#Comprehensive Study Material

[vedantaias-d]

Join Vedanta IAS Academy for GS & CSAT Coaching!

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[rigelmejo]

@earlgrey--tea you asked who learned French just by watching TV shows and I'm thrilled you asked.

Here is the paper Peter Llewellyn Foley published: Picking up a second language from television: an autoethnographic L2 simulation of L1 French learning. Looking over the paper again now, he did 1500 hours of audio-visual French material for native speakers. He read toward the end of that period for some hundreds of hours, and he talked to people in French similarly toward the end of that period for some hundreds of hours. I read the whole thing, and I recommend anyone else who's curious reads the whole thing. Because my takeaways may not be the same as another person's. The paper includes what he did, how he studied, how he tracked his study, what study materials worked best (he found children's cartoons with a lot of visuals of what is being talked about were the easiest to learn from in the first few hundred hours - and adult television where they talk about things not directly visually shown as some of the hardest stuff that he used once he had more understanding of the language).

His paper shows at least 1 person could learn French by watching shows (with children's cartoons being best at the beginning stage until you learn more words), and trying to figure out what each thing means as you hear it. He did a lot of puzzling out the sounds he heard, using context and guessing what was being talked about (for curiosity's sake he did the opposite of what ALG Automatic Language Growth articles tend to suggest people do). He did not do any reading later sometime after 1000 hours, and it's fascinating how different he imagined French spelling was based on his guesses from the sound, compared to how it is actually spelled. He did use some graded readers for learners once he was reading.

He did not look any word translations up when watching all those shows. He personally makes the guess that if he HAD looked up words, if he HAD used French subtitles, and if he had focused entirely on children's shows at first, his progress might have taken less time. But his experiment did not do that, so it's only a guess, and actual success of people who've looked up words should be referenced instead for how successful or not it is (people like r/Refold learners look up words while watching shows), and he did not use any video materials made for language learners but my personal thinking is that Comprehensible Input type lessons at the beginning stage may have worked even better than children's cartoons.

To me, his level of understanding and ability to do things lines up fairly well with Dreaming Spanish's roadmap estimated hours to do X things. That makes sense to me as Peter basically studied with stuff made for native speakers, which eventually became more comprehensible. And Dreaming Spanish is designed to be fully comprehensible to a learner, until they can comprehend stuff for native speakers. I imagine Peter had a harder time initially, but as an English speaker learning French, with all the cognates, maybe he didn't have to learn as much to cross the threshold into comprehending children's shows as someone learning a language with no cognates.

I wrote my in depth thoughts about his paper here but it's mostly just rambling.

[velocityinstitute]

[wuzhere75]

I know this is a weird as shit (especially for this blog) and very specific question that probably doesn't make since to anyone who isn't me but I ask out of genuine curiosity for informal research. I tried wording this as clearly as possible but it probably doesn't make sense either way. E.G, in my case I'm pretty sure my state and individual high school didn't require a class, but I was part of an IB-related curriculum within my wider school district that did, so I would select the second option.

[upadhyaylawblogger]

The Best Judiciary Coaching in Patna, Bihar – Upadhyay Law Gurukul Leading the Way

Introduction

For law aspirants in Bihar, preparing for the judiciary exam is a journey that demands commitment, in-depth legal knowledge, and structured guidance. Patna, the capital of Bihar, has become a hub for judiciary coaching with several institutes offering specialized preparation. Among them, Upadhyay Law Gurukul stands out as a flag bearer for judiciary coaching in Patna, known for its excellent faculty, comprehensive study materials, and proven track record of success. In this article, we’ll explore why Upadhyay Law Gurukul is the best choice for judiciary coaching in Bihar and how it supports aspiring judges in achieving their dreams.

Why Judiciary Coaching in Patna? Patna has emerged as a prominent center for judiciary preparation, attracting students from across Bihar. With a high demand for quality judiciary coaching, Patna offers a range of reputed institutes providing expert guidance, structured learning, and access to resources. Judiciary coaching in Patna is especially beneficial for students who aspire to clear exams like Bihar Judicial Services Examination and other state judiciary exams.

Upadhyay Law Gurukul – The Leading Judiciary Coaching Institute in Patna Upadhyay Law Gurukul has earned a reputation as one of the best judiciary coaching centers in Patna. Established by experienced legal professionals, this institute focuses exclusively on judiciary preparation, making it a specialized center for law aspirants. Here’s why Upadhyay Law Gurukul is considered the top choice for judiciary coaching in Patna:

Expert Faculty and Personalized Guidance The faculty at Upadhyay Law Gurukul consists of experienced lawyers, retired judges, and legal scholars who bring a wealth of knowledge to the classroom. They provide insights not only into legal principles but also the practical application of laws. Each student receives personalized guidance, ensuring they understand complex legal concepts and build the analytical skills needed for judiciary exams.

The faculty members are highly approachable and make learning interactive, answering students’ queries and helping them navigate challenging topics. This personal attention makes a significant difference, especially for students who need a solid foundation in legal studies.

Comprehensive and Updated Study Material Judiciary exams demand a vast knowledge base, covering constitutional law, criminal law, civil law, and more. Upadhyay Law Gurukul provides meticulously designed study materials that are updated regularly to include recent amendments, case laws, and landmark judgments. These materials help students stay aligned with the judiciary exam syllabus and current legal developments.

Additionally, the study resources at Upadhyay Law Gurukul are organized in a student-friendly manner, making it easier for aspirants to cover vast topics systematically.

Regular Mock Tests and Performance Analysis One of the most significant aspects of judiciary preparation is practice. Upadhyay Law Gurukul conducts regular mock tests that mimic the actual exam pattern, enabling students to develop time management skills and boost their confidence. These mock exams cover all the sections of judiciary exams, including the preliminary, mains, and interview stages.

After each test, students receive detailed performance analysis and feedback, helping them identify their strengths and areas for improvement. This constant assessment ensures that students are exam-ready and can confidently tackle different types of questions in the judiciary exams.

Focus on Answer Writing Skills for Mains Exam The mains exam in judiciary exams demands strong answer-writing skills, as candidates must articulate their understanding in clear and structured responses. Upadhyay Law Gurukul emphasizes answer-writing practice, helping students develop effective writing techniques that align with judiciary exam requirements.

Students receive guidance on presenting legal arguments, organizing their answers, and including relevant case laws and sections. This focused training in answer writing gives students a competitive edge in the mains exam, which plays a crucial role in the final selection process.

Intensive Interview Preparation The final interview round is crucial for judiciary aspirants, as it tests not only their legal knowledge but also their integrity, judgment, and personality. Upadhyay Law Gurukul offers dedicated interview preparation, with mock interviews conducted by experienced faculty members. These sessions help students build confidence, improve their communication skills, and develop the right demeanor for the interview.

Faculty members guide students on potential interview questions, ethical dilemmas, and real-life scenarios they may face as judges, equipping them for success in the final stage of the selection process.

Supportive Learning Environment and Peer Collaboration Upadhyay Law Gurukul creates a supportive learning environment that encourages students to collaborate and grow together. The institute organizes group discussions, peer learning sessions, and workshops where students can exchange knowledge and perspectives. This collaborative approach fosters a sense of community and helps students stay motivated and engaged throughout their preparation journey.

The environment at Upadhyay Law Gurukul is conducive to focused learning, with all necessary facilities provided for students to prepare without distractions.

Success Stories and Proven Track Record One of the biggest indicators of an institute’s quality is its success rate. Upadhyay Law Gurukul has a proven track record, with a large number of students successfully clearing judiciary exams and achieving top ranks. Many of its alumni are now serving as judges across Bihar and other states, making the institute a trusted name in judiciary coaching in Patna.

Key Features That Make Upadhyay Law Gurukul the Best Judiciary Coaching in Patna Expert Faculty with Extensive Legal Experience Comprehensive, Updated Study Materials Regular Mock Tests with Feedback Dedicated Answer-Writing Practice for Mains Intensive Interview Preparation Program Supportive and Motivating Learning Environment Conclusion For students aspiring to crack the judiciary exams in Bihar, Upadhyay Law Gurukul stands out as the best judiciary coaching institute in Patna. With its experienced faculty, tailored guidance, comprehensive resources, and success-focused approach, Upadhyay Law Gurukul has become a beacon of hope for judiciary aspirants. The institute’s commitment to excellence and its supportive environment make it an ideal choice for students determined to achieve their dreams of serving as judges. Choosing Upadhyay Law Gurukul can provide judiciary aspirants with the guidance, discipline, and preparation needed to excel in this challenging journey.

Meta Description: Looking for the best judiciary coaching in Patna, Bihar? Discover why Upadhyay Law Gurukul is the top choice for judiciary aspirants, offering expert faculty, comprehensive study materials, mock tests, and interview preparation.

[vajiraoiasacademy]

Master Your IAS Preparation with Vajirao IAS Academy

Are you an IAS aspirant looking for the best coaching in Delhi that fits your busy schedule? Look no further than Vajirao IAS Academy, the top IAS coaching in Delhi with flexible timings. Our academy is dedicated to providing high-quality education and personalized support to help you achieve your IAS dreams.

At Vajirao IAS Academy, we understand that balancing IAS preparation with other commitments can be challenging. That's why we offer flexible class timings to accommodate your unique needs. Whether you're a working professional, a student, or someone with other responsibilities, our flexible schedule ensures that you can attend classes at your convenience without compromising on the quality of your preparation.

Our experienced faculty, comprising former civil servants and subject matter experts, provide comprehensive coaching that covers all aspects of the UPSC syllabus. Our interactive classes are designed to engage and motivate you, making learning a dynamic and enjoyable experience. We also offer regular mock tests and personalized feedback to help you track your progress and identify areas for improvement.

One of the key features of this top IAS coaching in Delhi with flexible timings is our state-of-the-art facilities and extensive study materials. Our resources are meticulously curated to provide you with the most relevant and up-to-date information. From detailed notes to practice papers, we ensure that you have everything you need to excel in your IAS preparation.

In addition to our flexible timings, we also offer online classes for those who prefer to study from the comfort of their homes. Our online platform is designed to provide the same level of interaction and support as our physical classrooms. With live sessions, recorded lectures, and interactive discussions, you can stay connected with your peers and instructors, no matter where you are.

At Vajirao IAS Academy, we believe in a holistic approach to IAS preparation. Our coaching program not only focuses on academic excellence but also on developing your analytical and problem-solving skills. We encourage critical thinking and provide ample opportunities for you to engage in discussions and debates, helping you build a strong foundation for your IAS journey.

Our success stories speak for themselves. Over the years, we have helped numerous aspirants achieve their IAS dreams and secure top ranks in the UPSC examination. Our alumni are a testament to our commitment to excellence and our dedication to student success.

Join Vajirao IAS Academy today and take the first step towards a successful career in the civil services. With our flexible timings, comprehensive study materials, and expert guidance, you can be assured of a well-rounded preparation that sets you on the path to success.

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[race4job]

SSC CGL Coaching in Hyderabad

Excel in SSC CGL with Race4Job's Coaching in Hyderabad

Introduction to SSC CGL Coaching at Race4Job Are you aspiring to crack the SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) exam and secure a prestigious government job? Race4Job offers comprehensive coaching programs tailored to help you succeed in the SSC CGL exam. With our expert guidance and strategic approach, you can enhance your preparation and maximize your chances of success.

Why Choose Race4Job for SSC CGL Coaching?

Experienced Faculty

Race4Job boasts a team of highly experienced faculty members who specialize in SSC exam preparation. Our instructors are adept at simplifying complex concepts and providing effective learning strategies.

Comprehensive Coverage

Our SSC CGL coaching program covers all sections of the exam, including Quantitative Aptitude, General Intelligence & Reasoning, English Language, and General Awareness. We provide in-depth coverage of each topic to ensure holistic preparation.

Targeted Study Material

We offer meticulously curated study material that aligns with the latest SSC CGL syllabus. Our study material includes practice questions, mock tests, and revision notes to facilitate focused learning.

Interactive Learning Sessions

At Race4Job, we believe in interactive learning to foster engagement and facilitate better understanding. Our classroom sessions encourage student participation, doubts clarification, and discussions.

Mock Tests and Performance Analysis

To gauge your readiness for the SSC CGL exam, we conduct regular mock tests that simulate the actual exam environment. Detailed performance analysis helps identify strengths and areas needing improvement.

Personalized Attention

We maintain small batch sizes to ensure personalized attention to each student. Our faculty members provide individualized guidance, monitor progress, and offer constructive feedback.

Our SSC CGL Coaching Approach

Concept Clarity

We focus on building strong fundamentals and conceptual clarity in each subject area. Our faculty employs simplified teaching methods to enhance understanding and retention.

Exam-Specific Strategies

Race4Job emphasizes exam-specific strategies such as time management techniques, shortcut methods, and problem-solving approaches tailored to the SSC CGL exam.

Interview Preparation

Beyond written exams, we offer comprehensive interview preparation to equip you with the skills needed for the final selection stages.

Why Race4Job Stands Out

Race4Job is recognized as a leading SSC CGL coaching institute in Hyderabad due to our:

---->Proven track record of success ---->Student-centric approach ---->Dedicated faculty ---->Comprehensive curriculum

Enroll with Race4Job Today

Don't leave your SSC CGL preparation to chance. Join Race4Job, the trusted coaching partner for SSC CGL aspirants in Hyderabad, and embark on your journey towards a rewarding career in the government sector.

For More Details:

Race Coaching center,

Call Us: +91-9985999900

Gmail: racejob2020@gmail.com

Website:https://www.race4job.com/ssc-cgl-coaching-in-hyderabad.php

Address: Pillar No.1544, Megha Theatre Lane, Metro Station Dilsukhnagar, 1st Floor, Mumbai Complex, Sai Baba Temple Rd, near Metro Station, Hyderabad, Telangana 500060.

[diginerve]

Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Online Course in India

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Visit: https://www.diginerve.com/course/cosmetic-botulinum-toxin-simplified/

[kidsinnowadays]

How to Navigate Remote Learning Successfully: A Parent's Comprehensive Toolkit

Discover a range of essential resources and strategies to effectively support your child's remote learning journey, ensuring a productive and enriching educational experience. #RemoteLearning #ParentingToolkit #OnlineEducation #SupportingStudentSuccess

The landscape of education has undergone a significant transformation with the rise of remote learning. As parents, navigating this new educational paradigm can present unique challenges. However, armed with the right tools and strategies, you can ensure that your child’s remote learning experience is not only successful but also enriching and enjoyable. This comprehensive toolkit provides a…

[arihant-publication]

Get ready for CBSE Class 12 exams with 'CBSE CHAPTERWISE SOLVED PAPERS CLASS 12,' a comprehensive self-study material designed as per the latest syllabus & rationalized NCERT. This book follows a chapterwise approach, covering all Previous Years’ Question Papers from 2023-2011, arranged by marks in descending order. Each chapter includes Trend Analysis, Value Points, Other Similar Questions, and Hints to enhance your understanding of key concepts. Additionally, you'll find 3 sample papers & the Latest CBSE Sample Paper at the end of the book, making it an essential resource for effective exam preparation. Score higher with Arihant's CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers!

[sarah-madoka-currie]

Comprehensive exam resources: building a B-list (secondary exam: History of Literary Theory & Criticism) (Spring 2020)

You can view, play with and modify the full version of the tracking sheets I built to name, acquire and read the secondary examination B-list texts on this Google doc (open-access):

https://docs.google.com/document/d/13Mbry7jYuz4utI91bdfCClOULPdBigVJ/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=100790709743492932008&rtpof=true&sd=true 

[venusinmyrrh]

You said you love a good fashion doc- do you have any more to recommend?

Designers and tastemakers

Very Ralph (2019). The preeminent American designer of our time, one of the very few who can stand toe to toe with the titans of Paris and Milan. To call Ralph Lauren's work "sportswear" is to call the Sistine Chapel "kind of a big painting".

Halston (2019). Speaking of going head to head with Paris, Halston did it first. Skip Ultrasuede-- this is a much better doc about the king of American 70s disco glam.

McQueen (2018). When people talk about fashion as an art form, chances are they're thinking of Alexander McQueen. Worth watching for the pulse-pounding runway shows alone.

Westwood: Punk, Icon, Activist (2018). Obviously you already know about this one, but it's gotta go on any comprehensive list. Without Vivienne Westwood, punk would have been nothing but a handful of noisy assholes.

Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel (2011). My icon, my north star, my personal hero. The empress of taste and high priestess of personal style. Watch this doc whenever you need encouragement to do and wear whatever the hell you want.

The Gospel According to André (2017). Diana Vreeland's protegé and a godfather of style in his own right. If it happened in fashion in the last fifty years, André Leon Talley was there for it.

Lagerfeld Confidential (2007). I have a high tolerance for difficult and unpleasant people as long as I like their work. Your mileage may vary, but Karl Lagerfeld's immaculate, relentless taste cannot be denied.

Institutions and events

The First Monday in May (2016). Witness all the hustle, bustle, savvy, and stress that goes into planning the Met gala!

The September Issue (2009). Same as the above, but for the famous September issue of Vogue. Watch this to learn who Grace Coddington is.

Dior and I (2014). How do haute couture collections get made? In 8 weeks from start to finish, I guess, if you're Raf Simons during his first season at the House of Dior. A documentary and a thriller.

Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's (2013). No matter what other retailers might want you to think, Bergdorf Goodman is the last great department store. A portrait, already halfway to a time capsule, of what luxury shopping used to be.

Peripheral, but may be of interest

Nose (2021). The passionate, delicate art of perfume creation for the House of Dior. The French landscapes where they source their materials will make you swoon.

Larger Than Life: The Kevyn Aucoin Story (2017). As the makeup artist to pretty much every single icon of the 80s and 90s, Kevyn Aucoin invented the image of that era as much as any designer.

Fabergé: A Life of Its Own (2014). Come for the dazzling jewels and sumptuous objets d'art; stay to find out how this illustrious name ended up on hair care products in the 70s.

Crazy About Tiffany's (2016). Another luxury jeweler whose name alone is the stuff dreams are made on.

Bill Cunningham New York (2010). The original street style photographer, since before "street style" was even a thing. A love letter to curiosity, and a testament to the power of taking an interest in the world around us.

Still on my watchlist

Salvatore: Shoemaker of Dreams (2020). Directed by Luca Guadagnino, which is enough to put this Ferragamo doc at the top of my list.

Advanced Style (2014). Portraits of seven women aged 62-95 with truly fab personal style. Top Letterboxd review is seething about how out of touch they are with the real world, which means I am probably gonna love it.

Suited (2016). A study of gender through clothing in modern culture.

Dries (2017). A year-- and four collections-- in the life of Dries Van Noten, who, interestingly, doesn't see the point of clothes that people can't buy to wear, and so does not do couture.

Yellow is Forbidden (2018). This doc about Guo Pei appears to use her career as a framework to understand the gatekeeping of global culture by the West. Dope as hell, if it can pull it off.

American Style (2019). The political, social, and economic history of America through its fashion. Another one that could be really awesome if done with insight and panache.

Quant (2021). She may share the credit for inventing the miniskirt with two other people, but it cannot be argued that Mary Quant invented 1960s Swinging London. And for that we say thank you Dame Mary.

[rigelmejo]

I will say if you're learning chinese to read novels, it's a win win in some ways. To improve? You gotta read. What do you want to do? Read. Is there adequate interesting reading material just a literal glance in any direction? Oh wow you bet. You can't even fathom how many good novels await you in whatever genres you're looking for, many of which will be free and accessible online, with audio books too!

[macgyvermedical]

Study Strategies

For everyone asking "What does 'playing' with the material even mean when it comes to studying??"

Well, basically when you think about the material in a way that applies to your real life or interests, or that entertains you.

Writing a tumblr post about it (my blog started out as a study tool when I was in nursing school, because I re-wrote what I was learning in fandom/fic terms)

Talking about it or explaining it to a friend that is NOT in your field of study

Trapping your blorbos in a weird situation they can only get out of by learning the material (I once went through a whole scenario in my head about my blorbo getting injected with insulin and his friend having to figure out how long they had to give him sugar before they died to learn insulin onset-peak-duration)

Flash card "war" where 2 or more of your friends bring their flashcards and every time you or a friend puts down a card, the one that gets the answer the closest first wins the cards (google allowed)

Make a comedy routine about the material using only jokes that would be funny if someone understood it

Order a list of facts from least to most interesting- bonus points if you do it with a friend and you both have to agree, bringing your own arguments to the table as to why a particular fact deserves a certain rank

Finding an old textbook on the material at your school's library and figuring out what still holds up to today's knowledge

Find a group of people on the internet that are really interested in what you're studying and get the latest in DiscourseTM

Make the most misleading fact sheet you can make on the subject, with everything you say being technically true

Make a fact sheet that holds up to the reading comprehension of tumblr dot com

Basically anything that reframes studying from "I hate this and it takes up so much time" to "something I was probably going to do anyway for fun, but this time with more [subject]".

[kinichval]

seatmate!kinich isn't someone you would call a top achiever, sure, he will put in effort when necessary—but he's not the type of student to chug down five cups of coffee for an all-nighter. despite his self-perception that he's just being the bare minimum of a student, his grades prove that he's a well-performing student in their class. hence, he frequently finds himself being the target of everyone's thirst to pass a course.

"hey, kinich. can you help me with this task?"

"kinich, are you busy? i was wondering if you could teach me this lesson."

"kinich, can i copy your homework?"

it's bothersome to deal with a flood of desperate students half of the week, but kinich puts up with their needs as he gets paid in return. no discounts, no installments. that's malipo kinich for ya. (except he doesn't allow copying his homework, better luck next life.)

some students do it for free, why do they flock to kinich?

right, because the top performing student in class, also known as you, straight up refuses to be of help. not entirely being selfish, you would share files and resources to the class when the professor fails to provide sufficient materials and you would point out corrections when the majority makes the same mistake.

or maybe they just have a huge fat crush on kinich.

well, the sheer fact that your seatmate, kinich, is their first choice when an academic predicament bestows on them allows you to slip away from the scene and find yourself getting comfortable somewhere in the library.

(now you are the type to pull all-nighters and, make an effort to create comprehensible and visual-learner friendly lecture notes.)

there are also times when kinich is also clueless, rendering his help useless because he genuinely can't provide an answer nor explanation. he's just human, too, just like them.

just like you.

it doesn't escape his peripheral sight how you quickly stand up the moment a few classmates gather around kinich after class dismisses. he can't conclude the thoughts that run in your mind, but he's curious where you go—

"can i sit here with you?"

someone taps your earbuds to pause the music blaring in your ears, you look up to find who the culprit is with your eyes already burning holes through their forehead.

but oh—it's just... kinich?

"why?"

"just because."

you answer with a tch, lowering your head to continue studying.

"you don't understand that, right?"

oh, you hear him, you forgot to resume the music.

"i do." denial is a river.

"can you teach me?"

kinich doesn't ask for help. he believes he's capable of many things if he works hard (and smart) for it. but right now, he'll let you have a peak at his vulnerability just so he could have a glimpse of what it's like to be under your care.

[linghxr]

Collection of open educational resources for Mandarin Chinese (& Russian)

I saved a bunch of open educational resources a while ago and then promptly forgot about them. Haven't really looked over them in detail, but hey, why not share them in case they are useful to you?

Chinese Reading Modules by Yan Li https://ceas.ku.edu/chinese-reading-modules

These reading passages are intended for students at the intermediate to advanced level in their study of Chinese. They were developed with funding from the KU Center for East Asian Studies.

Ting Yi Ting by Sheree Willis & Yan Li https://opentext.ku.edu/tingyiting/

An online guide that enables learners to hear and identify phonemic categories in Mandarin (including lexical tones) in a variety of phonetic contexts, and to associate those phonemes with Pinyin orthography. Includes extensive audio examples and computer-graded comprehension checks.

Russian Aspect in Conversation by Stephen M. Dickey, Kamila Saifeeva, and Anna Karpusheva https://opentext.ku.edu/russianaspect/

This resource is aimed at demystifying some important uses of imperfective verbs for learners of Russian at the intermediate level and above. It focuses on patterns of imperfective usage in infinitives, imperatives and the past tense that involve single completed actions and that are difficult for foreign learners to grasp.

Elementary Chinese I by Wenying Zhou https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/chs101/

This open textbook is designed for those who are learning Chinese as a second/foreign language in their first semester. It has eight chapters, covering topics including a brief introduction about the Chinese language, greetings, and self-introduction, hobbies, nationalities, family members and occupations, inviting friends to dinner, talking about food and beverage, making phone calls, and talking about classes and exams.

Elementary Chinese II by Wenying Zhou https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/chs102/

This open textbook is designed for those who are learning Chinese as a second/foreign language in their second semester. It has six chapters, covering topics including describing school life, shopping in stores and online, transportation means, reporting weather and climates, ordering foods, and asking and giving directions.

Elementary Mandarin by Carl Polley https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/elementary-mandarin

This course is designed for learners with no background in Chinese. It introduces basic structures of the Mandarin Chinese language with emphasis on listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students will gain these four skills in standard Mandarin Chinese, attaining approximately the Novice-High level on the ACTFL-ETS (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) proficiency scale. Topics of conversation include basic greetings, names, family, work, study, and hobbies.

开源中文 EverFlow Mandarin by Runqing Qi, Yingjie Li, and Yu Zhang https://www.colorado.edu/project/everflowmandarin/

EverFlow Mandarin is a textbook aimed at enhancing the language proficiency of Chinese learners at the intermediate level as determined by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). It is designed for students who have completed two years of Chinese language courses in comprehensive universities in North America. After studying the content of the ten lessons in this textbook, students' Chinese proficiency can reach the levels of either Intermediate-High or Advanced-Low as determined by the ACTFL.

Various Chinese resources by Wen-Hua Teng https://coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/materials/language/chinese/

Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course In Mandarin (汉语基础教材) by Julian K. Wheatley https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-21g-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/pages/online-textbook/

This online textbook represents materials that were used in the first four semesters (two years) of the Mandarin program at MIT. They eventually formed the basis of a print textbook of the same name, published by Yale University Press (elementary level available 2011, intermediate level due late 2011 or early 2012). Information about the Yale edition, plus online materials that could supplement the OCW material with some allowances. The Yale website also includes extensive audio-clips (numbering over 40 by July 2011, up through Unit 4), which cover much of the same ground as the OCW version.

IChineseER from Pomona College https://lchineseer.sites.pomona.edu/

Diverse Russian: A Multicultural Exploration by Anna Tumarkin and Shannon Donnally Quinn https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/diverserussian/

This textbook invites students to explore the diverse Russian-speaking communities across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and North America. It highlights the rich cultures and histories of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Indigenous populations of Russia, the Baltic states, Georgia (Sakartvelo), and Russian-speaking communities in the United States. Supported by the Less Commonly Taught and Indigenous Languages Partnership and funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, this OER textbook provides a unique, immersive experience that seamlessly integrates cultural understanding with practical language skills.