have been in Paris in an instant, and anybody who knew them would have been able to guess why. Peter would have tried to talk Neal out of it, tried to convince him that there was no danger and everything would be fine, and I genuinely think that if Peter had tried it would have worked, and Neal knew that too. He didn’t want to leave New York, but he felt like he had to, and part of that was keeping Peter in the dark so Peter couldn’t even try to convince him otherwise. I mean, in season two he admits that he almost stayed when Peter asked before the plane blew up, and that was long before they were at the point in their relationship they’re at by the end of season six.

Neal left Mozzie the clues because he did want to see Mozzie again, he just needed it to be far enough in the future that people wouldn’t connect the dots between his “death” and Mozzie’s sudden move to Europe. I also believe that Neal didn’t leave the bottle or tell Mozzie to leave the bottle for Peter, I think Mozzie realized that Peter wouldn’t turn on Neal now and would let him have his new life in Paris, but also wanted Peter to know that Neal wasn’t dead, because it’s clearly still affecting him and El (flashback to Neal playing with the ball anyone? like if u cry every time). Peter finding the storage container and seeing Neal’s plan all neatly laid out for anybody who found it to see is a clear departure from a Neal who would have wanted it to genuinely stay a secret. Looking at the wall of pictures and the clear plans, it’s obvious that he wanted whoever found it to know exactly what he’d done, and he trusted that when Mozzie (and eventually Peter) did find it, he’d keep it a secret and also figure out why Neal had done it.

Which, again, wasn’t selfishness, it was the exact opposite. Neal’s last big con wasn’t for money, or reputation, or to solve a crime, it was to protect the people he cares about.

#white collar #neal caffrey #i LOVE the finale it makes me cry so hard #and i just. i love it #i get why somebody wouldn't but god. i love it #white collar spoilers #neal caffrey's character arc is just. *chef's kiss*#i love him so so much #also ur right this is a garbage show and i love it SO much #eva-chi

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edsgsdg · 3 years ago

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stargategarageblog · 3 years ago

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Finding the Right Company For Automatic Gate Repair

Since the inception of the Industrial Revolution, storming advancements made in the field of automobiles, automatic gates and automatic gate repair have contributed a

lot in the convenience, comfort and the feeling of security of mankind. However, a breakthrough in security apparatus came when automatic gates were introduced in

1954. These sliding and swinging door were equipped with electronic mechanism which enable them to sense approaching traffic or movement and diminish the need to pull open the door to gain entry.

But as mentioned earlier, it is a machine and just like any other machine available on the face of the earth, it faces frequent wear and tear and thus, require

constant maintenance and repair. Automatic gate repair is not that complex and can be done just as you take care of any other door. But the difference lies in the

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Most of automatic doors detect approaching traffic with the help of infrared rays or remote sensing. Some other gates follow the command of a switch and offer power

assisted entry. Thus, it is advisable to call an expert from the company which installed the door. But in the case of their unavailability, there are hundreds of other

companies which can cater to your automatic door repair needs in an effective and efficient manner.

Let us begin our discussion with the cost factor. Broadly speaking, the cost of an automatic gate repair depends upon a number of factors such as the quality of the

service offered by the company, the level of problem, transportation cost that some companies might add to the final bill, time spend on the door and other similar

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around $400 to $450. You should not forget that unlike eggs, milk and newspaper, repairing don't have fixed charges. Thus, it is always advisable to look for price

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In an automatic gate, most of the problems occur in the detecting device. Now, everybody is well aware that a detecting device detect the approaching individuals or

traffic. Repairing can be done in two ways. If a delicate part of the machine is damaged, it might be repaired on the spot within a few minutes. However, if a motion

detector or a pressure sensor is affected, the repairing might take a lot of time and cost you little extra money.

Before calling an automatic gate repair mechanic, don't forget to check if he is capable of offering services for all the top brands available in the market. They

should be able to deliver new equipments and should have everything needed to fix the gate. They should be able to replace or repair the broken springs, wires,

sensors, drums and hinges. It will be much better if the company offers time bound warranty for their repairing services. Check out their website and go through all

the testimonials. You can also ask your neighbours, friends and colleagues regarding the best automatic door repairing service available in the city.

Ideally speaking, everybody prefer to work with a single company when it comes to automatic gate repair needs. You should not call one person for electrical issue,

another for glass replacement and a third one for structural issues. It is better to find an expert team belonging to one company which could deal with all the issues.

Another important factor is the speed. Nobody wants to hire a company whose worker don't even bother to show up on proper time. Adding to this, it will at least a day

to fix the problem. It means by calling an unprofessional team, you will waste no less than three to four days. Thus, it is better to find someone who could come to

your house that very day and fix the problem as early as possible.

Automatic door repair is absolutely different from a custom gate repair. It demands more money and expert knowledge. That is why finding a true professional is of

extreme importance even if you are winding up paying a little more.

Find gate repair services in cities mentioned below:

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jtem · 4 years ago

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Better Call Saul Season-6 Predictions

#1. Lalo dies

The buzz online is that Lalo survives Better Call Saul and is still running around, unseen, in the Breaking Bad world.

Don’t believe it.

Most of this buzz seems to be emanating from the same source. I’ve watched more than one Youtube video speculating about Season-6, for example, which pretty much mirrored each other. We’re talking little or no difference in content from supposedly unrelated people! So that’s not a Buzz, that’s the studio setting expectations.

Anyhow, the buzz points back to an Episode in Breaking Bad, Season-2, where Walt & Jesse kidnap Saul in an attempt to pressure/scare him into not making any deals with the DEA no matter how beneficial they would be for his client. Anyhow, they succeed in scaring Saul, he thinks they’re drug cartel henchmen, and pleads for his life insisting “it wasn’t me” and “it was Ignacio.”

Ignacio is the Nacho character’s real name in Better Call Saul.

So the Buzz is claiming that the scene in Breaking Bad, WHICH TAKES PLACE AFTER SEASON-6 OF BETTER CALL SAUL, means that Lalo is still alive & walking around, and none of this makes sense.

“Family is everything.”

That’s a Salamanca family creed, heard in Breaking Bad & Better Call Saul both.

There were at least four Salamancas alive in the Breaking Bad universe at the time Saul Goodman was pleading for his life and none of those Salamancas were Lalo.

Hector. Not very active, post stroke, but not dead.

Hector’s two nephews (the psycho twins), later done in by Hank Schrader, but still very much alive at this point.

Hector’s son, who is eventually killed by Jesse in Season-4.

So we don’t need Lalo alive for Saul to fear retribution, we’ve got Salamancas enough for that, and... And... AND...

Lalo doesn’t kill Saul. If Lalo was alive and had reason to murder Saul, Saul would be dead.

But, again, Lalo isn’t in Breaking Bad. The last of the Salamancas dies in Season-4 of Breaking Bad and none of them are Lalo. Gus visits Hector in the nursing home, after poisoning the cartel’s leadership, taunting him with the fact that they’re all dead and the Salamanca name dies with him (Hector).

We watched all the Salamancas die. None of them were Lalo.

#2. Kim Wexler

Ever notice that Kim’s enemies are all men? She hates Howard. She hates Kevin at Messe Verde. The victims of her little play con games were men. She’s a loner, she doesn’t seem to have any friends except for Jimmy, and Jimmy appears less a man in her life than a surrogate mom. Which doesn’t make sense because she didn’t seem to get along with her mom too well. But we don’t really know much of that story so maybe Jimmy/Saul is that loving relationship she never had with her mom, maybe Jimmy/Saul is a place holder for the dad we never saw...

Kim’s mom was unreliable and pretty shady it seems. That implies Jimmy but who knows? Still I have to make a prediction so I’m saying that Jimmy is Kim’s way of trying to have an emotional relationship with her mom.

I don’t think we’ve seen “The Real Kim” in Season-5.

“Opposites Attract.” Kim is far more similar to Howard and Kevin than she is to Jimmy, which may explain her negative feelings towards them. She’s beating on herself? By beating on them she’s beating on herself?

Anyway, I think the journey for Kim comes full circle, and the Jimmy Experiment ends. I don’t think she dies, I think she walks. That, the love and attention from whatever parent she never got growing up she now gets from Jimmy has served it’s purpose. It fulfilled her needs. And, she realizes this. She doesn’t hate Jimmy, it’s an experience she had always wanted, and Jimmy is never going to stop loving her but their paths diverge in Season-6.

Would be a hoot if she winds up with Howard... Probably what I would have done with the story.

#3. Jimmy/Saul

At some point Jimmy fully transforms into the Saul Goodman character of Breaking Bad, and I’m guessing it’s the departure of Kim Wexler from his life that makes it happen.

Supposedly “Slipping Jimmy” had been trying to recast himself, and rebrand himself, from the beginning of the series, and he drew most if not all the inspiration from Kim Wexler. It was her rise from humble mailroom beginning to Power Attorney that prompted Jimmy to try the same. It was Kim, or Jimmy’s emotions for Kim, that drew him away from the path of Slipping Jimmy and towards that of Kim’s... and his brother’s.

Anyway, I see Kim as Jimmy’s anchor. He’s a moth drawn inexorably towards her flame. The moment that flame is gone there is nothing to oppose Slipping Jimmy, no reason to fight it, no incentive to try much less actually change.

So that’s how I see it: Kim walks and Saul Goodman snaps back hard into the Slipping Jimmy traits. He becomes the Saul Goodman of Breaking Bad.

#4. Nacho/Ignacio

I suspect that he dies. If I was writing for the show I would certainly write that in, his death, see if it stuck. I mean, he clearly has no future in the Better Call Saul universe as he doesn’t appear as Nacho/Ignacio.

Could he just run? Of course. That’s what he wants to do. He wants out of the drug cartel, he wants out of his life of crime, he wants to run and he could certainly do that. He could run. And that could be why the character is not in Breaking Bad. It could be. It could happen that way. Or he can die. I’m going to say he dies.

#5. Francesca

I don’t know. I really honestly don’t. She was an employee of Jimmy’s and Kim’s, they loved her, she was a great worker and then in Breaking Bad she seems like a mostly angry and corrupted person. On Breaking Bad she often comes across as somebody who is compromised and doesn’t like it, but she clearly is not lifting a finger to stop being compromised...

So I don’t get it.

Francesca returns to Saul Goodman sometime between Season-6 of Better Call Saul and Season-2 of Breaking Bad. I’m assuming we see her in Season-6. So, um, I guess that’s my prediction? We see Francesca again?

#6. They overlap

Better Call Saul is a prequel to Breaking Bad. It happens first. Right?

Not necessarily.

The two shows could run concurrently.

Saul Goodman doesn’t make his first appearance in Breaking Bad until Season-2, Episode-8. So that leaves the entire first year and just over half the second for a Better Call Saul/Breaking Bad crossover.

We’ll definitely see more Breaking Bad characters pop up in Season-6. The money is on Walter White making an appearance.

#10. The Breaking Bad Movie

So Breaking Bad ends and Walter White is dead, right? No. Wrong. All we saw was him collapse, presumably unconscious. But he could have been alive. People survive gunshot wounds all the time. So Walt is alive, in prison and the first act of the film is Walt’s stupendous breakout! We’re talking Mission Impossible & MacGyver all rolled into one! Walt engineers the most brilliant escape EVER, and then goes hunting for his $80 million that the Neo Nazis stole from him. He doesn’t know where it is but unlike everyone else on the planet he knows that it exists.

What do you think? Ground penetrating RADAR? Maybe inferred to search out changes in surface temperature, revealing hidden doors or tunnels?

AND THEN he needs to go after Gretchen & Elliot. Walt hated them, yes, but if you recall he dropped all of his money on them with instructions to gift it to his son, Walt Junior. Gretchen and Elliot agreed, of course, but after Walt’s capture they turn it all over to law enforcement, double crossing Walt. So Walt needs revenge on them, but he also needs a flight out of the country because he’s sick of trying to hide his cash, and he doesn’t want to go underground. No, Walt wants to retire someplace where he can live out his life as a free man, spend his money without care and Gretchen & Elliot just happen to own a private jet!

See how that works out?

Now, is Jesse involved in any of this? Jesse now knows that everything he was thinking about Walt was wrong, that Walt never double crossed him but he had double crossed Walt.

Jesse’s turning point -- against Walt -- when he was waiting to “The Vacuum Cleaner Repair Man” to help him to disappear, start a new life. Jesse seems to believe that he was being set up but in El Camino he spots the exact same mini van parked at the vacuum cleaner’s shop, so he knows that Walt was legitimately trying to help.

So, maybe now Jesse wants to help Walt. Or maybe law enforcement caught up to him and he just wants to escape and start a new life somewhere else, like Walt.

Is Saul Goodman in prison? How does Season-6 end? We know that in Season-5 he got made by a cab driver who seems intent on some sort of “Reward” i.e. blackmail. Maybe he puts Saul in prison. Or someone else recognizes him. Anything. So by the end of Season-6 Saul may be behind bars with Walt or even Walt & Jesse.

I think I’d rather see Walt reunited with his family on Gretchen & Elliot’s plane, instead of Saul. And the movie might need a sequel anyway, and Saul is as good a reason to have one as any, so there’s that...

#Better Call Saul #Breaking Bad #Predictions #TV Series #Fandom #Binge watching #Kim Wexler #Slipping Jimmy #Walter White #text post #Txt Post

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nationalparkposters · 4 years ago

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Re-discovering America, the Park-to-Park Highway Series – Part 4 of 4

Re-discovering America, the Park-to-Park Highway Series – Part 4 of 4: After visiting Yosemite, General Grant and Sequoia National Parks, the Park-To-Park Highway group left the mountain climate behind them and headed into warmer weather. They continued on to Bakersfield on October 19th, where they were met by the automobile Club of California, and one other surprise visitor, who had emerged from his hospital bed. The great pathfinder, Anton Westgard. His desire to see through the tour temporarily outweighed his illness, but unfortunately, he could only rejoin the tour as far as Los Angeles. As the group moved west, Westgard traveled south to San Diego, where his health continued to decline. He would not rejoin the tour. The Auto Club of Southern California had hosted them during their stay in Los Angeles, and when the group left, they traveled on what today is the famous Route 66. Traveling now in desert conditions dotted with Joshua trees, they journeyed to the next park on the list. Zion National Park With the intensely dry heat of the Mohave Desert being a constant companion, the Park-to-Park tour group's resolve was beginning to wane. Dust was an ever-present fixture on the road and it permeated everything, from their clothes to the engines of their automobiles. Their journey continued north, and after 4,000 miles of travel, a 500-mile trip to Zion National Park seemed not only impossible, but unbearable. What's more, they simply had no time to spare. But what they did not realize was the beautiful other-worldly sights they would miss at Zion. With its sheer sandstone cliffs and green oasis in the desert, they could not fathom the scenery unless they saw it with their own eyes. Located on the edge of the Colorado Plateau, the rock that was pushed up over millions of years started to erode away, leaving a unique landscape with colorful rock formations and a desert river at the bottom, forming a ribbon of green in the middle of an arid land. Oblivious to Zion's wonders, the party soldiered on. Grand Canyon National Park Even though Zion was bypassed, the group could not have anticipated the spectacular vistas they were about to experience. On October 26th, the caravan crossed the border into Arizona, arriving at El Tovar Hotel at the south rim of the Grand Canyon. They were not prepared for the truly awe-inspiring sight of endless miles of steep cliffs and colorful strada, made possible by the eroding force of the Colorado River. At some points, the Canyon is a mile deep; the result of millions of years of erosion and a perfect recording of the Earth's history. The unbelievable spectacle of seeing the Grand Canyon for their first time has been known to leave some visitors so overcome that they simply faint, or sink down to their knees, crying with joy and wonder. Varying from 4 to 8 miles wide, the Grand Canyon stretches for 277 miles. Previously set aside by past presidents as first a forest, and then a game reserve, it wasn't until 1919 that Congress made it a national park. In 1902, the first automobile came to the Grand Canyon from Flagstaff along a stagecoach route. Back then, that journey took 4 days. Construction of Rim Road began in 1908. The tour group spent 3 days at the Canyon. On October 30th, they traveled on to Flagstaff. They continued east, stopping by Petrified Forest National Monument. By now it was November and winter was catching up. With the weather becoming a deterrent, they had to shift their itinerary and ship the cars up to Pueblo, Colorado. The trip had become too cumbersome for some and a few of the members left the tour to catch a train back home. The remainder of the group took a train to Durango. Mesa Verde National Park Despite the inclement weather, Steven Mathers joined the rest of the group for the final push to Mesa Verde. It was the only park on their journey to feature man-made structures, where the Pueblo people built their homes and sacred spaces 900 years ago. In a mysterious move, these ancient citizens abandoned their home and when the Europeans discovered it several centuries later, it became jeopardized when early tourists took delicate artifacts; some even vandalizing the area. It was then a group of ladies who realized they had to do something about it. Around the 1890's they began advocating for Mesa Verde to become a protected national park, and in 1906, their efforts paid off. Not only did they protect the cliff dwellings, but they commissioned the building of wells, trails, and eventually roads. When Steven Mather and company arrived at the park on November 6th, 1920, only one major road had been built so far, the Knife Edge Trail. Back in 1917, Horace Albright described this road as “one of the most disreputable, dangerous, fearsome bits of slippery rotted misery I ever had the misfortune to travel.” This, of course, gave the Park-to-Park tour a renewed sense of their mission to preach the gospel of good roads. Home Again, Home Again After touring the last park on their grand circle tour, they headed back to Denver to attend a convention to further discuss the creation of good roads. But before that, they held their last meeting in Pueblo at the Congress Hotel. Then, on November 9th, the tour drove up South Broadway into Denver after 76 days of almost constant travel which saw them being escorted by 60 automobiles and a welcome banquet. The group was able to show the world that visiting these national parks could be possible on passable roads going from park to park. Seven of the original 12 members completed the entire tour. Anton Westgard was one of the more notable figures not in attendance that day. Alas, he had to remain in San Diego, as late-stage syphilis ravaged his body. He succumbed to the disease on April 3, 1921. He was 66 years old. Later that year, Congress began the process of getting good paved roads to link the parks together, eventually creating the Park to Park Highway. It was a direct result of the enthusiasm that this tour created. These roads provided a whole new scale of American tourism. It opened the door to the concept that the almighty road trip is part of the American dream of adventure, freedom, and exploration. Mathers, Westgard, and the entire Park-to-Park team literally paved the way for the Great American Road Trip, and of re-discovering the amazing beauty of the American West. Click here to read Part 1 of the Park-to-Park Highway series... or Click here to read Part 3 of the Park-to-Park Highway series... Meet Rob Decker, Creator of National Park Posters Photographer and graphic artist Rob Decker studied photography with Ansel Adams in Yosemite National Park during the summer of 1979 when he was just 19. It was an experience solidified his love of photography and our National Parks. Now he is on a journey to photograph and create iconic WPA-style posters of all our major national parks as we celebrate the next 100 years of the National Park Service. "I feel it's important to protect America's special places, and to connect people with nature. And it's up to all of us to pitch in. Perhaps more importantly, we need to inspire the next generation of park stewards. I'm trying to make a difference by giving back to the amazing organizations that support our National Parks. I donate 10% of annual profits, so when you buy one of these original works, you're helping these trusts, conservancies and associations, too." Click here to meet the artist, Rob Decker. Join the growing community of 75k+ National Park enthusiasts to receive insider deals and updates. See why 75k+ National Park fans have already joined... https://national-park-posters.com/blogs/national-park-posters/park-to-park-highway-series-part-4?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=Sendible&utm_campaign=RSS

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