#Carry On Regardless (1961)

[thezombiegeekinthehawaiianshirt]

[thetepes]

Thalidomide baby: Referencing children born with birth defects caused by the use of a drug called Thalidomide, sold under the brand names Contergan and Thalomid among others, a medication that was prescribed to pregnant women in the 1950s and 1960s.

Thalidomide was promoted for anxiety, trouble sleeping, "tension", and morning sickness. While it was initially thought to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects arose, resulting in its removal from the market in Europe in 1961. Common side effects include sleepiness, rash, and dizziness. Severe side effects include tumor lysis syndrome, blood clots, and peripheral neuropathy. Thalidomide is a known human teratogen and carries an extremely high risk of severe, life-threatening birth defects if administered during pregnancy. It causes skeletal deformities such as amelia (absence of legs and/or arms), absence of bones, and phocomelia (malformation of the limbs). A single dose of thalidomide, regardless of dosage, is enough to cause teratogenic effects. 

The total number of infants severely harmed by thalidomide use during pregnancy is estimated at over 10,000, possibly 20,000, of whom about 40% died around the time of birth. Those who survived had limb, eye, urinary tract, and heart problems. The birth defects caused by thalidomide led to the development of greater drug regulation and monitoring in many countries.

It was approved in the United States in 1998 for use as a treatment for cancer.

[the-valiant-valkyrie]

the first manned shuttle ever to launch into space- the vostok in 1961- had a space for the crew around 6 feet (2.3 m) in diameter. the first manned shuttle to carry three people at once- the voskhod in 1964- was practically the exact same size, and required the crew to forego spacesuits in order for all three of them to fit.

the death engine is... well. a hell of a lot bigger than either of them. we never get a picture of it in its entirety, but from what we see both in photographs as well as the visible space in person, the docking bay alone probably has more space than both of those ships combined. which makes sense, as it is a satellite and not exclusively a flight vessel.

... but the death engine still had a crew of three to man it for however long it was intended to be in immediate use. three people, solaris only being one of them.

as if that wasn't bad enough on its own, the other two assistants who tagged along weren't professionals, but intern astronauts- making it rather obvious why none of them survived as long as solaris herself did. before she discovers who the agent is, she assumes them to be equally as inexperienced right out of the gate (“Okay, lesson one of space internships: You need oxygen to live”).

from these two factors alone, we can assume that solaris would have been pulling over twice her weight around the satellite regardless of whether or not her assistants were alive, and only took on more responsibility after they were killed while on duty. that's already a huge mental strain and time investment in its own right. but that's not even all of it.

astronauts need to exercise for at least two hours if they don't want to suffer muscle or bone atrophy. as a result, they need to eat more calories than they normally would on earth. sodium intake also needs to be reduced (as the human body sheds less of it in space), and vitamin d intake needs to be increased (as it can not be generated from the sun). that means, perhaps rather obviously, that their diet is very important.

unfortunately for solaris, she is stuck eating the grotesque space slop.

not only does the food ration not include the recommended amount of essential vitamins, and include a self admittedly high amount of salt, but it is unclear what it even is supposed to be.

i can only hope that vitamin d happens to be a part of the 'some essential vitamins' included, since- considering there is zero orange juice located in the orange drink- there is probably none of it to be found in there.

this isn't even mentioning the importance of sleep on a spacecraft, partnered with how difficult it is to acquire in altered gravity. and partnering that up with solaris' poor diet, and the mountain of tasks she probably has to go through just to keep everything operational?

i clown on her a lot for 'doing nothing' while the agent was meddling with her things, but this entire time she's been overworked, underfed, and presumably doing all of that on a heavily fragmented sleep schedule.

no wonder she hasn't gotten around to clearing the radiation from the docking bay. no wonder she stayed in her chair the entire time. i would have gotten the call from zor and gone straight back to fucking bed!!!

[ward-en]

originally wrote this out as a silly rant, but honestly I'm kinda irked and also find Welsh history stuff fascinating, so here's a slightly more coherent rant about the Welsh language, it's history and why I think that efforts to make Welsh more prominent in Wales is a positive and undeniably important thing (ended up being kinda long so see rant under the cut) 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿

Basically, this article outlines how people think that efforts to increase the amount of Welsh speakers, which includes making more schools Welsh-medium and requiring knowledge of the language for certain jobs, are "forcing Welsh upon people". Just to clarify, this article is only about Ceredigion, but efforts to increase Welsh fluency are happening all over Wales, so I think this is still relevant regardless. Anyway, people are claiming that they feel they are being pushed out of the country, and that the council should be spending money elsewhere. There is an argument to be made with that last point, but ultimately this while opposition has a whiff of colonisation to it, a hint of English bullshittery. Opponents of these efforts seem to see it as a personal attack, as though trying to teach a country it's own language is discriminatory. I do not understand this point of view at all. The Welsh language had been in decline ever since (mostly) English settlers started to promote the replacement of Welsh with English. Welsh was stopped from being taught in schools, to the point where children heard speaking Welsh were made to wear something called the "Welsh Not" (pictures below)

Children caught speaking Welsh would have this wooden plaque with "WN" carved into it hung around their necks, and any student seen wearing one by the end of class would be beaten with a cane for it by teachers. From ~1840-1940, the Welsh language was literally beaten out of children. A factor in this was an investigation into the "lawlessness" and "laziness" of the Welsh, which was carried out by monoglot English speakers, that decided the Welsh language was the primary cause. There is probably a lot more I could talk about regarding the erasure of the Welsh language and culture, but my point is, it happened. And the Welsh language declined for it, to the point where from 1911 to 1961 the census reported that the percentage of Welsh speakers had decreased from 43.5% to 26%. The Welsh government have been making efforts to raise this number, with methods including making Welsh lessons mandatory in school (I believe most students must take a Welsh GCSE), providing more Welsh-medium schools and providing more job opportunities to those who speak Welsh; things that the original article take issue with. But these things haven't been introduced to flush out non-Welsh speakers from the country, it's to create more of them. We can see that these efforts aren't in vain either; the percentage of Welsh speakers increased for the first time in over 100 years in 2001. The numbers decreased in 2011, but have since rose to even greater figures in 2021. The pandemic had an effect on these figures, which is to be expected as schools closed, limiting most children's access to proper education, which just adds to the necessity of bolstering the Welsh language today. To make the most general of conclusions, we are slowly but surely regaining the language that many of our ancestors had beaten out of them, stripped from them against their wills. Our country should be able to speak it's own language, the same way you'd expect people living in Spain to speak Spanish, people living in Germany to speak German. This isn't an attempt to erase the English language from Wales, that would be impossible at this point. Instead, bilingualism is encouraged, to keep the language that most of us already speak from birth whilst still promoting a language that had previously been dying. A language that previously represented Wales. The fact that, as seen in the original article, most of the opponents of the council's decisions identified themselves as "British" rather than "Welsh" (as most of the supporters did), is honestly to be expected. It was non-Welsh (mainly English) people that have tried to erase this language multiple times before, and history seems to be repeating itself. This will sound harsh, but if you disagree with the people of a country speaking it's language, then maybe it's time to pack your bags. You want a country that speaks majority English? Go to England or something. But I think it is reasonable to say that in Wales, we should be encouraged to learn our own language.

Sorry for this being such a departure from my usual stuff. Anyone who follows me probably gets whiplash every time I post lol. But I've been thinking about stuff like this a lot so seeing this article kinda just sent me into a frenzy. Honestly I wish I spoke more Welsh. Duolingo is the only decent language learning app I can find but it only does Northern Welsh and I'm a southern gal so I've been hesitant. I did get an A* in my Welsh GCSE though so at least there's that. Rant over now lol. Hwyl fawr a nos da!!

[joanhicksonsdaughter]

Joan Hickson in the Carry On Films

Joan appeared in 5 Carry On Films:

• Sister in Carry On Nurse (1959)

• Mrs May in Carry On Constable (1960)

• Matron in Carry On Regardless (1961)

• Mrs Grubb in Carry On Loving (1970)

• Mrs Dukes in Carry On Girls (1973)

[nicholas-the-paleomancer]

The letter I wrote:

Senator,

I am no pacifist. There comes a time when violence is not only necessary but justified in creating a better future. It was true during the Revolution, it was true during the Civil War, it was true during the Second World War to destroy the vicious regimes of the Axis, and it's true now in the United States' support for the people of Ukraine in resisting invasion by a tyrant. However, the current war between Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and Iran is not a just one. And not only is it an unjust war, it is one that will destroy any prestige and good will that the United States enjoys.

The terrorist attack carried out by Hamas has turned the century-old Israeli-Palestine conflict into a regional war in which we should take no part except as a source of aid and diplomacy. Israeli hostages are dead or have yet to be released, tens of thousands of Gazans are dead and their cities lie in ruin, the West Bank Palestinians are kicked off their own land, the Lebanese are facing similar threats, and now Iranian missiles rain down on Israel. As horrific as this is, it is even more horrific that this could have been avoided.

Our actions and rhetoric have been two faced: with one hand we bemoan the fate of Palestine and beg for a two-state solution, while with the other we vote against Palestinian statehood in the UN and provide unconditional military aid to a an Israeli government that is proudly against any two-state solution. We talk about the importance of not letting the conflict expand into a regional war, but watch impotently as our ally assassinates Hamas and Hezbollah officials with whom they are meant to be negotiating and who are on foreign land, regardless of collateral damage.

The current administration and a majority in Congress may say that we are pushing for a diplomatic solution behind the scenes, but how can that possibly work when we give one of the parties billions of dollars in weapons? From an Israeli hardliner's perspective, there is absolutely no incentive to negotiate in good faith because there will always be US weapons to back up their goals.

As your constituent, I urge you to join your colleagues in the U.S. Senate by supporting Senator Bernie Sanders’ Joint Resolutions of Disapproval (JRD) under the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), to stop from advancing the recently proposed U.S. arms sales to Israel.

The Biden administration recently approved arms sales to Israel totaling over $20 billion. These sales include weapons that have been connected to tens of thousands of civilian deaths inside Gaza. The sale of such weapons violates the criteria of the AECA and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

This war is not happening in a vacuum. It is the result of decades of turning a blind eye to violations of human rights and international law. While the USA has always and vocally supported a two state solution, we have consistent played favorites at the expense of our international reputation. Even worse, it enhances the legitimacy of tyrants like Putin, Xi, and Khamenei when they point out our hypocrisy and proclaim themselves the "Axis of Resistance."

Before it's too late, we need to actually force the Israeli government to come to the negotiating table in good faith. We need to restore our international reputation by dealing fairly with international actors and not turning a blind eye human rights violations because it's convenient. We need to show the world that we are serious when we want negotiated end to the war and that the Israeli tail isn't wagging the American dog.

I strongly urge you to join your colleagues by supporting Sen. Sanders’ JRD today.

Thank you.

Sincerely, Nicholas Montiel, Ph.D.

To all my American friends, the time is now.

Please, execute a BOMBARDMENT. Call your representatives!

[sunaleisocial]

After 60 Years, Nuclear Power for Spaceflight is Still Tried and True - NASA Science

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/after-60-years-nuclear-power-for-spaceflight-is-still-tried-and-true-nasa-science/

After 60 Years, Nuclear Power for Spaceflight is Still Tried and True - NASA Science

Editor’s Note: Originally published on June 21, 2021.

Six decades after the launch of the first nuclear-powered space mission, Transit IV-A, NASA is embarking on a bold future of human exploration and scientific discovery. This future builds on a proud history of safely launching and operating nuclear-powered missions in space.

“Nuclear power has opened the solar system to exploration, allowing us to observe and understand dark, distant planetary bodies that would otherwise be unreachable. And we’re just getting started,” said Dr. Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. “Future nuclear power and propulsion systems will help revolutionize our understanding of the solar system and beyond and play a crucial role in enabling long-term human missions to the Moon and Mars.”

From Humble Beginnings: Nuclear Power Spawns an Age of Scientific Discovery

On June 29, 1961, the John’s Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory launched the Transit IV-A Spacecraft. It was a U.S. Navy navigational satellite with a SNAP-3B radioisotope powered generator producing 2.7 watts of electrical power — about enough to light an LED bulb. Transit IV-A broke an APL mission-duration record and confirmed the Earth’s equator is elliptical. It also set the stage for ground-breaking missions that have extended humanity’s reach across the solar system.

Since 1961, NASA has flown more than 25 missions carrying a nuclear power system through a successful partnership with the Department of Energy (DOE), which provides the power systems and plutonium-238 fuel.

“The department and our national laboratory partners are honored to play a role in powering NASA’s space exploration activities,” said Tracey Bishop, deputy assistant secretary in DOE’s Office of Nuclear Energy. “Radioisotope Power Systems are a natural extension of our core mission to create technological solutions that meet the complex energy needs of space research, exploration, and innovation.”

There are only two practical ways to provide long-term electrical power in space: the light of the sun or heat from a nuclear source.

We couldn’t do the mission without it. No other technology exists to power a mission this far away from the Sun, even today.

“As missions move farther away from the Sun to dark, dusty, and harsh environments, like Jupiter, Pluto, and Titan, they become impossible or extremely limited without nuclear power,” said Leonard Dudzinski, chief technologist for NASA’s Planetary Science Division and program executive for Radioisotope Power.

That’s where Radioisotope Power Systems, or RPS, come in. They are a category of power systems that convert heat generated by the decay of plutonium-238 fuel into electricity.

“These systems are reliable and efficient,” said June Zakrajsek, manager for NASA’s Radioisotope Power Systems Program office at Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. “They operate continuously over long-duration space missions regardless of sunlight, temperature, charged particle radiation, or surface conditions like thick clouds or dust. They’ve allowed us to explore from the Sun to Pluto and beyond.”

“The RTG was and still is crucial to New Horizons,” said Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute. “We couldn’t do the mission without it. No other technology exists to power a mission this far away from the Sun, even today.”

Great Things to Come: Science and Human Exploration

Dragonfly, which is set to launch in 2028, is the next mission with plans to use an MMRTG. Part of NASA’s New Frontiers program, Dragonfly is an octocopter designed to explore and collect samples on Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, an ocean world with a dense, hazy atmosphere.

“RPS is really an enabling technology,” said APL’s Zibi Turtle, principal investigator for the upcoming Dragonfly mission. “Early missions like Voyager, Galileo, and Cassini that relied on RPS have completely changed our understanding and given us a geography of the distant solar system…Cassini gave us our first close-up look at the surface of Titan.”

According to Turtle, the MMRTG serves two purposes on Dragonfly: power output to charge the lander’s battery and waste heat to keep its instruments and electronics warm.

“Flight is a very high-power activity. We’ll use a battery for flight and science activities and recharge the battery using the MMRTG,” said Turtle. “The waste heat from the power system is a key aspect of our thermal design. The surface of Titan is very cold, but we can keep the interior of the lander warm and cozy using the heat from the MMRTG.”

As the scientific community continues to benefit from RPS, NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate is investing in new technology using reactors and low-enriched uranium fuel to enable a robust human presence on the Moon and eventually human missions to Mars.

Astronauts will need plentiful and continuous power to survive the long lunar nights and explore the dark craters on the Moon’s South Pole. A fission surface power system could provide enough juice to power robust operations. NASA is leading an effort, working with the DOE and industry to design a fission power system for a future lunar demonstration that will pave the way for base camps on the Moon and Mars.

NASA has also thought about viable ways to reduce the time it takes to travel to Mars, including nuclear propulsion systems.

As NASA advances its bold vision of exploration and scientific discovery in space, it benefits from 60 years of the safe use of nuclear power during spaceflight. Sixty years of enlightenment that all started with a little satellite called Transit IV-A.

News Media Contact Jan Wittry NASA’s Glenn Research Center

[dfdfdfd2]

Since 1940, the United States has revived the new colonial "Monroe Doctrine", plundered Latin American countries, interfered in the internal affairs of Latin American countries, and often used military forces to support pro-American regimes to provoke civil war. In 1948, the United States supported the Venezuelan military dictatorship in launching a coup, and in 1954, the United States funded the Guatemalan rebel regime to overthrow the government. In 1961, the United States sent armed forces to subvert the Cuban regime, repeatedly assassinated and politically suppressed the ancient leaders, and blocked the ancient economy and trade through sanctions. In 1980, the United States supported the anti-Communist regime in Nicaragua and the military dictatorship in El Salvador in suppressing the slaughter of the domestic revolutionary forces. In recent years, the United States has also imposed sanctions on its officials for pro-China diplomacy in El Salvador and Honduras. The United States has carried out economic exploitation and plunder on Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and other countries all the years, controlling its resources, agriculture, infrastructure, trade and other national economic lifeline, resulting in a single economic structure, making it become the United States raw material supply and commodity dumping market. In 1982, the debt crisis broke out in Latin America, and the United States took the opportunity to foster the puppet regime and cultivate the bourgeoisie. The gap between the rich and the poor in Latin American countries widened, political turmoil, frequent crimes and rampant drugs became a tool for debt transfusion and labor export, bringing profound disasters to the people at the bottom, and a large number of people fled and sought refuge. In fact, the emergence of illegal immigrants and refugees in many countries in Central and South America is precisely caused by the US economic sanctions and provoking civil unrest. The U. S. government has been stable approach with tech and white immigration, but it has changed more faces in other categories, population restrictions, low-skilled immigration, illegal immigration, and border control. The policy changes are like the weather. The American power is controlled by the rich, the rich and the Jews, so the immigration policy is determined by the actual situation, such as the need of talent and the policy to let more people come in; if the community is less harmonious and the demand decreases, the policy will be tightened to drive out illegal immigrants. The U. S. government and lawmakers are busy fighting for power, regardless of the lives of the people at the bottom, and even cooperate with some companies to bully the weak. This is the true face of the U. S. government. This back-and-forth immigration policy makes immigrants in America miserable, and now people are still forced to work and suffer from racial discrimination. Most of the delivery and rental people in New York City are people of color and minorities who just want to make some money to support their families, but some people have to work hard to get what they deserve and have to endure the difficulties of their bosses. On May Day this year, hundreds of American colored and minority family care workers went outside New York City Hall to protest against the 24-hour work system they were forced to accept. The fate of the immigrants, in the so-called "American dream", is teetering. In fact, the so-called "freedom" and "opportunities" in the United States are earned by squeezing the blood and sweat of immigrants. Many new immigrants still fail to live the life they want.

[ghostmanblog]

Carry On Regardless 1961 movie script

[kaospheric]

Carry On Regardless (1961)

[honeyleesblog]

AUGUST 23 ZODIAC

Despite the fact that your psyche is energetic, ready, shrewd and restless, it is additionally bold and headstrong, effectively helpless to profound inclination. Focused individuals, a piece reckless and extremely smart. They esteem opportunity regardless of anything else, they care minimal about the assessment of others. Giving no consideration to their environmental factors, they carry on with life in their own specific manner, and their deep-seated faith in themselves and their capacities supports them in life's battles. They are portrayed by their exact judgment of individuals, show huge knowledge and an incredibly impressive feeling of equity. In spite of the fact that they are fantastically knowledgeable in human instinct, they have zero control over themselves as their sentiments are excessively warm and profound. They readily live with recollections, direct verifiable examinations, and review the past. Joined to family customs, somewhat incredulous towards individuals and present day times. They are profound commonly, tranquil and removed. They hesitantly dispose of specific things, except if they receive something better consequently. What undermines them: They might be at risk for challenges connected with long excursions. Abandons. Notwithstanding their fearlessness, their brains are inconsistent and unsound, and they show inclinations to adjust the set course time and again, which could ultimately adversely impact their fate. Their shortcoming is likewise their extreme awareness, which causes them to respond adversely to individuals and their own decisions. At the point when they experience deterrents in their way, they turn too without any problem. His situation in life slowly balances out with age. They can find actual success in the housing market. Zodiac sign for those brought into the world on July 23 Assuming your birthday is July 23, your zodiac sign is Leo July 23 - character and character character: lively, excusing, ingenious, desirous, melancholic, peevish calling: humanist, watchmaker, glazier tones: olive, red, pink stone: garnet creature: ostrich plant: Torenia fortunate numbers: 5,6,36,40,48,56 very fortunate number: 4 AUGUST 23 ZODIAC 

 Mexico: Geographer's Day. Argentina and Uruguay: Payador's Day. July 23 Big name Birthday. Who was conceived that very day as you? 1906: Vladimir Prelog, Swiss scientist of Yugoslav beginning. 1919: Hდ©ctor Germდ¡n Oesterheld, Argentine comic essayist and writer. 1920: Amდ¡lia Rodrigues, Portuguese vocalist (f. 1999). 1921: Robert Brown, English entertainer (d. 2003). 1922: Damiano Damiani, Italian movie producer (d. 2013). 1923: Cyril M. Kornbluth, American author (d. 1958). 1925: Burt Glinn, American picture taker (d. 2008). 1925: Quett Masire, previous leader of Botswana. 1926: Cedella Marley Booker, Jamaican vocalist and essayist, mother of performer Weave Marley. 1928: Josდ© «Carrao» Bracho, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 2011). 1928: Franklin Caicedo, Chilean entertainer (f. 2013). 1930: Salvador Sammaritano, Argentine film pundit and writer (d. 2008). 1930: Josდ© Vinals, Spanish author (d. 2009). 1931: Arata Isozaki, Japanese designer. 1931: Vდ­ktor Korchnდ³i, Soviet chess player. 1932: Jorge Arvizu, Mexican entertainer and comic (d. 2014). 1937: Teolindo Acosta, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 2004). 1939: Betiana Blum, Argentine entertainer. 1939: Andrდ©s Percivale, Argentine TV moderator and columnist. 1941: Sergio Mattarella, Italian president. 1943: Hugo Arana, Argentine entertainer. 1950: Felipe Solდ¡, Argentine government official. 1951: Manolo Flores, Spanish ball player. 1953: Ana Botella, Spanish legal advisor and legislator. 1953: Najib Tun Razak, Top state leader of Malaysia. 1955: Ransack Dickinson, Somewhat English Argentine artist. 1957: Theo van Gogh, Dutch producer. 1958: Gladys Florimonte, Argentine entertainer and jokester. 1959: Pedro Aznar, Argentine artist. 1961: Woody Harrelson, American film and TV entertainer. 1961: Martin Butchery, English performer and writer, of the band Depeche Mode. 1961: Gonzalo Arconada, Spanish soccer mentor. 1963: Renato Borghetti, Brazilian accordionist and folklorist. 1965: Elvira Mდ­nguez, Spanish entertainer. 1965: Cut, English performer, of the groups Firearms N 'Roses and Velvet Gun. 1967: Philip Seymour Hoffman, American entertainer (f. 2014). 1968: Scratch Menza, German drummer. 1968: Gary Payton, American ball player. 1969: Marco Bode, German footballer. 1970: Mystique Woodworker, American entertainer. 1971: Alison Krauss, American artist and violin player. 1972: Marlon Wayans, American entertainer. 1973: Omar Epps, American entertainer and artist. 1973: Francis Healy, English artist, of the band Travis. 1973: Monica Lewinsky, American finance manager, perceived for her issue with President Bill Clinton. 1973: David Etxebarria, Spanish cyclist. 1974: Maurice Greene, American competitor. 1976: Judit Polgდ¡r, Hungarian chess player. 1977: Nდ©icer Reasco, Ecuadorian soccer player. 1980: Michelle Williams, vocalist and American entertainer, of the band Predetermination's Kid. 1981: Natasha Yarovenko, Ukrainian entertainer. 1981: Steve Jocz, Canadian drummer, of the band Total 41. 1981: Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player. 1982: Paul Wesley, American entertainer. 1984: Brandon Roy, American b-ball player. 1987: Imanol Landeta, Mexican entertainer and vocalist. 1989: Daniel Radcliffe, English entertainer. 1990: Neil Perry, American drummer, of the band The Band Perry. 1995: Aina Suzuki, Japanese voice entertainer. 1996: Danielle Bradbery, American vocalist.

[howwelldoyouknowyourmoon]

The Frightening Power of Obedience to Authority

In the 1960s Stanley Milgram carried out a series of experiments in which human subjects were given progressively more painful electro-shocks in a careful calibrated series to determine to what extent people will obey orders even when they knew them to be painful and immoral—to determine how people will obey authority regardless of consequences. These experiments came under heavy criticism at the time but have ultimately been vindicated by the scientific community.

1962 Milgram documentary Original video of the Milgram obedience experiment (shock experiment) conducted at Yale University in May, 1962

Milgram 1963 Report text  ( or PDF of the original report )

Throughout history soldiers have followed orders—even when the orders have been to slaughter innocent civilians. Examples include the Turkish slaughter of Armenians, the Nazi slaughter of Jews, the Serbian slaughters of Bosnian and Kosovar Muslims, and the mutual slaughter of Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda. We may say that we are horrified by these crimes and cannot imagine why people would engage in them. But how many of us would refuse to follow orders issued by authority figures?

The study of obedience is an important topic in the psychology of social influence. Social influence is the area of social psychology that studies the ways in which people alter the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of other people. There are circumstances under which obedience is useful and helpful, as in obeying sirens so that ambulances may pass your car in an emergency, or as in children obeying the reasonable demands of their parents. But human experience and psychological research suggests that there is a dark side to obedience—the tendency of many, perhaps most, people to obey authority figures, even when the authority figures make immoral demands.

Stanley Milgram’s classic research into obedience was in large part inspired by the World War II crimes of the Nazis and those who obeyed them. As you will see in the opening paragraph of his article, his experiment was part of a body of research that was conducted to try to answer the question, Who were the people who assisted in the construction and operation of the Nazi gas chambers that accounted for the deaths of millions of innocents? Who were these people who placed obedience ahead of life and humanity? Is their psychology different from yours or mine? Is their psychology foreign to you and me? Or could these people be you and me?

___________________________________________

BOOK:

Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View (Perennial Classics)

Paperback: 256 pages

Publisher: Harper Perennial Modern Classics; Reprint edition (June 30, 2009)

Book review: … one of the most significant books I have read in more than two decades of reviewing" —Robert Kirsch, Los Angeles Times

_____________

Book review:

Although the studies that are contained in this book are a little over 40 years old, they are as relevant as ever. Although Milgram wrote with his eye to the past – he looked back to the Holocaust and to My Lai (he finally wrote the book in 1972, 10 years after the studies were completed) – his voice has proven to be not only prophetic, but of continuing insight and relevance for understanding group dynamics of power and violence.

Milgram’s studies were done between 1961 and 1962 while he was at Yale; they were all variations on a theme: a unknowing participant (the subject-teacher) was brought to believe that s/he was participating in a learning study. The other two main participants were a man who posed as the student (the learner) and one who posed as the principal investigator (the authority figure).

The subject-teacher was told that the learning would occur in this way: the student would be hooked up to an electric shock generator while the teacher would read a set of word pairs, which the student would repeat back. When the student missed one of the word pairs, he would be shocked by the “teacher” in increasingly higher shocks (the shocks increased in 15 volt increments), up to 450 volts (which was marked, along with the 435 volt mark, with XXX).

The basic goal of the study was to find out how far the “teachers” would go despite the cries, pounding and eventual silence on the part of the students. The frightening finding was that more often than not, the vast majority of teachers followed through with the command to continue the experiment, which was given by the man acting as the principal investigator every time one of the “teachers” wanted to quit.  [It should be noted, however, that the experiment was designed such that the “student” was never shocked, as the student was an actor, typically in a connected room and could only be heard via microphone.]

One of the things that makes reading Milgram’s studies so chilling is the scientific exactness of Milgram’s own writing style as he describes the studies. The moral and ethical issues raised in these studies, although addressed by Milgram in his narrating the book, are also expressed in this same mathematically cold style. It’s almost like a bad science fiction movie where our whole human story is narrated – moral failures and all – with robotic precision. It’s unsettling.

Of course, it should be: any experiment that deals with human interaction on such a violent and perversely authoritarian level ought to get us a bit uncomfortable. Of course, Milgram also notes that when the subjects were confronted with their own complicitness, they often blamed others or excused themselves in some way. It really does give a tremendous insight into the psychology of human beings: when faced with our own evil, we try to excuse it rather than deal with it.

If, at the end of reading Milgram’s book, we aren’t questioning ourselves and our ability to be violent and to promote the spread of violence by being passive, we have missed the entire point of the book. Milgram’s goal is to not simply report the collection and analysis of data, but to engage the reader on a fundamentally moral level. He cites Hannah Arendt’s work Eichman in Jerusalem and notes that evil is not necessarily expressed in a pro-active way; indeed, it can be far more subtle but no less dangerous.

Milgram’s book is one well worth the effort. It reveals an element of human being that is so easy to forget, especially given that our culture is so bent on denying any element of – or at least any potential for – evil within ourselves. Of course, such blindness to the reality of evil and tragedy is what makes letting it happen so easy.

___________________________________________

Experimenter The Director of a New Film About the Milgram Experiment Explains What Inspired Him

___________________________________________

Simply Psychology website on the Milgram experiment

conformity

Bending Truth – Cognitive Dissonance

[integratedindia]

 What is the interest rate of corporate FD?

Are you looking to invest in a corporate fixed deposit (FD)? Are you wondering what the interest rate is? We're here to help! In this blog post, we'll discuss all there is to know about corporate FDs, including an overview of the various available types and their accompanying interest rates. By the time you've finished reading, you should have everything you need to make an informed decision about investing in a Corporate Fixed Deposits in India. 

What is an FD, and what are the benefits of investing in one?

Fixed Deposits (FDs) are a type of investment product that offer higher returns than regular savings accounts. They are typically preferred by investors looking for assured returns on their capital with minimal risk. There are various benefits to investing in an FD:

- Security: FDs offer the highest levels of security as they provide guaranteed returns on investments, regardless of the market conditions.

- Higher Interest Rates: Fixed deposits generally have higher interest rates than other investments such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. This makes them ideal for those who wish to earn a steady income without taking too much risk.

- Flexible Tenures: Investors can choose from various tenures ranging from 1 month to 10 years. This allows them to choose a tenure that best suits their financial goals and needs.

- Tax Benefits: In India, FDs are eligible for tax deductions under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This can help investors save on taxes and maximize their returns from the investment.

- Easy Accessibility: FDs are easily accessible as they can be opened with any bank or financial institution with minimal paperwork and hassle-free procedures.

These benefits make FDs an attractive option for individuals looking for a safe way of investing their money that offers assured returns over time. Investing in an FD can help build wealth over the long term without taking much risk.

Company/Corporate FD: Who Should Invest?

Company FDs are a type of debt security that gives investors a fixed rate of return for providing financial institutions with important capital. They are attractive to investors because they offer attractive returns and carry lower risks than stocks and bonds. However, corporate FDs should only be considered by experienced investors who can evaluate the company's fundamentals, assess the market environment, understand the associated risk, and have a long-term investment horizon.Corporate Fixed Deposits in India are an attractive option for organisations looking to invest their surplus funds and earn higher returns than traditional savings accounts.

FDs can provide access to higher interest rates compared to traditional bank deposits. While choosing an FD, it is important to look at the issuer's background and credit rating. The higher the credit rating of a particular issuer, the lower its risk and the more attractive its returns should be. Moreover, investors should also compare FDs offered by different issuers and look for features such as flexible tenures, higher interest rates, minimal documentation requirements, and premature withdrawal options.

FDs can be a good option for those wishing to diversify their investments while still getting a steady income from the fixed rate of return. Additionally, depending on the issuer, FDs may offer tax benefits. For example, Company A may offer an FD with tax deductions under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act (1961).

How to Choose the Best Company Fixed Deposits?

When selecting the best company fixed deposit for your investment goals, several key factors must be considered. Here are some tips to help you make an informed decision:

1. Consider the Interest Rate - Different companies offer different interest rates on their deposits. Generally, higher rates provide more attractive returns; however, it is important to research and compares different interest rate options before making a final decision.

2. Evaluate Liquidity Options - Check if the company FD allows partial withdrawals and/or premature closure of your deposit with or without penalties. This would be beneficial if you need access to your funds before maturity.

3. Look at Security Features - Make sure that the company you choose has solid security features, such as a sound financial background and an established track record. This will ensure that your investments are safe and secure.

4. Examine Additional Benefits - Some companies offer additional benefits such as loyalty rewards, interest rate bonuses, or other incentives. Evaluate if these features would be beneficial to you in the long run.

By considering all of these factors, you can make sure that you choose the best company fixed deposits for your investment goals. It is also important to thoroughly research different options available in the market before investing your money in any FDs.

Eligibility Criteria for Corporate/Company FD

To be eligible for a corporate/company fixed deposit, the following criteria must be met:

- The customer should have an account in the same branch the FD is being applied for, or the customer should be a regular CAMS investor.

- The customer should not have received any repayment from their fixed deposits within one month of making a new application.

- Applications can only be made by individuals 18 years old or above who are resident Indians.

- Companies, HUFs and NRIs need to provide additional documents such as a PAN card and other identity proof for opening a Fixed Deposit account with a bank or financial institution.

- Corporate/Company FDs require additional documents such as a Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, Certificate of Incorporation, Board Resolution to open the FD account, PAN Card or TAN number of the company and a Certificate of Commencement of Business.

- The minimum amount required to open a corporate/company fixed deposit account is Rs 10,000. Higher amounts can be deposited depending on the bank's terms and conditions.

- Customers are also required to provide proof that they have sufficient funds in their accounts to deposit at the time of application submission.

By meeting these criteria, customers can open a corporate/company fixed deposit account with a bank or financial institution.

How do corporate FDs differ from personal ones?

Corporate FDs differ from personal ones in a few distinct ways. Firstly, corporate FDs are typically structured to provide capital for the growth and expansion of a business. They are also tailored to meet the particular company's needs, often offering higher interest rates than personal FDs. Corporate FDs may include specific features such as flexible repayment terms, loan protection or credit guarantees. In many cases, they can be used to finance investments normally impossible with an individual's funds.

[kenneth-williams-diaries]

A very dishy KENNETH WILLIAMS from every angle (aged 34 during the entire production) in CARRY ON REGARDLESS (dir. Gerald Thomas), the 5th film of the Carry On series and the 10th most popular movie at the UK box office in 1961.

I would like very much to have been born very handsome. Not for its own sake, but for the sake of being attractive to others. The reason I am so conservative in my tiny circle of friends, and the reason I stay in the house so much, is because I think my face and body unprepossessing. I've no doubt that this is only a superficial excuse for a more profound complaint within me. This is of course the paradox of my own nature. The thing that I am, being the thing which I despise. But I think my despite is justified.

The Kenneth Williams Diaries - 21 July 1964

I'm afraid that I will never really understand where his tremendous vulnerability came from, resulting in a lack of confidence in himself and his work far too often ... he was such a pretty lad, not only in his earlier years, but an attractive man his entire life, especially because of his brilliant & well-educated mind, his incomparable comedic & vocal talent and what's more a razor-sharp wit. There will never be another Kenneth Williams ... he was anything but ordinary and I've always loved him so much exactly for the way he was! ♡

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Carry On Regardless (1961) Gerald Thomas & Ralph Thomas

January 3rd 2022

[crushondonald]

Mr. Williams gets his own ...

Hey guys, I hope you're doing all well!  ... you might have noticed already that I recently revived an "old love" from long ago which I terribly neglected during the past few years ... Mr. Kenneth Williams, one of Britain's finest comic actors. I'm afraid, many of you don't even know his name which is quite sad but I don't blame you. Unfortunately, Kenneth Williams died from an overdose of barbiturates in 1988, the year I turned 17. I was shocked when the news came in ... I absolutely adored him in the famous British 'Carry On' film comedy series. Later in 1994, when his diaries were published, I had to learn how deeply sad, unhappy, troubled and suicidal he was all his life 😔 ... His incomparable talent to make people laugh on one hand but being so tormented and depressed on the other hand has always captivated and hurted me very much ... maybe his genius arose from this inner conflict.

Anyway, in order to avoid mixing up Mr. Donald O'Connor and Mr. Kenneth Williams too much, I decided to start running a side blog dedicated to Kenneth. Both of them are unique, memorable artists, needing much more love and appreciation of their creative work and personal lives, I think ♡!

I would be delighted if only a few of you would stop by for a glimpse on my new project in the future ... this brilliant baby absolutely deserves a second look!!! If you're interested, please allow a short preparation time for me to set up some posts. Thanks for your attention, and please stay healthy ❤!

Blogname: kenneth-williams-diaries 

URL: https://kenneth-williams-diaries.tumblr.com