#BPA for short

[littleliterarylesbian]

Dating Regulus Black is great. Amazing. Fantastic. Spectacular even! James can't even imagine for how long he's dreamed of being in his current position with the title "Regulus Black's Boyfriend."

But that doesn't mean his lover can't get a bit... odd. He would never call Regulus crazy, of course not. James loves all of him, including the little bits that others wouldn't be able to handle. But James can handle them. Because he's James.

However he would not be able to survive what he just did. Oh, he truly didn't mean to knock over the cauldron, he was just distracted! Regulus gave him a kiss and a loving pat on the cheek and told him to watch... something before walking out and James had sighed, putting his elbow on the table to sigh happily, resting his face in his hand and suddenly bam.

Spilled all over the floor, a gross sludge from half infused (melted? he's never been sure how ingredients just kind of disappeared when it came time to bottle them) materials and a sizzling sound coming from the more liquid parts as it melted into the stone floor.

Fuck.

He goes to scramble, trying to pick up the cauldron only for it to burn. He yelps, dropping it quickly and shaking off his hand. He tries to look around for something else because, well, an upset Regulus is not good. Especially if he's the one who caused it. He never wants to make Regulus upset. He thinks, if he did, he'd quite possibly collapse into a heap of nothing.

He runs to the door, poking his head out for anyone who could possibly help. No one down in the dungeons particularly likes him, or at least like him enough to save him from his boyfriend's impending wrath but maybe if he begs hard enough someone will take pity on him.

But then James catches sight of an angel. His saving grace.

"Moony!" He hisses loudly, and he watches Remus look around confused for a second before spotting him.

"Moony! Over here!"

Remus sighs, adjusting his bag, and slowly walking over. James can tell that he probably looks as panicked as he is, hair a mess from when he ran his fingers through it and eyes wide and glasses crooked.

"What did you get yourself into?"

"This is not the time for jokes Moony! This is life or death! My life or death!"

"What did you do?" There's suspicion in Remus' voice that James, in any other circumstance, would be at least slightly offended at. But no, Remus is the perfect person who could have come his way.

"I knocked over Regulus' cauldron."

He watches as Remus furrows his brows, leaning in and peaking over James' shoulder.

"What? How the fuck did you manage that?"

"I don't know! I wasn't paying attention!" Remus makes an 'ahh' sound, pressing his lips together, but James ignores it. Whatever revelation Moony had is not as important as James' future chance at life.

"You're dating Sirius, you know Regulus, you know how this can end, now help me." He hisses as he grabs Remus by the collar and drags him inside.

[visualtaehyun]

I'm not making the same dumb mistake twice in a row so- 'Chop' Anon, please find the long answer to your ask right here! And curse this hellsite for eating asks...

Disclaimer: not a native Thai speaker, still learning ����

Anon, my answer is gonna be twofold. The word ชอบ /chaawp/ = 'like' comes up a lot this episode and you can see that it can be used exactly the same as in English, platonically or romantically, it really just depends on context. And as you said, Jane does have the context of catching Ryan staring at him, getting flustered, trying to act nonchalant, talking to himself, zoning out, and generally acting real fucking weird lmao all throughout the episode. It's no wonder that he assumes Ryan's hangry or mad again, even checking for stomach rumbles 😂

The word 'like'

Thai has this fun feature where you don't always need to use pronouns or any other qualifying words to denote who or what you're referring to which can be both a boon cause it simplifies talking by assuming others will know the meaning from a previous or given context (or you intentionally omit that meaning!) and a curse cause it makes translating nuance a bit of a struggle sometimes 🥴

For example, this routinely happens in short question-answer exchanges but I'll let you be the judge:

- Pie: แกชอบป่ะ /gae chaawp bpa/ = You like [it]? - Ryan, only staring at Jane: ชอบ /chaawp/ = [I] like [🤡?]. - Jane, turning around: [🤡?] - Me @ translating stuff like this: 🤡

เขาดูเหมื่อนชอบพี่เจนนะครับ /khao duu meuuan chaawp phi Jane na khrap/ = I'm jealous because Khun Joy keeps hitting on you. lol just kidding subs are right on

- Jane: แบบนี้ ชอบไหมครับ /baaep nee, chaawp mai khrap/ = lit.: Like this/this way, [do you] like [it]? -> this sounds like an odd thing to say to a client in both English and Thai lmao clearly you'd usually ask if it's 'okay' or 'good' or something like that but the script needed to set up Khun Joy's flirty answer - Joy: ชอบตั้งแต่แรกแล้ว /chaawp dtang dtaae raaek laaeo/ = [I've] liked [🤡?] since the beginning.

I'll get back to Ryan's last 'like' at the end~

Jane and pronouns

The second part of my answer is how interesting and, frankly, puzzling I find Jane in how he talks to Ryan. Up until part [2/4] Jane actually completely omits any pronouns with him, as he's done frequently in the past. But when he does use them with Ryan- boy oh boy, he's kinda all over the place this episode! If Ryan wasn't so busy stewing in his confused feelings and jealousy, he might've noticed that Jane keeps flip-flopping between very different choices. Kudos to P'Baimon for catching Jane acting like a lovesick fool too that one time he's smiling at the printer 👀

Here's every single instance of Jane using 1st and 2nd pers. pronouns with Ryan, every other time you read any 1st or 2nd pers. pronouns in the subs in conversation with Ryan, he actually omits them, which is most of the time!

1) When they're unseriously fighting in front of the printer:

เรานี่แหละ ประหลาด /rao nee lae, bpra laat/ เราเป็นเด็กฝึกงานของพี่ /rao bpen dek feuk ngaan khaawng phi/ -> 🫣 that last one got me a bit shy with the ของพี่ /khaawng phi/ (= mine, my [...], lit. phi's [...]) and I think the editor agrees with me there, considering the music cut out lol

2) When Jane discovers the broken bottle debacle and turns to Ryan:

คุณไปรอผมที่ห้อง /khun bpai raaw pom thee haawng/ -> back to formal pronouns again, either because they're not alone or because he's about to scold Ryan or both even

3) When Jane scolds Ryan:

ถ้ามีคนเป็นอะไรขึ้นมา คุณรับผิดชอบไหวหรอ /thaa mee khohn bpen a rai kheun maa, khun rap phit chaawp wai raw/ -> still formal

แล้วมีพี่ให้โทรหาคนเดียวหรอ /laaeo mee phi hai thoh haa khohn diiao raw/ พี่รู้เรื่องนี้คนเดียวหรอ /phi ruu reuuang nee khohn diiao raw/ -> arguably softening his scolding a bit by switching to the more familiar พี่ /phi/ they established at the end of last ep., maybe because of Ryan's voice too which at this point sounds close to tears

And then Ryan is crying 🥺 Oof. Honestly? Jane was actually harsh this time! But rightfully so too, and it's very much in line with his principles and character. And he does immediately apologize for raising his voice and being so harsh, exactly like he told Ryan he would, in ep. 3, if he did wrong by him:

ที่หงุดหงิดเนี่ย เพราะว่าพี่เป็นห่วง /thee ngoot ngit niia, phraw waa phi bpen huuang/ = That [I got so] angry is because I was/am worried. แล้วก็ขอโทษด้วยที่พูดแรง ๆ เมื่อกี้ /laaeo gaaw khaaw thoht duuay thee phuut raaeng raaeng meuua gee/ -> no pronouns here again

This is probably just me being me lol but it's giving Lian harshly scolding Kuea in Cutie Pie when he puts himself in danger mishandling a knife and then immediately softening when Kuea starts crying.

ถ้ามันมีคนได้รับบาดเจ็บ ตัวแกเองนั่นแหละจะเป็นต้นเหตุ /thaa man mee khohn dai rap baat jep, dtuua gae eng nan lae ja bpen dtohn heht/

By this point, I was literally like 'Huh. What even is going on, he's so all over the place in terms of pronoun use, where did this แก come from all of a sudden?' My reading of this is that he's actually just as unsure and confused about Ryan and his feelings for him as Ryan has been all episode.

แก /gae/ is an informal familiar 2nd pers. pronoun that's a little impolite but not nearly as rude as มึง /meung/ and can similarly express closeness with someone you know well, it's used between age mates or for someone younger. In Thai BL, you hear แก /gae/ a lot more from or between girl friends than the rude pronoun of choice between guy friends, มึง /meung/. If you scroll back up, you'll see that Pie called Ryan แก /gae/ as well! The kids are a different story though, they all use a variety of different pronouns amongst each other, depending on context, mood, situation, individual relationship, ... I ain't getting into that lol it would take forever to explain, please no one get any ideas asking me about all of that 🥴

So here we are again with the word 'like'

ผมชอบงานนี้ ชอบที่นี้ /pom chaawp ngaan nee. chaawp thee nee/ แล้วก็ชอบพี่ดว้ย /laaeo gaaw chaawp phi duuay/

Arthur meme meets 😦 emoji

Sometimes Jane looks at Ryan like he's trying to solve a puzzle. It seems like he just realized that they're having two different conversations. But judging from his subtle reactions-- He's not dumb enough to assume that Ryan means it any other way than romantically, considering Ryan's odd behavior all throughout the episode too. Looking at the preview, I think he's gonna refuse to acknowledge Ryan's clearly romantic feelings though, not least of all because HR is already looming in the background, ready to go 🚨!!!

หรือเป็นเพราะผมบอกชอบพี่ไปแล้ว [...] /reuu bpen phraw pom baawk chaawp phi bpai laaeo/ = lit.: Or it's because I've told you I like you [...] -> บอกชอบ /baawk chaawp/ = lit. tell like; tell someone you like them (romantically), confess to liking someone

So! ชอบ /chaawp/ isn't exclusively romantic, same as the English 'like', but there's just no way around how Ryan meant this. And Jane knows it 🌚🌝 Hope my rambles satisfied your curiosity, anon!

[wingdingery]

Trick or treat!!!

Hello very secret anon ;)

For you, another trip to the WIP icebox! This is from a verse I mentally call “WFA vibes but they’re all poly and having complicated relations” (or BPA – Bat Polycule Adventures for short, and yes I do have a diagram lol).

__________

“Listen, Dick—you and Cass,” Steph says, gesturing between the two of them with a flick of her finger. She’s sitting on the other couch, legs thrown over Cass’s lap.

“Between the two of you, you could break in anywhere, physically or digitally,” she says, ticking the points off on her fingers as she speaks, “you could kick anyone’s ass, you’re super cute together, and you’re probably the least likely to get distracted making out in a corner. Tell me I’m wrong.”

“Hey!” Duke stops massaging Tim’s shoulders. “I wouldn’t get distracted making out with anyone in a corner!”

“I’m pretty sure none of us would except those two,” Tim says, nodding to Steph and Cass.

“I resemble that remark,” Steph says. “And, besides,” she says, turning to Duke, “you, young padawan, have yet to graduate from the Alfred Pennyworth School of Bat-acting. No undercover missions until you have your certificate. That’s the rule.”

“Wait,” Duke says, “am I actually gonna get a certificate?”

“Too hard to keep track of all the paper, so we switched to a digital badge system instead,” Babs says. “When was the last time you checked your Batquest app? It’s under Skills.”

Duke pulls out his phone and starts scrolling. “There are way too many sections on that thing.”

“That’s what I said!” Dick says, sitting up as much as he can with Jason’s arm weighing him down. “You know how this started? Stickers. All I wanted was stickers. I made a cute little app with stickers. And then—” Dick waves his hands in the universal Bat sign for a whole bunch of shit happened that I don’t want to talk about, “—so I left the project to Babs and Tim, and I come back to all this.”

“RPG themes make everything better!” Tim says.

“Seconded,” Babs says.

Dick throws his hands up. “I don’t even understand how the points and leveling system works! I just guess whenever I need to change the code!”

“Actually, I don’t totally understand it either,” Tim says.

Babs winces. “Seconded.”

“Okay, you’re all getting distracted here!” Steph says. “I mean, I think one of you should definitely fix that soon, because girl wants her Batpoints—but we have tickets to buy! I am officially nominating Dick and Cass for the mission. Dick or Cass, do you object?”

“No objections,” Cass says.

“No objections.” Dick smiles at Cass. “I feel like it’s been a long time since we did a mission together.”

“Dick and Cass have been officially nominated,” Babs says. “Anyone else?”

“Me and Tim,” Jason says, raising the hand that isn’t on Dick’s shoulder. “Same reasons as Dick and Cass.”

Steph flails on the couch, nearly kicking Cass. “Excuse me, you guys would totally get distracted making out!”

Tim raises his hand. “Veto. I get sick on cruises.”

Jason stares at him. “You live on a boat.”

“I didn’t say I get seasick,” Tim says. “Cruise ships are like an incubator for any infectious disease. My parents took me on one once and I had diarrhea for like a week straight. Never again.”

Steph wrinkles her nose. “TMI, dude.”

[roomeight]

I’ve seen several tweets about the allegations against coxon being ‘debunked’. Is there any truth to this notion? I haven’t found any evidence of the allegations not being true, so I’m kinda confused right now

I wrote a lengthy answer to this and sadly my phone died and killed it so I'll try to summarize it. No, they are not debunked. Here is the unfiltered truth, after holding this in for two years I want to leave this blog in peace and move on with my life from Blur and their fans.

Journalists from the Guardian, who were specialized in these type of celeb abuse cases, were involved in this. BPA and I helped put them in contact with people, some who helped and others who were traumatized from things and didn't want to talk and others who were scared to. Some of this was mishandled by bpa being overly involved but I'm not going to go into that.

The journalists were given all of the sensitive files. They came back to us and said that unless the victim who came forward about S.A. came forward again, they couldn't write about it. The reason being that newspapers will only take on a risky story like this if there's testimony of S.A. or violent physical abuse and the coxonexpose fan did not come back when we asked/ghosted after being chased off by fans.

The Guardian journalist, again someone who specialized in this type of celeb abuse investigation who had seen all of things I hadn't seen including the sexual stuff, said to me, "don't get me wrong, from everything I've seen [GC] is definitely a creep."

Grooming and emotional abuse are not enough for papers to take on the risk of publishing something unless it's rape or violent and that's the sad reality. Graham started tweeting again as soon as the Guardian journalists backed off because of course he did.

Bpa was in contact with someone close to Graham who was devastated by this and I can't say who bc it would put them in danger/implicate them but even me saying it probably makes it obvious.

So the next time people say, oh that tumblr blog is just obsessed with hating Graham let them know that an accredited journalist validated everything and that it's dumb easy to get away with parasocial abuse when you're a semi-famous white dude in a retro band who is chronically online liking photos of young women in short skirts because the system supports white men and not victims. And I live with this pandora's box knowledge in my head every day, knowing Blur say nothing and I get called all sorts of things because I defended literal strangers on the internet at the risk of my own safety while most fans stayed quiet or picked apart every action and let those few of us saying something be punching bags. I'm not even a victim and I would never do this again.

[time4hemp]

What Products Can Hemp Make?

Hemp can be used to make paper, fiber, fuel, food AND PLASTIC.

If you want to have a GREEN ECONOMY - use hemp!

Written by Casper Leitch

Cannabis is a major cash crop, this is common knowledge. Many people are still unaware that the sister strain of cannabis (ie. hemp) is also a big money maker for everyone who works with it. From the farmer who plants the hemp seed to the store owner who sells the many different hemp products, everyone becomes part of the growing hemp economy.

Hemp can be used to make: different grades of paper; different types of fibers for cloth; fuel to run cars, trucks, buses and planes with; oils to cook with and use in paints; and in making plastic.

Plastic made from hemp is biodegradable.

Plastics alone are a big business. Look around and count the items within arm’s reach that are made from plastic. The substance has made life infinitely more convenient; people carry groceries in it, drink water from it, wrap foods in it, and even use it to build devices to access online blog posts about plastics. Its presence is as ubiquitous as its potential uses are endless. We need to use hemp plastic.

But the problem with plastics is that they never go away, ever. There is no global solution to the disposal of single use plastics such as grocery bags and water bottles. One trillion single-use plastic bags are consumed annually around the globe. One million bags are being used every minute. Each of these bags is used only for a matter of minutes, but take up to 1,000 years to degrade.

The consequences of using plastic.

Every square mile of ocean, which takes up 70% of the planet, contains 46,000 pieces of plastic trash in various stages of decomposition, with the majority broken down into fragments which are consumed by sea life that is in turn consumed by humans, introducing toxic Bisphenol-A (BPA) into human diets, which may be the cause of fertility problems among women in countries reliant on the ocean for food.

The consequences of all that plastic are steep and expensive. Nearly 50 percent of life, and therefore the entire food chain, exists the world’s oceans. All around the globe, beaches are buried in layers of plastic garbage, sometimes 5-10 feet deep. Scientist are at a loss as to how to clean up the damage already done, but agree that continued contribution to the plastic waste problem must stop. Plastic made from hemp biodegrades in just a few short years.

The irony is that while solutions to the mounting problem of plastic garbage already exist, they are either dismissed as inconvenient (plastic bag bans or taxes, carrying reusable water bottles) or the means of their production are made illegal.

Hemp makes an excellent alternative to plastics but is illegal.

Hemp provides an excellent alternative to plastics yet remains illegal (and therefore cost prohibitive) due to its association with the drug marijuana. But there is no good reason for this. Even in the absence of international treaties or regulations requiring the end of plastic waste, taking concrete steps to implement hemp substitutions still make sense.

Currently, growing hemp in the United States is prohibited, but that may quickly change. Hemp reform has already made significant progress in the US Congress, and so a thriving domestic hemp economy may be just around the corner. And that will do more than just replace plastic bags.

Use Hemp And Save The Earth!

Hemp plastics are destined to create an economic boom, slow the rate of plastic pollution in our oceans and air (they are flame retardant) and could be used on the exact same machinery already being used to create plastic goods like bottles and bags. Hemp plastics are not only 100% biodegradable, meaning they do not contribute to permanent pollution, but they are also 2.5 times stronger than standard use plastics.

Thus, a rapid switch can be made from a weak, disposable commodity which remains in a polluting form for thousands of years to a strong, organic, biodegradable alternative. And all that's holding back a better future is bad public policy.

Below is a FREE TO DOWNLOAD marijuana music MP3 by Red Dirt.

The Pot Song.

[idontlikeem]

Draft Q: when a NHL ready prospect was drafted by one team ahead of you leaving you to settle with the BPA (best pick available), is it a huge miss on the team's part? Asking this because I remember how Pens fans were unhappy with the Yager pick because they wanted Benson but the Sabres snagged them first

no i don't think so! BPA is IMO the best strategy for at least the top 15 picks of the first round—you can make the argument that it should be the whole first round, but really outside the top five they're all lottery tickets (and even then...), so sometimes an organization that has a ton of promising prospects at a certain position will skip to the BPA at a spot they're lacking instead, and that's a valid strategy.

the problem with the draft is, in order to move up to ensure you get your guy, someone needs to be willing to trade with you. and there wasn't a single trade during the first round this past draft.

NHL-readiness is also subjective. i haven't paid attention to the sabres really, but very very good prospects sometimes get rewarded by staying up for 9 games (the maximum they can play in the show before they're counted as playing the first year of their ELC) before being reassigned back to their junior team. it's possible that's what's going to happen here; i think it will happen with the leafs too. now, those prospects might truly be ready for a spot, but what that also means is there was a spot on the roster available, and realistically, even if yager looked like he was 100% good to go, i'm not sure that would have been enough to bump out an established roster guy.

the sabres and the pens are in different places. the pens need to win now, if they're going to—they can't risk game points to give their babies a peek at the big time. the sabres, while they're improving year over year, are not in a position where they have to make a serious push for the cup (or even make the playoffs tbh) quite yet—so there's no danger in letting the kids run for a little while before sending them back down.

personally, i am happy with our pick now that we're through camp. with where we were in the draft (imagine we'd won the lottery lololol) the likelihood of us getting a true gamebreaker who was immediately ready was very very low. if yager continues to improve, he has the potential to be a top-liner as he matures, and he might be ready to slide in right when the core is retiring. the more prospects we can let cook in juniors or the AHL, the more gentle that transition will be. and, i'm not sure if FSG or kyle have the appetite to truly tank, but if they go that route, our best prospects being kept off the varsity when the core retires will help there too, because it will keep us from winning too much.

anyway these are just my thoughts! young teams on the upswing are in a totally different spot when it comes to looking at draft picks than teams like the pens, and thus the expectations for the prospects are different (at least in the short term).

[twinkubus]

"be very careful when buying resin items as most are not food safe"

Short answer: Not true*

Long answer:...Maybe**

*epoxy resins are obviously toxic before they have been cured but once they ARE cured and become "inert plastics" they meet FDA standards for contact with food. Even if they are not "fda certified" you don't really need to worry about it.

**If an epoxy manufacturer goes the route of official FDA certification they need to make sure that even pre-cure, it has low amounts of certain chemicals. Non-certified epoxies will have larger amounts of BPA than food-safe ones. However if you are *really* worried about BPA you should probably not be using ANY plastic food containers/bottles/utensils, bc it's everywhere. One resin cup— probably not a make-it-or-break-it type deal.

[lessrthanthree]

TELL ME ABOUT THE ICE CORES I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR ABOUT THEM

/takes a break from writing an essay (only 600 words in. sad.) to write even more words about,, ice/

yahoo !!!!1

ice cores are mostly used for monitoring changing CO2 levels in the atmosphere along with methane and nitrous oxide :) by taking out looooooong chunks of ice from glaciers and ice sheets, you can analyze things that happened a long time ago!! air bubbles trapped inside the ice contain our ancient atmosphere! the stuff that creatures 2 million years ago breathed!!!! and we can analyze the contents of it!!!!!!!!!!

volcanic eruptions and weather events such as dust storms can be trapped in the ice too! particulate matter is chemically documented and linked with CO2 contents to create graphs of ancient climates (volcanoes make the earth cool since solar radiation cannot enter the atmosphere as easily when blocked out by large amounts of ash, so we can identify probable dips in the earth's previous temperatures!)

image source (displays how climate matches up nicely with air bubble samples taken from the cores!!)

with this science we've accurately documented around 400,000 years worth of natural climate data from the past!!!!!! of course other resources are compared such as tree ring growth and plant frost damage, but it's all collaborative to become as accurate as possible :)

speaking of plant growth, the ice cores gave us the keeling curve! named after Dr. Dave Keeling, who took the first ice core measures at Mauna Loa in Hawaii in 1858 due to wanting an "uncontaminated" sample as humanly possible. the ice core CO2 data showed a natural fluctuation with the seasons, a pretty little pattern of crests and troughs created as plants flourish in the summer to consume CO2 and die off in the winter to allow it to more accumulate. after Keeling continued to document samples, he found the CO2 levels to steadily rise (he expected his graph's slope to be flat! being sampled so far away from major city pollutants! whats going on!!?)

image source (interactive charts are fun :D ..... the fully extended one also scares the shit out of me :D !!)

so now ice core data and the continued documentation of the extended keeling curve have become an international effort in order to 1- further research our past climate by going deeper and deeper to analyze more ancient cores (currently being stored and researched at the main ice core facility in Colorado USA (i watched a documentary on this place it was very cool!!!)) and 2- keep watch on the keeling curve in relation to climate change and the efforts to reduce it (ex: the IPPC, Kyoto protocol, Paris agreement, etc. etc. etc. and how their impacts, well,, impact this data)

LOOK HOW MANY THERE ARE IN THIS FACILITY!!!!! THIS PLACE IS SO SO SO SO SICK I WANNA GO SO BAD (image pulled from this short (but out of date) magazine article)

i had more graphics from my university but theyre from a year ago and i no longer have access to the old files but they were SOOOO COOOOL

being a stem kid with adhd is so cool and fun 11/10 would recommend (all my friends are liberal arts majors and i talked to them in a starbucks about BPA once for over 30 minutes straight god bless them) i love sharing information thank you so much anon i can always rely on the tumblr followers to talk about cool things :)

(reason this journal is so unusually long is bc it's part of a collection of 2021-2022's "best of" but im really enjoying it so far)

BUT!

now i have to go back and do my essay. i enjoyed this break dearly :)

[effervescent-fool]

Period underwear anon (not a phrase I thought I'd ever say) - I hate them because I have a really heavy flow and have bled through too many in a relatively short period of time, and having to change your whole underwear during the day when you're in a public restroom stall is a hassle. Pads are easier to change. + also there's evidence of spanex mix fabrics having BPA in it & the underwear I have is made of that fabric so now I don't want to wear it anyway

oh yeah that makes a lot of sense! Reusable pads definitely seem like a better choice

[growthbacklinks]

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Comfortable Sleepwear: Safe, snug sleepwear designed to keep your baby warm without overheating.

Special Occasion Outfits: Dress your little one up for family gatherings, holidays, or milestone photos with our adorable collection of dresses, suits, and accessories.

All of our baby clothes are made from high-quality fabrics that are gentle on your baby’s skin, so you can feel confident in your choices.

5. Diapers: Keeping Your Baby Dry and Happy

Diapering is a critical part of early child care, and choosing the right brand can make all the difference. At Wobble Bee Kids Store, we carry:

Top Diaper Brands: Featuring trusted names that parents rely on for leak protection and comfort.

Eco-Friendly Options: For those looking to minimize their environmental impact, we offer biodegradable diapering solutions.

Various Sizes and Types: Whether you need newborn diapers or training pants for toddlers, our range covers every stage of development.

Our diapers are designed to prevent rashes, leaks, and discomfort, so your baby can stay dry and happy throughout the day.

6. Wipes: Gentle and Effective for Messy Moments

Baby wipes are an essential tool for parents, whether you're at home or on the go. Wobble Bee's selection includes:

Hypoallergenic Wipes: Free from harsh chemicals and suitable for babies with sensitive skin.

Travel-Friendly Packs: Compact options perfect for your diaper bag or stroller.

Moisturizing Wipes: Infused with soothing agents like aloe vera to keep your baby's skin soft and irritation-free.

With these wipes, you can handle any mess with ease, ensuring your baby's skin remains clean and healthy.

Why Choose Wobble Bee Kids Store?

Quality You Can Trust: We prioritize safety, comfort, and durability in every product we offer.

Comprehensive Selection: Your one-stop shop for baby and kids' essentials, from clothing and water bottles to diapers and wipes.

Affordability Without Compromise: Enjoy competitive pricing on all items.

Exceptional Customer Service: Our dedicated team is always ready to assist you in finding the perfect products for your needs.

FAQs

Q1: Are all products at Wobble Bee Kids Store safe for newborns? A1: Yes, we ensure that all products, especially those designed for babies, meet high safety and quality standards, making them safe for newborns and young children.

Q2: What brands do you carry for baby care products? A2: We carry a mix of well-known and trusted brands that prioritize safe and gentle ingredients in their baby care products.

Q3: Do you offer any eco-friendly options for diapers and wipes? A3: Absolutely! We provide biodegradable diapers and environmentally friendly wipes for parents who wish to make sustainable choices.

Q4: Can I find seasonal clothes for both babies and older kids at Wobble Bee? A4: Yes, we have a full range of seasonal clothes suitable for babies, toddlers, and older children, ensuring your child stays comfortable all year round.

Q5: Are your water bottles suitable for school use? A5: Yes, our water bottles are spill-proof, BPA-free, and come in fun designs that are perfect for school and other activities.

Conclusion

At Wobble Bee Kids Store, we take pride in being a trusted partner for parents and caregivers. Our wide range of high-quality, thoughtfully chosen products makes caring for your child simpler and more enjoyable. Whether you're searching for baby clothes, diapers, water bottles, or kids' clothing, we’ve got you covered. Visit us today and discover why parents choose Wobble Bee for their little ones!

Wobble Bee Kids Store: Your One-Stop Shop for All Things Baby and Kids

Parenting is an incredible journey filled with joy, laughter, and sometimes, a few challenges. One of the best ways to make this journey easier is to have reliable and high-quality baby and kids' products at your fingertips. Wobble Bee Kids Store is here to provide you with everything you need for your children, from newborns to active toddlers. With a diverse range of essentials like baby clothes, kids’ clothing, baby care items, and more, Wobble Bee ensures that your parenting experience is as smooth and enjoyable as possible.

1. Baby Care Products: A Gentle Touch for Your Little Ones

Your baby's health and comfort are priorities at Wobble Bee Kids Store. We carry a curated selection of baby care products that are gentle on delicate skin and made from safe, non-toxic ingredients. Highlights of our baby care range include:

Natural Baby Lotions and Creams: Carefully formulated to hydrate and protect your baby’s sensitive skin without causing irritation.

Bath Time Essentials: We offer mild shampoos and body washes that cleanse without stripping natural oils, ensuring your baby stays clean and comfortable.

Safety and Comfort Items: Must-haves like baby thermometers, nasal aspirators, and soft washcloths that make daily care easier and safer.

These products are selected with your baby’s well-being in mind, providing you with peace of mind as you care for your little one.

2. Water Bottles: Durable and Kid-Friendly Designs

Hydration is crucial for growing children, and having a fun, reliable water bottle can encourage healthy drinking habits. Our selection of kids’ water bottles features:

Spill-Proof and Leak-Resistant Bottles: Ideal for school, travel, or playdates, these bottles are designed to withstand bumps and drops.

BPA-Free and Safe Materials: Your child’s safety comes first, so we ensure all water bottles are free of harmful chemicals.

Colorful and Fun Designs: Choose from various themes and patterns that your kids will love, from cartoon characters to animal prints.

With our wide range of water bottles, staying hydrated has never been so exciting!

3. Kids Clothes: Stylish and Comfortable for Everyday Adventures

Finding the right balance between style and comfort in children’s clothing can be challenging, but at Wobble Bee, we make it simple. Our collection of kids' clothes is designed to meet your child's active lifestyle while keeping them looking adorable:

Playtime and Schoolwear: Durable, easy-to-wash clothes that keep up with even the most energetic little ones.

Seasonal Outfits: From warm, cozy sweaters and jackets in winter to breathable, lightweight shirts and shorts in summer, we have it all.

Trendy and Age-Appropriate: Fashion-forward clothes that reflect current trends without compromising on the comfort and flexibility that kids need.

4. Baby Clothes: The Perfect Start for Your Little One's Wardrobe

New parents know that finding the right baby clothes is essential for comfort and convenience. At Wobble Bee, we offer a wide range of baby clothing that includes:

Soft and Stretchy Onesies and Rompers: Ideal for both naptime and playtime, our onesies allow for easy movement and quick changes.

Comfortable Sleepwear: Safe, snug sleepwear designed to keep your baby warm without overheating.

Special Occasion Outfits: Dress your little one up for family gatherings, holidays, or milestone photos with our adorable collection of dresses, suits, and accessories.

All of our baby clothes are made from high-quality fabrics that are gentle on your baby’s skin, so you can feel confident in your choices.

5. Diapers: Keeping Your Baby Dry and Happy

Diapering is a critical part of early child care, and choosing the right brand can make all the difference. At Wobble Bee Kids Store, we carry:

Top Diaper Brands: Featuring trusted names that parents rely on for leak protection and comfort.

Eco-Friendly Options: For those looking to minimize their environmental impact, we offer biodegradable diapering solutions.

Various Sizes and Types: Whether you need newborn diapers or training pants for toddlers, our range covers every stage of development.

Our diapers are designed to prevent rashes, leaks, and discomfort, so your baby can stay dry and happy throughout the day.

6. Wipes: Gentle and Effective for Messy Moments

Baby wipes are an essential tool for parents, whether you're at home or on the go. Wobble Bee's selection includes:

Hypoallergenic Wipes: Free from harsh chemicals and suitable for babies with sensitive skin.

Travel-Friendly Packs: Compact options perfect for your diaper bag or stroller.

Moisturizing Wipes: Infused with soothing agents like aloe vera to keep your baby's skin soft and irritation-free.

With these wipes, you can handle any mess with ease, ensuring your baby's skin remains clean and healthy.

Why Choose Wobble Bee Kids Store?

Quality You Can Trust: We prioritize safety, comfort, and durability in every product we offer.

Comprehensive Selection: Your one-stop shop for baby and kids' essentials, from clothing and water bottles to diapers and wipes.

Affordability Without Compromise: Enjoy competitive pricing on all items.

Exceptional Customer Service: Our dedicated team is always ready to assist you in finding the perfect products for your needs.

FAQs

Q1: Are all products at Wobble Bee Kids Store safe for newborns? A1: Yes, we ensure that all products, especially those designed for babies, meet high safety and quality standards, making them safe for newborns and young children.

Q2: What brands do you carry for baby care products? A2: We carry a mix of well-known and trusted brands that prioritize safe and gentle ingredients in their baby care products.

Q3: Do you offer any eco-friendly options for diapers and wipes? A3: Absolutely! We provide biodegradable diapers and environmentally friendly wipes for parents who wish to make sustainable choices.

Q4: Can I find seasonal clothes for both babies and older kids at Wobble Bee? A4: Yes, we have a full range of seasonal clothes suitable for babies, toddlers, and older children, ensuring your child stays comfortable all year round.

Q5: Are your water bottles suitable for school use? A5: Yes, our water bottles are spill-proof, BPA-free, and come in fun designs that are perfect for school and other activities.

Conclusion

At Wobble Bee Kids Store, we take pride in being a trusted partner for parents and caregivers. Our wide range of high-quality, thoughtfully chosen products makes caring for your child simpler and more enjoyable. Whether you're searching for baby clothes, diapers, water bottles, or kids' clothing, we’ve got you covered. Visit us today and discover why parents choose Wobble Bee for their little ones!

[rentit4-me]

Top 10 Best Home Appliances for Renting in 2024

Renting home appliances has become a popular choice for people seeking flexibility and affordability without the commitment of owning. Whether it’s short-term renting while living in a temporary space or testing appliances before a purchase, renting allows you to enjoy the benefits of high-quality appliances without the upfront cost. This guide highlights the top 10 home appliances worth renting that offer value, convenience, and ease in daily life.

Coffee Maker or Espresso Machine

For coffee lovers, renting a coffee maker or espresso machine can make mornings feel like a coffee shop experience without purchasing expensive equipment. Renting a coffee machine makes it simple to enjoy high-quality coffee, from basic drip brews to rich espresso, right at home or in the office.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting a coffee maker or espresso machine is ideal for anyone who wants café-style coffee without the high cost or maintenance. It’s a fantastic option for short-term renters, small office spaces, or those wishing to try different machines.

Key Features to Look For

Programmable settings for personalized coffee

Options like milk frothing for lattes and cappuccinos

High-quality brewing systems for rich flavours

Air Fryer

An air fryer has become an essential kitchen appliance, especially for people who want a healthier way to enjoy fried foods. Renting an air fryer is a great way to try this versatile appliance without committing to a purchase.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting an air fryer allows you to cook healthier versions of your favourite fried foods without the mess or hassle. It’s perfect for anyone curious about air frying but not ready to invest in an appliance they may not use frequently.

Key Features to Look For

Versatile settings for frying, baking, and grilling

Easy-to-clean nonstick baskets

Oil reduction for healthier meals

Robot Vacuum

A robot vacuum can save time and effort, especially in busy households. Renting one is an affordable way to keep your space clean without investing in a high-tech cleaning device upfront.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Robot vacuums can be costly, so renting allows you to test one out and see if it fits your cleaning routine. They’re perfect for people who want cleaner floors with minimal effort or those living in temporary spaces.

Key Features to Look For

Self-charging and programmable cleaning schedules

Advanced navigation to avoid obstacles

High-efficiency filters for trapping allergens

Portable Blender

A portable blender is ideal for those who love making smoothies or shakes on the go. Renting a blender is a great way to test its versatility without purchasing.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting a portable blender is a good option for health-conscious people who want to try making smoothies at home without committing to owning one. It’s perfect for students, travellers, or anyone with a short-term stay.

Key Features to Look For

Compact and USB-rechargeable design

BPA-free containers for safety

Powerful enough for fruits, vegetables, and ice

Smart Speaker (Alexa or Google Home)

A smart speaker like Alexa or Google Home adds voice-controlled convenience for music, reminders, and even smart home management. Renting one lets you try these features before committing to a specific device.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting a smart speaker allows you to experience its benefits and compatibility with your other devices before purchasing. Renting is a great choice for tech enthusiasts or anyone wanting to explore the potential of smart home technology.

Key Features to Look For

Voice commands for hands-free control

Compatibility with smart home devices

High-quality speakers for clear audio

Instant Pot or Multi-Cooker

An Instant Pot or multi-cooker combines various cooking methods into one, making it a popular appliance for home chefs. Renting is an ideal way to test its versatility before deciding to buy.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting a multi-cooker is a practical solution for those who want to try pressure cooking, slow cooking, and other methods without purchasing multiple devices. It’s great for those living in rental units who enjoy cooking but don’t want a permanent appliance.

Key Features to Look For

Multiple cooking functions in one appliance

Time-saving and energy-efficient

Ideal for meal prep and batch cooking

Air Purifier

An air purifier is a valuable appliance, especially for individuals with allergies or those living in urban areas. Renting an air purifier can help improve air quality without needing ownership.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting an air purifier provides clean air without a long-term commitment, making it a good choice for seasonal or temporary needs. Perfect for families, shared homes, or workspaces that require improved air quality.

Key Features to Look For

HEPA filters for capturing allergens

Quiet operation suitable for any room

It helps alleviate symptoms for allergy sufferers

Electric Toothbrush

An electric toothbrush is a convenient and health-conscious option, especially for travellers or individuals who want to try advanced brushing features without investing in a new toothbrush.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Electric toothbrush rentals are perfect for short-term needs, especially for those travelling or staying in temporary housing. Renting also allows users to try features like smart timers and pressure sensors.

Key Features to Look For

Advanced modes for a thorough clean

Built-in timers for optimal brushing time

Rechargeable with long battery life

Personal Massage Gun

A personal massage gun offers deep-tissue relief for fitness enthusiasts or those dealing with muscle soreness. Renting allows you to use this high-tech device without the full purchase price.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Massage guns can be pricey, so renting allows you to enjoy muscle relief and recovery without a financial commitment. It is ideal for those in temporary housing, gyms, or shared workout spaces.

Key Features to Look For

Interchangeable heads for targeted massage

Adjustable speed for personalized relief

Compact and portable design

Mini Projector

A mini projector can transform any space into a home theatre, making it an exciting rental option for movie nights or presentations. Renting a projector is ideal for those who want a big-screen experience without buying a device.

Why It’s Great to Rent

Renting a mini projector is perfect for one-time events, family gatherings, or temporary home setups. You get the cinema experience without a big investment, making it ideal for dorms, rental spaces, or outdoor gatherings.

Key Features to Look For

Portable design for easy setup

High-definition quality for a clear picture

Compatible with various devices like smartphones and laptops

Conclusion

Renting home appliances offers a flexible, affordable way to enjoy high-quality devices without the long-term commitment of ownership. Whether it’s a coffee maker for a morning ritual, a smart speaker for voice-controlled convenience, or a mini projector for occasional movie nights, renting lets you test out appliances that add value to daily life without the upfront cost.

[sanguinifex]

Yup! I was just thinking earlier today, “In 100 years, Absolute History is going to do an episode on ‘Hidden Killers in the Brexit-era Home,’ bc they’re a British channel, and it’s going to be about lithium ion batteries, sodium nitrate, and microplastics.”

Like, we already know lithium batteries can cause horrific fires and rely on exploitation to produce. We know processed meats cause colon cancer. We know that the average human swallows a credit card’s worth of microplastics every week, and while we’re not entirely sure what that’s doing to us, we know it can’t be good (especially since a lot of those microplastics come from the BPA era). We know what carbon emissions are doing to our world.

But we don’t have a viable alternative for compact rechargeable batteries yet, and our society relies on cell phones, which rely on those batteries. You can’t get bacon that doesn’t have carcinogenic additives in it, unless you’re willing to pay 4x as much for it (assuming your local grocery store even carries bacon that’s solely salt cured). Processed food in general is cheaper than vegetables, because corn is subsidized and salads aren’t. There’s no way to get rid of existing microplastics, and there’s a lot of plastic things we can’t replace with other materials. It takes time and lots of money to build green power sources, meanwhile a lot of rural Asia and Africa doesn’t even have electricity, and even if the world switched to making exclusively electric vehicles tomorrow, it’d take decades before existing conventional vehicles stopped being used. Plus currently electric vehicles use those lithium batteries, and third party e-bike batteries typically cause the most fires.

The average person knows all these things are dangerous, but they can’t change anything about it, or the short-term benefits mentally outweigh long-term harm. My work uniform is a polyester shirt. It’s making microplastics every time I wear or wash it, but I can’t not wear it if I want to make rent. Etc.

I get so annoyed when people are like ‘oh those 19th century idiots with their silly understanding of things that were killing them lol’ when half of it was like…

They knew there was harm but because of various things, be it manufacturing happening out of their control, or what their access or lack of access looked like, or what assurances they were given by whom, what have you, that harm mitigation became more challenging.

Like, people knew that scurvy was treated by access to fresh fruits and vegetables (though there was sometimes a mistaken identity of believing acidity was indicative of something that’d help you, such as vinegar, which is a logical conclusion when you don’t know about vitamin c). But sometimes one still finds themselves in a place or job where that access can’t happen.

Doctors and journalists were sounding alarms about the dangers of heavy metals in dyes and makeup. But If your understanding of how something caused harm didn’t match with the actual currently-not-understood dangers (such as thinking that arsenic kills something when ingested, but not knowing about dust or outgassing) one might not be alert to the danger of it. The power of advertising, and labels, and assurances could also sway people as much as they do today.

There were journalists who wrote on the dangers of adulterated food cut with inedible materials. But if, like heavy metals in dyes and cosmetics, it was embedded in the manufacturing process, and if there was no system in place to hold those manufacturers accountable, there wasn’t much you could do. Especially for poorer families who didn’t often have access to food that WASN’T adulterated. They couldn’t afford food that wasn’t adulterated. You still have to eat.

Some doctors also sounded the alarm about the use of mercury / calomel treatments for various ailments, saying that they did more harm than good. But if that’s the most widely available treatment, if it’s the only option open to you when the alternative is ‘inevitably die horribly from syphilis anyway’, people may have taken their chances. Especially when it was also being pushed by other authority figures as being an effective miracle cure.

Idk all this to say that capitalism always kills, ordinary people trying to get through their lives are always trying to do the best they can in the circumstances they find themselves in with the knowledge they have and what’s available to them, and like…look in a mirror or something. I don’t want someone calling me an idiot 200 years from now, if humanity is still here, because my organs were full of microplastics. There’s nothing I can do about that. Criticize the greed and structures that put them there.

[nickgerlich]

Bad Chemistry

If you have traveled abroad, you may have noticed something very different about the foods available there. Supermarket displays may look a lot like what we see here in the States, but by and large, the food you see, buy, and consume there is missing a lot of things…things that are common here.

Things like food dyes, preservatives, flavorings, and other chemicals. And now some people are starting to get mad, recently protesting outside headquarters of Kellogg’s, the company that makes many of the sugary breakfast cereals we have in our bowl each morning.

I find it odd how our FDA can rule so many of these artificial ingredients to be safe, when numerous other agencies and governments around the world have completely banned them. Someone is seriously wrong here, and I suspect the FDA has dropped the ball, instead favoring long-term shelf-stable food products.

But many of the products containing these chemicals don’t need them so much for protection as they do basic marketing. Have you ever seen oranges on the tree in Florida or California? They are nowhere near as bright orange as the fruit we buy at the grocery, because they have all been bathed in orange dye. Fruit Loops? Artificially colored to make us think we are eating various fruits, when of course it’s just highly refined wheat and corn with “natural fruit flavors,” whatever that means.

These products are pervasive in the US, and hard to escape. You have to shop at Whole Foods, Sprouts, Trader Joe’s, and Natural Grocers to avoid them. You can tell the difference, too, especially with fresh veggies and fruits. If you don’t spray the produce with a preservative, those fruits and veggies will go bad a lot faster than what you buy at Walmart. I see it in breads, bagels, and tortillas I buy at those stores. They will start molding much faster than mass market bread products.

I understand that in the case of preservatives, there is an economic side to the argument. Less waste means cost savings, but at the potential expense of our health.

Meanwhile, the vast majority of food products sold in the US contain one or more artificial ingredients, all of which ostensibly have some noble purpose, but more than likely are not all that good for us. It is a problem created by the collision of several forces, from consumers being uninformed, to being unable or unwilling to buy healthier options, and the political pressure of Big Food in attaining and sustaining FDA approval.

It is not that the US has never banned any additives, because we have. Just not that many.

So what is it going to take to see change here in the US? It is going to take a concerted effort by consumers, meaning nearly all of us, to pressure companies into doing better. A complete revolution in consumer behavior is needed to effect this change. It means we will have to start reading labels and knowing what all those unpronounceable words mean. It will mean boycotting products that are phonier than a $3 bill, like Froot Loops. It means shopping more frequently for perishables, and buying less to avoid waste. And it means it will probably all cost more.

That’s a pretty tough prescription, one that is going to be a hard sell to many. It’s not a big ask if you are educated and make good money; it’s quite another if you come up short in either or both of those categories.

Even when you do care and make a concerted effort, it is hard to completely avoid these additives. Tin cans and plastic containers often contain BPA, or Bisphenol A. This chemical is used in the manufacture of many plastics, and is also used to line the inside of cans. Technically, it is a synthetic estrogen, something I am certain none of us want to be ingesting every time we eat.

In the wake of FDA approvals of these additives, we are left to fend for ourselves. And it seems like the chemicals are winning.

Dr “Doing The Best I Can” Gerlich

Audio Blog

[johniac]

Working with Claude (3.5 Sonnet )

Identifying Woody Forest Debris

JV what is the name given woody materials that naturally fall from trees in a forest

The term for woody materials that naturally fall from trees in a forest is deadfall.

Deadfall typically includes:

Fallen branches Twigs Bark Entire fallen trees This material is an important part of forest ecosystems, providing habitat for various organisms and contributing to nutrient cycling as it decomposes. Would you like me to elaborate on the ecological importance of deadfall or its uses?

how much deadfall would an acre of poplar trees generate

To estimate the amount of deadfall generated by an acre of poplar trees, we need to consider several factors. However, it's important to note that this can vary significantly based on the specific conditions. Here's an approximate calculation:

Tree density: A typical poplar plantation might have about 500-700 trees per acre. Deadfall rate: Poplars, being fast-growing and relatively short-lived trees, produce more deadfall than many other species. On average, they might lose about 1-2% of their biomass annually as deadfall. Tree size: Let's assume mature poplars of about 50 feet tall and 12 inches in diameter. Biomass calculation: Such a tree might have about 1,500-2,000 pounds of above-ground biomass. So, for an acre with 600 trees:

Total biomass: 600 x 1,750 lbs = 1,050,000 lbs Annual deadfall at 1.5%: 1,050,000 x 0.015 = 15,750 lbs or about 7.9 tons per acre per year This is a rough estimate and could vary based on:

Age of the trees Local climate conditions Soil quality Presence of diseases or pests Wind exposure Management practices Would you like me to elaborate on any part of this calculation or discuss factors that might increase or decrease deadfall production?

JV what chmicals are produced from acetone

Acetone is an important industrial solvent and chemical intermediate. It's used to produce various chemicals through different reactions. Here are some key chemicals produced from acetone:

Methyl methacrylate (MMA): A precursor to plexiglass and other acrylic products. Bisphenol A (BPA): Used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Diacetone alcohol: A solvent and chemical intermediate. Mesityl oxide: Used in the production of methyl isobutyl ketone. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): A solvent used in paints and resins. Isophorone: Used in some paints, resins, and pesticides.* Acetone cyanohydrin: An intermediate in methyl methacrylate production. Diisopropyl ether: A solvent and fuel additive. Cumene: An intermediate in phenol production. Acetone peroxide: Used as an initiator for some polymerization reactions (also known for its use in improvised explosives, though this is not an intended industrial application). This list covers some of the main chemicals, but there are others. Would you like me to elaborate on any specific chemical or process?

JV how is bisphenol A made from phenol and acetone

Bisphenol A (BPA) is synthesized from phenol and acetone through a condensation reaction. Here's a step-by-step explanation of the process:

Reactants: 2 moles of phenol (C6H5OH) 1 mole of acetone (CH3COCH3) Reaction conditions: Acidic catalyst (typically hydrochloric acid or a sulfonated polystyrene resin) Temperature around 50-90°C (122-194°F) Excess phenol is usually used to drive the reaction to completion Reaction steps: a. The acetone molecule is protonated by the acid catalyst, making it more electrophilic. b. One phenol molecule attacks the protonated acetone, forming a bond. c. Water is eliminated, creating a carbocation intermediate. d. A second phenol molecule attacks this carbocation. e. The catalyst is regenerated as the final product forms. Overall reaction: 2 C6H5OH + CH3COCH3 → (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 + H2O Purification: After the reaction, the crude BPA is purified, typically through processes like distillation and recrystallization. The resulting molecule, Bisphenol A, has two phenol groups connected by a central carbon atom from the acetone, with two methyl groups also attached to this central carbon.

This process is efficient and widely used in industry, though there are ongoing efforts to develop alternative methods due to concerns about BPA's potential health effects.

Would you like me to elaborate on any part of this process or discuss the properties and uses of BPA?

JV can biomass be a source of phenol

Yes, biomass can indeed be a source of phenol. This is an area of growing interest in the field of renewable chemicals. Here's an overview of how biomass can be used to produce phenol:

Lignin conversion: Lignin, a major component of woody biomass, is a rich source of aromatic compounds including phenol. Methods include: Pyrolysis (heating in the absence of oxygen) Catalytic depolymerization Oxidative processes Biomass gasification: Biomass is converted to syngas (CO + H2), which can then be used to synthesize phenol. Fermentation: Some microorganisms can produce phenol from renewable resources like glucose. Dehydration of bio-derived cyclohexanol: Cyclohexanol can be produced from biomass and then dehydrogenated to phenol. Conversion of lignin-derived bio-oils: Bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of biomass contain phenolic compounds that can be extracted or further processed. Hydrothermal liquefaction: Biomass is treated with hot compressed water, producing a bio-crude that contains phenolic compounds. These methods are at various stages of development, from lab-scale to pilot plants. The main challenges include:

Improving yield and selectivity Developing efficient separation and purification methods Scaling up processes to be economically competitive with petroleum-derived phenol Would you like more details on any of these methods or information about the current state of bio-based phenol production?

JV which of these methods is the most efficient

Determining the most efficient method for producing phenol from biomass is complex, as efficiency can be measured in different ways (e.g., yield, energy consumption, cost-effectiveness, environmental impact). However, based on current research and development, I can provide some insights:

Lignin conversion: This is often considered one of the most promising approaches due to lignin's abundance and high aromatic content. Among lignin conversion methods: Catalytic depolymerization shows high potential for efficiency, with some studies reporting yields of phenolic compounds up to 10-20% by weight of lignin. Fast pyrolysis of lignin can achieve phenol yields of 1-5% by weight, with the advantage of producing other valuable co-products. Biomass gasification: While this method is well-established for other chemicals, it's generally less efficient for phenol specifically due to the multiple conversion steps required. Fermentation: This method is still in early stages for phenol production and currently has relatively low yields compared to other methods. Dehydration of bio-derived cyclohexanol: This can be quite efficient in terms of atom economy, but the overall process efficiency depends on how the cyclohexanol is produced from biomass. Hydrothermal liquefaction: This method can be efficient in terms of energy use, as it doesn't require drying the biomass. However, the yield of phenol specifically (as opposed to a mixture of phenolic compounds) is often lower than some other methods. Currently, lignin conversion methods, particularly catalytic depolymerization, are often cited as having the highest potential for efficiency at scale. However, it's important to note that:

The field is rapidly evolving, with new catalysts and processes being developed. Efficiency can vary greatly depending on the specific type of biomass used. The most efficient method in the lab may not always be the most practical at industrial scale. For the most up-to-date information on efficiencies, you might want to check recent review articles in journals focused on biomass conversion or green chemistry. Would you like me to elaborate on any specific aspect of these methods?

JV?

The health risks posed by free bisphenol A (BPA) in polycarbonates and epoxy polymers are similar in nature, but there are some nuances to consider:

Chemical structure: In both polycarbonates and epoxy polymers, BPA is the starting monomer. The chemical bonding is different, which can affect the rate of BPA release. Release mechanism: Polycarbonates: BPA can leach out due to hydrolysis, especially at higher temperatures or in the presence of acidic or basic conditions. Epoxy polymers: Unreacted BPA monomers or those formed by polymer degradation can migrate out. Exposure levels: Generally, epoxy resins tend to have higher levels of free BPA compared to polycarbonates. This is partly due to differences in the polymerization process and the potential for incomplete curing in epoxies. Use cases: Polycarbonates are often used in food containers and water bottles. Epoxy resins are commonly used as coatings in food cans and as adhesives. The different applications can lead to varying exposure patterns. Environmental factors: Heat, UV light, and certain chemicals can accelerate the breakdown of both materials, potentially increasing BPA release. Regulatory perspective: Many regulatory bodies consider the risk from both sources, but may have stricter controls on epoxy resins used in food contact materials due to potentially higher migration rates. Research focus: More studies have been conducted on BPA leaching from polycarbonates, particularly in the context of reusable water bottles and food containers. In summary, while the fundamental health concerns are similar (e.g., endocrine disruption), the risk profile can differ based on the polymer type, application, and exposure conditions. Epoxy polymers might pose a slightly higher risk due to potentially higher levels of free BPA, but this can vary greatly depending on specific formulations and use cases.

It's worth noting that ongoing research and regulatory scrutiny have led to the development of BPA-free alternatives for both polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Would you like more information on these alternatives or on specific health effects associated with BPA exposure?

**JV provide examples of BPA-free alternatives for both polycarbonates and epoxy resins

Certainly. The concern over potential health effects of BPA has led to the development of various alternatives for both polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Here are some examples:

For Polycarbonates:

Tritan copolyester: Developed by Eastman Chemical Company Used in water bottles, food containers, and medical devices BPA-free and reportedly more durable than polycarbonate Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG): A modified version of PET with improved impact resistance Used in food packaging and medical devices Polypropylene (PP): A common plastic with good chemical resistance Often used for food containers and bottle caps Polylactic acid (PLA): A biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources like corn starch Used in food packaging and disposable tableware Acrylic (PMMA): Clear plastic with good optical properties Used in displays, lenses, and some food containers For Epoxy Resins:

Bisphenol F (BPF) based epoxies: Similar to BPA-based epoxies but with potentially less estrogenic activity Used in coatings, adhesives, and composites Bisphenol S (BPS) based epoxies: Another BPA alternative, though some studies suggest it may have similar health concerns Used in thermal paper and some food contact materials Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO): A bio-based alternative derived from soybean oil Used in coatings and as a plasticizer Novolac epoxies: Derived from phenol and formaldehyde Used in high-performance applications due to their heat and chemical resistance Cycloaliphatic epoxies: Offer good UV resistance and low viscosity Used in outdoor applications and electronics Glycidyl ether of cardanol: Derived from cashew nut shell liquid, a renewable resource Used in coatings and composites Isosorbide-based epoxies: Derived from corn starch Used in coatings and composites It's important to note that while these alternatives are BPA-free, some may have their own potential health or environmental concerns that are still being studied. The suitability of each alternative depends on the specific application requirements, including mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and regulatory compliance.

Would you like more information on any of these alternatives or their specific applications?

**JV can formaldehyde be economcally produced from biomass

Yes, formaldehyde can be economically produced from biomass. This approach aligns with the growing interest in renewable chemical feedstocks. Here's an overview of the process and its economic viability:

Main production routes: a) Methanol route: Biomass is first converted to syngas (CO + H2) Syngas is then converted to methanol Methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde b) Direct conversion: Some processes aim to produce formaldehyde directly from biomass pyrolysis or gasification Biomass sources: Wood waste Agricultural residues Energy crops Municipal solid waste Economic factors: a) Feedstock availability and cost: Biomass can be cheaper than fossil fuels in some regions Transportation costs can significantly impact overall economics b) Process efficiency: Improvements in catalysts and process integration are making bio-based routes more competitive c) Scale: Larger plants generally have better economics, but biomass supply chains may favor smaller, distributed production d) Co-products: Valorization of by-products can improve overall economics e) Policy incentives: Carbon pricing, renewable chemical credits, and other policies can make bio-based formaldehyde more competitive Current status: Several pilot and demonstration plants exist Some commercial-scale plants are operating, particularly in regions with abundant biomass Challenges: Ensuring consistent biomass quality Competing with well-established fossil-based production Optimizing the multi-step process for biomass-to-formaldehyde Future prospects: Ongoing research into more efficient catalysts and process designs Integration with biorefineries producing multiple products can improve overall economics While biomass-derived formaldehyde is not yet dominant in the market, it is becoming increasingly viable. The economic competitiveness varies by region and is influenced by factors like local biomass availability, energy costs, and policy environments.

Would you like more details on any specific aspect of biomass-to-formaldehyde production or its economic considerations?

JV elaborate on the processes that produce formaldehyde directly from biomass

Certainly. The direct production of formaldehyde from biomass, without going through methanol as an intermediate, is an area of ongoing research and development. These processes aim to simplify production and potentially improve overall efficiency. Here are the main approaches being explored:

Fast Pyrolysis: Process: Rapid heating of biomass (400-600°C) in the absence of oxygen. Outcome: Produces bio-oil containing formaldehyde and other compounds. Challenges: a) Separating formaldehyde from the complex bio-oil mixture. b) Dealing with tar formation and reactor fouling. Advantages: Can process a wide variety of biomass feedstocks. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: Process: Similar to fast pyrolysis but uses catalysts to guide product formation. Catalysts: Zeolites, metal oxides, or supported metal catalysts. Goal: Increase selectivity towards formaldehyde and other valuable chemicals. Current status: Still mainly at the research stage, with ongoing work to improve catalyst performance and longevity. Gasification followed by Partial Oxidation: Process: a) Biomass is first gasified to produce syngas. b) The syngas then undergoes partial oxidation to form formaldehyde. Catalysts: Silver or copper-based catalysts are often used for the partial oxidation step. Advantage: Can potentially integrate with existing gasification infrastructure. Hydrothermal Processing: Process: Biomass is treated in hot, pressurized water (200-400°C, 20-200 bar). Outcome: Produces a range of chemicals including formaldehyde. Advantage: Can process wet biomass without drying. Challenge: Controlling selectivity towards formaldehyde. Plasma-assisted Conversion: Process: Uses plasma technology to break down biomass at lower temperatures. Current status: Mostly experimental, with potential for energy efficiency. Challenge: Scaling up the technology and controlling product distribution. Microwave-assisted Pyrolysis: Process: Uses microwave heating for rapid, volumetric heating of biomass. Potential advantages: Faster reaction times and potentially better control over product formation. Current status: Mainly at laboratory scale, with ongoing research into scalability. Key Challenges Across These Processes:

Selectivity: Improving formaldehyde yield while minimizing unwanted by-products. Separation: Developing efficient methods to isolate formaldehyde from complex product mixtures. Scalability: Moving from lab-scale to industrial-scale production while maintaining efficiency. Feedstock variability: Designing processes that can handle the inherent variability in biomass composition. These direct conversion methods are still primarily in the research and development phase. Their economic viability compared to the established methanol route depends on further technological advancements and process optimizations. Researchers are particularly focused on improving catalysts and reactor designs to enhance formaldehyde selectivity and yield.

Would you like more information on any specific aspect of these processes or the challenges involved in their development?

JV are producers of novolac polymers vertically integrated with captive phenol and formaldehyde production

The vertical integration of novolac polymer producers with captive phenol and formaldehyde production varies across the industry, but there is a trend towards integration, especially among larger companies. Here's an overview of the situation:

Degree of integration: Fully integrated: Some large chemical companies produce phenol, formaldehyde, and novolac resins. Partially integrated: Others may produce one of the raw materials (usually formaldehyde) and purchase the other. Non-integrated: Smaller specialty resin producers often purchase both phenol and formaldehyde. Reasons for integration: Supply security: Ensures stable supply of critical raw materials. Cost control: Can potentially reduce costs through economies of scale. Quality control: Better oversight of raw material quality. Flexibility: Ability to adjust production based on market demands. Examples of integrated producers: Some major chemical companies have operations spanning phenol, formaldehyde, and various phenolic resins including novolacs. However, I should avoid naming specific companies without verifying current information. Formaldehyde integration: More common than phenol integration due to: a) Simpler production process b) Lower capital requirements c) Formaldehyde's limited storage/transport options due to its reactive nature Phenol integration: Less common due to: a) Complex production process (cumene process) b) High capital costs c) Large scale required for economic viability Regional variations: Integration levels can vary by region based on local market dynamics and raw material availability. Market trends: Increasing consolidation in the industry has led to more vertically integrated operations. However, specialty producers focusing on high-performance or niche novolac resins often remain non-integrated. Challenges of integration: High initial capital investment Need for expertise across multiple chemical processes Potential overcapacity in some product lines Future outlook: Continued trend towards integration among larger players Potential for increased bio-based raw material integration (e.g., bio-based phenol or formaldehyde) It's worth noting that the degree of integration can change over time as companies adjust their strategies in response to market conditions, technological advancements, and regulatory environments.

Would you like more information on any specific aspect of the novolac resin industry or its raw material supply chain?

JV estimate the costs asociated with phenol and formaldehyde production from biomass 

and by current technology

To estimate the costs associated with phenol and formaldehyde production from biomass and current (primarily fossil-based) technology, we need to consider several factors. Please note that these are rough estimates and can vary significantly based on location, scale, and specific technologies used.

Let's break this down for each chemical:

Phenol Production A. Current Technology (Cumene Process):

Estimated cost: $1,000 - $1,300 per metric ton Major cost factors: Benzene (main feedstock): ~60-70% of cost Energy: ~15-20% of cost Capital and operating expenses: ~10-15% of cost B. Biomass-based Production:

Estimated cost: $1,500 - $2,500 per metric ton Major cost factors: Biomass feedstock: ~40-50% of cost Processing (including pretreatment and catalysis): ~30-40% of cost Energy: ~10-15% of cost Capital expenses: ~15-20% of cost Formaldehyde Production A. Current Technology (Methanol Oxidation):

Estimated cost: $300 - $500 per metric ton Major cost factors: Methanol (feedstock): ~60-70% of cost Energy: ~10-15% of cost Capital and operating expenses: ~15-20% of cost B. Biomass-based Production:

Estimated cost: $400 - $700 per metric ton Major cost factors: Biomass feedstock: ~30-40% of cost Processing (gasification, synthesis): ~35-45% of cost Energy: ~10-15% of cost Capital expenses: ~15-20% of cost Key Observations:

Biomass-based production is generally more expensive due to: Higher processing costs (more complex conversion steps) Lower economies of scale (typically smaller plants) Variability in biomass quality and composition The cost gap is smaller for formaldehyde than for phenol, partly because: Formaldehyde production from biomass is more established The conventional process for phenol is highly optimized and integrated Factors that could change these economics: Carbon pricing or other environmental regulations Technological improvements in biomass conversion Changes in fossil fuel prices Government incentives for bio-based chemicals Regional variations can be significant based on: Availability and cost of biomass Energy costs Labor costs Scale of production The biomass route may become more competitive as technology improves and if fossil fuel prices increase. These estimates are based on general industry trends and may not reflect the most recent technological developments or specific company data. Would you like me to elaborate on any specific aspect of these cost estimates or the factors influencing them?

Claude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.

=End=

[atplblog]

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