The Habsburg Empire, 16th-17th centuries
« Atlas historique », Nathan, 1982
by cartesdhistoire
In 1519, Charles Quint found himself virtually the master of Europe. However, instead of viewing his role as a spiritual mission, he felt a deep sense of duty to his lineage. This obligation drove him to perpetuate, and if possible, enhance, what he had inherited for his successors. This principle, deeply ingrained in the tradition of the House of Burgundy, became a cornerstone of Habsburg governance, with each possession managed as if he were the sole monarch of each one.
In 1556, Philippe II inherited the ancient estates of Burgundy, the Spanish Monarchy (including its Italian dependencies), and the Duchy of Milan. Throughout his foreign policy, the sense of dynasty always took precedence: the Dutch were treated more as rebels than heretics; the incorporation of Portugal in 1580 was driven by the defense of succession rights rather than expansionism. Similarly, interventions in the French civil war and the Armada against England in 1588 aimed more at defending the integrity of heritage than pursuing a crusade.
Under Philippe III (1598-1621), signs of decline began to emerge within the Hispanic monarchy. The reign of Philippe IV (1621-1665) was marked by continual unrest, with no respite for a year of peace. Involvement in the Thirty Years War strained the Castilian Treasury, leading to economic crises in the 1630s and subsequent anti-tax revolts. The dissatisfaction of peripheral elites culminated in secessionist revolts in Catalonia and Portugal in 1640, while nobles conspired against the Crown. In Italy, revolts in Naples and Sicily in 1647 further exacerbated the crisis. Amid internal opposition, economic depression, and military setbacks, the Hispanic Monarchy struggled for survival, with only the Portuguese secession achieving success.
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I know that I am a few hours early, but I really wanted to get this out there since I may not have the chance to do so tomorrow. In remembrance of the late, great Robert Archibald Shaw, whose magnetic personality, mesmerizing screen presence, and dynamic energy entertained us for so many years on the silver screen. One can only imagine what would have been, and how he would have continued to thrill us, and what movies would have been better for his participation, if he wasn't taken from us way too soon. You are still sorely missed, 46 years after your passing, Mr. Shaw!
Top to bottom: A young Robert Shaw; candid Shaw circa 1977; as Quint from JAWS (1975); as Mr. Blue aka Bernard Ryder in The Taking of Pelham 1-2-3 (1973); as General George Armstrong Custer in Custer of the West (1967); as Romer Treece in The Deep (1977); as Doyle Lonegan in The Sting (1973); as Major David Kabakov in Black Sunday (1977), as Captain "Red" Ned Lynch in Swashbuckler (1976); as Major Keith Mallory in Force 10 From Navarrone (1978)
Below: The scene and monologue from JAWS that placed Robert Shaw on the Silver Screen map, in a huge way, back in 1975!!!!! Cemented his super-stardom without question....
Robert Shaw's memorial stone in Tourmakeady, County Mayo, Ireland, where he resided with his wife and 10 children.
Here's something that very few are aware of..... Carol for Another Christmas is a 1964 ABC American TV movie, written by Rod Serling as a modernization of Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. Robert Shaw portrays a very vociferous Ghost of Christmas Yet-To-Come, and gives an amazing monologue with Sterling Hayden that, is riveting, and almost on par as his famous USS Indianapolis monologue from JAWS. If you have not yet seen this minor classic, TCM usually has it available for streaming year round.
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MOVIE NIGHT
another Charles Deetz story, for @koberet
Charles was heading to the TV room when Beej came over to him and threw an arm around his shoulders. "Hey, Chuck!" he said. "What'cha up to?"
"I thought I'd watch a movie this evening," Charles replied. He hesitated, and then asked, "Would you care to join me?"
"Yeah, sure!" the demon agreed. He followed Charles into the TV room and sat in one of the armchairs. "What are we gonna watch?"
"Let's see ..." Charles murmured, looking at the DVDs neatly arranged on the shelves of the wooden home entertainment cabinet. "How about ... Jaws? 1975, directed by Stephen Spielberg, starring Robert Shaw, Roy Scheider and Richard Dreyfuss. Based on the novel by Peter Benchley." He knew that a high-seas thriller featuring a mindless killing machine would appeal to Beej -- he was a demon, after all. And it was fast-paced enough that he wouldn't get bored.
"What's it about?"
"Three men hunt down a man-eater," Charles told him.
"A man-eater, huh?" Beej said. "Okay, sounds good."
In truth, the demon had no idea if it would be a good movie or not -- but he and Lydia's father had begun to develop a real relationship since Charles had introduced Beej to bird-watching, and Beej enjoyed spending time with him.
Charles turned on the TV, popped the DVD into the player and settled himself in the other armchair.
The opening credits were followed by a sunset beach party scene that led quickly to Chrissie Watkins' stripping for an evening swim -- something that got Beej's attention immediately. He looked at Charles in surprise.
"I didn't think you were into this kinda thing, Chuck --" he said, wiggling his eyebrows.
Then the actress suddenly screamed in terror, attacked by something under the water, and the demon nearly jumped out of his skin. He leaned forward in his seat, his eyes intently focussed on the screen, trying to get a glimpse of the monster, his breath quickening as he watched her flailing about in the ocean, until ... she was gone. Gone -- just like that.
"What -- what killed her?" he asked.
Charles looked over at him and smiled. "You'll see," he replied.
Beej conjured up a family-sized bucket of hot buttered popcorn and set it on the small table between their chairs. He grabbed a huge handful and shoved it into his mouth. "Help yourself, Chuck," he said, his cheeks stuffed like a hamster's. "Don't be shy -- there's plenty more where that came from!"
"Thanks," Charles replied, taking a smaller handful for himself.
*****
"I think I like Matt Hooper the best," Beej said after a while. "He's funny -- and he's kinda hot. I hope he doesn't get eaten. The other two, well ... they're kinda both assholes -- especially that Quint guy."
"Matt's played by Richard Dreyfuss," Charles told him. "This was his break-out role."
"What'd he break out of?"
"Obscurity."
Beej wasn't sure what that meant, but it didn't sound so good.
The demon had to admit that he was enjoying the movie immensely -- it was always fun seeing breathers get torn to pieces by a monster, after all. But there was one problem with this movie, and it was frustrating the hell out of him.
"When do we get to see the shark?" Beej asked.
"Soon, I promise," Charles replied.
"I hope so -- we've been watching for -- what? Five hours now?"
"An hour and ten minutes," Charles told him, chuckling.
"Okay, but still -- that's a long time to wait for the star of the show!"
*****
"There it is! " Beej exclaimed, pointing excitedly at the TV screen. "There's the shark! " His eyes grew wide, captivated by the appearance of the beast. "I think Brody's right -- they're gonna need a bigger boat!"
Charles laughed.
*****
"Why are they putting Hooper in that cage?" Beej asked, a note of concern in his voice. "He's gonna get eaten - that shark'll tear the cage to pieces!"
He watched, wide-eyed, as the cage was lowered into the water and the shark began its approach. "Get the fuck outta there!" he exhorted. "Whaddya think you're doing, you moron? Hurry! Get --"
The shark hit the cage head-on, and Beej let out a whimper. Charles was intrigued -- the demon was showing empathy for a stranger? And a fictional character to boot?
Beej's breathing was coming in short, sharp bursts as he watched his favourite character's life flash before his eyes. For the first time in his unlife, Beej felt the terror experienced by a breather facing a monster. When Hooper drew his knife and stabbed at the shark, Beej's lip curled in satisfaction - at least the shark wasn't going to get away completely uninjured.
Finally, when Hooper managed to get out of the now-battered cage and swim to a safe hiding place, Beej let out a sigh of relief.
"That was close," he said. "I'm glad he got away."
*****
"So?" Charles asked when the movie ended. "What did you think?"
"Why did they hafta blow it up?" Beej said, his eyes welling up. "Fuckin' bastards!"
Charles smiled ruefully. "It was killing people."
"It was just tryna survive, for crissakes!" A tear rolled down his cheek. "Poor guy -- all he wanted was a snack. At least it ate that guy Quint." He looked at Charles. "Sometimes you breathers suck, you know that?"
Charles nodded. "Sadly, you're right about that," he said. "Sometimes we suck."
"Good movie, though," Beej said. He regarded Charles thoughtfully. "That was me, wasn't it?"
"What do you mean, BJ?"
"I'm the shark. I'm the monster." There was no trace of sorrow in his voice -- in fact, he seemed rather pleased with the idea.
Charles didn't know what to say to that.
"Hey -- it's okay, Chuck," Beej said with a grin. "I'm a demon, remember? I'm supposed to be a monster."
"Yes, well ... you're different," Charles told him. "You're a sentient being -- you have the capacity to learn, to become more than just a killing machine. The shark was driven solely by instinct."
"You gettin' sweet on me, Chuck?" Beej teased.
"I'm ... I'm saying that you can be more than just a monster -- you are more than just a monster. You're part of the family now."
"Thanks," Beej said. "I really appreciate you guys bein' so good to me. Nobody was ever nice to me before. Nobody ever cared about me like you guys do."
Charles nodded. "I can't imagine how hard it was."
"Yeah, you're lucky."
"Did you want to tell me about it?" Charles said. "What it was like?"
Beej looked at him. "You really wanna hear about it?"
"Only if you want to -- and only as much as you're comfortable sharing with me."
And so Beej began telling Charles about growing up in the Netherworld -- resented by his mother, despised and shunned by everyone. He told Charles about Sandy, his pet sandworm, and how she was killed by a bully. He told him about growing up not trusting anyone or anything except himself, how he learned to defend himself -- with both magic and humour.
He told Charles everything. Well, almost everything.
"My God," Charles exclaimed when the demon had finished. "I had no idea. I'm sorry you had to go through all that, BJ."
Beej shrugged. "Yeah, well ... that's all over now," he said. "Now I have you guys."
Charles looked at his watch. "It's getting late," he noted. "I should get to bed." He got to his feet. "I'm glad you enjoyed the movie, BJ. And ... thank you for telling me about your life. If you ever feel the need to talk some more, my door is always open."
"Okay, thanks!" Beej said, grinning and giving Charles a thumb's-up as the breather exited the TV room. "G'night ... Dad."
Charles looked back at the demon, surprised. "Uh ... good night, son." He smiled to himself. "Dad," he said softly as he headed for the bedroom. "I like that." By the time he got into bed, he was grinning from ear to ear.
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