#Castilian priest

[tylermileslockett]

Theseus #1 - "Pythia: Oracle of Delphi"

King Aegeus of Athens, still childless, travels to the Pythia oracle at Delphi for advice. The Pythia, ever famous for her enigmatic and ambiguous prophecies, tells him “Do not uncork the wineskin until you have reached Athens.”

Zeus, wanting to locate the center of the world, released two eagles flying in opposite directions around the earth at equal speeds, and the birds reached one another at a specific point above the slope of Mount Parnassus. Here Zeus placed a sacred stone called the Omphalus, or “naval of the earth.” A serpent, Pytho (son of Gaia) guarded the stone, until Apollo came and slew the creature, establishing the site as a divine source for receiving messages directly from the god of prophecy.

Before entering the temple, priestesses and pilgrims alike would wash themselves in the soul cleansing waters of the Castilian spring for purification.  In a sacred, inner sanctum, the Pythia, (head oracle priestess) was said to sit upon a tripod and breath in toxic vapors (said to be toxic fumes from Pythos rotting body) from a chasm below in the cave rock. The fumes could have been methane or ethylene, while others have theorized, she chewed or inhaled smoke from Oleander leaves. The priestess then fell into a trance, and receiving divine inspiration from Apollo, spoke in tongues that was interpreted and translated by priests into dactylic hexameter (the poetic meter used in ancient Greek epics like the Iliad.)

The Delphi site was sprawling and complex; holding the religious temple of Apollo, a stadium and gymnasium for the Pythian games, an outdoor theatre, a hippodrome for chariot races, among others. There were three philosophical phrases carved into the temple known as the “Delphic Maxims.” They were; “know thyself,” “Nothing in Excess,” and “Surety Brings Ruin.”

Like this art? It will be in my illustrated book with over 130 other full page illustrations coming in Aug/Sept to kickstarter.  to get unseen free hi-hes art subscribe to my email newsletter

Follow my backerkit kickstarter notification page.

Thank you for supporting independent artists! 🤘❤️🏛😁

[fatehbaz]

In 1678, a Chaldean priest from Baghdad reached the Imperial Villa of Potosí, the world’s richest silver-mining camp and at the time the world’s highest city at more than 4,000 metres (13,100 feet) above sea level. A regional capital in the heart of the Bolivian Andes, Potosí remains – more than three and a half centuries later – a mining city today. [...] The great red Cerro Rico or ‘Rich Hill’ towered over the city of Potosí. It had been mined since 1545 [...]. When Don Elias arrived [...], the great boom of 1575-1635 – when Potosí alone produced nearly half the world’s silver – was over, but the mines were still yielding the precious metal. [...]

On Potosí’s main market plaza, indigenous and African women served up maize beer, hot soup and yerba mate. Shops displayed the world’s finest silk and linen fabrics, Chinese porcelain, Venetian glassware, Russian leather goods, Japanese lacquerware, Flemish paintings and bestselling books in a dozen languages. [...]

Pious or otherwise, wealthy women clicked Potosí’s cobbled streets in silver-heeled platform shoes, their gold earrings, chokers and bracelets studded with Indian diamonds and Burmese rubies. Colombian emeralds and Caribbean pearls were almost too common. Peninsular Spanish ‘foodies’ could savour imported almonds, capers, olives, arborio rice, saffron, and sweet and dry Castilian wines. Black pepper arrived from Sumatra and southwest India, cinnamon from Sri Lanka, cloves from Maluku and nutmeg from the Banda Islands. Jamaica provided allspice. Overloaded galleons spent months transporting these luxuries across the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. Plodding mule and llama trains carried them up to the lofty Imperial Villa.

---

Potosi supplied the world with silver, the lifeblood of trade and sinews of war [...]. In turn, the city consumed the world’s top commodities and manufactures. [...] The city’s dozen-plus notaries worked non-stop inventorying silver bars and sacks of pesos [...]. Mule trains returning from the Pacific brought merchandise and mercury, the essential ingredient for silver refining. [...] From Buenos Aires came slavers with captive Africans from Congo and Angola, transshipped via Rio de Janeiro. Many of the enslaved were children branded with marks mirroring those, including the royal crown, inscribed on silver bars.

Soon after its 1545 discovery, Potosí gained world renown [...]. Mexico’s many mining camps [...] peaked only after 1690. [...] Even in the Andes of South America there were other silver cities [...]. But no silver deposit in the world matched the Cerro Rico, and no other mining-refining conglomeration grew so large. Potosí was unique: a mining metropolis.

Thus Don Elias, like others, made the pilgrimage to the silver mountain. It was a divine prodigy, a hierophany. In 1580, Ottoman artists depicted Potosí as a slice of earthly paradise, the Cerro Rico lush and green, the city surrounded by crenellated walls. Potosí, as Don Quixote proclaimed, was the stuff of dreams. Another alms seeker, in 1600, declared the Cerro Rico the Eighth Wonder of the World. A [...] visitor in 1615 gushed: ‘Thanks to its mines, Castile is Castile, Rome is Rome, the pope is the pope, and the king is monarch of the world.’ [...]

---

For all its glory, Potosí was also the stuff of nightmares [...].

Almost a century before Don Elias visited Potosí, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo revolutionised world silver production. Toledo was a hard-driving bureaucrat of the Spanish empire [...]. Toledo reached Potosí in 1572, anxious to flip it into the empire’s motor of commerce and war. By 1575, the viceroy had organised a sweeping labour draft, launched a ‘high-tech’ mill-building campaign, and overseen construction of a web of dams and canals to supply the Imperial Villa with year-round hydraulic power, all in the high Andes at the nadir of the Little Ice Age. Toledo also oversaw construction of the Potosí mint, staffed full-time with enslaved Africans. [...] Toledo’s successes came with a steep price. Thanks to the viceroy’s ‘reforms’, hundreds of thousands of Andeans became virtual refugees (those who survived) and, in the search for timber and fuel, colonists denuded hundreds of miles of fragile, high-altitude land. [...] The city’s smelteries belched lead and zinc-rich smoke [...].

The Habsburg kings of Spain cared little about Potosí’s social and environmental horrors. [...] For more than a century, the Cerro Rico fuelled the world’s first global military-industrial complex, granting Spain the means to prosecute decades-long wars on a dozen fronts – on land and at sea. No one else could do all this and still afford to lose. [...]

By [...] 1909 [...], mineral rushes had helped to produce cities such as San Francisco and Johannesburg, but nothing quite compared for sheer audacity with the Imperial Villa of Potosí, a neo-medieval mining metropolis perched in the Andes of South America.

---

Text by: Kris Lane. “Potosi: the mountain of silver that was the first global city.” Aeon. 30 July 2019. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]

[scotianostra]

On May 29th 1546 Cardinal Beaton, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, was murdered.

On the morning of that day when the gates of St. Andrews opened, ten or twelve men entered with the throng of workmen, these were no ordinary men, they had murder in mind, and revenge for the death of their friend the Protestant martyr, George Wishart, who had been executed on the orders of Beaton two months before.

Leading the first group was the noble, Kircaldy of Grange. While Kircaldy diverted the attention of the porter, another man, Norman Leslie led in a second contingent.

Finally, another Fife noble, John Leslie arrived with four men. Something about them alarmed the porter. He tried to raise the drawbridge, but the conspirators snatched away his keys and threw him into the moat.

Thinking that an army must be close behind, the repairmen fled. The conspirators then hustled fifty other people out of the castle. Cardinal Beaton stuck his head out a window and asked what the commotion was about. Someone shouted that Norman Leslie had taken his castle. This frightened the cardinal. The two had recently fallen out. But many others had reason to dislike the cardinal. His enemies said he had forged a will for the late King James, overthrown Scottish liberties, and tortured and murdered Protestants.

When Leslie ordered the cardinal to open his door, Beaton refused. But when the assassins prepared to burn him out, Beaton pleaded for a promise that they not kill him and when it was given, opened the door. Sitting in a chair, he protested, “I am a priest, I am a priest; you will not slay me.”

John Leslie struck him twice with his dagger, followed by Peter Carmichael. James Melville, seeing that they were acting in fury, reminded them that the judgment of God should be dealt out soberly. Rebuking Beaton for his wicked life and especially for the murder of Wishart, he ran him through twice with a sword. Beaton died saying again, “Fie, fie, I am a priest, all is lost.”

John Knox joined the murderers soon afterward, seeking protection. He was a hunted man, known as a close associate of George Wishart. The murderers urged him to become their chaplain and he agreed. The men took refuge in the cardinal’s stronghold. They were besieged in the Castle by the governor of Scotland, Regent Arran. On 11 March 1547 Norman and his colleagues, Henry Balnaves, James Kirkcaldy of Grange, and Alexander Whitelaw of Newgrange witnessed a pledge made by Patrick Gray, 4th Lord Gray to Edward VI.

The lairds in the castle, sometimes called the Castilians, were summoned to answer for the murder, and, failing to do so, were on 30 July 1547 denounced as rebels. On the same day the castle was surrendered to the French, and a condition having been made that the lives of all within it should be spared, its principal defenders were carried captives to France.

[beautiful-basque-country]

I've noticed how some Basques in Navarra claim they are being ""colonized"" by Basques from Euskadi and fear being "annexed" into it, but that always made me confused? Because the Basque Kingdom of Navarra started in... Navarra.

(Addendum) I don't know if it's a similar thing with the one that happens with Catalunya and Valencia, where Valencians claim they are not actually Catalans and don't speak Catalan and that Valencian is a different language altogether... 😬

Kaixo anon!

It has similarities, but it's not the same case. All of this is the consequence of the zonification of Nafarroa: it’s divided in 3 different regions regarding Basque language.

In orange, Basque-speaking municipalities; in purple, mixed municipalities; in beige, Spanish-only-speaking municipalities.

A quick historical recap. Although it’s true that the southern side of Nafarroa was the part that suffered the Roman influence the most - it was an ideal location for Roman agriculture - and was very quickly romanized, Euskara didn’t disappear into thin air.

Back in the Middle Ages, Castilian king Alfonso X the Wise used Latin expression “lingua navarrorum” (the language of the Navarrese), and king Charles III of Navarre swore his coronation “in ydiomate navarre” (the language of Navarre). This language was clearly regarded as a different and opposed one to Castilian Romance or Latin, and scholars suspect it would have been probably Euskara.

These mentions happened after Muslim invasion, so we see that after centuries using Latin, Arab, and Romance in Southern Nafarroa, there still remained native languages which were used by many people; people enough for the kings to use it so they could be understood by their subjects, at least.

A bit further in time, in 1566, queen Jeanne III of Navarre requested to translate the New Testament to Euskara so her Basque-speaking subjects could understand it (Bibles and masses were solely in Latin, a language only known by priests and nobility by then). Why even bothering if in the Kingdom of Navarre Basque-speakers were a minority? We highly doubt that a queen was interested in bringing the Bible to a tiny part of the Navarrese population specifically…

However from the 16th century on, everything goes downhill: Castile assimilates the Kingdom of Navarre, all the high public servants would come from Castile or Aragon, and were unable and unwilling to speak Euskara. In 1795 the social elite (mayor, priests, etc) of Artaxona [also in the South, remember] went to court to demand that the town public notary learnt the Basque language since it was “the language most commonly used in town”. They lost the trial.

In the 19th century, the French invasion and the Carlist Wars hastened the regression of Euskara in southern Navarre, that turned almost 100% Spanish-speaking. Franco’s dictatorship just consolidated that situation.

So historically, Basque was spoken by most Navarreses - no matter from the north or the south -, it was just in the last 200 hundred years when it was lost in the southern part of the region.

Nafarroa becoming divided into zones [Basque-speaking, transition, and non-Basque-speaking] is said to be based on history but we all can see it’s bullshit.

That said, it’s a bit easier to understand why some Navarreses have this animosity towards Basques - not only towards Basques, also towards Basque-speaking Navarreses. They like to be considered Navarrese and not Basques - which is super respectable - because the kingdom of Navarre was the one that included Basque people and not the other way around - which is also very true... if we stopped in the Middle Ages. If we go back further in time, we'll find the county of Vasconia, though.

However don’t be fooled. They will swiftly drop historical accuracy to defend that Basque was never spoken in middle and southern Nafarroa and that Basque is being imposed as part of a Basque political agenda; that Basque people are trying to colonize them and make them lose their identity; and that they should resist at all costs by rejecting Basque as an imposed language. Spanish wasn't the imposed one, Euskara is. French and English - taught in every school - are also not imposed and free to go on seemingly.

See how just 2 centuries of assimilation and banning of Basque have twisted their perception? Basque people are imposing our language on them… our language that for centuries was called… the language of the Navarrese??? It’s insane. The Spanish Constitution includes the possibility of uniting Euskadi and Nafarroa in just one Autonomus Community if approved by a referendum, but of course with this social situation the mere mention of it will be controversial to say the least.

So this is what dividing a region into here you can speak a language, here you can speak it but you’ll be part of a tiny minority, and here you’ll find every obstacle imaginable to speak / learn it does to people. Language zonification in Nafarroa is evil and a blatant tool for assimilation that has worked wonders.

[elbiotipo]

A Polish game company just released a game about Aztecs killing Castilian conquistadores... Curious about what the reviews say, I've seen some stuff on twitter about the cities not being too accurate

I've taken a quick look at it. Gotta keep in mind this is still in development, so things can change...

Very unpolished (pun unintented) gameplay. It's fine if it's a small indie team, but I always find the clash between the ultra-realistic Unity graphics and the weird gameplay jarring

While I haven't played it, there's a plot, apparently, where your warrior can decide to choose to support "the strangers who want to free us from the priests that kill our brothers and sons"... it's... ehh.

...Let's not whitewash it, human sacrifice was awful, and lots of Aztec-conquered peoples allied with the Spanish against the Aztecs (though a debate on how much was it political expedience and how much was disgust with human sacrifice, which seemed to be widespreadly accepted in Mesoamerican culture, could take us for whole pages). But the way the whole thing is worded tells me that they aren't gonna approach this with too much nuance.

Especially now that you can choose to be a conquistador and kill natives. Yeah.

Yes, the cities look like ruins. It seems that they have based their setting in current ruins (in fact, from a brief look, they seem more Mayan than anything) than actual Tenochtitlán when it was at its peak. The whole "Native Americans lived in rainforests with some temples sticking out" is a trope that repeats itself again and again. These were urban cultures, those cities should be full of stuff, art... I can forgive the excuse that it's after the fire of Tenochtitlán, but it still feels like they wanted you to play in the ruins of a civilization, not the civilization itself.

Overall, it seems that the devs got a concept, it was very poorly thought out, and just went with it. If you're making a "natives vs. colonizers" videogame, you should double down in your research and presentation, this is a very delicate topic you're presenting. It just reeks of a half-baked game with some very, very eurocentrist popular history thinking behind of it, intentional or not.

I'm reminded of the Age of Empires II Aztec campaign, where you could also play as the Aztecs and drive out the Spanish. Based, yes, sure, but the units were the same as any other, with metal-plated armor Aztec soldiers and catapults against the Spanish (to be fair, the devs did give American units some flavor to distinguish them from the Old World, and because of limitations, pretty much everybody had to share the same sprites). But still, it is an interesting piece of history you could show, but you can't be this sloppy about it.

By the way, the Incas resisted the Spanish conquest for decades after the fall of Atahualpa, and they even laid siege to Cuzco using European equipment and were close to retaking it, the last Inca state (Vilcabamaba) was only conquered in 1572, almost thirty years after the death of Atahualpa. Now THAT'S an interesting campaign for a strategy game. There could have been many points (even leaving aside the Tupác Amaru rebellion) where the Incas could have expelled the Spanish or regained independence.

[libidomechanica]

Untitled (“Who watched him”)

A sonnet sequence

               1

The Master the incidents red; and heard nor let all thinking out of silence shall be cause whole despaire, with in make and we burnished, she came. Who watched him. For us most of the costliest bird and shot a loathe; and, like greeting between the air than one’s high too with night fellows, come day one who drew my breath gentle churchmen said. What he that name of pebble, who live and alone, I marriage. Which sparkled them go, with slight: but every day by day with laughed not long, Perilla, washes thou have seen malt liquors exchange; and furrows like rails: and holding in October real Graceless oath?

               2

The doctor says they stand again, but know, and on Bond Streets I fain bed, when the glitter bloom in all hope, long many an eyelids close—at lastic circumstance, and presume the little Castilian? In that sent night munching flowers, priests, hare as his like a curious; heart of a dreams have back … I do Stella, thine and looked life fled in praise or have behind that make her milking about to head, and when Heaven’s wing, charlie can conversations of thinking off should had been wrong! Discharge, and quite, for love is a doubt—Sweet golden rain: thy should have lies, and kind; ascribe of Tutankhamun.

               3

It weeping straining; there, sir, creature’s high! Many a strength retain. That shall you master’s sole prize it, like her does nod this bad Frenchman, and tea. I shall blushing strange in the sail, annous, with open’d into the Sea of hand sweetest are old fixing to be Perfect or was gone on a parts of that on far doth, where Golden dress, they wonted nothing great good as Fortune swell, faint a share as an eyelids closed with the stars the rued the labour from thy feet, and those early hour anger, like rain: yet at all overwhelming guide … not recall men artichokes it may, such pow’r before it lands.

               4

When I am some back. The listed o’er. Now about the space this mine would we dried a glorifies thou are sounds of slurry show it, like ice need him by they saw the girlish with such fooles the hearts uncommon still its amethyst blossoms, as a hellish grains to the universations; result of hot bath wilt those feel upon hiss’d, and bigness, pale despair, as hard trumpetence unkind, though, more words meaning. I know Leandering you, all in low would save. Yet she silken tea in sweets for the held the Throne,—and arts, where the oscillating from his poems still not the could but fear?

               5

Who once along the smile the phantoms kept walk, or rather liable to heart, for every look than live his Jenny on his body left it shuffling me disgrace in the was. Around set the night, I speaking and gay; but, at a cage, to touch as one of police of legs in earth repented back climb; through, anothers like to Nature, wherein yours, when the heart’s sunsets up a man claim, till her, thou prefiguring, Give Sal that Juan was so prepare are and upon the wind does blowes both, were to put the exactly were. Of your face was let it been cut, about to thee despair.

               6

Breathed by feared him with no arise again, but her heart, as mind; and my topic, with languages—as we will know my love so we—then the Bow of, that is achings, so as first cast; and lovers had guess. Her summit, yet dar’d of pearl then The king of travellers journed by the Wheat, gallant’s perched his Mistress of wicks, priests, luncheons, and, or store the moon is not unchastily sheet which shall many morn brough far from his peal, than she window becomes in praise the boastinguishment. I wanton and him was late obtain. How near too I know, being Heavens the world but still Christ’s adultery.

               7

This most in part sharp sophistered our love just speak to him, as spot with curtain this upon the fed, like Tom wasn’t mine. And lumination beauty of a drunk away slides my circumferent. Jeering voted to weary slaves were pomp, and are pleasant minutes or if she musings the Flood, defining round the rest. With Venus’ temple tries out thought or love exchanging me, Jamie, compass heavy dream passed for from out. And bone-dry when your habitual affection forth, suffered if it can hour, and for my yong since now, the gods. Dutiful love, I may scorn out of hope them all!

               8

Arms that love O soul in a climb, and, as usual cloth of hope, war, lustre of Fates shine, of faithful lightbulb. The men knows. In love confidence, though a loftiest bird one eyes; mine eye look. How many a charity: but when Damon low could bee farewell. We this, sad me against the pasture, my Mary, before herself to be the same given quantity of rose on my affect of attachmen sacrificial flip, of well rigging Hell, forth to contractics praction. As in crowded your beauties compare, o’er like a little was anybody that choleric and I kisses?

               9

Jamie, come and giue; this eyes nurture, and like a sleep, inter’s bed; that more, and taken in glorious into assays, love to remembers am I do prepared, although that now you and recollect some small reward to fear on the palace for his pall Mall, though to death’—alas! Quiet were affords: who watches the cool the beach, a broke this two outgrow or triumphs and as it was a bare five that’s there by his most in love’s ban on the moment of bricks of his learn. Up Pallas joys, and border’d my dear, and love thinking even by superstition of promise the javelin such small-eyed Salámán hard, and up the piled aside you more him from thy rim, skull, and lands do mincing to dancer, had such a guess about thee. For my trout then, you have harbour, one presented general topic, with Molly rich, from overwhelmed down the grey; and fellow saint a sweet on a Moon.

               10

For, prayer, fears a face: nor they promised race, my Muse nor an Instant metaphysical he sacred to seem like what I heart’s sometimes too far. They to makes thou can get in pain before her devour’d by a free, the god, seeke famous chased a stretched are not spied her fingers stately prayer; heavens foremost expensive life to the Absolute, so beauties stand want of thy death sacred priests, look, set you for his agony to a rock languished, and sleep’s doubt, promise did wander. His cricket can presented to overwhelming fauns would treats of peace in she ward creater kingdom but they had perfect it, evil eye; whose forth with his mercy were one knew so wistfully fiction, and, for me. Every fair my skin trigged and the which was let favour also call my with not every day; while is the living itself to her. Mock tyranny. In a vision slowly, by might food.

               11

As ever came, in the Shackles whisper in the shineth that the cried, The more freedom by. Like thing waves to granting part, we sat on dies, they lovely is love will satire, and watch the new-found hit as might rude Desert a bear ago, which growe: yet the darkness above his love, who liuery wear his spawn of the heart the rising me, the light, and so life-angels all thy gain. I cut an imagining&motivate limb did, as his arms might, but her he was as they as any rest. Talk not accomplish’d, whispers shining mind is say, and that latest of whom you art a subway call is abuse sound his Throne. I have me now you loved, could rushes, while tense, how should will in few great sad assemble tongue since, and have said thinketh more in the rise a glories the sky, and gather’s bed, that her sustain and, look’d with sad me with crowded your shrine, of legs in vain, as ugly assaults.

               12

When your out of the placed, silence, all their order’d me. She asked: Spindless body hurt thy gaine. Beside the sleeve, t’ adore my small old and every man was enamoured spreading Fish like asp with crown weary grains which too war’s fight; a doubt, for with love a slighted him not see till not knowledge, pheasant is young did but up! Severe, than He! Know is slice barbers’ work: adulteratures of me and eyes lifting separate progress, the queen sheet her am gladly face take then were the same give of importal firebombs, or prove a years that the pity thee Proof that rubs plain carry thee.

               13

Musk or commodities smart, what ends the pipe return’d entirely kiss the feeling among wants to dusty driven as idle; let us meat is it? Of strained the hung willed her faithful served to match who mar the light brow can with heaven told as in a token or being startless above, Jamie, compare, much of shame on all shepherds’ cell, and shame; my Peggy’s face, when Heaven fet, which Neptune, a sort, or cloud, for twenty-five me. Would not be ware. They sang, and dying, Acceptance by winters, bind my grew from the growe, in numbing in the barren shall I leave the sky, but if your virtues, till be better’d love the Grates; who was pious duties at walk’d bad aged gods no raptures can enlight: but t is all to minute what I wage bath. Both World be wish night is blot of the swollen artichoke but Damme’s’-the due precious stead of Tom. It year, like tears of black.

               14

Strongly faults down at all admires the while your voice a moral me; whose wound you, ’ save. For treach less he is, on the country, till she uphold many tears call I left me, is as they never wing, and I aspirant to mincing with they and horse for grapes anothers’ fear too dear life? And the stronomer. Is yet, what wring all parties to tell you may finger flowers in. Cause we were is times to life, through its child the words of like poisoned his back to unbosoms of shame the very streams. Hence tooken, so at six months hate. Some for one tears the heart, and stripped the floods what afternoon, and sing.

               15

Gust-fists, to reveal’d in a diplomatic spirit make not, whaever lords innocence by heaven he cat infected, for his eyes wit soon another ringle committ’st a sworn, and living soul in head and Miss Maevia Mannish, both ease, love that it could die that Angers call night of life into spoil his title is stirred, and good exampless make an earphone. Not the strong; all had been wonder stroke, made a face to seek no chat on the watch, as a bald brough, more despair: to my memory, for none of neithereon tasted to see; since all that he water lord. I am not from Sin?

               16

Came the night, till stand in our loves in whose sweet and captive nymph mountains she much of our pillow to the Thirst: for the morn espied he same feet thou were did give me. An’ down and you master’s treasure and quickens young, so seventh necessity; who cannot gets down. I should as also bonfirmer Will down to heart revisions with wound hearts which now, his fresh blew bubbling, opened to the was poem left believe in like sand! Or let us go to have make, me incline, and, as some virtue, nor act; unless a larch, a piano at hazards of powerless hands that all arbitrate?

               17

Or that I sings for suckt which taught I’ve gone. Through ours, I over had heart’s a brother words upon anotherwise that method as it should rathers he stood read. That profuse; before throughout the may staggering moon for the aim! So let the sterns me, would the single winter’d poems mix their stayed than thou call from various chase to comforts and dares the truth, for he way wit impotentiments! Were mankind the spins far their booke of taxborn rich watery glass of grieve, when I drove me sound beat Praise nor other. Tender now, but foundation we’re all that have a clothed her eternal bliss.

               18

Serve that wealths as she. With poets, ’ as every kiss. Hung the the lucubrations may scorched them, for grant again. Was your magic sinner and Mahi descence she rose immortality, they heart. In Banquet royal Life: the next was only fame world, thereupon wilt thoughts, dawn to unborn, the you master’s Hill; and the prophet to blown beginning and wall is way to minute white heauenly beauty had folly receive always long, Perilla, after than thing, for feast. An Isles of grant, and his only that true: so large and clear eye, and ceremons, and who dare disturb her mind with itself.

               19

If for a clothes, but foreign: so was toiled at once she had done. The bad age; and lisping … or let this innocent, show him to take offers and with the incline in the eternal hope thumb and my Mars he same! Has met wi’ the doth encroach with he days and sickening at your money; and, despise is old a transcended, than perfect that pleased he lofty prison-wall his sing as an oft in thyself conquered his broken by slavery—had thro’ the sweetest swelled throat, and ev’ry limbs they drift? Take him take up as well of prayer this—when his Supremacy. It come: so, in the horns, almost fear they led, and has new loveliest names as she. So oft has sung tired with hints were, in not use antique love, yet a lie? And, know she wind my name I keeping strange beach, and that thy foot, try tow’rd her fight, and night we thing Luxurious, with sometimes … and sallows, come in Death his flies.

               20

To some thou share as much sleep, in pearl and wishes throw away. Exchanged, and strange too fully. And all he knife. Yes in the sparrow street’s now what what’s not to love ourse he purbling kings, and round and evening a magics, spiking, Give myself in thee did survey the other minds the approach of that is a seneschal? Foot inherited diplomatists of Camels troop amain for the days with iron town, his blot; let us go, the you more righted. Since and clear day. … Or in hempen bands, but by fame. My minion been blackness of hand. And with the was lacking third, with no shall say: he muzzle? But Juan praises boundless he is not spins farewell. You and now did the Thames, if it bleed his carriage. Our her perfect too longer by fear? Or us most I wears we love which you, and glow; she man kills the word EVIL. So smooth faith unhappy rose or evermore the would a years?

               21

Where was of all? A corpse, to thee up to Charing behind, but lacking the terror crept, of love in leaping Vulcan all in a suit norther. But Calvary—thought of my heart the utterly, like supposed day; scarcely kissed that shall bird? When man spring; and him she padded day that I call me Papa fool with art to brilliant, with a pleased to deceive perfume friendship’s holding and through each us equal fire found where those mark it to the god great saints of the moan, in not to flutters of Hippocrene, when I speak me applied: No! For none but for you mayst proud how she knew that for me!

               22

The heart, and gibe the pile—makes a fair against a tears of anger by sure, both desire. Into one in NY for love, I may face but a raiments winged Diana’s name? Its Hollow, kiss, goat footing that god puts of the Hero, throw me waned to heaven the Sheriff stern, and destroy the Crown boy, with feyned lucus from the made a man, proud man that serues; she decay. With miscall’d on bed. Out their fret. Yet she display? Know the kneel the brutes, asleep snow prayed, and the Absolute, and strange there was placed,— but each. And Fate what my poor, whom fame hardly run; thy wrist, for foul and dost admire.

               23

Some say, and pearl, and dream pass, and very shapes—though abstain her mind, and every stream’d fools deluded, freckled. Of illness from all love is they have square fill, and the strange talk’d once decline vpon the great, mighty violence, all is steal a kingdom but foreign platterned my trees, unwind, that has ne’er whether be, the stain on your will known the Gods the way a freely classes placed by natural topic, with smooth and legs, so disheuld blushing the twilightened by a ghastly glided face; just at all, the cries out with fully fiction, thinking on the Season was endowments was sixty!

               24

Though coaches forbids; yet swerue, and sweet there is in the beauty had to the like a chessman, private lift him to prepared, that prefigured jasper to take up at last of element on, ere the fires down to Jove, I would the through too slighthousand again, she did you, although, each head. As if crooken, or wants to none crept in scorners on a thought he, you’ve passes had presume to ear, in a valley look that was born? Doth language of her herd of goodly sun: and brough a big black Buick, nor all gentleman opens to passenger far of lip, let think such word wings in pity.

               25

With think, they’s wont to shows them one sigh: for he was not known, the sought: Piffle! Go, happy stages but Damme’ s rathere wild Hippocrene, which I ne’er reflection; not unkind. So fair, yet and of the summon’d a Mastern wind behold man who throw, not wrong at my fond fain hempen bars world lay, assurèd of behave see, my Peggy’s might rudeness my dark hers, and year which is my poor tis a gently impress breathless; all know how the fair antique good wild; there pall. Many have lost admit of lead the knives, the way, it turned, as her in that Juan not yet a breath my name: nor Iron door, near him.

               26

It gave those here begun. When Bishop Berkeley says the Dublin she had enter’d meteors; the temple worship herself the striue for his more the wind a tale, compare, whose fairy Prince to quence of Fear, speak the unmilked necklace the sea, plays, maskt, though those from the Warders who had brings in vain for his Feet. Thy religious eyes to be count; all works and keeps, as mind now the Divining soul, with downrightless, or more, much more and loving the drank therewith you, by whiter unjust needs nor an army of the deem on the could have band and not the tea, among main satisfies to hate.

               27

Where in mine eye shoulder at O lone here. It is not higher lep? And was away slight with a room, and other to virginity to heard—the anger as there; to Graces seek reports, and all i turn: the smooth an opened bound; had perchanted for his hands of hollowed, had guessed. So were is legs want to solemn feast with that I loves; they might; through like to assurance is not need again, clinging band will know appearance lose. More him up understand, to wound the deed the count Saint Jean see hersel’ to pleasure portant took than flesh and great make us, and loved I view, robert Burns: there.

               28

For ever should open for my Mary Morison-wall, lovingly he contract of your kissed heart by his arm and grew so thing heard the rich man not afraid, in not walked that men is my chased, and sexes, our shall best retrait in loved, could I let me villains! Don Juan, who watch, and a tribes that a gentle Euphues, what now is death makes he same! Eyes of gossamer you’ll known, it might in called are thinks of sin unbolts thirst: for ourselves about to light; through the corner, ’ and never homages, thou nothing gainst duns, and bitten by the lay our bellespont to issue out for joys, the hide.

               29

Move retires, she stand, lawd, how the into the Shah who serving started for if April would praise the same try me, whaever do him Pity doth startless buds and marble feels no noise, now begun. Their azure offering is spent in vain. Me, and lockers bow, says, as molten less virtue made of beauteous please higher. And feather. And Mahi descence black Buick, driven bigger too. Or no esteem. Juan, take that have melancholy stood on thine his her he walls themselves with nothings where is the sky where she good godwit, where are one half appear before the key to see how she stole to you.

               30

And ill before wound angelo. Or which her faith, that is who can must wet start always cut him, and feel along enough I seye, if the field yellow, that I shun me profuse your own boy, with zeal. Ere I left your first love, for my scribe of a little breast borrow and clingers—I have squeakers— heirlooms on my turrets down, in to drawn, lastinguish, how fleeces by. I am by lineament gorge the did prefigures the success of the fraud, that ere banish, but when you and of Shame. My wore the fact; that Sun and your love kiss, and broughout myself to let in the rude and upon!

               31

To unseemly, shivering on yellow, since, wantonly, how purest for thinking hand: as she lamps of Camel rode, and in beam, we often looked bench, ceruse, and of that Ganymede, for us. And kindly nurses tender if it should the dying his or great she sun, and gain’d before he praetorian bands Learned into her eldest up, it was briefly when reckoned by wear the mate, and right of stark and you feeling Hero, learn to conceal that nothing glacier where disappoint myself, I shalt do! Before it lie remote on the name an out of sweare, when hook, the made heal topics: poems sweetest of any. To something stream, that is my Mary, and long. To their violent high as shuddering, stuttered him out, in the though the window loves a moment this never; tis night where the chaste that, amassing understand other hair. Combing words and I turnkey Lowe.

               32

In touching, he receding guide-posts … I have their and shatter, I am no bigger robes but for his parently we for foreigner’s word of Empire. The corner will mountain the eternal bliss yet never cull some sworn to reserved to let it died it. Ambitious today I probably breaking rockery-ware. In their lovers, and Lip for his tribe approve: the highes bread in darkness, eyes; my fond fading at the gross they had he doctor to has floated free of ours, and look at on fall at on conceit of attack and with it; her was round the evening of gaol is function.

               33

But her multitudes in a whirl of praises, and by thee break in you meet? And wander. Your quivering grief force. She girl’s breath. And through lively Mary, in mouth, above, the prince! Pine-bearing did it matter’s grim Justice so much of loyal Flames, that upward partridge hath those some when can well be utter glad to enter face I learn. If I’m floor, which taughter, capering frame had or parties about, ah! Love never willow saint he door, no light and by a knife: it see, so it shall I passed there I am not peasant lord. Than she red rose-mesh pulled in dreadful could burning to scold me.

               34

And the next of rank, or a sugred kiss. Happy swain, though never men’s eyes, do crave him up while shall I told, said, in light, I view her body else divinely meek! States, and multifarious demands. Nor tears, and descried, is Freedom, the drawes to say that lift and more. A straw. And ever window- panes, licked it is not into a hell as she asked her name. The tardy plump of silence, and grey answered length by thy stretch and treasure so well? In the same, but thereon, and turned tow’rd heaven said, who the watched out of midnight. Which with muscle and such Liberty. Mysteries Young, and impress?

               35

For those may suit, whaever shapen stood the stay! Was wondrous Lust, is the had set of a red rushes the soule upon to some when I thou would be they waltzed and rams up the dwarf would I switched by liness from himself and limbs which is tradition and flog their Hell, for what’s rays, children straw in praise; before him loiter behind, gave his parently bald spotless hand, or thirty mocks,—shalling to qualities that’s herself, Is he call that your went seas. Fragrance to frame his Footman head to have; or his arms chair, and even though the ridge. Lingers through to his old ask of love wild say: last Love.

               36

Throng maid, what nough, each dragged claws of this, but a sharp, to swing. Our tower each footed with only where that I can beauty will night, the other can scarlet Iudges, but a suddenly she sight, all but perform he love, wealth to entrance, nor need again as so to her bed. Will unsatisfied— the first thousand the was worth were grass, orator. Was man. But the mossy part. Ben Battles, in dress—in the picture hard the spright? Pardon wind, our common straight always be her garment think i’ the locked, the glimmer, and liberal people for that which, and by love you moved from over secret flame.

               37

Where which I was a trick. And wound of living popcorn the moors was opened fire burned Nor Jove-born and is who hopeless and horse who marked be according boarding, but a sweet, like most implore the blood, defining nough with words meaning. Perhaps; but for the hour angel mine eye and live and elm have made to vex their viol, a riding wind of angers—I have a token in them in pain hands he knew you my pillow smoking on, rise from of amber, melts done, which Eve missed the main, but swelling cherish. The way her came storm, as from day of a dream of cord of marionettes, and dew upon.

               38

So digression of late, that the very scribe, in wants to be over-silvering late thy sighes breast with, so softly round, listerous, just not they also call in the chronicle of Bow of ignite the shrunk wither by fear; yet the hide the those scale thee’—for she vowed. And did she travelled loves eatening Post, like the Camels to say more though all was a honey-thick with thee forsworn, had sleep woodland that movement was thunder sorrow what seemed to some from himself my daily think the coward through this loves sweet balmy light a regular gleams do say his pale as a living strook.

               39

Thus, hare I labour boister, a dead, cross justified, we squat outside, the inflame. Dawn, late, much a mutual war how can be; am an apron? The mild Muse not behaviour breast love into thee middled. Ever could not prevent: to doubled at him her eyes. We played not how hole. All night fell, and rack the ridge. Then did detains to whom mad’st that is, school’d on the day; who watchfulness deeds shaggy foot, makes that Loue and fading around, yu run. And I do equal gain’d as she was gone, our chastilian? With there are wouldst aptnesse should not except it didn’t below. Of what the bottoms kept.

               40

Who to a vice: but your mirthful term virgins to weep, dust needs the flower by depart! Humor with ingratitude concurrent the pale shape, whose she was a bears women couple, well the floor’d by far from Nelly Gray; some with both women like a crystal breast disturbance behind the guides lie in the goes, waits foresee, far, go free, by our hollow to you drink, more plagued wha counselled the nation too far gone halted invitations, and right delighter, through to Geb and which now that future breeds my with beauty, and what niplet on his tyrannounce from Latmus’ mount no way a wart.

               41

In such Liberty. Myself might would recollect some wheels, at ever hopes, flaunt of the man not to its worn by the color of time to find and, pleased and child nor somewhat they went seem out of no vapour, of fathers buy; some such firmament to the turned into necessity and the devil are and something around the kindly, she was heard: with fearing fingertips, she ken’d to find turned. But that love by author offices of shame something the said, mercy are halts, after the scarlet coat shoot; for, pray for her alms, and cost, And hair, like tradition far from a farthern the rich.

               42

Or thought ungentle with the fiery pride, and institutional act conspicuous mothers filled, bright before esteeming it by rudest of his breakfast and wept: so surprised with a heavens for me, Hero wrung. In equal that wol his own coffee sponge an Atalantics is part from breaks up to cherub cease was still public, no shamefastness, yet them all that wait be surf biting flamed. I have loved beaming questions and wish to hold of itself in her summon crowned, and thus! A wear here; thought, how very illuminate afflicted claws scuttling a pin, will be much-adore is tombs, and the flower to spit out, as tender was born rich, when thunder a level, that’s most she hath dew, as there no man, for aught no shame corner of that noon, like throws perversightly came do it I would be, and moderate, and canna falling Hymen curtain o’ the Babel round.

               43

That the for a passport I say, of love’s dye, then though a wild order. Leap, and again the pleaseth me; I am approved marry the day, whose who the rich the the sun far really at the sweet be chamber, they talk at us visions of spick upon a modern curtain one for a Moon. The freedom’s no one that smiling deep; so dispute; as if the Babel rode, and swore the beats as a bachelor, which brain Leandering we went to the nature fearless above a martyrdom, halls me to his head as on a scorched of lively vine Althea brink i’ the knave, that is the country?

               44

And now Leander where barbarous garb of thee, ah! Above the mob stood too man, lady of the cried once, thou sharply above, Jamie, come nations were worthy face: heaving did she was sevented the boast; that for loftiest pay hid his part, with a table, opening grief is life hath the others have the subject they are a conscious parricide! And her heart’s rapturous pleased the worth thy guilty men; but, tis life to Heaven sat will fair designed him. And whose heaven opens herself conqueror at last line than whose Æols you can’t well at least; that familiar. And something the stay.

               45

Youth saddles to heavy ignorance. By blind we knows; here the sort, and multifarious animals of the mothers, two seized the black where disregarden had a woman who crime and grave before him? For that its Stars were the bed. But that now charity. The brave seen trees, unwilling Hell, would begin the stranger came long seal. When ’tis youth shouldest daught alway—I argument to spitting chair beneath its back treasured upon the stroke, by contrite hair is a dower ear, rose to see, welcome, although never light was hold your feet the road, unmarried once Electric to the boat will Yes.

               46

What in what train; as freedom’s charms, to spin. My delays, maskt, the handmaid in that will dislike Amyntas; then! Leander of rhyme, that didn’t tells him—one Dagger room into eternal child win my hearings that it in the hell. The plumes lest daylight melts down begin tower. Fell down and all trees. We were pomp to his society? To rolling time, thou shard, soon gate, and, like the twelve years pass’d among thoughts in prisons, poesy distract.—Jamie, come each man, pronounced into stream’d for a hill far from day of rank, or sullen are losses play, a hands, and some leave turn to her wide the gentle.

               47

Down to see. All me Papa fooles that glimmering children with us? Said to anothers, that them in my craft or countess, have it? Down to united, but passenger part grim growing lime disguise or wrath appears thus beauteous to those throng at my darkness was delightened and a beams our chilles? Your will keep his sovereign: so take a levellers to golden Morpheus in truth and what heart to battle while day of love to sit in the one whipped by teeth glee: to unwind, as a little spared eyes gained, strived; I am not knows that I hold chills and grave hard but fair of rich.

               48

My Juan, take in light not a house of a city and in my legs wants the might he stout, their saddles the van, a years will for imperfection … oh, do mine, shrinks, prison weeds’ honey-moon’s fruit? Amend to her Nest. Which after alms from monarch dies, and clearly knew we were pry upon their street’s back- blown rage number the folkes, pursue the good he is no killed on its verse? Now as in. Had seized up and, to shoes to each other than short sweetnesse gift pretty pain pierced to the length by the eye should been the inflamed. Cloud, imaginary him day not by her lips, which the tyrant’s adultery.

               49

When the child, who watch the sky. That I perhaps spin gold of those Two—these same dead: but, till the sights of that stern with the air the heard nor yet, my Belovëd, whose word to go … When think so: forth a kiddy upon the close—at last her heavy golden rain: her promise betwixt the seized. At ever she glorious; here, for the Eye and she cream of the would he speak against a smile, the bill’s steal away sheet hard or affords: who show in hevene a-bove; tis she gave admiring head, women is, her five the know my love’s bridegrooms on my long the Lord was to die a dole, brain, and nerve-twitched.

               50

Then the Line. To him on high of tree. Want to be could, down.—An’ Charing more is thou finds existen towards you say: last belief; O gentle pen and, to wake they could he lands the crept behind thing it, frame who throng in they had the way to reads do him Pity doth loved that we knew so to the hath appeased and you free, first, still lit, to some music the door the mind, wanted. A scarce knew they were is not departicle, shrinking round his hands, some others inquired, and in her name appear whom young Chevalier. That very drink, went round of blue, when I am Ra who lives upon her can well a prayers. And for here was stiff yet tis staff the below; nor neighbour, entered shreds who causes or daught long since. He shining acrossed, and kisses? Over too supplied: I am Ra who gathers, marriage? In white foam—thou would, down at a modestly glimmering! Of days are twilight.

               51

Thus: in Stygian empty out of your vows a transport, whose lovers, st. Move me so fraid, in who muse and so nutty, and of a Host, such as Silvia; I could draws its pen do my misfortune better but and again, and opporters, st. And learn to come. And damn’d thy fully any guilty of us wander was a wave of their prayer. For which man whom a brow, not when who tramp the capital apace;— through it could decide, perfection to her homages, and swallow the hands such a wistfully. A piano at hide the day water nymph mount as not what thick wings.

               52

Pure is my bone-dry whole deed the would be, i say his heart, and rage paste and we drown’d in they were once she store; laid yes I sat in Cupid pinch of Greek’s ears within politened field of hand if your love. We sewed her sin. They never head the world. For merit at fix you with would never pray: she, over hurt that take. Some guest or from her; or will find nothing they did to long grass, and force. A copying Thamis, Hail! Hiding boldly and after clouds covers, they misfortune’s foreverse with sweet rest, how far to the enemy. Who quence my wintermined god wounded then should not.

               53

Mind, for lofty pride, and take my epitaph a Poets and his love the ring, yet I calls from her; or earth, the wept, and the purblind. These spin. How the grass or such unhoped the rose up the influence to praise I can well returned, the heard but to makes my name. How thee, fury, not no soon as idlers to be though little church an old and shows the Heaven gaudy nymphs’ enveigling here. And surprise. Egotism, the little mothers the woman, oh Jack! Timidly they wore this tame, but as Circe’s way, some over-silver bed. And too supplied, Hold! Rim, skull, and roos, and locked down.

               54

He hay-field, such her all wonder rude. Just kisses kick off the great provide these, from her this more, you’ll be, not what if your head of breathed day of wicks, priest Hero, the light in piteousness will gentle Silvia; I comes the Bow of the chronicle of life, but cruelly maskt, thou embled. Sweet, it perfection, and cold wake us part, young and down of loue to see they viewed, though in my heart opprest, is called with pearl, and tears call the reason, from ostentation to what the rich forms he floor, and felt ioys, exild for changed eye thou not a swore, and your feathereupon her so, that duty’s beauty of rose’s deep so little some will. So, still left that we below; but lesson mixed, its were is Simplicity, and loyal scrawled once; now Nature reign; that Christians of these effectual fire ashes the work hard but in some say, Don Juan say you’ll bury him; wedded the Flame, give me to you.

               55

Here is will floured limb did, and quite pails. The questions, scarce that lies, and, the Water says the same the dream I must religious love with somewhat you knows what swerue, and, the those only temple seen enam’ling Earth, love’s dye, the woman, our consummate ground securely by degrees are no moments be bequeather face, in a winter his heather provoke his out once a slaves whose rudimentation; now insane the Cloth of mine. And so fashioned his soul hath notice he truce was strong; others will have and screet are all heart, and gain. Over though each day by sweet musk or prayed, they as he pick.

               56

And they will unsatisfied— the queens, meant. Refraining it rested by wealth or Spanished man was rather her can’t always dart, thou in him from Italy, thou would a consequence to the sky. I thine and sand and the rest was to the glimpses of than the Indies has with the mid Sea of him his drift? Suspicion quite of Evil Fate which I could weep that sword! With a tale, let it is times that would I put the whole could turn those times sustenant. To let the babe hath and for more was much to speake, what is inside of eight win who watched to cherished man’s asexual voices of court.

               57

All women: but to wan, or was a consequence he case, which her hearts: he day she children, husband-hunting mountain, that virtues we must, and can all that the tragic lantern, in the wish it any a spider, that blissful visit up sole received the man annoy. On the trod a sadness most, a tyrannounce morning dragon of vanish, both his hands some maids spotless presence to lead, where force his quit with that’s riches exposed with been wild December slave among. Host, is your kisse in Flight have made with the impress assurance, the tears for me, which, and round the toward creature of days!

               58

Now singling framed of you probably good singled, and with his face that all her all those part his way: but thy body else alone, I marriage. Amidst our heard to scorn for thrill vowed love I yet sweet, sweetness bearing his Soul was one down from then he running tress of reason is be tonight give me. Respect. Letter of days of rose on the savior of lip, let me, quiet? Lingers— heirlooms sworn by the lay in surprise, nor Iron do my Belov’d in my life is long size. As a great. Voice alone his quart of a’ the sky. Or proud that we’ll enjoys, exild for many a cherry, double.

               59

My most, or where it blest innocent. Near then will be chamber they ready riddled by night, till her love O sweet reticent cheap of which the promise … I am not into go, her needy locked impulse. Was on a transition forms is a smooth, and wander and in she; each other water lovers shown; for, say the Water partridge,— through Sestos high, but she least, like to find tumbling the would be beloved the living of my heart and sank there God, I turned for that movement sighs, and thorought him dwelt; Hero, sacrifice to follow high classes in His training in that taketh mourn.

               60

Said, beggar’d to then rope he folly wish God damn! Though its blue flame milkweeds, a future bar or Winter his sixpence had, beauty maid. For where will be; but so, betwixt they weigh’d, she good to keep a shell. Mine eye’s deep; so durst entertain if he hardly to relief; O gentle hostess, or anguish. What are all tell that lie—a close handy lads, there I’ll tell their heaven my love their grace! If only be stair woman, gaped lifted; thereof cride of eight cheating sun. It man’s as usual she had dated— thought have his lest way a pleaseth me; or ear then he true beauteous mine, begun.

               61

For daught to guess. As her prancing their shibboleth, God with the bright of unknown the blooming noble, or tall, to whom shall was the stain tender that doth the should expire; and he public, no sleeper in great serues; she fire: so, in the when the swallowers by. And began the row out, if the tried our cheap hotels, match him, and, forgot, make thirty mock them runs alone. Of pearless head. My darlin’ darling, what once in her liable cooling through the rests. And my name if she passport both cast upon they are ready riding rice, but her. Upon Death delighthousand that now what time.

               62

Within plates shoot as met wi’ your guardsman when I say that face, remarried low, such faith, had folly denied pin’d befriend; for, like there man does Terror craft or vex, men and twice as gay and wine arms throne: see the food. Makes once, can I shall shuttled outcast and the Belovëd, whisper front dooryards so too, too dear, tis other room but soon as a home; twere now we went was agreed. With them go, whaever seen thongs, let the bloom profound the sung head, and wall, after alms, and the sound: and tears its treasures throughout could I broken of a city, and the rock aloft, where wept saying, my darlin’.

               63

Had she was and indeed with the give you. Ready to lass. And with some backwards and fire, and opposite and gave, and quite discoverty does not as and man in truth; beare! Confound useful, in sundry shape, walking or everythings in dead, that little spake him when malt liquid air is Despaired of mine eye and my tree: incapable of taxborn of a harebraine: and night me you art mine received is the would have pleas’d, and large her lips stranger tower. The man and dead. So let my heart so much obsequious of ourse and changed. Tis hand set you cannot full of the garded down the ground.

               64

I gave seen treasures or humor without beat friends and them runs heiress tear thee, knap the wonder, that rise in stations wheel, announced it. Where is a step of sweep softest of any. Said not wrong fire as thought and so flat field of my earth we know beyond the partly ball rigging and heart that sharp Eye but trepidation, when the you perhaps were never taste, some men is mostly. Those which not knee, all vowed they sang to dally fed, luminous, with a singertips, I was as youth and make it with slightly said not perform for mark there sharply ablazed till silver being at she lies!

               65

Fain woman’s my deepest sented or loved with a day force.—This best proclaims, and that she knew, or to be done but great so that downy breast, that sweet Love, I have held in surprised alone, I have let me you to loved a pearl and water nymph begun. Then box on yesterday’s discover as a thaw of rout on the expression into thee him out. Cloud, and sand they wanting delay, ye vile tongue in this old my Muse bring count up in Man ever made return squeezed the summer tremblies and father sphere love, for whether two of sleep, my painful followers by. And pressing of my own thrall.

               66

The sky. Eyes, and thy breathed darkly; but once. Thy baser Metal ball, last Review line own so lame; my eye, a piano at he lines laid up, it seems to wake an invade, and indeed to battle carry thee; they give up the Fire; sterned love made to you despite of the ocean, was met wi’ her tribe who left then he sea, her slippery act that ends to see again. Waxed mother fight, the Musaeus sung, and devour’d by we’llsay not a sing that heedless heart share. To pass, pall. Long the trade of eye, that him her Sunday she found and scant with a live by night long through certaine. So he dice for one.

               67

For all to his old; soft flute’s eternal child, I finished to Venus, and through tear: then he way to do, but the very shaped. And, about, fingered thrust wealth, and mollify then heap hotel: for foreigners—and three worth the woods. The better, who was delight. May notion; that a child? Now beyond why nothing like Malthus, now why come downward tender made him. The recite, nor walk by largely propose or Fool.—He coolness amend your cheating in a check the into the use and, greened aside, and lisping Vulcan and pious English bill’s ideal—all overcome in his hard, will know is death.

               68

He hand was to this endurance, came and thee Proof of Loue doth crowds, in Man the air appears me end her like a quest and his far; and their riverse. Grow bad, than form revolving purple write hangeable, or saucie Loue doth purple club of The What true songster. Mad mouth has such a silently meek, but base at hops than ducats. Just ransoms which shame in that Death of us we forst of loves you. When Chloris is decorum, soft and indeed with the starred, she way, and that medicine, do my darling, and shoot: but throws upon the would promises first have the with divine alone his feather.

               69

Outlined Hero’s earth’s heart shall kind began to gratitude replied, th’ enameled bits own. So he thou art madmen must, and beames count; all was as the fool, that salve while I lean leper’s real Griefs of this snare. Your or will she had caught of filthy he turned to die: ah, hope to save. I notion to climb, and twice, to speak. There them at men with the floated Hercules, adoring the worth time where, and love men removed, and him, and Jupiter blessed hours of these preuaile who give mud cried love at all. Of being more establish’d pleasings in the root of question, whose fair; she cargoes liue.

               70

So that Death of grief foresee thou only be schism. Which loyal Flames, in the kiss therewith smooth probably, right she astrong doth to each the cup the to burn, until we are a stone by no more we: the other I probably just retraiteness, and Good as off the pebbles. That right, and early notice weighed nothings, a tyranny. Where all out sown shall I pass; nor flower the mark of me. When festoons he has strutted light. Even for soul’s small look upon heads their head upon a dance, it year, and be flung, the Absolute Ones which was the summer gleams that man insidious late Queen, and with circumspect frolicked dolphin which the third and I’ll he stray. With silence is dead when all head, and from me. White perfect is indue. And had in smirking on the early house or pucelle, that lie—a clothes, the were story: if thousand the such Liberty. To die where is there wed.

               71

For when yu see, the most unusual quickly loath taker knew that strangled by his leaped; all their fray or give us see the devil can be blessing malice, or of loves is fall of her I probably at all never world’s there; thought longer that’s the love, yet look on a corner, as if though thou art frolicked heart. A voyage disgrace, still storm, as, was the seruices out breath and peace, have made the dream through numbered … but fears of hollow behold to flies. Has but have creak our joys, the Burial Men, and being now thee little them runs head soul, going to whom? I am become down.

               72

By her selfe I can’t say, leander this write heart.—Not the window-panes; therefore the great might the stood on Jove is in her owne fiery truth infection we’re allowers, that hunt her prayed. Unto by break loose too swim and filled in her that drink if the Governs wheels, after all my cellar. The gloom crept by rang in fact without know you art a white rose pedestroies. And as ugly assays, I gaze upon him her necktie, should see you say’st, the eternal Laws being up through a lark, with full glory faut is a pleasing heel of life’s first received the bed. Sixteen wine arraigned and shakes.

               73

Nor so as fastidious virtue hath the Gods they never tongue tribunes’ crew, an imagined and kinds me full oft air, and I, once promised to carry it and perched like Mars he beauty sweetest love unacquaintains; a heart in the shinese shook that weighed a tent day with force of them go, her spirit would tell heavy gate, forth, suffering was, a certains; a heave yearned and of the hide. Who could looking trespass, in His way, ah, how it has take as the too little look—I lift and we will not spied her his back, but for heart may rise allied the really dear Love, yet the profound and knew them: but downe my memory of us want is more awful far from this passport, the even to the shining word wings to be cherry, double my head knocks smothers when the dead to makes you probably afar in a scoff; and the glide, so dull active gone—so much a wife, ennobling, Give me.

               74

Is up again the soul, and quite ether safety to wherein want to guesswork: amends that men while each in equally to tell you are still impressions of that I am not alone, I am approver, heroic touch. As in praise; now I have put her loving trimm’d in thee! The lily’s hue, they, my Sun-flowers, as in piece; though little sneer, and modern curled just retraitened the ages, but they hange in mutual flowing, I have adder-bitter by. From the Indies, to played speeches. Breaking tress doing have been are imperfection; the grief is gold an article.

               75

Brain of the late man who keeping eyes! Come to yield so shall head her neither Attic: your feather than its he cost meet; that, they did heavy got, and, a globe a grief yearned’s wing an old … I do not reaped the belles and yet whene’er resource for argue the horring Fame did I,—to the was the even and allowed loved you were of the gloom, and sing: and such beautiful love a man, and your day with the thirlings be devision slowly ready. Struck by the Lion’s solemn feasting noble hung, and prayed, when festalled with the was toil relapses— and watch the step of reason satisfied.

               76

I knew the Sun. And seeing, but humility one his lost, an English, save to changed, luminations were preventh he had men knew: for be told and gibe the said: I will collar; but that, have said: But carpe did he, it is yon this part my finger word that, amassing name back, but to her than the required to a wild; through I have allured within, delirious that for here be flung some people for amorous far from servile clung. Written, strive, can tell: You ride a maid, How look, where that a deluded, freckled. We often look less heart to an end thy sweet odour wine’s my soul, while.

               77

Here, in its sport, thou don’t wants of that name. And man—at sit in darkly brings forestalled the live and filthy death’s wood gods innocent, and o’ my Phillis, will not except forest, brauely multifarious animal with starved, and because say, No. When up to the shipwreck hunger fly to any rest us view, kissed nigh on no one extremes of Lust, left the dumb: but fear … the long family! In pitches girl who build in the sword wine who looks family sort of spick upon the other hear him; and Lo! At night, knight acquit with latch, and opposite and boundless desire; some down with added did.

               78

First loves on her fruit, after heath to gaze. When I am nothing. Now thee, so it will loved with Idalian Ganymede, and guilt, and shroud in the man, and as usual soul! Also bonfirmed, and shore not the room: the morning and enter chaste a fight, as he gave made: the Muse but soon enough— that foot, for only warning throbbed, but vain, and lose, and grief and Wordsworth to go about the your children’s fancy is beautie be, its red with savages, for to this word was like to the moon rage, which thee Proof of Loue doth Phoebus peace of Let fainting his the bent, when thou have kissed.

               79

Unjust kingdomes to the one politician, was let me, I do prevailed about poet. And no prayed be. Much is the little weeks into heart, you as Ra knew in your former’s remove that I wonder self along; and if I have meant, had see your minds existence; not a little tent to pierce of my darling, and the spun that weighed and he careless Earth, how excellence had laid aside: it is,—or will with his sake way long since is Napoleon of Evil; rejoiceth noise; and given married a dwarf came, and no hints can lie, he’s my darling Hero’s earthly pride a mistake.

               80

Though in equal gainst they loved of States, at dusk through everyone now longest bounds, and me, I envy wiser the sound with pearl he thinking ivory steal away, saves that did with black. So Heroes must wears to go and we passeth me; her wi’ the truce obtain as you praises lesson which man came back to he did detain. I have, and lose mouth, love’s higher light is blesse sweet soldier, my crafts almost rich Ocean make care but moderate me now pile—make it was as thy voice, or coaches, adoring he day crept in war painted to have squeakers—I have thereto; Honourable granted.

               81

Who builds a partridge of moon while if one. Fain was a gentle which so simple pin; and some grace and found the very shadows doth to sweetly endure not but do not norther.—And feele as gay and some of their wing doth many, died ere offence the word. Yet still ye how my broke then? Thinking time to yielding Nith Ignorance—but the blood advice, but would not that ere I leave, and if this stealth, or art; made lover saw the moors was resource for an indeed, which you, ’ said, were with the that on each padlock upon the health is a part, and treasures the Bankrupt is, by ourselves her this well.

               82

When in the road, unless doing have found no worry I call’d at the wish to empty air aspect. Were besident—whose peek or promist wight, since this their patters of royall business of cording too brief of gentle Sail, and begin to under that night the hands, and the next, the secret politicians and white heard, sometimes their caps; you had that shall work, and knew is in the thinking and at thy love man to wonder in a subway call frailties’ expense his homages,—is yet tis not loves on the man’s deeds my darling, to seke? He never taste, such as bright with sacrifice;—esteem.

               83

The rose-bud’s that scarlet coat, my must having of what you years wheeling blood we don’t worthy thought what they say I bake. And fainting he learn the Landor’ has the went thinking of scorched him for all a Bow, but so, as on him as and to the call’d once and bawled once; then sent, because for the Indies, at on come, Leander in his parricide! What the minist and not, like the gods had found of God is not for in a day and to the left the panels broken by the tempting to be out by lieu of a’ the monstrous prison of the bloom is desk merely kissed, embraced its brothers have it?

               84

My deaths, death is, I the iron gin tower, descended to its poison of cost, from ill he taste with a beauty dost expectations?—They couldn’t wander at speech,—nor expiate with evil false or such and hollow, since, or so innocent of the motivate, treme desire she leaf and help you were will be time. The milk-white! Me to obliterary look upon Salámán did lye, doth senate minute slip away to me. Woman was so fair weale; breathless grows like that eyes: and, like him lie: no need brute,—gain happy he long yearned for your blood with thou, heavens to reading?

               85

With smoothe asked, the Arrow, not the alphabet, Logos appear but perform revolving slain. Familiar, univers gave of mud in the wave, and life was as an amorous prize it, from served them bristle this my darlings her side him from me. With buls and my yours. They should child, who, nobody thirsty as also of strange, and high lived down on the shop’s cold, and pious, harebraine, of lead into go; but yourselves three- plank by rudely strive, and I saw sad friendly be timbrel ring: and dive in the danced and settling enough it, and her and yes I bide at have young diplomatic lost.

               86

And your shape of horse with all that he weighed angels exercise grey: a whirl in piece impress lake, whose peek or play, and pipe thus reproof’s a journer, ’ and hold be in the summer’d steamy breast, those lives; here; thing like men taken bow, unless assure; so softest project of brow frailties so! And so reaches its back again. Seized, in my sent. The worth, suffice what is,—or will be you leave fraud, that waits fruitful eye—and smiled your first appear, and we for twenties, when though t is goods whispers to hold your lips, I overwhelmed dolphin which all then, the tide in twain, made warm her earth removed your hands.

               87

Like an eye; they shades of hidden less, and yet grant, frame and was broad dated some other’s art. But none returned in his quite to fly to daunce may blood all have see me you will bare but in stand in town at on disguise, or soul’s tracelet on far upward secure, some small answered like an Atalantis; but a dismal cypressions like throe! The morning finger, like the fires shall I see numbering hell revealed leander crime away she friend scudding. Whose should sweet grow cells. Marriages, then she did in vaine. Your soul helps so tender other rage, puts all-several scratching it and still?

               88

Thy sacred pass in such a wistfully and brief make it into the mutters of straw into another, thought throne, that heart made retire; my eyes by the saw the dissected with both World. Both to die if she sighs, and was, a fragrance was she her thingness, thou whom to you. The yellow’d, pure is a papa! Amongst confound, our hands are of a young some face, how he tore held Salámán head upon myself to comely in. A kingdom off the Constant his sake, what divinely as a sight. Who darkness was to turned; one in a mistries out blossoms, and what beside her quickly time!

               89

A little sneer, as diligence, was light us animals of thou would you with the carue, and dark disgrace, alcides already. Than men countenance a myrtle bales and me in her name and passed in man’s loving Mountains she. For, since that wanting rever, and follow as that all;—no more esteem. The Past. And things, all, we by night delivery work to inhale third errand songst thou breaching. If the fire, forthwith make they past—I will nigh in the was beauty. The coloures watched his false painting, Crime-confess my pleased, an and grace more he golden remove offering kingdomes gain.

               90

They given approaching glacier where it sat all this eyes doth legs in the glass, and shall eye; whose thousand pass in such as I. At last; yet true, rebels trooping her day she palace she both we drooping prey. Is stream from when fair, so thilke gods might perfect to-morrow men’s only follow limits waving meat is a man walking tried out he clapped his perish. And fainting Damon cries with him by this careless, tis lips a- glow! Nothing through all things me with every prize with a necktie, some say I strooken, and deprived the world is certain of life like feel dirty. That it slays are hung will?

               91

Exceed her fitted asserted by him? May modestly soul was as men like a seneschal? Not for he gate shall sends nor ride the not back. That scene of itself might him to the Abbey’s violets. Nor war; contain moments with bade him. My shy and a wicks, to violence on Thetis’ glass, and sand. Time hence is thing like a conqueror at length. Each and to feed her lips, who every fiery paradise; and say: But how Love, Hero the splendous today one that never stood, and friend. When thunders or such as knees. How many a delights go lamely face, and ponderful gods in heart.

               92

Rose or whether draw her! Are like the left behave back off his flesh has meant, or sometimes, having paused to be long-battred in most trusty god puts appeare to save because without much town away, a doubting through strayed, when for his voice it was in Badajos’s bright, was receding glow; but she voices made a minute that very the hung cherub cease was now fill, the sleet, as a poor desire, all it lie down on his breath her face, and have that family sort of Heaven-ward she roll the templessly betrayed, and unperplexes our heart rave, the wished pose, adorn has lights, and gold tells his path. As if your great shall over Attica; or as pliant for to lights of his life changed, since in when I am Ra … in a level, the dreams have seen—and so large strover, except in vain, and, lawd, how supreme a myrtle was movements with the wife we step so large of general war is.

               93

By the from then, in drops fellow me blessed for herte upon the rude into this requires doth care two outgrow thee? Shades of you, ’ save the shrinking that, have been set a little cargo and is never a brow, not walks without list of that gave not underness— in the queen on that those with the bad made for thrust God’s eternal blissful visit; there walk of this love. Pale clouds amongst us go and I should grief the music, and, a garded joy if it kinne tongues of rhyme, Jamie, come, as romantics is gentle maching grow old and revision hurried, all risk some with suddenly fair of courselves below. But what one day, my loved. I hearts united, nor six months hath sad never has taken blue gaze as concealed bit weep with thee grass, and they had been fire, but gold of this way, I have seen the back, while at souls shamefully expense, quiet we can heaps like one whom to me?

               94

And breathless haste Diana wheels, and turns, who fears, do crave the whipped on grow; and then did deny it! Something to be minion but few. I don’t matterned to lutes crawl: o moaning occurs to flat first. Of your faithful light, but sweet gracious he proue to whom to gaze upon Salámán did deny, my movie young, street’s back … I wished, wander at the floors gainst my slackened by Mars and still public learn, nor this sense his breaks. But I were the morning next to see even found of every long family vanished a fulfilling Hero wound trouble fame. Besides. And upon a dower ear of stone.

               95

Before growing—whether Attic: yours lie. That, rapidly, timidly to it, and I have seen the tears, murmur, and Nut, Isis and business sort of sweet were needs thee, knap the universe as much a sing seas. Of those fled, the Five perversity until as I marriage into please, or rather word window beyond their lovely to nature, that due to your day. And never; tis should to our to industry. Sting him thy world will theirs; as if those to wake us peeps, the resorted tirade—loving from along enought. Such a brother the tries the appears and throws upon her me?

               96

Swagger the odour, I shalt be so let it cheating wants together wing, Give meaning latent of the proue to drawing Hero, they flower enough far gone, I married, Hold! Beam had attendant to be let it have all my hand; lie, he’s mysteries, they are joies did tomorrow with soul of times, they went and Fate of our moment wanting fire, but after all God’s prevail, outlined gold, are but it self bricks on his hand wits cricket pistol from Sin? Carriage? If empty air. Desert a bitter breaks the should not keep his words, with make first-borne Mercy are of them all decay. Petal breast.

               97

Ah their scum: I said the Master now? Of youth, if the animals; your hopes be herself shepherds do hold your in all know, phrase, where per Centaur Nessus garden window- panes, the next, where was when mine eternal love, Jamie, come, you hast and felt to keeps over bone at on and against a silly fears annulling votes pass the same to enflesh; our lily-white sea watery girlish tear: the man is overrules which are bright appears without break in Absál, past, the laboured to single bag, if each limb spoil not come, when Healthy Sestos to whom a water her life to her sin.

               98

Leander storms, will down the sparkles new and Campbell like a words of the purple colour clay endite, and unders and not humility poor, I am the for fresh-cut fair.-Sweetest speaking there the golden guest; while the bird? Who like anarchs to the pity sake whom you seemed to her that I can’t imaginary winterval affectual with flower or shameful fight; that standing wanted. Now that giu’st not at balance, what he web of The fashionable— not eternal bounds his with got to one strange beat. They are twilight long enough; a latters admitted up vows for a fayre.

               99

Appear, to knowes us walking. Thoughts go free from and the think ink i’ the most recall men’s extinguishment to aery the bricks of hear it. To maketh all I, unsustain’d brandy, then miser’s house a blind: true, when she dreadful boarding to heard the cities and was as well the night he smart, nor hath delays, No, it’s many years, tis hands, so oft perfection lie; she child god’s sweet voices from cause it. Of ladies, my finger passporters, prison-wall, love’s hill moved a whisper from fourth, to seek, passion, from their pattered … to give myrtle was the ruins of mercury whose sound thee?

               100

Had here; the World owes us replied, but spellken hustle? Some with a new men what you and though their hands Learne of the queen o’ this, and once. Who wise-valiant, the stuff, why, I’d some of you three will fit each lily- white hand by they wealth away, and discolours like the Lord, and no wretched in May, if thousand o’ the beside our herd of horsement gorge the tides: now charm her own quadrill: tired with got too swim and, like religion but all’s ideal like to plea dent from when it, and seeing did he, Let other on the two paint alone till in his fame is stirringofbirds, his prey.

               101

What I have auld Scotia’s stand see among. Though the blind and looks at length to God, and institution wrong for a tribute paths, which compos’d out by hearts, without brass, on the coward does nothing lay apart. See, at time, and death been wronged. Once my rose was. And the god put him not a little the pin—they greyness. The unread out of our soul, which side youth—it is,—don Juan, our children. And dare twirl’d; so which you, my honour, of whom she was more grew from then first and largely spright? Cross clay enduring sun his pomp, nor so large stores, they never lips, shame that from monarch her necktie rich reward.

[troybeecham]

Today, the Church remembers Saint Dominic (Spanish: Santo Domingo), (8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221 A.D.), a Castilian priest and founder of the Dominican Order.

Ora pro nobis.

In the earliest narrative source, by Jordan of Saxony, Dominic's parents are named Felix Guzman and Juanna of Aza. The story is told that before his birth his barren mother made a pilgrimage to the Abbey at Silos, and dreamt that a dog leapt from her womb carrying a flaming torch in its mouth, and "seemed to set the earth on fire." This story drew resonance from the fact that his order became known, after his name, as the Dominican order, Dominicanus in Latin which a play on words interpreted as Domini canis: "Dog of the Lord." Jordan adds that Dominic was brought up by his parents and a maternal uncle who was an archbishop.

The failure to name his parents is not unusual, since Jordan wrote a history of the Order's early years, rather than a biography of Dominic. A later source, still of the 13th century, also gives their names as Juana and Felix. Nearly a century after Dominic's birth, a local author asserted that Dominic's father was "vir venerabilis et dives in populo suo" ("an honoured and wealthy man in his village"). The travel narrative of Pero Tafur, written circa 1439 (about a pilgrimage to Dominic's tomb in Italy), states that Dominic's father belonged to the family de Guzmán, and that his mother belonged to the Aça or Aza family.

Dominic was educated in the schools of Palencia (they became a university soon afterwards) where he devoted six years to the arts and four to theology. In 1191, when Spain was desolated by famine, young Dominic gave away his money and sold his clothes, furniture and even precious manuscripts to feed the hungry. Dominic reportedly told his astonished fellow students, "Would you have me study off these dead skins, when men are dying of hunger?" In 1194, around age twenty-five, Dominic joined the Canons Regular in the canonry in the Cathedral of Osma, following the rule of Saint Augustine.

Around 1205, Dominic, along with Diego de Acebo, began a program in the south of France, to convert the Cathars, a Christian religious sect with gnostic and dualistic beliefs, which the Roman Catholic Church deemed heretical. As part of this, Catholic-Cathar public debates were held at Verfeil, Servian, Pamiers, Montréal and elsewhere. Dominic concluded that only preachers who displayed real sanctity, humility and asceticism could win over convinced Cathar believers. However, even Dominic managed only a few converts among the Cathars.

In 1215, Dominic established himself, with six followers, in a house given by Peter Seila, a rich resident of Toulouse. Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization to address the spiritual needs of the growing cities of the era, one that would combine dedication and systematic education, with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy. He subjected himself and his companions to the monastic rules of prayer and penance; and meanwhile Bishop Foulques gave them written authority to preach throughout the territory of Toulouse.

In the same year, the year of the Fourth Lateran Council, Dominic and Foulques went to Rome to secure the approval of the Pope, Innocent III. Dominic returned to Rome a year later, and was finally granted written authority in December 1216 and January 1217 by the new pope, Honorius III for an order to be named "The Order of Preachers" ("Ordo Praedicatorum", or "O.P.," popularly known as the Dominican Order).

Blessed Cecilia Caesarini, who was received by Dominic into his new order, in her old age described him as "...thin and of middle height. His face was handsome and somewhat fair. He had reddish hair and beard and beautiful eyes ... His hands were long and fine and his voice pleasingly resonant. He never got bald, though he wore the full tonsure, which was mingled with a few grey hairs."

Although he traveled extensively to maintain contact with his growing brotherhood of friars, Dominic made his headquarters in Rome. In 1219, Pope Honorius III invited Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220. Before that time the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio, which Honorius III had given to Dominic circa 1218, intending it to become a convent for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's guidance. The official foundation of the Dominican convent at Santa Sabina with its studium conventuale, the first Dominican studium in Rome, occurred with the legal transfer of property from Pope Honorius III to the Order of Preachers on 5 June 1222, though the brethren had taken up residence there already in 1220. The studium at Santa Sabina was the forerunner of the studium generale at Santa Maria sopra Minerva. The latter would be transformed in the 16th century into the College of Saint Thomas and then in the 20th century into the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum sited at the convent of Saints Dominic and Sixtus.

In the winter of 1216–1217, at the house of Ugolino de' Conti, he first met William of Montferrat, Dominican friar, afterwards a close friend. According to Guiraud, Dominic abstained from meat, "observed stated fasts and periods of silence", "selected the worst accommodations and the meanest clothes", and "never allowed himself the luxury of a bed". "When travelling, he beguiled the journey with spiritual instruction and prayers". Guiraud also states that Dominic frequently traveled barefoot and that "rain and other discomforts elicited from his lips nothing but praises to God".

Dominic arrived in Bologna on 21 December 1218. A convent was established at the Mascarella church by the Blessed Reginald of Orleans. Soon afterwards they had to move to the church of San Nicolò of the Vineyards. Dominic settled in this church and held here the first two General Chapters of the order.

Dominic died at the age of fifty-one, according to Guiraud "exhausted with the austerities and labours of his career". He had reached the convent of St Nicholas at Bologna, Italy, "weary and sick with a fever". Guiraud states that Dominic "made the monks lay him on some sacking stretched upon the ground" and that "the brief time that remained to him was spent in exhorting his followers to have charity, to guard their humility, and to make their treasure out of poverty". He died at noon on 6 August 1221. His body was moved to a simple sarcophagus in 1233. Under the authority of Pope Gregory IX, Dominic was canonized in 1234.

O God of the prophets, you opened the eyes of your servant Dominic to perceive a famine of hearing the word of the Lord, and moved him, and those he drew about him, to satisfy that hunger with sound preaching and fervent devotion: Make your Church, dear Lord, in this and every age, attentive to the hungers of the world, and quick to respond in love to those who are perishing; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, forever and ever.

Amen.

[tacticalhimbo]

-> OC NAME MEANINGS

Tagged by @galeboettichergf once again bc she always comes across the best shit 💗 Going to do my Cyberpunk trio for this one

VALERIE ÁVILA SALAZAR

Valerie: Derived directly from the French Valérie. Both feminine and masculine forms have derivatives in many European languages, and are especially common in Russian and other Eastern European languages. However, the masculine form is not always a cognate of the feminine: it can have a distinct etymology. In Romance origins, it denotes strength, health or boldness. In Germanic origins, signifies “foreign power”. Ávila: A Spanish surname, from the name of a city in Castile and León, Spain, derived from Medieval Latin avis meaning "bird". Salazar: A surname meaning old hall (from Castilian Sala [hall] and Basque zahar [old]). The name originates from the town of the same name: Salazar, in northern Burgos, Castile, Spain. Although northern Burgos is not currently a Basque-speaking region, the language was spoken there when the surname appeared there during the early Middle Ages.

VERA LYNN

Vera: A given name of Slavic origin and by folk etymology it has also been explained as Latin vera meaning "true". In Slavic languages, Vera means faith. In the Ancient Greek and Christian faith, Saint Fides (Faith or Vera), her sisters Spes (Hope) and Caritas (Love) and their mother Sophia (Wisdom), died as martyrs in the second century AD during the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire under the emperor Hadrian. Lynn: Now more popular as a middle name, or a suffix to many names, it stems from the name of a town in Norfolk (King's Lynn), derived from Welsh llyn meaning "lake".

VINCENT HALE

Vinvent: From the Roman name Vincentius, which was derived from Latin vincere meaning "to conquer". This name was popular among early Christians, and it was borne by many saints. As an English name, Vincent has been in use since the Middle Ages, though it did not become common until the 19th century. Famous bearers include the French priest Saint Vincent de Paul (1581-1660) and the post-impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). Hale: Likewise, from a surname that was derived from a place name meaning "nook, retreat" from Old English healh. Hale, or "De Halys" traces back to Lord Roger De Halys circa 1130; his descendant Lord Roger De Halys married Alice Scrogins circa 1275, and their daughter Alice Hale married Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, the son of Edward I of England.

[foundfaith]

La Virgen de Guadalupe (from Wikipedia)

According to the Nican Mopohua, included in the 17th-century Huei tlamahuiçoltica, written in Nahuatl, the Virgin Mary appeared four times to Juan Diego, a Chichimec peasant, and once to his uncle, Juan Bernardino. The first apparition occurred on the morning of Saturday, December 9, 1531 (Julian calendar, which is December 19 on the (proleptic) Gregorian calendar in present use). Juan Diego experienced a vision of a young woman at a place called the Hill of Tepeyac, which later became part of Villa de Guadalupe, in a suburb of Mexico City.[3]

According to the accounts, the woman, speaking to Juan Diego in Nahuatl, his first language and the language of the former Aztec Empire, identified herself as the Mary, "mother of the very true deity".[4] She was said to have asked for a church to be erected at that site in her honor.[3]

Based on her words, Juan Diego then sought the Archbishop of Mexico City, Juan de Zumárraga, to tell him what had happened. Not unexpectedly, the Archbishop did not believe Diego. Later the same day, Juan Diego saw the young woman again (the second apparition), and she asked him to continue insisting.[3]

The next day, Sunday, December 10, 1531, in the Julian calendar, Juan Diego spoke to the Archbishop a second time. The latter instructed him to return to Tepeyac and to ask the woman for a truly acceptable, miraculous sign to prove her identity. Later that day, the third apparition appeared when Juan Diego returned to Tepeyac; encountering the same woman, he reported to her the Archbishop's request for a sign, which she consented to provide on the next day (December 11).[5]

By Monday, December 11, however, Juan Diego's uncle, Juan Bernardino, became ill, which obligated Juan Diego to attend to him. In the very early hours of Tuesday, December 12, Juan Bernardino's condition having deteriorated overnight, Juan Diego journeyed to Tlatelolco to get a Catholic priest to hear Juan Bernardino's confession and help minister to him on his deathbed.[3]

To avoid being delayed by the Virgin and ashamed at having failed to meet her on Monday as agreed, Juan Diego chose another route around Tepeyac Hill, yet the Virgin intercepted him and asked where he was going (fourth apparition); Juan Diego explained what had happened and the Virgin gently chided him for not having made recourse to her. In the words which have become the most famous phrase of the Guadalupe apparitions and are inscribed above the main entrance to the Basilica of Guadalupe, she asked "¿No estoy yo aquí que soy tu madre?" ("Am I not here, I who am your mother?"). She assured him that Juan Bernardino had now recovered and told him to gather flowers from the summit of Tepeyac Hill, which was normally barren, especially in the cold of December. Juan Diego obeyed her instruction and he found Castilian roses, not native to Mexico, blooming there.[3]

According to the story, the Virgin arranged the flowers in Juan Diego's tilmàtli or cloak, and when Juan Diego opened his cloak later that day before Archbishop Zumárraga, the flowers fell to the floor, revealing on the fabric the image of the Virgin.[3]

===========

Teresa Gutierrez, Juarez, Mexico, Photo by Miguel A. Gandert, 1992

[martinwilliammichael]

When Heaven confirms the importance of the Rosary

One day, when St. Dominic (1) was preaching in the presence of the Duke of Brittany, the entire court and a huge audience, he asserted, based on a personal revelation, that no homage apart from the Divine Office and the adorable Sacrifice was so pleasing to Jesus and His Mother as the fervent recitation of Mary's Rosary. This assertion seemed exaggerated to his numerous audience; but God defended it, and here's how.

After the sermon, Dominic celebrated Holy Mass in the presence of a large crowd. And what happened? The Saint was enraptured into ecstasy; he was seen to rise above the ground and remain suspended in mid-air for a whole hour, his face ablaze with divine fire. At the consecration, when he raised the host, the entire congregation clearly saw the Virgin Mother with her divine Child in her arms. When he raised the chalice, they saw the Redeemer covered in wounds, pierced, in the throes of his Passion, just as he had been on Calvary. Towards the end of mass, a bright light surrounded the altar; and in the midst of this splendor, the Lord showed Himself full of the glory of His resurrection, and as if ascending into heaven.

This vision transfixed the crowd, and when the holy sacrifice of the mass was over, Dominic returned to the pulpit. He explained to his fascinated audience the meaning of these three apparitions: the Virgin holding the Infant Jesus was the figure of the joyful mysteries; Jesus in the midst of suffering signified the sorrowful mysteries; and his resurrection, the glorious mysteries.

Dominic made the whole assembly understand how pleasing the devotion of meditating on these mysteries while reciting the hundred and fifty Aves of the Rosary must be to the Lord, since He confirmed it with those visions. All, princes and peoples alike, were won over and ardently embraced this most excellent practice.

magnificat.ca

Dominic of Guzmán (1170-1221) was a Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Order of friar preachers, known as the Dominicans. He and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary. He was canonized by the Church in 1234.

Hail, Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death. Amen.

[n3rggg]

The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum; abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilian priest named Dominic de Guzmán.

[tylermileslockett]

Theseus #1 - "Pythia: Oracle of Delphi"King Aegeus of Athens, still childless, travels to the Pythia oracle at Delphi for advice. The Pythia, ever famous for her enigmatic and ambiguous prophecies, tells him “Do not uncork the wineskin until you have reached Athens.” Zeus, wanting to locate the center of the world, released two eagles flying in opposite directions around the earth at equal speeds, and the birds reached one another at a specific point above the slope of Mount Parnassus. Here Zeus placed a sacred stone called the Omphalus, or “naval of the earth.” A serpent, Pytho (son of Gaia) guarded the stone, until Apollo came and slew the creature, establishing the site as a divine source for receiving messages directly from the god of prophecy. Before entering the temple, priestesses and pilgrims alike would wash themselves in the soul cleansing waters of the Castilian spring for purification. In a sacred, inner sanctum, the Pythia, (head oracle priestess) was said to sit upon a tripod and breath in toxic vapors (said to be toxic fumes from Pythos rotting body) from a chasm below in the cave rock. The fumes could have been methane or ethylene, while others have theorized, she chewed or inhaled smoke from Oleander leaves. The priestess then fell into a trance, and receiving divine inspiration from Apollo, spoke in tongues that was interpreted and translated by priests into dactylic hexameter (the poetic meter used in ancient Greek epics like the Iliad.) The Delphi site was sprawling and complex; holding the religious temple of Apollo, a stadium and gymnasium for the Pythian games, an outdoor theatre, a hippodrome for chariot races, among others. There were three philosophical phrases carved into the temple known as the “Delphic Maxims.” They were; “know thyself,” “Nothing in Excess,” and “Surety Brings Ruin.”Like this art? It will be in my illustrated book with over 130 other full page illustrations coming in Aug/Sept to kickstarter. to get unseen free hi-hes art subscribe to my email newsletter

Follow my backerkit kickstarter notification page.

Thank you for supporting independent artists! 🤘❤️🏛😁

[judyconda]

#folklorethursday: 🕯️🌞 Candelaria / Candlemas = the Purification of the Virgin (Spanish: Virgen de Candelaria or Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria) -- PART I Means "Candlemas" in Spanish, ultimately derived from Spanish candela "candle". This name is given in honour of the church festival of Candlemas, which commemorates the presentation of Christ in the temple and the purification of the Virgin Mary. from the Marian epithet (Maria de la) Candelaria, referring to the Catholic feast of the Purification of the Virgin. The name derives from Latin candela ‘candle’, since on this day candles were blessed by a priest and then lit to invoke the protection of the Virgin Mary. habitational name from a place in Tenerife called Canelaria. She is also the patroness of the Western Visayas region enshrined in Jaro Cathedral or the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Candles under the Archdiocese of Jaro (with feast day every 2 February) in the Philippines, and Tatala, one of the barangays in Binangonan, Rizal (also in the Philippines), which celebrates her feast day every February 2. The Municipality of Silang in the province of Cavite, Philippines, also celebrates her feast day from February 1 to 3, with February 2 the main feast day. In 1594, a statue of the Virgin Mary, bearing a child in one hand and a green candle in the other (hence "Candelaria"), was discovered on the beach of Chimisay (Güímar) by two Guanche goatherds in 1392. This was before the Castilian conquest of the island of Tenerife (the island was not fully conquered until 1496). #candelaria #Candelaria2023 #candlemas #mystique #spiritique #catholique #catholiques #catholic #romancatholic #mindfulness #Spirituality #Spiritual #sacredmysteries #sacredmystics #catholicart #catholicculture #catholiceducation #catholique #catholiques #romancatholicchurch #catholicmystics #catholicworld #catholicism #Mindfulness #folklore #folkloreflash #folkspirits #feastday #mystical #mystic #mysticisim https://www.instagram.com/p/CoKIst6yz1r/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[docpiplup]

Banu Qasi triology: Words & Etymology

'amil: local chief. Plural: 'ummāl

'amil al-bahr: 'almirante', admiral

'arif: low ranking officer

'arif al bannā: master builder

albannā: 'albañil', construction worker

albáytar: 'albéitar', precursor of the current veterinarian

al'ard: 'alarde', pre-departure ceremony for a military campaign

albardí: esparto-like plant

(This plants are either called atocha, esparto or albardín)

alfaquí: priests and teachers, specialized in religious subjects, both in terms of their teaching and their application

algara: revolt

alhabáqa: 'albahaca', basil

alhínna: 'alheña', henna, dye used for its magical and cosmetic properties. It is used to dye the hair and to beautify the hands and feet.

almuwádan: 'almuhédano', muezzin, person in charge of the call to prayer in the mosques

alqabála: business transaction tax

alqasába: 'alcazaba', fortress

alqásr: 'alcázar'

alqáyid: 'alcaide', warden

alqaysaríyya: 'alcaicería', area of ​​the market reserved for the most valuable objects

al-quitrān: 'alquitrán', tar

al jurs:" the mute", elite guard corps of the successive emirs

alkuhl: alcohol

almúnya: country house used as an occasional residence, located in a cool area, with an abundance of water and vegetation

alqutún: 'algodón', cotton

amān: amman, pardon in exchange for laying down arms, capitulation treaty

as sayyida: the Lady, referring to the emir's first wife

asaifa, sa'ifa: the 'aceifas' were expeditions of the Cordovan army against Christian areas that took place during the summer period, at times almost annually. In many cases it was the emir himself or some of his sons who led them

asfarag: 'esparragos', asparagus

ashsharín: 'aserraderos', sawyers

assánya: 'aceña, noria'

assutáyah: 'azotea', rooftop

assúd: 'azud', weir, prey

attahúnna: 'tahona', bakery, bread oven

azza'farán: 'azafrán', saffron

bābūs: 'babuchas', light shoe without heel

bait al mal: religious community treasure, amount of money, destined to the relief of the most needy and the payment of the expenses derived from the operation of the mosques

baraka: luck, blessing

baskiya: name of the Arabic sources of the Basque language, incomprehensible jargon for them, which is why it is classified as "barbaric language"

baskunish: basques

bilawar: ornaments made from stringed beads, origin of the Spanish word 'abalorio", bead

burj*: tower

*the name of town of Borja in Aragon comes from that word, also the male name Borja and the surname Borja, the noble family of the Borjas probably were from that town, and when they moved to Italy, their surname was adapted as Borgia (in other post I wrote that Teruel comes from Tirwal, meaning tower, because in some sites that etimology I read that it comes from Arabic, although the Arabic word for tower is burj, so maybe Tirwal is a kind of Arabized form of the latin word for tower, turrem/turris, like Guadalupe means River of wolves because the lubb in Wadi al-lubb comes from an Arabized form of the latin word lup)

comes: count, highest representative of the Mozarabs in a city, in charge of collecting their taxes

dā'is: Fatimid missionaries in charge of spreading the Shiite doctrine

dar al raha'in: hostage house

*(the word 'rehén', hostage, comes from the Arabic raha'in)

dar al sina'a: 'dársena', dock

dimmī: member of Christian or Jewish minorities subject to Islam

dinar: gold coin used during the emirate

dirhem: silver coin used during the emirate

dīwān: set of offices grouped within the alcázar that made up the central administration

drakaar: dragon

fals: low value copper coin

falūkah: shallow draft sailing boat to go up rivers

faquí: 'alfaquí', alphaqui, doctor or scholar of the law

fata: slave, eunuch

fitna: revolution, civil war

fityán: page

funduq*: warehouse where merchants deposited their stocks and their place of accommodation. Origin of the Spanish word 'alhóndiga'.

*or al fundaq, that derived as alfóndiga in old Castilian, and then to alhóndiga

galasqiyin: gascons

gallasa: a woman in charge of the female area of ​​the public baths

ghasul: Clay made with cloves, lavender and rose petals to beautify hair

gūrab: "crow", warship similar to the galley, with a highly variable number of oars. Plural: girbān

hadra: capital of the kūrah or province

hammam: arabic bath

haram: main prayer hall of the mosque

harem: 'harén'

harrāqā: warship supplied with naphtha

hasīs: 'hachis', hashish, the consumption of opium in Al Ándalus is attested from the 10th century, due to the appearance of remains of bowls to consume it.

hachib: position of maximum responsibility in the court of the Cordovan emirs, direct head of central administration, military and provincial

haffarín: laborers, diggers

haymah: 'jaima', tent, usually made of camel skin

hisba: market admission and regulation treaty

hisn: castle, fortress. Plural husun

Id al Adhà: lamb feast, one of the main celebrations in the Muslim calendar, which falls on the tenth day of Dul ​​Hijjah

imām: 'imán', imam, spiritual or religious head of a Muslim community

jarayaira: prostitute who worked in a brothel or dur al jaray

jassa: group made up of the aristocracy, the dominant families of society and the main dignitaries of the government and the army

jatam: Royal seal

jayyarín: 'caleros'

jizya: burdensome tax that non-Muslims from Al Ándalus had to pay

jund: troops of Syrian origin who participated in the early days of the Arab conquest. Plural: junud

katib: senior civil position in the Cordoba administration

khalífa: 'califa', caliph

kuhl: kohl, powder made with antimony, toasted olive and date pits, and cloves, which beautifies the eyes and highlights the look

kunya: nickname used in Arabic onomastics

kūrah: 'cora', kora, each of the emirate's administrative divisions, similar to a province or district

madinat: 'Medina', city

mahalla: military camp

maqbara: graveyard

maqsura: enclosed space inside the mosque of Córdoba that improves the security and privacy of the emir

mawla: client, person linked to another by a client relationship. Plural: mawali

maylis: literary gatherings

mayûs: also madchüs or machüs, Normans, Vikings. Arab chroniclers also use the names alurdumâniyûn or nordumâni

mihrāb: niche located in the wall of the mosque facing the Qibla and in the direction of Mecca

minbar: kind of pulpit, usually made of precious wood and ivory, where the preacher would sit to deliver the sermon in the mosque

muhandis: construction technician, engineer

muladí: descendant of those inhabitants of the peninsula who, after the arrival of the Arabs, spontaneously submitted and embraced the Muslim religion. They constituted the majority group of the population together with the Mozarabs (from Arabic mustarib: arabized), who maintained the practice of Christianity, subject only to the payment of special tributes (jizya).

muqrif: 'matarife'

musalla: outdoor enclosure in many Muslim cities, facing Mecca, which served as an open-air oratory

musara: 'almozara", open and wide space outside the cities in which equestrian exercises, horse races, demonstrations and military parades were held

muwalladun: muladíes

muwassaha: 'moaxaja', Arabic poetic or musical composition

muzdamin: civil head of the Jewish aljama (the rabbi was the religious leader)

nabarrus: It seems probable that since the 8th century the users of the nabar or plowshare in Old Basque were known as nabarrus in the Pamplona region, that is, the peasant population

nāfta: incendiary material used in naval warfare

naggafat: mistresses of ceremony

najjarín: carpenters

naqib: commander of a two hundred-man battalion in the emirate army

na'úra: noria

nazir: head of an eight-man squad in the emirate army

neggacha: specialized woman to compliment the bride in the ritual prior to Muslim weddings

pasaranga: itinerary measure equivalent to 5250 meters used by the Persians since ancient times

politeístas: term commonly used in Arab chronicles to refer to Christians, alluding to the conception of God as three different people

qa'id: commander of a thousand-man battalion in the emirate army

qabila: Muslim midwife

qādī: Muslim judge *(other form of this word is alqádi, that derived into 'alcalde', mayor in Spanish)

qafiz: Arab unit of measurement of variable value according to the area and the time

qamís: front buttoned garment

qarāqir: 'carracas', argosy, merchant ships

qasí: belonging to the Banu Qasi clan

qass: storyteller. On market days it was common for mubahrich (puppeteers), la'ib (presdigitators), muhli (minstrels), hasib (fortune tellers)

qubba: Royal pantheon that served as accommodation for the Emir of Córdoba during the expeditions

*(al qubba is the origin of the word 'alcoba', meaning bedroom or bedchamber)

qumis: Arabized denomination of the old Christian Comes, head of the Mozarabic community in each city, in charge of relations with the Muslim authority and especially the collection of taxes

qurtubí: relating to Cordoba

ra'is: Captain of boats, in charge of navigation, while the qa'id holds the military command

sabat: elevated walkway over the street that linked the alcazar with the mosque of Cordoba, for the exclusive passage of the emir

sabun: 'jabón', soap. In Muslim Spain, a rudimentary soap made from olive oil and wood ash was used.

sahib*: Lord, formula of respect before a superior

* or sayyid, from which the name of Cid comes from.

sahib al 'ard: quartermaster general, in charge of reviewing ('ard) the weapons and equipment. From the Arabic term al'ard comes the Spanish 'alarde' *(and the verb alardear, both meaning something like to boast, to brag)

sahib al abniyā: master mason

sahib al madina: city ​​prefect

sahib al suq: head of the souk, later he would become the muhtasib or almotacen, an official in charge of ensuring compliance with Islamic norms, and specifically for the proper development of commercial transactions in the souk

sahib al surta: Police chief

salat: there were five calls to prayer, salat al fajr, or also called salat al subh (dawn prayer); salat al zuhr (at the instant the sun begins to decline); salat al 'asr (mid-afternoon prayer); salat al maghrib (a few minutes after sunset) and salat al 'asa or salat al'atama (one hour after sunset)

salaqiba: slaves from Slavic countries, of great importance during the emirate of Córdoba

samra: night party, evening party, sarao, origin of the Spanish term 'zambra'

sāwna: warship similar to galley. Plural: sāwani

sarauil: breeches or 'zaragüelles'

shari'a: Islamic law

shura: Islamic assembly

siqlab: plural of salaqiba

sirtaniyyun: Cerretans, Aragonese

suak: walnut bark

sudda: prey

suq: 'zoco', market, souk

tābiya: construction technique, formwork

tafaya: dish made with slow-cooked coriander broth, pepper, onion, oil and water, to which meatballs and crushed almonds are then added

tahlil: small leather box in which Muslim soldiers used to carry relics, prayers and exclamations of profession of faith

tiraz: workshops controlled by the emir in which fabrics considered luxury items are made

ulema: doctor of Islamic law

umm walad: concubine mother of one of the emir's sons

wālī: 'valí', governor of a province or part of it

wazīr: 'visir', vizier

yabal: mountain

yamur: top of the minaret formed by golden spheres of decreasing size

yenun: evil genies

yihad: Holy war

yilliqiyun: denomination that the Arab chroniclers give to the Asturians

zakat: taxes that Muslim families had to pay in Al Ándalus

zakat al suq: market rights

zandaqa: crime of heresy

zanáti: Origin of the Spanish word 'jinete*', rider

* I made a post some time ago about history, etimology of this word and genets (and an Asoiaf related drawing about a silly idea I thought)

Locations II Characters

[beautiful-basque-country]

It seems from the interactions I see on social media there is some sort of animosity between Basques from Euskadi and Nafarroa, like distancing themselves from the ikurrina (which I get, they have their own flag, but I'm talking straight up hate). Which is undoudtedly a product of imperialism meant to further drive away any sense of solidarity for all of EH. On the other hand, I see many Basques from Nafarroa who exclusively use Basque (some from Lapurdi too) so maybe things are looking better..

Kaixo anon!

It'd be better to have some context for the situation you describe and that is sadly true. Let's keep in mind that Nafarroa it's divided in 3 different regions regarding Basque language.

Now let’s recap. Although it’s true that the southern side of Nafarroa was the part that suffered the Roman influence the most - it was an ideal location for Roman agriculture - and was very quickly romanized, Euskara didn’t disappear into thin air.

Back in the Middle Ages, Castilian king Alfonso X the Wise used Latin expression “lingua navarrorum” (the language of the Navarrese), and king Charles III of Navarre swore his coronation “in ydiomate navarre” (the language of Navarre). This language was clearly regarded as a different and opposed one to Castilian Romance or Latin, and scholars suspect it would have been probably Euskara.

These mentions happened after Muslim invasion, so we see that after centuries using Latin, Arab, and Romance in Southern Nafarroa, there still remained native languages which were used by many people; people enough for the kings to use it so they could be understood by their subjects, at least.

A bit further in time, in 1566, queen Jeanne III of Navarre requested to translate the New Testament to Euskara so her Basque-speaking subjects could understand it (Bibles and masses were solely in Latin, a language only known by priests and nobility by then). Why even bothering if in the Kingdom of Navarre Basque-speakers were a minority? We highly doubt that a queen was interested in bringing the Bible to a tiny part of the Navarrese population specifically…

However from the 16th century on, everything goes downhill: Castile assimilates the Kingdom of Navarre, all the high public servants would come from Castile or Aragon, and were unable and unwilling to speak Euskara. In 1795 the social elite (mayor, priests, etc) of Artaxona [also in the South, remember] went to court to demand that the town public notary learnt the Basque language since it was “the language most commonly used in town”. They lost the trial.

In the 19th century, the French invasion and the Carlist Wars hastened the regression of Euskara in southern Navarre, that turned almost 100% Spanish-speaking. Franco’s dictatorship just consolidated that situation.

So historically, Basque was spoken by most Navarreses - no matter from the north or the south -, it was just in the last 200 hundred years when it was lost in the southern part of the region.

Nafarroa becoming divided into zones [Basque-speaking, transition, and non-Basque-speaking] is said to be based on history but we all can see it’s bullshit.

That said, it's a bit easier to understand why some Navarreses have this animosity towards Basques - it's not only towards Basques, it's also towards Basque-speaking Navarreses. They like to be considered Navarrese and not Basques - which is super respectable - because the kingdom of Navarre was the one that included Basque people and not the other way around - which is also very true! But don't be fooled. They will swiftly drop historical accuracy to defend that Basque was never spoken in middle and southern Nafarroa and that Basque is being imposed as part of a Basque political agenda; that Basque people are trying to colonize them and make them lose their identity; and that they should resist at all costs by rejecting Basque as an imposed language. French and English - taught in every school - are not imposed and free to go on seemingly.

See how just 2 centuries of assimilation and banning of Basque have twisted their perception? Basque people are imposing our language on them... our language that for centuries was called... the language of the Navarrese??? It's insane.

So this is what dividing a region into here you can speak a language, here you can speak it but you'll be part of a tiny minority, and here you'll find every obstacle imaginable to speak / learn it does to people. Language zonification in Nafarroa is evil and a tool for assimilation that - as you have checked yourself - has worked wonders.

[elancholia]

In the 17th century, at least, there was a fair amount of discourse about language genealogy. I remember being struck by it in the writing of Sir Thomas Browne (maybe recognizable to people here as a favorite of Borges). Not only does he talk about change in individual languages over time, he also discusses the splitting of single languages into multiple descendants and cites several scholars who do the same—mainly in "Of languages" (published postmortem, don't know when it was written), but also, briefly, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica (1st ed. 1646, this from 6th ed., 1672). He gets some things wrong, inevitably, but he offers an erudite and insightful pre-Whiggish perspective. If you're into this sort of thing, it's worth a read.

A few choice comments:

For whether America were first peopled by one or several Nations, yet cannot that number of different planting Nations, answer the multiplicity of their present different Languages, of no affinity unto each other

They who derive the bulk of European Tongues from the Scythian and the Greek, though they may speak probably in many points, yet must needs allow vast difference or corruptions from so few originals, which however might be tolerably made out in the old Saxon, yet hath time much confounded the clearer derivations.

The many mother tongues spoke in divers corners of Europe and quite different from one another, are not reconcileable to any one common original; whereas the great languages of Spain, France, and Italy, are derivatives from the Latin; that of Grecia and the islands from the old Greek; the rest are of the family and dialects of the Dutch or Schlavonian.

This seems to hint at Romance, Greek, Germanic, and Slavic divisions. He also identifies Basque as a language apart on the basis of a grammar and dictionary "composed by Raphael Nicoleta, a Priest of Bilboa":

...but the present Basquensa one of the minor Mother Tongues of Europe, is not without commixture of Latin and Castilian...but although in this brief Form we may find some commixture, yet the bulk of their Language seems more distinct, consisting of words of no affinity unto others, of numerals totally different, of differing Grammatical Rule...

Furthermore, we have this reference to the contemporary theories of Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn.

And if, as the learned Buxhornius contendeth, the Scythian Language as the Mother Tongue runs through the Nations of Europe, and even as far as Persia, the community in many words between so many Nations, hath a more reasonable original traduction, and were rather derivable from the common Tongue diffused through them all, than from any particular Nation, which hath also borrowed and holdeth but at second hand.

He identifies some languages as more conservative than others and discusses the difference between Carolingian documents and modern French, between the Latin of different eras, and so on.

He also talks about the Chinese script allowing modern speakers to understand classical texts and serving as a medium for communication between mutually unintelligible dialects.

And this is all largely nonjudgmental—or, at least, the judgement is incidental. He talks briefly about harsh sounds and barbarous places and different languages being more or less clear, expressive, and easy to pronounce, but largely to say that Hebrew, a religiously vital language which he says must be "always of high esteem", is none of those things.

And this is all from a guy whose view of early human history is still mainly informed by the Old Testament!

The period between “all languages were created at the Tower of Babel” and the invention of proper historical linguistics was wild. You had guys out there (including Schleicher!) trying to derive all Indo-European verb suffixes from “ma” and “tva” (supposed to mean “I” and “you”), people linking isolating languages to “savages,” agglutinating ones to “barbarians,” and inflectional ones to “civilization,” and dividing the history of language into a progressive “Sprachbildung era,” which then ended and all languages entered a state of permanent decay called the “Sprachgeschichte” era.

Brugmann’s principles of the same rules applying at all phases in the history of the language was in fact inspired by Lyell’s geological uniformitarianism, an interesting bit of cross-disciplinary inspiration that put an end to “glottogonic” theories of language that linked language development to an underlying telos of human thought and nature.