#Carolus Linnaeus

[1880peterson]

Carolus Linnaeus

Szines Lazlo

[wellconstructedsentences]

Who knows not the names, knows not the subject.

Critica Botanica by Carolus Linnaeus

[reddirttown]

Language of Flowers: Rudbeckia

In the language of flowers, the flower for today, October 11, is Rudbeckia, which symbolizes justice. Image above from Wikipedia. The genus name for all Black-Eyed Susans is Rudbeckia. It’s for the Rudbecks, a very famous Swedish father and son both named Olof. Image above from Wikipedia. Olof the Younger (1660-1740) continued many of his father’s studies, and also became famous in his time…

[rbolick]

Books On Books Collection - Erwin Huebner

Erwin Huebner is a professor at the University of Manitoba engaged in research and teaching cell and developmental biology. He is also a book artist and miniaturist. Following his work, the Books On Books Collection has started small and hopes to grow into his larger works. At both ends of the spectrum, Huebner’s themes resonate with the integration of art and science, a recurrent focus of the…

[explorerbiogen]

Evolución Biológica. Un mundo inmutable (fijismo y catastrofismo)

Construir y explicar un fenómeno no siempre resulta tan fácil, tomando en consideración todo lo que implica, para el caso de la evolución explicar cómo se dio el origen de las especies, la relación estrecha que existe entre ellas y su gran diversidad a través de los años, requiere de un estudio exhaustivo, meticuloso y de mucha paciencia para ser construida. No de menos continuamos manteniendo…

[z0rrp]

Haha worm

@theratcloset to yo liek mi artvorck

Zerzebzbeb piramide pipipi zerb zeerzeer

[historicalbookimages]

🦨 New illustration of the sexual system of Carolus von Linnaeus. London: 1807.

[mukuberry]

oh worm... 🪱

Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and usually no eyes.

Worms vary in size from microscopic to over 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length for marine polychaete worms (bristle worms) 6.7 metres (22 ft) for the African giant earthworm, Microchaetus rappi and 58 metres (190 ft) for the marine nemertean worm (bootlace worm), Lineus longissimus. Various types of worm occupy a small variety of parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other animals. Free-living worm species do not live on land but instead live in marine or freshwater environments or underground by burrowing.

In biology, "worm" refers to an obsolete taxon, Vermes, used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, now seen to be paraphyletic. The name stems from the Old English word wyrm. Most animals called "worms" are invertebrates, but the term is also used for the amphibian caecilians and the slowworm Anguis, a legless burrowing lizard. Invertebrate animals commonly called "worms" include annelids, nematodes, flatworms, nemerteans, chaetognaths, priapulids, and insect larvae such as grubs and maggots.

The term "helminth" is sometimes used to refer to parasitic worms. The term is more commonly used in medicine, and usually refers to roundworms and tapeworms.

[flowerishness]

Linnaea borealis (twinflower) and Bombas (bumblebee)

Spot the Bee

The twinflower, Linnaea borealis, was named after Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), the so-called “Father of modern botany”. He was so fond of this flower that he had his portrait painted with it. This wildflower has a circumboreal distribution and is found throughout Europe, Asia and North America. This is our local version, Linnaea borealis subsp. americana.

[toothedgoose]

Neotibicen cf. linnei (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Linnes cicada

4 of August 2023 — Maryland, USA

This species was named after Carolus Linnaeus, the father of modern taxonomy, because it closely resembled a species that had been described by him. However, when it was proven to be a distinct species, it then kept the name for the irony of it. Haha!

[apenitentialprayer]

TIL that Carolus Linnaeus was referred to as "the Second Adam," because he created a universal naming schema for animals (mirroring Adam's actions in Genesis 2:19-20).

[fatehbaz]

Natural history as the basis for trade and commercial agriculture mediated the link between overseas expansion and the development of European scientific thought. By virtue of its strategic location in the moist tropics, Peninsular Malaysia made a significant contribution to natural history and, thus, to colonial science. [...] Botanical and zoological collections from insular Southeast Asia were of seminal importance, for example, to the pioneer studies of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. [...]

The search for economic produce was actively promoted by both the English and Dutch East India Companies [...]. Modern European plant science had its roots in [...] the creation of physick and, later, botanic gardens, established [...] in Pisa, Padua, Florence, [...] Leiden, Oxford, Cambridge, [...] and Edinburgh. Among other functions, these gardens served, as institutions for training physicians for service in the colonies. The lead role they played in discovering and inventorying plants [...] forged a crucial link between botanic gardens and the quest for products, territory and empire.

Garcia D’Orta (c. 1501/2-68), a Spanish physician who served several viceroys in Goa, established the botanic garden near Bombay [...]. His Aromatum Historia (1563) [...] has been described as ‘a landmark in the history of civilization’. [...]

Hendrik van Rheede’s ground-breaking 12-volume Hortus Malabaricus (1678-1703) [was] based on [...] Ayurvadic knowledge and the services of Ezhava collectors and tree climbers in the Malabar. [...]

---

[T]he connection [Linnaeus] established between natural history and national wealth was widely influential. It struck a cord with Adam Smith (1723-90) and other political economists [...] who placed their faith in agricultural improvement [...]. These developments put a premium on naturalists and [...] Sir Comte de Buffon [...] and Joseph Banks [...] served as agricultural and medical consultants to sovereigns. [...] [T]he concept of environmental determinism informed Adam Smith’s philosophy of the superiority of Western nations, endowed with temperate climes, over the people of the tropics. [...] The person who brokered the link between desire for material wealth and the search for its location and procurement overseas was the indomitable and widely influential [Joseph] Banks, President of the Royal Society (1778-1820) and, from 1773, de facto director of the Royal Botanical Gardens. Also a member of the Privy Council Committee for trade – the organization most directly concerned with augmenting wealth and self-sufficiency -- he used his influence with the Royal Institution and the Board of Agriculture to forge a successful link between science and empire. [...]

Carolus Clusius who held the Chair of Botany in Leiden (1592-9) reputedly obtained ‘Malaysian’ specimens from Sir Francis Drake.

Again, following the death in 1695 of the VOC [Dutch East India Company] botanist, Paulus Hermann, his notes and manuscript [...] were acquired and used by William Sherard (Sherwood), founder of the Chair of Botany in Oxford.

---

In 1778, the English East India Company (EIC) appointed J.G. Koenig, a pupil of Linnaeus, as ‘Professor of Botany and Natural History’ in Madras. [...]

His appointment, believed to have been initiated by Banks, firmly established colonial science within the purview of imperial economic policy. [...]

Koenig worked in the private gardens [...] in Melaka and conducted the earliest and largest botanical survey of the west coast of the Peninsula (1778-9). Bengkulen (Bangkulu), [...] where pepper cultivation was extensively researched, was declared a Presidency [...] with the express aim of developing its full economic potential. To help fulfill this objective, Philip and Charles Miller, sons of the well-respected gardener at the Chelsea Physick Garden, were engaged as botanists [...] Charles Miller was entrusted in ‘the greatest secrecy’ with the experimental planting of nutmeg and cloves, using seedlings that visiting Bugis traders were encouraged to smuggle from Maluku. [...] [T]he EIC envisaged expanding the range of Benkulen’s exports by the introduction of tea, ginger, turmeric and mulberries. [...] These efforts prefigured experiments in spice cultivation at the Calcutta Botanic Gardens [...].

Newbold took his knowledge of the tropical environment in the [Malayan] Straits Settlements to Madras, where he earned a reputation as a naturalist and an Orientalist [...]. His lecture to the Bengal Asiatic Society in 1846 [...] was hugely influential and put the Peninsula at the heart of the emerging discourse on tropical ecology. [...] [T]hose [tropical botanic gardens] established by the EIC in Penang (1794) and Singapore (1822) were integral to its commercial aims for extending the chain of ‘tropical Edens’. As centres for the [...] assemblage of exotic crops [...], botanic gardens were perceived as symbols of scientific progress and imperial might.

---

All text above by: Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells. "Peninsular Malaysia in the context of natural history and colonial science." New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies Volume 11 Number 1. June 2009. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]

[thebotanicalarcade]

n246_w1150 by Biodiversity Heritage Library Via Flickr: New illustration of the sexual system of Carolus von Linnaeus. London : 1807.. biodiversitylibrary.org/page/307026

[ieisia]

Carl Linnaeus

Carl von Linné by Alexander Roslin, 1775

Carl Linnaeus (/lɪˈniːəs, lɪˈneɪəs/; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné  (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː](listen)), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as Carolus a Linné.

Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect and classify animals, plants, and minerals, while publishing several volumes. He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death.

Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message: "Tell him I know no greater man on earth." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote: "With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly. Swedish author August Strindberg wrote: "Linnaeus was in reality a poet who happened to become a naturalist." Linnaeus has been called Princeps botanicorum (Prince of Botanists) and "The Pliny of the North". He is also considered one of the founders of modern ecology.

In botany and zoology, the abbreviation L. is used to indicate Linnaeus as the authority for a species' name. In older publications, the abbreviation "Linn." is found. Linnaeus's remains constitute the type specimen for the species Homo sapiens following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since the sole specimen that he is known to have examined was himself.

[psychesetra]

carolus linnaeus mentioned

[historicalbookimages]

🐑 New illustration of the sexual system of Carolus von Linnaeus. London: 1807.