#Ch: Sav

[tiredassmage]

Go off, king!!!!

[relamune]

having a stupid thought about sav calling styx dad one time (since hes basically the groups dad anyway) & im laughing so hard at how unamused styx would be about it. sav absolutely makes a habit of it purely to tease styx. he will never get used to it

[the-inheritance-games]

So I’ve been thinking, one thing that never made sense to me was why Tobias made Grayson believe that he would be the heir, especially after reading tbh and seeing Tobias say the words “it is going to be you”.

[SPOILERS FOR THE BROTHERS HAWTHORNE]

That never made sense to me bc he said that it would BE Grayson, but he also never said the words “inheritance”, so clearly he meant something else.

I also find it intresting that earlier in that chapter (ch. Eight years ago, after ch. 49) that Grayson said ��bc. I’m a Hawthorne” and Tobias said “no”….he told gray he wasn’t a Hawthorne…..he also said that “Xander is a Hawthorne,” the old man said intently. “Nash is a Hawthorne. Jameson is a Hawthorne. But you…”

So tobias didn’t think grayson was a Hawthorne then what is he?

At first I thought maybe he meant Grayson was a GRAYSON, like Sheffield, BUT tobias probably doesn’t have much respect for Sheffield and would see him as lesser so why would he believe Grayson was a “GRAYSON”…..

Then I realized what if he sees Gray as an O’day….like Alice…..and what if by “it is going to be you” Tobias meant that, it will be Grayson who finds Alice and convinces her to return or helps her heal and return to her family or something like that.

I think grayson inherited more of the O’day genes than any of his siblings. The rest of them all sort of look like their dads, but I’ve tried to find a description of Sheffield and I couldn’t find one but I don’t think it was ever mentioned that he was blonde just that he had Graysons eyes but that’s it.

Some might point at savanna to prove gray did inherit his looks from their dad BUT Grayson pointed out that sav got her hair from her mom as soon as he met her.

Gray most likely got his blonde hair from Skye AND Skye probably inherited it from Alice O’day….so Grayson is more of an O’day which would explain why Tobias pushed him to be more bc he saw his Alice in him and wanted him to live up too his potential bc he belived his Alice was better than he was and pushed gray to be that too…but idk I still have SOO many questions about that man. The more I learn about him the more questions I have about ALL of Tobias Hawthornes words and actions

What do y’all think?

[squirrel-art]

Finished my little compilation of Sav and her mobility aids! ID in alt for each.

Disclaimer that I'm able-bodied & open to criticism about my portrayal! Also I realized belatedly her rollator is parked in a way that would, in fact, not keep it from rolling the fuck around, my bad.

Further details about my design philosophy/Sav's symptoms under the cut.

I played Savtas through Consular Story Chapter 1 in Full Good Girl Mode, saving all the Jedi and using the shielding ritual whenever prompted. The side effects of the rituals are vague and inconsequential in-game so as to make the job of the writers and programmers easier; characters comment worriedly about the fact that you "look tired" and not much else.

Fortunately, I have none of these restrictions. I don't know how to scientifically quantify "life-essence", but in my canon the energy required to create and maintain the shields comes right out of the body of the shielder, and behaves first and foremost like a faster-than-sustainable burning of calories. In the short-term, Sav became dangerously malnourished and fatigued; in the long-term she developed PoTS and what I've been glibly referring to as "Force fibro" in my brain, because the symptoms she experiences are the similar to that of those who suffer from fibromyalgia in real life: chronic pain, chronic fatigue, disordered sleep, and brain fog.

Some of those physical symptoms are ameliorated via use of a mobility aid, so she's tried out a couple different types.

Rollator

Sav's mobility aid of choice, purchased somewhere at the beginning of Ch 2. Sav is prone to dizziness and fatigue, and has less difficulty walking than she does standing for long periods; the rollator helps keep her balance and gives her somewhere to sit for short spells when she needs to.

The wheels do make this device better for navigating flatter and more even ground, but I imagine she can swap the wheels out for all-terrain varieties. I wonder if you could put blades on them like ice skates, to move around on places like Hoth? Well, the brakes wouldn't work, so probably not.

As mentioned in a previous post on my other sideblog, the design and colors are meant to evoke the pillars of the old Jedi Temple on Coruscant. This model is bespoke, created to Savvy's whimsical specifications. It wasn't even that expensive; you'd be surprised how many discounts people are willing to offer a Jedi!

Chair

A gift from the Jedi Council upon her defeat of Terrak Morrhage and the subsequent quelling of the Force plague. It's a more expensive model, and comes with a sturdy stand to rest it on when it's charging or not in use.

Design inspo drawn from both canon sources and the wonderful hermitmoss' hoverchair headcanons post!

I deliberated for a while as to whether Sav would have been given a wheelchair or a hoverchair. I settled on hoverchair mostly because Sav wanted a certain level of independence in her movement, but nobody was sure how long it would take her to regain enough upper body strength to reliably push herself around in a manual chair.

Sav in this image is at the beginning of her recovery, but she does continually make use of her chair after regaining some of her weight and muscle mass. Her rollator became her device of choice over the chair in part because the chair is kind of bulky and heavy, and can't be easily collapsed for transport. She probably has a lighter, more maneuverable transport chair stored on the ship to utilize in a pinch.

Looking at the design of the chair, I am already dissatisfied with it - the seat isn't raked to keep her from sliding out of it, and the control panel should realistically be attached to an extension and not directly under her hand. We'll fix that in the next pass, I think, but for now this drawing is representative of the overall design and colors.

Cane

She's got a few of these! Most have an offset or contour grip because she finds them the most comfortable, and most have adjustable bases.

Her favorite is probably the non-adjustable wooden one she got from a craftsman on Alderaan, the only one she owns made of fully organic materials.

[frownyalfred]

Hello! I’m not Jewish and I just learned about Pikuach Nefesh. Being Jewish yourself, I’m guessing you have a lot of thoughts on this and how it relates to Bruce’s no-kill policy. I’d be really interested in hearing them if you want to make a post!

Hey friend!

I absolutely have thoughts, but I must begin with a disclaimer:

My perspective does not cover all Jews, nor is it the authority on what is or isn't Jewish. I grew up Reform/Reconstructionist, in an ethnically Ashkenazi Jewish family, and these are just my thoughts as a Batman blog.

Another important note: different types of Jews hold the halacha (rules/principles) of Judaism to be far more important in their lives. An Orthodox Jew will observe halacha much more strictly than a Reform Jew. Despite what some people will tell you, this doesn't make either of them better. Just different.

Whew, okay. Now that that's out of the way, let's get down to business.

What is Pikuach Nefesh?

In very general terms, Pikuach Nefesh (hard ch sound in the back of your throat) allows Jews to override other religious "rules" or values in the pursuit of preserving or saving a life.

A good example of this is a an Orthodox Jewish person, who, following halacha, will not drive or operate items with electricity during the Sabbath (Shabbat). But what happens if someone has a heart attack and they need to call 911? Pikuach Nefesh would permit them to use electricity, despite it being Shabbat.

If a Jewish person who keeps total kosher is in a situation where they will starve if they do not eat non-kosher food, they are permitted to eat non-kosher food.

Exceptions

There are some notable exceptions to Pikuach Nefesh, which I suspect is what your question is getting at. The threat to an individual's life generally has to be known, urgent, and not abstract.

Murder is another large exception, with some conditions. Generally, the intentional act of killing another person, or injuring them to the point where they might die from their injuries, is not an act that can be permitted by the principle of Pikuach Nefesh.

The slim exceptions to this include highly specific cases of self defense of oneself or another against an aggressor. One may kill to preserve a life in very strict situations, but they cannot murder. There are even times where killing is obligated, such as war.

So how does this relate to Batman/Bruce's no-killing rule?

Okay. So. I've had a lot of discussions with folks about this, and the answer I've learned is: it doesn't. Not really.

Pikuach Nefesh refers to the principle that a Jewish person should preserve life over almost any other rule or halacha. It does, actually, permit Bruce to kill under very specific situations. It does actually forbid him from gravely injuring people and doing so in the name of fighting against abstract threats, which are both things he does in canon.

The last time I wrote about this, I was definitely off about the details of Pikuach Nefesh in regard to Batman. I was corrected and I stand by that correction. I didn't grow up in the Orthodox faith and I don't observe much of their halacha, which is where a lot of religious theory questions arise from. I'm not an expert, and my explanation is only as deep as my own experience.

I think a good way of looking at Pikuach Nefesh is not as a way to define what, if any, killing is acceptable, but rather, what are we obligated to do to save a life?

The more important Jewish principle shaping Batman's ideology (in my opinion)

"Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire."

This is much more of an important focal point for Bruce's Jewish-influenced ideology. The flipside of this quote, from the Talmud, is equally important: "Whoever kills one life, kills the world entire."

Bruce's no-killing rule is famously tied to his parents' deaths during his childhood. In a way, his entire world ended with their murder. He sees his mission to clean up Gotham as a way to prevent that loss from occurring for anyone else.

Saving one person, like he tells Barry in Justice League, is enough. That is a viciously Jewish thought. It is frequently quoted in reference to those who acted in support of Jews during the Holocaust, doing what little they could against a fountain of evil.

Conclusion

In that regard, yes -- Pikuach Nefesh tells us that preserving a life is the most important thing above all else. But Bruce's no-killing rule would swiftly be broken if he followed the principle of Pikuach Nefesh closely, in that he would a) likely have to kill someone in self-defense at some point in his duties and b) it would not allow him to injure or hurt people to the extent that he currently does in canon.

More importantly, Bruce's no-killing rule is a better reflection of the Talmudic quote that "he who saves/kills a life, has saved/killed a world entire."

It is not much of a stretch, in my opinion, to connect Bruce's trauma from losing his parents at young age to his outright refusal to kill later in life. The more interesting question, in my mind, is if the creation of this no-killing rule truly was shaped by Batman's Jewish creators and their view on life and death, especially post Holocaust.

Comics became more widely available during and after WWII and the Holocaust, during which time many -- many -- Jews entered the field as writers and artists. Their influences on the characters we see today are obvious, often intentionally Jewish, but just as often un-intentional.

Was Batman's no-killing rule a product of the post-WWII Jewish comic writers who shaped his character? Was it a coincidence that lined up well with the Talmud, but not necessarily all the conditions of Pikuach Nefesh?

How else does Batman represent, or not represent, the goal of Pikuach Nefesh (the necessity that a person act in the preservation of human life, above almost all else)?

[aberfaeth]

aftershocks

[lockwood & co, Lucy/George/Lockwood, hurt/comfort. ch 1/3, 2.5k]

At Jacobs, they called it the hangover. Classes didn’t teach about it, so they had to make their own language. Obviously, kids with the Touch as their primary got it the worst, but the rest of them weren’t immune. One particularly rough case, one too many moments of overexertion, and you’d be taking some of the ghost back home with you.

(or: three times the trio takes care of their own.)

hello and welcome to sav @grasslandgirl and i's cot3 breakdown. this fic brought to you by me thinking Hey What If Talent Overuse Fucked You Up A Bit. herein lies three idiots deeply in love with each other and not sure what to do about it. hope you enjoy!

read aftershocks here!

[inafieldofdaisies]

WIP Wednesday Whenever | Tagged by @nightbloodbix <3 | Tagging @socially-awkward-skeleton @direwombat @adelaidedrubman @strafethesesinners @strangefable @nightbloodbix @nightwingshero @aceghosts @madparadoxum @g0dspeeed @trench-rot @josephseedismyfather @josephslittledeputy @euryalex @sstewyhosseini @detectivelokis @purplehairsecretlair @jinfromyarikawa @shegetsburned @clicheantagonist @locustandwildhoney

and anyone with something to share <3

Sharing a snippet from the opening of Chapter 9 for this week's WIP check-in. The full ch.8 is now on AO3 for anyone that might have missed it/need it for more context.

Soon enough John drove past the gate leading up to the Project's Greenhouse and the "YES" letters that marked the path to the ranch came into view, making Savannah exclaim as she glued her face to the window, "Rin-Rin, look!" Sabrina smiled at her sister's reaction, her mood improving for the first time since the ambush. "I didn't know you had a second sign, Seed.", her gaze shifted from the sign to him. He smirked, "It's the road to my home. How else would I mark it?" She leaned in, whispering, "You know, with your love for it, one could only wonder if you have the word all over your underwear, too…" He didn't miss the way she avoided saying "Yes" in front of him yet again. You're turning this into a challenge… and I'm always up for one. "Are you asking to take a look, Deputy?", he questioned, the possibility making him raise an eyebrow in intrigue. Sabrina settled back into her seat, shrugging, "After your stunt this morning, you kinda owe me a peek, won't you say? Call it making us even." "Now, now, and what would Deputy Hartley think about that?", he was testing her again, looking for a reaction. All he got from her as response at first was a daring smile, her face softening at the mention of the Sinner, then she finally said, "He'd probably place a bet on the outcome."

John followed the dirt road to his ranch and as they neared, he could see Mathias standing in the driveway, waiting on them as instructed. He put the truck into park and Savannah spoke up again, excitement laced in her voice, "Ah, this is your house? It's so big! Oh, Rin-Rin, we can basically play hide and seek!" Before Sabrina could even respond, her sister was opening the door and climbing out, running straight into Mathias, the unexpected encounter stopping her dead in her tracks, as she stared the man up and down in curiosity. "Sav, no running, please! You stay on me.", she called out as John and her exited the truck, too. "Hello, Mister. Are you a Peggie?", Savannah asked as she scanned Bennett's appearance, at the same time her sister reached her, grabbing her hand. Mathias narrowed his eyes, glancing at John in question before a smile appeared on his face when he turned back to the little girl. Good, following instructions. "Hello, Little Miss Donovan, I've been expecting you.", he reached out a hand for Savannah to shake, "Mathias Bennett, at your service.", then he addressed her sister with a nod, tone dropping as he muttered, "Deputy Donovan." John joined them where they all stood, "Mathias is my most trusted man, Savi, you don't have to worry." Savannah's green eyes lit up at his words. "Hello, nice to meet you, can I call you Benny?", she asked while shaking the man's hand enthusiastically. Mathias winced, but after a pointed look by John he caved in, saying, "Of course." "Deputy, why don't you two go on in? I need to speak with Mathias for a second." Sabrina nodded, a look of understanding passing over her features before she led her sister towards the front door. Mathias watched silently until they disappeared inside the ranch. "Boss, don't take this as me questioning your orders, but-" John frowned, "Sure sounds like you're about to question them, Mathias." "Just… you asked me to put on clothes without our symbol… Joseph-" "Who's in charge here?", he was growing impatient, knowing there were other more important things to discuss. "You, boss. Just why?" "The child is scared of us. I was making things easier for everyone." "I still don't understand why-" "I bought them here?" You and me both. Mathias nodded, his face betraying the fact he was preparing himself for a verbal lashing for the direct question. "I'm doing what I consider best for the Project. Always have, Mathias, and always will." "And if the Father asks?" "I'm the one that's supposed to report to him. He could be testing you. Anything related to the Deputy is above your station, so you tell him to reach out to me." "Noted."

John's face hardened as thoughts of the ambush entered his mind, "There's something more important to figure out, Mathias." "Boss?" "There was an ambush.", he lowered his voice, "The Resistance. Three of them, quite unprepared, but still took us by surprise.", he said the last word with disgust. Mathias gave him a worried look, waiting for more. "There must be a leak, Mathias. You find out who let them know where I would be and I'm going to deal with whoever chose to betray us all." Bennett shook his head, "Boss. No offense, but our men wouldn't do this… That Sinner could have called them for help while you weren't paying attention." John narrowed his eyes in warning, "The Deputy didn't do it, I'm certain of it. She had no opportunity. You worry about finding the traitor. She's my responsibility." He knew Sabrina wouldn't put her sister in danger like that or risk scaring her in any way, that fact was crystal clear to him since the moment they reached that cabin. She had plenty of chances to escape, yet she stayed, even helped him. It wasn't you, Deputy. I know it. And if she did call for help, it would have been Hartley coming to her rescue, not some ill-prepared Sinners. No, that ambush was all about getting revenge on John for trying to cleanse their souls. Charlie had made that painstakingly obvious. The push-back, the anger were nothing new. Mathias remained silent, so John repeated, "Am I clear, Mathias? You find that person and bring them to me. From now on, we're switching channels when it comes to communication related to the Deputy." Bennett finally nodded, an unreadable look on his face, "Anything else, boss?" "I'm heading inside for a minute, then I'm going back to the bunker, you make sure Hudson is prepared for her Confession when I arrive." Sticking to the schedule, returning to his duties would certainly clear his head, erase the thoughts of Sabrina. Yes, it will work. It has to. "Will do.", Mathias walked over to his truck, picking up a walkie as John opened the door to the ranch.

When he stepped inside, Sabrina was just coming down the stairs and gave him a faint smile as she announced, "Savannah chose a room." "Good." She went to cross her arms but at the last second for some reason decided against it, "So… is this going to be a regular occurrence?" John raised an eyebrow in question. "You know, ambushes, people seeking revenge for,", she lowered her voice, "getting kidnapped and tortured." "It's not what-" "Sure, you 'free them from sin'.", she made air quotes as she rolled her eyes, "You kind of get a different perspective of it when you're sitting right next to a torture table, tied to a chair that's on wheels, for some reason." He couldn't stop a smirk from forming, "Are you making fun of my methods, Deputy?" Sabrina shrugged, "I'm not about to give you any advice for more successful torture, don't worry. So, should I expect more trouble or?" "Are you worried about me, Sabrina?", he took a step in her direction, then another, eating away at the distance between them, and she still didn't retreat. "No, John, I'm worried about my sister. You seem capable enough to ensure your survival. All I'm asking is if I'm going to wake up one day and have people with pitchforks, or in our case, rifles, storming your house…" Her words made him smile again, "That sounded almost like a compliment." "Why is it so hard for you to answer a question?" Fine, spoil my fun. "You don't have to worry, I promised to make sure your sister will be comfortable." She nodded, "See, wasn't so hard, right? Thank you." "Anything else? Because I'm heading out." Though in that moment, he couldn't make himself turn around and leave the house, not with how much entertainment she provided as he ruffled her feathers.

"I, well, I do have something else to ask…", she chewed on her lip, worry visible in her eyes. "Yes, Deputy?" "Are you going to tell him about my visions?" John knew who she meant by him. "What do you think?" "I'm hoping for a No, despite your obvious fixation with the other word." Yes. So easy to say, Sabrina. Just say the word. He nodded, "I won't, for the time being. I told you I'm trying to find a solution." "To our Catch-22?" "Yes." Sabrina breathed a sigh of relief, those eyes that haunted him filling with emotion, "Thank you. I don't know why you're really doing this… but, thank you. And for the way you acted when Charlie and his men stopped us… I can't imagine if Savannah had gotten hurt-" "You're welcome.", before he could stop himself, he reached out a hand in an attempt to comfort her, but the second he made contact with her left forearm, she winced. "Deputy?" "I'm fine." John's fingers carefully touched her brown cardigan again and came up bloody. "You're hurt, you're not fine. Why didn't you say anything?", a frown appeared on his face, and it refused to leave his features. "It's nothing." "Sabrina.", his tone held a hint of warning, "You've been bleeding the whole time. It's not nothing." She was back to minimizing, downplaying how she felt and the serious nature of things: her lack of sleep, then her sketches, now this. "I told you I'm fine. I'm fine as long as Savannah is safe. It's all that matters.", her gaze weas full of conviction when they met his, urging him to drop the matter. No, Deputy. I'm not dropping this. "You're not fine. That "kid" shot you. You let him live without facing the consequences. And, you hid the fact you were hurt, instead of telling me." "It's a graze, John, sorry I'm not rushing to you for first aid, knowing our situation. And that boy was scared, trying to defend himself." "After he ambushed us-" "People make mistakes. I could hear him as you fought with Charlie, there was doubt, fear in his voice, even regret." "He could have killed you." And taken you away from me. Sabrina rolled her eyes, "I'm here, aren't I? I can-" "Take care of yourself, oh, I know." She smiled, "Ah, you learn fast. Now only to teach you how to follow simple instructions. There's hope for you, Seed." Her words felt certain, holding a promise that maybe she saw something in him. Something worthy. The look in her hazel eyes was drawing him in again, to reach out, to touch her. No. He couldn't allow it. It was a distraction.

John shut down the urge, instead saying, "There's a first aid kit in the bathroom upstairs, can I trust you to patch that wound on your own before you start bleeding all over my floors?" Sabrina looked at him in amusement, "Here I thought you didn't mind a little bit of blood.", then she added, "I've been taking care of myself, and Savannah, for years, John. Trust me, I need no assistance for a tiny cut."

What if I wanted to take care of you… to know when you're hurt… No. He kept the awful thought to himself when he spoke again, "Good, and stay on the premises, I will know if you haven't." He had to leave before his resolve crumbled bit by bit. John turned his back to Sabrina, opening the door as she called out, "Should I expect you for dinner?" He was tempted to take one last look at her, wondering if he would see hope written on her face at the question, but he didn't allow himself to. "It's my home, after all. Goodbye, Deputy." As he closed the door, he heard a hushed, "Goodbye, John."

[cryoexorcist]

"CHONGYUN!" The high pitched cry of a young girl pierces the air as Rei rushes towards the exorcist, throwing her arms around his waist. Tiny fingers cling to his clothing as she trembles and a series of distraught sobs pour forth from her lips as she struggles to pull her words together. It's several moments before she manages to speak clearly, but even then, Rei is unable to keep her voice steady as she looks up at Chongyun with wide, terrified eyes.

"I k-know you're r-really sad right n-now, b-but-- b-but something's wrong with R-Raven!" Just saying the words nearly has her choking, a fresh deluge of tears spilling down the curves of her cheeks. "H-He's-- He s-started acting f-funny and h-holding his head, and-- a-and he tried to c-cut me with the-- th-the sword that he was w-w-working on, and th-then t-t-told me to r-r-run, s-s-so I d-did, a-and--"

She coughs from just how hard she's trying, eyes rimmed with so much red that they look painful. With another sob, she buries her face into Chongyun's side, her breaths coming in sharp, quick gasps thanks to her panic, "P-Please, y-y-you-- y-y-you g-gotta s-sav-ve h-him! P-Please, C-C-C-Ch--"

Truthfully, Chongyun's been glad for the space. Raven and even Rei leaving him alone for most of the day had been nice, especially considering Chongyun doesn't have the emotional strength to keep playing host.

They'd spent most of the day in a daze, absently walking to the remains of their house, only to turn around and walk back to the harbor. It was a repeat circle throughout the day, with Chongyun completely unsure of what to do with themself at this point. The grief is hard to shake off, and the confusion would've led to anger had Raven kept trying to snap Chongyun out of it and redirect their attention elsewhere.

The sun is setting now, and Chongyun's sitting just outside the city gates, staring up toward Dragonspine. From this point, the mountain looks very small, and Chongyun's thoughts are wondering how small he can make himself if it was possible to mess with size in some way. He's snapped out of his thoughts when Rei's terrified voice cuts through, causing Chongyun to turn to face her. Part of him wants to snap at her, to tell her to go back to Raven and leave him be, but the words die in his throat when the situation becomes evident.

Rei would not be sobbing, or running for him, if Raven was fine. And her words send a chill down Chongyun's spine. 'Something's wrong with Raven.' Immediately, Chongyun's getting back to his feet, reaching for his claymore. It's the one material object he's got left, and he's not about to let it go for anything.

Without thinking, Chongyun's gathering Rei into their arms, ignoring the stabbing pain in their chest. This aches. Chongyun can't push that ache away this time, because this is worry, not grief. "Where is Raven right now?" From disuse, Chongyun's voice is rough sounding, but they clear their throat. "Take me right to him, okay?" Another thought occurs to him. If Raven is lashing out and attacking Rei, then something far more sinister is going on. Chongyun CAN'T risk Rei getting hurt; it would destroy Raven.

Chongyun can't lose her either.

"After you take me to him, I want you to run to Xiangling's restaurant and hide in the back with her, okay? Don't come out until I come get you and say it's okay."

There's no more room to grieve, no more room to worry. Whatever's going on, Chongyun is not going to let it destroy what little family he's got left.

[a-z0-9-i-n-gram-completionist]

1:    0 1 2 4 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z    32/36    (26/26)    (6/10)

2:    08 11 18 19 41 42 84 90 ab ac ad ag ai aj ak al am an ap ar as at av aw ay ba bd be bi bl bo br bs bu by ca cc ce ch ci ck cl co cr cs ct cu cy da dd de df di dl dn do dr ds du dy ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei el em en eo ep eq er es et ev ew ex ey fa fe fi fo fr ft fu ga ge gh gi gl go gr gs gt gy ha he hi hn ho hr ht hu hy ia ib ic id ie if ig il im in io ip ir is it iu iv iz jo ju ke ki kn ks ky la ld le lf li lk ll lm lo ls lu lv ly ma me mh mi mo mp ms mu my na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nk nl nn no ns nt nu nv ny oa ob oc od oe of og oi ol om on oo op or os ot ou ow ox oy pa pe ph pi pl pm po pp pr ps pt pu qu ra rd re rg ri rk rl rm rn ro rp rr rs rt ru ry rz sa sc se sh si sk sm sn so sp sq ss st su sw sy ta te th ti tl to tr ts tt tu tw ty ua ub uc ud ue ug ui ul um un uo up ur us ut ve vi wa we wh wi wo wr xc xe xi xt xu yb yg yl ym yn yo yp ys yx ze zo    290/1296    (282/676)    (8/100)

3:    184 190 842 908 abd abl aca acc aci ack acr acs act ade ads age ain ajo ake aki ale ali alk all alm alo als ame ami amp ana anc and ane ang ani ans ant anu any ape app ard are arg ark arl arm aro arr ars art ase ask ass ata ate ath ati ato att atu ave avi awa awr ayb bab bac bal bas bdo bea bed beh bel bet bey bio bis bit ble blo bly bod bon bou bow boy bra bre bst bul bur but cal can cav cce ccy cee cen cep che chi cia cie cin cks cky cle clo clu coc com con cos cre cri cru cti ctu cul cut cyx dar dda dea dee den deo dep der des dfi did die din dis dle dne doe dom don dor dul dur ead eak eal ear eat ebr eci ecr ect edd edi eed eei eem een efe egi egs ehi ein eir eit ela ele elf ell elo elv ely ema eme emo emp ems emu enb enc end eng enh eno ent env eos eou epo eps ept equ era ere eri erl erm ern err ers ert eru ery erz esc ese esn esp ess est eta ete eto etw ety eve evi ewh exc exe ext exu eyo fam far fat fem fer fes fib fie fif fin fir fis for fos fra fro fth fur fus gap gel gem ges ght gic gif gio gir gla glu gol gon gou gre gro gth gys han hap hat hav hea hei hem hen her hes hey hic hig him hin hip hir his hit hiu hna hol hot hou hro hum hus hym ial iar ibe ibi ibu ica ice ich ick icu ide idf ied ien ier ies iet ife ifi ift igh ila ili ill ima imi ims ina inc ind ine inf ing ink ins int inu iny iof ion ior iou ips ird irs isc ise ish iso isp iss ist ite ith iti its itt ity ium ive ize joi jor jus jut ked kel kes kin kiv kne kno ksc lan lar lat lde leg len les let lex lia lie lif lis lit lli llo lls lly lmo loa log lon loo lop lou low lso lue lun lus lvi lym lyp mag maj mak mal man mar mas mat may mel men mer met mew mil min mit moo mor mos mou mph mpl mpr mse mur mus myg nac nad nal nat nbo nce ncl nde ndi ndn ndo nds ndu nec nee nei neo nes nex nfr nge ngs ngt ngy nhn nim nky nly nne nop nor nos not now nox nse nsi nst nsw nta nte nti ntl nto ntr nts ntu nuo nus nve oac oat oba occ oce oci odi ody oes ofi oft ogi ogo ogs oin old ole olo oma ome omi omp omy ona ond one onl onn ons ont ool oos oot ope ops opt ora org ori orm ors ose osi oss ost osu ota ote oth oti oto oug oun oup ous out owe owi oxi oyl par pat pea pec ped pel per pho pic pin ple pli pmh poi pos ppa ppe ppo pre pri pro pte pti pub qua que qui rac rai ral ran rap rat raw rdl rea rec red ref reg rel rem ren res ret rev rge ria rib rig rin rio ris rit rki rks rly rma rmi rmo rms rns roa rob roc rog rom rop ros rou row rpr rra rro rru rsa rse rsi rst rte rth rti rto rts ruc rum rus sac sal sam sav say sch sci scl scr scu sec sed see sel seq ses sha she sid sim sio sis sit siv siz ske ski sma smo soc sof som sop sor spe spi spo squ sso ssu sta ste sti stl sto sts stu sty sua sub suc sue sup sur sus swe syn tai tak tal tan tar tat tea teb ted ten ter tes tha the thi tho thr thu thy tib tic tid tin tio tip tis tiv tle tly tom ton too tot tre tri tsi tte ttl tty tua tud tur tus twe two tyl typ ual uar uat ubi ubs uch uco udi uea uen ues ugh uit ula ume und ung unt unu uou upp ups ure uri urn uro urp urr urs urt usc use usi ust usu uta ute uts vel ver vic vid vil vit war wee wel wer wha whe whi who why win wit xcl xem xio xte xtr xus ybe ygo yle ylo yme ymp ymu yno yon you ypi ypm yst zoo    802/46656    (798/17576)    (4/1000)

4:    1842 1908 abdo able ably acce acin acru acti actu adep ages ainf ajor akes akin alis allo alls ally almo alog also amil ampl anal anat ance ands andu aneo ange anim answ ants anus aped appa appe area aren arge arki arks arly arms arou arra arsa arte arti arts ased aske atar ated ater athe atid atio ativ atom atte atty atur avit awar aybe babl back ball base bdom bear bedd behi belo betw beyo biof bitt blog bodi body bone boun boyl brat brev bsta bula burr bute call cavi ccen ccyx ceed cent ceps cept cher chiu cial cien ciet cing cles cloa clus cocc comp conn cons cont cosu cret crib crum ctio ctua ctus cula cuta dard ddar deal deed denb denc deos depo dept desc dfis died dies diet ding disp dnes does dome domi dors dula duri eaki eall ears eart ebra ecia ecre ecti ectu edda edin edis eedi eein eems efer egio ehin eing eith elat elet elop elow elvi emal emel emen emor empl emur enbo ence endi ends engt engy enhn enop enor enti entl entu enve eous epos epti eque eral eran ered eres erio erly ermi erru erse ersi erte erti erto erus escr espe esti esty etal etat eton etwe ever evic evid ewha excl exem exte extr exus eyon fami fatt fema femo femu fest fibu fied fift find firs fish form foss frac frog from furt fuse gely geme gest gica gion gird glan glue gold gona gous grea grou gyst hape have head hear heir here hert herz hese hich high hims hind hing hips hird hite hium hnac hole hoto houg hroa hume hyme hymu iall ibed ibio ibul ibut ical icep icks icky icul idea iden ideo ides idfi ienc iety ifes ifie ifth ight ilar ilia illi imag imal imil imse inal incl inde infr ings inky inse insi inst inte into ints inuo iofi ions ious irdl irst isch ishe isop ispo issu ists ites ithe itio ittl itty ivel join jori just juts kele king kink kive knee know ksch land larg larl late lati latu lden legs leng leta leto lexu liar lier life lifi litt llie llow lmos loac logi logo lond loos lope lops lowe lowi lung lusi lvic lymp lypm mage majo make male mall many mark mass mati mayb mely meno ment meru meta mewh mila mili mina mite moot mora most moun mous mple mpli mpri msel murs musc must mygo naci nads nali nalo nato nboy nclu ndee nder ndin ndne ndon ndul nect neit neou ness next nfro ngem ngth ngys nhna nima nnec nopt norm nost note noxi nsec nseq nsid nsis nste nswe ntai nter ntin ntio ntly ntri ntua nuou nusu nvel oaca obab occy ocee ocie odie oesn ofib ogic ogou oint olde olog omat omen omew omin ompr onad ondo only onne onse onsi onta onti ontr oolo oose ooth oped oper opte oral oria orit orma ormo orsa oses osit osso oste osto osty osus otal oted othe otic ough ound ount oups outs ower owin oxio oylo pare part patt pear peci pelv perl phot pica pine plex plif poin pose posi post ppar ppea ppos pred pris prob proc prop pter ptid pubi quar quea quen ques quit ract rain rang rans rapp rate rath rawr rdle real reat rect redi refe regi rela reme rent rest rete reve revi rgel rges rial ribe ribu righ ring rior rise rity rkiv rksc rmat rmit rmou roat roba roce rogs rope rost roun roup rowe rpri rran rrou rrow rruc rsal rsed rsio rstl rteb rter rthe rtic rton ruco sacr sacs sals same save sche schi scie scle scri scul secr sect seei seem self sequ shap shes side sidf simi sion sist siti sits sive size sked skel skin smal smoo soci soft some sopt sori spec spin spos sque ssor ssue stan stea ster stic stin stio stly stom stot stud styl sual subs such supp surp surr swer syno tain take talk tanc tane tars tata tead tebr tend tera tere teri term tern than that thei them ther thes they thig thin thir this thou thro thus thym tibi tica tick ticu ting tinu tiny tion tips tiss tive toma tomy tons tota toti trem trib tsid tter ttle tual tuat tudi ture turn twee tyle typi uall uart uate ubis ubst ucos udie ueak uenc uest uite ular ulat umer unde undi undn ungs unus uous uppo urin urns uros urpr urro urth uscl uscu used usio usiv usua utan utsi velo vely verr vers vert very vice vide vill vity ware ween well were wers what when whic whit whol wing with xclu xemp xiou xten xtre ygol ylou ymen ymph ymus ynos

yond ypic ypmh ysto zool    815/1679616    (813/456976)    (2/10000)

5:    abdom accen acing acrum actio actua adept ainfr ajori aking allow almos alogo amili ample analo anato andul aneou angem anima answe appar appea arent argel arges arkiv arksc aroun arran arsal arter artic asked atars atera ather ation ative atomy atter ature avity aware bably balls based bdome bdomi bedda behin below betwe beyon biofi bitty bodie bound boylo brate brevi bstan burro cally cavit ccent ceedi centu cepti cherz chium ciall cienc ciety cloac clusi coccy compr conne conse consi conta conti contr cosus crete cribe ction ctual cular culat cutan ddard denbo dence depos descr dfish dings dispo dness doesn domen domin dorsa dular durin eakin eally earts ebrat ecial ecret ectio ectus eddar eding edisp eedin eeing egion ehind eithe elati eleta eleto elope elops elvic emale emely ement emora empli emurs enboy endin ength engys enhna enopt enorm entio ently entua envel eposi eptid equen erans erest erior ermit erruc ersed ersio erteb ertic erton escri espec estin estio estyl etata etons etwee evers evice evide ewhat exclu exemp exten extre eyond famil fatty femal femor femur festy fibul fifth first fishe forma fosso fract frogs furth fused gemen gical girdl gland golde gonad great group gysto haped heart herto himse hnaci hough hroat humer hymen hymus ially ibiof ibula ibute icall iceps icept icula ideal idenc ideos idfis ience ifest ified ilarl iliar illie image imila imsel inali inclu indee infro insec insid inste inter inuou iofib irdle irstl ischi ishes isopt ispos issue ither ition ittle ively joint jorit kelet kinky ksche lands landu large larly later lativ latur ldenb lengt letal leton lexus lifes lifie littl llier llowi lmost loaca logic logou londo loose loped lower lowin lungs lusio lusiv lymph lypmh mages major makes marks matid matio maybe menop menti merus metat mewha milar milia minal mites mooth moral mount mplex mplif mpris mself muscl muscu mygol nacin nalis nalog natom nboyl nclus ndeed nding ndnes ndula necti neith neous nfrog ngeme ngyst nhnac nimal nnect nopte normo nosto noted noxio nsect nsequ nside nsist nstea nswer ntain ntere ntinu ntion ntrib ntuat nuous nusua nvelo obabl occyx oceed ociet odies ofibu ogica ogous oints olden ologi omati omewh omina ompri onads ondon onnec onseq onsis ontai ontin ontri oolog operl opter orial ority ormat ormou orsal ositi osits ossor oster ostot ostyl other otica ounde oundi oundn outsi owers owing oxiou oylou paren parti patte pears pecia pelvi perly photo pical plexu plifi point poses posit poste ppare ppear ppose predi prise proba proce prope ptera pubis quart queak quenc quest quite racti rainf range rathe reall rectu redis refer regio relat remel rentl resti rever revic rgely rgest ribed ribut right rkive rksch rmati rmite rmous robab rocee roper rosty round roups rower rpris rrang rroun rrowe rruco rsals rsion rstly rtebr rther rtica rticu rucos sacru scher schiu scien scles scrib scula secre seein seems seque shape sides sidfi simil sists sitio sivel skele small smoot socie somew sopte soria speci spine spose squea ssori stanc stead steri stick sting stion stoma stoti studi style suall subst suppo surpr surro swere synos tance taneo tarsa tatar tebra tendi tends teral teran teres terio termi their there thert these thigh thing third thoug throa thymu tibio tical ticks ticky ticul tinuo tions tissu tomat total totic treme tribu tside ttern tuall tuate tudie turns tween typic ually uarte uated ubsta ucosu udied ueaki uence uesti ularl ulatu umeru under undin undne unusu uppos uring urost urpri urrou urrow urthe uscle uscul usion usive usual utane utsid velop verru verse versi verte verti vicep viden video villi wered which white whole xclus xempl xious xtend xtrem ygold ymeno ynost ypica ystom zoolo    622/60466176    (622/11881376)

6:    abdome abdomi accent action actual ainfro ajorit allowi almost alogou amilia amplex analog anatom andula aneous angeme animal answer appare appear arentl argely argest arkive arksch around arrang arsals articu atarsa ateral athert ations attern bdomen bdomin beddar behind betwee beyond biofib bodies boylou brevic bstanc burrow cavity ccentu ceedin centua ceptid cially cience cloaca clusio clusiv coccyx compri connec conseq consis contai contin contri cribed ctions ctuall cularl culatu cutane denboy deposi descri dfishe dispos domina dorsal during eaking ebrate eciall ecrete ection eddard edings edispo eeding either elativ eletal eleton eloped emoral emplif enboyl ending engyst enhnac enopte enormo ention entuat envelo eposit equenc eresti ermite erruco ersion ertebr ertica escrib especi esting estion estyle etatar etween everse evicep eviden exclus exempl extend extrem famili female femora femurs festyl fibula firstl fishes format fossor fracti furthe gement girdle glands glandu golden gonads groups gystom hearts herton himsel hnacin humeru hymeno ibiofi ically icepti icular idence idfish ifesty ilarly illier images imilar imself inalis inclus indeed infrog insect inside instea intere inuous iofibu irstly ischiu isopte ispose jority keleta keleto kscher landul largel larges latera lative lature ldenbo length letons lifest lified little llowin logica logous london lowing lusion lusive majori marksc mation menopt mentio metata mewhat milarl miliar minali mplexu mplifi mprise muscle muscul mygold nacing nalogo natomy nboylo nclusi ndness ndular nectio neithe nfrogs ngemen ngysto nhnaci nnecti nopter normou nostot noxiou nseque nsists nstead nswere nteres ntinuo ntribu ntuate nusual nvelop obably oceedi ociety ofibul ogical oldenb ologic omatid omewha ominal ompris onnect onsequ onsist ontain ontinu ontrib oologi operly optera ormati ormous ositio ossori osteri ostoti ostyle otical ounder oundin oundne outsid oxious parent partic patter pecial pelvic plexus plifie points positi posits poster pparen ppears predis probab procee proper pteran quarte queaki quence questi ractio rainfr rangem rather really rectus redisp region relati remely rently restin revers revice ribute rksche rmatio rmites robabl roceed roperl rostyl rounde roundi roundn rowers rprise rrange rround rrower rrucos rtebra rtical rticul rucosu sacrum scherz schium scienc scribe scular sculat secret seeing sequen shaped sidfis simila sition sively skelet smooth societ somewh sopter sorial specia sposes squeak ssoria stance sterio sticks sticky stomat stotic studie sually substa suppos surpri surrou swered synost taneou tarsal tatars tebrat tendin terans terest terior termit therto though throat thymus tibiof ticall ticula tinuou tissue tomati totica tremel tribut tually tuated tudied typica uarter ubstan ucosus ueakin uestio ularly ulatur umerus unding undnes unusua uppose urosty urpris urroun urrowe urther uscles uscula usivel usuall utaneo utside velope velops verruc versed versio verteb vertic viceps vicept videnc videos villie xclusi xempli xtendi xtends xtreme ygolde ymenop ynosto ypical ystoma zoolog    446/2176782336    (446/308915776)

7:    abdomen abdomin accentu actuall ainfrog ajority allowin alogous amiliar amplexu analogo anatomy andular angemen answere apparen appears arently arksche arrange articul atarsal atherto bdomina beddard between biofibu brevice bstance burrowe ccentua ceeding centuat clusion clusive compris connect consequ consist contain continu contrib ctually cularly culatur cutaneo denboyl deposit describ dfishes dispose dominal ecially ections edispos eedings elative eletons emplifi enboylo engysto enhnaci enopter enormou entuate envelop eposits equence erestin ermites errucos ertebra ertical escribe especia etatars eversed eviceps evicept evidenc exclusi exempli extendi extends extreme familia femoral festyle firstly formati fossori fractio further glandul goldenb gystoma himself hnacing humerus hymenop ibiofib iceptid icularl idfishe ifestyl imilarl inclusi infrogs instead interes iofibul ischium isopter isposes keletal keleton kscherz landula largely largest lateral ldenboy lifesty llowing logical lusivel majorit marksch mations menopte mention metatar milarly minalis mplexus mplifie muscles muscula mygolde nalogou nboylou nclusio nection neither ngement ngystom nhnacin nnectio noptera normous nostoti noxious nsequen nswered nterest ntinuou ntribut ntuated nusuall nvelope nvelops oceedin ofibula oldenbo ologica omewhat ominali omprise onnecti onseque onsists ontinuo ontribu oologic opteran ormatio osition ossoria osterio ostotic oticall ounding oundnes outside parentl particu pattern peciall plified positio posteri pparent predisp probabl proceed properl pterans quarter queakin questio raction rainfro rangeme redispo relativ resting reverse revicep rkscher rmation robably roceedi roperly rostyle rounder roundin roundne rrangem rroundi rrowers rrucosu rtebrat rticula rucosus science scribed sculatu secrete sequenc sidfish similar skeleta skeleto society somewha soptera special squeaki ssorial sterior stomati stotica studied substan suppose surpris surroun synosto taneous tarsals tatarsa tebrate tending teresti termite therton tibiofi tically ticular tinuous tomatid totical tremely tribute typical ubstanc ueaking uestion ulature undness unusual urostyl urprise urround urrower uscular usculat usively usually utaneou veloped verruco version vertebr vertica vicepti vidence villier xclusiv xemplif xtendin xtremel ygolden ymenopt ynostot ystomat zoologi    297/78364164096    (297/8031810176)

8:    abdomina accentua actually ainfrogs allowing amplexus analogou angement answered apparent arkscher arrangem articula atarsals atherton bdominal biofibul brevicep burrower ccentuat ceedings centuate clusivel comprise connecti conseque consists continuo contribu culature cutaneou denboylo deposits describe disposes dominali edispose emplifie enboylou engystom enhnacin enoptera enormous entuated envelope envelops eresting errucosu ertebrat escribed especial etatarsa evicepti evidence exclusiv exemplif extendin extremel familiar formatio fossoria fraction glandula goldenbo gystomat hymenopt ibiofibu icularly idfishes ifestyle imilarly inclusio interest iofibula isoptera keletons landular ldenboyl lifestyl lusively majority marksche menopter metatars mplified muscular musculat mygolden nalogous nclusion nections ngystoma nhnacing nnection nopteran nostotic nsequenc nteresti ntinuous ntribute nusually nveloped oceeding oldenboy ological ominalis onnectio onsequen ontinuou ontribut oologica opterans ormation ossorial osterior ostotica otically oundness parently particul pecially position posterio pparentl predispo probably proceedi properly queaking question rainfrog rangemen redispos relative reversed reviceps revicept rkscherz rmations roceedin rounding roundnes rrangeme rroundin rrucosus rtebrate rticular sculatur sequence sidfishe similarl skeletal skeleton somewhat sopteran speciall squeakin stomatid stotical substanc surprise surround synostot tatarsal terestin termites tibiofib ticularl toticall ubstance unusuall urostyle urroundi urrowers usculatu utaneous verrucos vertebra vertical viceptid xclusive xemplifi xtending xtremely ygoldenb ymenopte ynostoti ystomati zoologic    189/2821109907456    (189/208827064576)

9:    abdominal accentuat analogous apparentl arkscherz arrangeme articular bdominali biofibula breviceps brevicept burrowers ccentuate centuated clusively connectio consequen continuou contribut cutaneous denboylou described dominalis edisposes emplified engystoma enhnacing enopteran enveloped errucosus ertebrate especiall etatarsal eviceptid exclusive exemplifi extending extremely formation fossorial glandular goldenboy gystomati hymenopte ibiofibul inclusion interesti isopteran ldenboylo lifestyle markscher menoptera metatarsa musculatu mygoldenb ngystomat nnections nopterans nostotica nsequence nterestin oceedings oldenboyl onnection onsequenc ontinuous ontribute oological ormations ostotical particula posterior pparently predispos proceedin rainfrogs rangement redispose revicepti roceeding roundness rrangemen rrounding rticularl sculature sidfishes similarly skeletons sopterans specially squeaking stoticall substance surroundi synostoti tatarsals teresting tibiofibu ticularly totically unusually urroundin usculatur verrucosu vertebrat xclusivel xemplifie ygoldenbo ymenopter ynostotic ystomatid zoologica    112/101559956668416    (112/5429503678976)

10:    abdominali accentuate apparently arrangemen articularl bdominalis brevicepti ccentuated connection consequenc continuous contribute engystomat enopterans especially etatarsals exclusivel exemplifie formations goldenboyl gystomatid hymenopter ibiofibula interestin isopterans ldenboylou markscherz menopteran metatarsal musculatur mygoldenbo ngystomati nostotical nteresting oldenboylo onnections onsequence ostoticall particular predispose proceeding redisposes reviceptid roceedings rrangement rticularly stotically surroundin synostotic tibiofibul urrounding usculature verrucosus vertebrate xclusively xemplified ygoldenboy ymenoptera ynostotica zoological    60/3656158440062976    (60/141167095653376)

11:    abdominalis accentuated arrangement articularly breviceptid connections consequence engystomati exclusively exemplified goldenboylo hymenoptera interesting menopterans metatarsals musculature mygoldenboy ngystomatid nostoticall oldenboylou ostotically particularl predisposes proceedings surrounding synostotica tibiofibula ygoldenboyl ymenopteran ynostotical    30/131621703842267136    (30/3670344486987776)

12:    engystomatid goldenboylou hymenopteran mygoldenboyl nostotically particularly synostotical ygoldenboylo ymenopterans ynostoticall    10/4738381338321616896    (10/95428956661682176)

13:    hymenopterans mygoldenboylo synostoticall ygoldenboylou ynostotically    5/170581728179578208256    (5/2481152873203736576)

14:    mygoldenboylou synostotically    2/6140942214464815497216    (2/64509974703297150976)

Why are rain frogs so round? What's /inside/ of them around such an itty bitty skeleton?

So it turns out this is a really interesting question.

The first thing we must be aware of is that rainfrogs as we see them in videos of them squeaking are not quite the same shape as they are when at rest:

[x]

But you are quite right, they are very round. This is exemplified by the skeletal photo you refer to:

[X]

So what are we seeing?

Well, firstly, note that the body cavity in these frogs actually envelops the femurs, such that only the tibiofibula (fused in frogs) and the tarsals and metatarsals are outside the body. The arms are quite similarly enveloped, but a bit of the humerus does extend outside the body cavity too. This predisposes them to a rounder body shape.

Next, note the ilia - the U-shaped bone in the pelvic region. These in some breviceptid frogs are synostotically fused with the sacrum - that is to say, they are bound by bone-based connections to the bow-shaped vertebra at their tips. This whole joint seems to be quite smooth, and as a consequence, the back of the frog is quite smooth. The other thing we can see here is that the urostyle (i.e. the frog version of a coccyx) juts quite far beyond the ischium and pubis. This extends the body cavity beyond the hips. Note also that the pelvic girdle seems to be largely below the spine, rather than the typical position for frogs behind it and continuous with it. This makes the legs sit below the spine, rather than at its end, enhnacing the vertical roundness of the animal.

Next, let’s talk some soft tissue. Now, I’m not as familiar with soft-tissue in frogs as I am their skeletons, so you’ll have to bear with me a bit (rawr). Beddard (1908!!) studied the soft tissue of Breviceps verrucosus Rapp 1842. It seems that the majority of the body of these frogs is actually muscle. Beddard noted that muscles join the leg at the knee that extend into the body cavity, such that the inclusion of the thigh in the body cavity is further accentuated by musculature. The rectus abdominalis muscle is unusually large, extending from the lower abdomen up and around the sides of the body. Indeed, this large size appears to be the pattern with all of the major muscles, though in the throat the typical arrangement of large and small muscles is somewhat reversed. On the lateral side of the head, there is a substance that is not muscle, but appears to be loose tissue in which sits what is apparently the thymus gland.

There is a very large gap between the end of the urostyle and the anus (one fifth of the total length of the frog), in which there are almost no muscles, save for the one surrounding the lower cloaca. On either side of this area, between the posterior-most muscles of the thigh, lie two large ‘lymph-hearts’, as described by Beddard. These are between one quarter and one third of the total length of the frog. A further lypmh-sac sits between these lymph-hearts and the skin of the femoral region, and they are thus probably analogous to the femoral lymph-sacs of other frogs.

I find it interesting that Beddard (1908) did not mention any glandular formations in the dorsal region. As is evidence from many images (see below), these frogs are able to secrete a white, sticky, noxious substance from their skin (which they actually have to use during amplexus, as the male is too small relative to the female to mount her properly, and so he sticks himself to her with his glandular glue… kinky).

[x]

These glands do not apparently take up a great deal of the cutaneous tissue, and so I suppose are of no consequence to the size of the frog, especially relative to its enormous muscles.

The diet of these frogs consists almost exclusively of hymenopterans and isopterans (ants and termites). Neither of these insect groups are particularly fatty, so it is little surprise that their bodies appear to contain no large fat deposits - fatty bodies extend from the gonads up to the lungs and heart, but these comprise only a tiny fraction of the frog’s mass, and don’t contribute to the round shape. Instead, their bodies are extremely muscular, allowing them to be adept burrowers, ideal for their fossorial lifestyle.

So TL;DR: rain frogs are little balls of muscle (maybe the largest muscle mass relative to body mass of any vertebrate? science just doesn’t know).

Ref:

Beddard, F.E. 1908. On the Musculature and other Points in the Anatomy of the Engystomatid Frog, Breviceps verrucosus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908:11-41 [x]

[piperslovebot]

Dair - Savvy J

(While Savvy J started out with Holly J liking Sav in s7 and Dair hated each other, both were slowburns. And Sav and Dan started out in unhealthy on-and-off relationships with Anya and Serena, who Holly J and Blair are besties with.)

D*rena - S*nya

(Both start out strong but end up being unhealthy on-and-off relationships.)

Ch*ir - D*lly J

(Chuck and Declan are the “rich bad boys” while Blair and Holly J are the “queen bees”. Both men go after the women without taking “no” for an answer, force themselves on the girls, and act like literal children when they move on.)

[tiredassmage]

WIP Guessing Game: Explosion

Send me a word and if it's in one of my WIPs, I'll post the sentence or line it appears in!

“Commander.” Savosta’s jaw set harshly as the holo flickered into life, almost immediately rocked by an explosion in the background.

“Lord Wrath.” The former Cipher Nine appeared out of the static with a grim frown already set across his lips and stern lines drawn across his features, armed and apparently in the middle of duty.

Ziost? Ziost. From the still unnamed (properly) Ziost fic.

[toursoman]

What are the airports near Folly Beach SC?

There are no airports located in Folly Beach, SC. However, the closest major airports are:

Charleston International Airport (CHS) – This is the main airport serving the Charleston metropolitan area and is located approximately 15-20 miles from Beach.

Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport (SAV) – This airport is located about 90 miles south of Beach, near the Georgia/South Carolina border. It’s another option for travelers looking to get to the Beach area.

Folly Beach is located just 10 miles from Charleston Harbor but does not indicate the presence of an airport within the Beach itself. The closest major airport is Charleston International Airport. By Charleston to Beach shuttle from MECCA LIMO SERVICE, you can arrive in a short 30-minute drive from the Beach area.

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Airport Transfers Ridgeland SC

How to get to Hilton Head from airport? You can get a rental car, taxi, or limo at the airport. If you take a commercial flight to the Hilton Head Island Airport, you can connect at Charlotte. There are also several flights daily to the Island on Delta Airlines from Atlanta. You can get a rental car, taxi, or limo at the airport.

Is Uber available at Hilton Head airport? Do Uber driver-partners pick up at HHH Airport? Yes. Tap here for a list of airports around the world where you can request a ride with Uber.

What airport services Bluffton sc?

Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport is the closest major airport to Bluffton, South Carolina, conveniently located just a short drive away.

Okatie Shuttle Service

If you need an SAV airport ride to or from Okatie we can help you find and book quality ground transportation options from trusted partners. Options include shuttle, town car, SUV and limo from quality providers as Supershuttle, Groundlink and Blacklane. Airport Transfers Okatie

The cheapest ride to or from Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport will usually be shared shuttle van. Private shuttles are an option for larger or families, with town cars and SUV’s being popular for individuals and couples who want a little more comfort.

View the map for the suggested route between SAV and Okatie though bear in mind this is for guidance only.

What is the closest airport to Ridgeland South Carolina?

The nearest airport to Ridgeland is Hilton Head (HHH) Airport which is 24.5 miles away. Other nearby airports include Savannah (SAV) (27.5 miles) and Charleston (CHS) (61.9 miles). Airport Transfers Ridgeland SC

What is the closest airport to Beaufort?

Hilton Head Island Airport (bcgov.net), on Hilton Head Island and within a 55-minute drive of Beaufort, is a small regional airport offering passenger flights through U.S. Airways to and from Charlotte, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C.  Airport Transfers Beaufort

Rome2Rio makes travelling from Norman Manley International Airport to Port Royal easy.

Rome2Rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. Find all the transport options for your trip from Norman Manley International Airport to Port Royal right here. Rome2Rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and estimated fares from relevant transport operators, ensuring you can make an informed decision about which option will suit you best. Rome2Rio also offers online bookings for selected operators, making reservations easy and straightforward.

Airport Transportation in Hardeeville

Looking for hassle-free airport transportation in Hardeeville? Look no further than our chauffeur service. Our experienced drivers will pick you up from Hardeeville airport and take you to your destination in style and comfort. We offer affordable rates and top-notch service for all your airport transportation needs.

How to get from airport to Savannah GA?

Chatham Area Transit (CAT), Savannah's local bus network, provides cheap and convenient transportation to and from Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport, via its 100X Airport Express route (another service, Route 3, passes by the airport but does not stop at the terminal).

Can you get an Uber from Savannah Airport?

Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport. Riders at SAV can request rides with Uber when leaving the airport. Learn how to receive these trip requests and get in on the action.

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[greensparty]

Movie Review: Chasing Chasing Amy

There is a joke among documentarians and filmmakers that often times, a filmmaker sets out to make a doc about a topic and instead of diving deep into the topic, they end up interviewing their siblings and parents and they end up talking a lot about their own interest in the topic. But the genius in the new documentary Chasing Chasing Amy about Kevin Smith’s 1997 film Chasing Amy is that director Sav Rodgers has it both ways: it’s a deep dive into the indie comedy but it’s also a very personal film about the role the film had on Rodgers coming out and transitioning to male. You get the deep dive, but also the talking with parents about their interest in the topic! The doc has been creating a buzz at film festivals in recent months. I took an interest immediately when I heard about this because of my interest in Kevin Smith and Chasing Amy.

movie poster

For context: Chasing Amy was the third film in Smith’s NJ Trilogy about guys dealing with their relationships in NJ following the sardonic Clerks and the whimsical Mallrats. After the $6 mil. studio production Mallrats flopped, Smith went back to his indie roots and did Chasing Amy for $250K. At this time, I was heavily influenced by his films. A few weeks before the release, Kevin Smith came to Boston to do a special advance screening at the Nickelodeon cinema. He did a lively Q&A and was joined by his lead actor and Boston native Ben Affleck. They talked about how they were getting ready to film Good Will Hunting (Affleck was an actor/writer and Smith an executive producer). Afterwards, I met them and they signed autographs for me. Cool guys! This is definitely Smith’s strongest directing. I still consider Clerks my favorite movie, but Amy is superior in many ways. I saw Chasing Amy again a few months later and again in 1998 at Smith’s Vulgarthon Festival. There wasn’t an official soundtrack album released, but I ordered an unofficial CD from the News Askew website (early fan website of Smith’s films). The film itself looks at the complexities of relationships. It is about a heterosexual male (Ben Affleck) who falls in love with a lesbian (Joey Lauren Adams), but on many levels it is about the insecurities one can face in a relationship and the problems therein. But I digress. In the year 2023, Chasing Amy is looked at very differently. In 1997, sexual identifications like pan sexual, poly sexual or sexually fluid were not well known terms. One way of reading the film is that it’s a woman who is gay until she meets the right man and then she is “cured” of being a lesbian. Another way of looking at it is that the character of Alyssa Jones is independent and owns her sexuality, doing whatever she wants regardless of labels or what her lesbian friends might think or her male partner might think of her. Another reading of this from the standpoint of film history is that gay characters were rarely represented in cinema and when they were they were victims, stereotypes or caricatures, but here was a hip young New Yorker who creates comic books and jumps onstage to sing with an indie rock band. She was cool that’s for sure!

theatrical movie poster of Chasing Amy

Rodgers did a Ted Talk about Chasing Amy in 2019 that went viral. This doc is seriously unpacking the film from a lot of different angles: film pundits, cast, crew and programmers chiming in on it, but it goes beyond that and actually talks with Kevin Smith about all of the influences on the movie, most notably his relationship at the time with actress Joey Lauren Adams. As a documentarian who has made a doc heavy on archival footage, I was quite impressed with a number of the clips and footage presented in this doc. Interwoven throughout the doc about Chasing Amy is Sav’s story about growing up in Kansas and even before knowing their own sexuality was inspired by Chasing Amy’s representation. Sav does talk with his girlfriend and mother and he even hits up all of the locations featured in Chasing Amy in NJ and NY. But it’s the interviews with Smith and Adams (together and separately) that push this beyond a fan doc. That is when it’s getting deeper into the idea that the film might have meant something to Sav, but it wasn’t a positive memory for those involved (the time period and what went along with being an actress at that time was very different for Adams). Smith actually forms a friendship with Sav and it seems like he is very appreciative for getting recognition for the film all these years later that many now look at as problematic. This doc is really two docs about the film and about the doc filmmaker, but Sav’s story is so fascinating that the interweaving of both works here in a way it wouldn’t for just anyone.

For info on Chasing Chasing Amy: https://www.chasingamydoc.com/

4.5 out of 5 stars 

[webnewsify1]

Avelo Airlines Expands Base in Wilmington

Avelo Airlines, a U.S. startup, is adding a second Boeing 737 to its Wilmington Airport (ILG) base and launching nine new routes from the Delaware airport, which began without airline service in 2023. The extension, announced on April 20, represents a drastic shift in ILG's fortunes, which lost a lone route run by Frontier Airlines to Orlando (MCO) in June 2022. However, on February 1, Avelo launched a route to Orlando and built an aircraft base with one 737-700. Wilmington was soon joined by Florida cities Fort Lauderdale (FLL), Fort Myers (RSW), Tampa (TPA), and West Palm Beach (PBI). All five routes are served twice a week. Avelo plans to add a second 737-800 to the base in June and replace the 149-seat 737-700 at ILG with a 189-seat 737-800. Nine more routes will shortly be added, providing a substitute for the nearby Philadelphia International (PHL), particularly for flights to Florida. Wilmington Airport, located 25 miles south of PHL and 75 miles east of Baltimore-Washington International (BWI), was traditionally disregarded by airlines, with the exception of intermittent Frontier service. Avelo said it will hire 35 more people at the airport, bringing its total number of employees to more than 100. The airline will serve 14 cities from ILG by the end of June, including seven in Florida. From Wilmington, the airline will begin service to nine cities between June 22 and June 28. The routes will be covered twice every week, with the exception of Myrtle Beach (MYR), South Carolina, which will be served three times per week. Nashville (BNA), Daytona Beach (DAB), and Melbourne (MLB) in Florida; Charleston (CHS) and Greenville/Spartanburg (GSB) in South Carolina; Raleigh/Durham (RDU) and Wilmington (ILM) in North Carolina; and Savannah (SAV) in Georgia are among the new destinations. According to a statement from Andrew Levy, CEO of Avelo, "We are happy with the positive reaction Avelo has gotten since our airline took flight in February. We're thrilled to introduce Wilmington to these nine additional routes to some of our most well-liked east coast destinations "based on this initial customer response to our first five Florida routes." Our goal is to be the airport of choice for those in Delaware, southern Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland who want reasonable rates, good service, and a pleasant airport experience." The acquisition of a second 737-800 and the swapping out of a 737-700 are in line with what Avelo is doing at its hub in RDU. The airline, which started operating in April 2021, has bases at MCO, RDU, Tweed-New Haven Airport (HVN), and Hollywood Burbank Airport (BUR) in southern California. Avelo's network includes 43 airports in the United States, although it does not provide connecting service. Read the full article