#Anton Cermak

[deadpresidents]

Is Mayor Cermak the Big Bopper of that day in the FDR life story?

You know, there are theories that Anton Cermak was the actual target of that assassination attempt in Miami in 1933. It's never been proven, but it's been suggested that Cermak, who was the Mayor of Chicago, was targeted by the Chicago Outfit -- the branch of the mafia that Al Capone ran before he was sent to prison.

It's much more likely that Giuseppe Zangara was really trying to kill Franklin D. Roosevelt (he said that Roosevelt was the target of his anger against capitalists) and he very nearly did that day. If a woman nearby hadn't grabbed his arm and deflected his aim, Zangara probably would have shot FDR, who was the President-elect at the time, and just 17 days away from being inaugurated in the midst of the Great Depression. FDR was very lucky that day. Cermak wasn't and died a few weeks later. And Zangara was tried and convicted in a lightning-fast trial where he pled guilty to Cermak's murder and attempted murder for the four other people wounded by his bullets and was promptly executed via Florida's electric chair less than three weeks after FDR was inaugurated. The entire process including the assassination attempt, FDR's inauguration, Cermak's death, Zangara's trial, conviction, and execution all happened in a matter of 33 days.

[zpetlehnoutznovu]

Strosta chicaga tohle asi neřekl...

[beguines]

With the collapse of both the rural and urban economies, millions, including many children, took to riding the rails. In 1932, Southern Pacific, just one of many railroads, threw almost seven hundred thousand people off its trains. Shantytowns, aptly dubbed "Hoovervilles," emerged in major cities around the country, especially in those like Chicago that were transportation centers. Spontaneous struggles, including group raids on food stores, emerged. And into this environment stepped the Unemployed Councils (UC), led by the Communist Party (CP). In a matter of months, hundreds of militant mass organizations had been organized around the country. On March 6, 1930, Communists worldwide took part in unemployment demonstrations. In the United States, where more than a million demonstrated, it is estimated that fifty thousand protestors turned out in Boston, thirty thousand in Philadelphia, twenty-​five thousand in Cleveland, twenty thousand in Pittsburgh and Youngstown, and one hundred thousand each in New York City and Detroit. Active UCs existed around the country, including the South; Atlanta, Birmingham, Richmond, and Chattanooga were early centers. Yet isolated areas were not immune. Especially militant and well organized were groups in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. In the iron mining town of Crosby, Minnesota, the Communist leader of the UC won election as mayor, began hiring unemployed miners, and led a hunger march on the state capital. Yet as Lorence notes, although Michigan was among the most active places, with large, influential unemployed movements not only in Detroit and the Upper Peninsula, but in Flint, Saginaw and Bay City, and Pontiac, the more conservative western part of the state was less militant and confrontational.

Piven and Cloward call it the "largest movement of the unemployed the country has known". As a contemporary social scientist, Helen Seymour, argues, "Every large city, most small cities and towns, practically all states . . . witnessed the growth, with tremendous variation as to type, duration, method of accomplishment, of relief pressure groups". The Musteite Unemployed Leagues claimed a hundred thousand members in 187 branches in Ohio alone, and another forty to fifty thousand members in Pennsylvania in 1933, and they were dwarfed by the much larger Communist-​led Unemployed Councils in members and branches. Of course, some areas were passed over, and even when they did emerge, they did not approach high levels of militancy. Nevertheless, what is most striking is the ubiquity and range of unemployed struggles and active groups.

One of the richest accounts of early unemployed activity is given by Nathaniel Weyl. The UCs were organized by blocks and in tenements, and also in breadlines, flophouses, and relief centers, all with their particular demands and forms of action. One of the major activities of the neighborhood committees was to fight evictions: they amassed crowds, fought evictors, including police, moved furniture back when it had been removed, and re-​hooked up utilities. By 1932, in some cities evictions had all but ended. All over the country, unemployed groups organized marches on relief stations, city halls, and even state capitals, demanding greater relief. In Chicago, where the Socialist Party (SP) was especially strong, the UC initiated a joint demonstration of tens of thousands of unemployed, demanding no cut in relief and an end to evictions. Chicago and Illinois officials rushed to Washington, DC, to borrow 6.3 million dollars from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in order to meet the demands. Mayor Anton Cermak responded to critics by highlighting the seriousness of the growing radicalization of the masses: "I say to the men who object to this public relief because it will add to the tax burden on their property, they should be glad to pay for it, for it is the best way of ensuring that they keep their property". The central national demand of the UCs was unemployment insurance at the expense of employers and the state, embodied in the Frazier-​Lundeen Bill and eventually supported by unions as well as all unemployed groups.

In addition, many of the unemployed groups were industrially oriented. United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) locals in West Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania established active unemployed organizations of their laid-​off members. Communists organized unemployed stockyard workers for hunger marches. The CP-​led Auto Workers Union (AWU) led marches and picket lines at auto plants protesting layoffs, the most famous of which was the March 7, 1932, Ford Hunger March in Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan. As the subsequent chapters demonstrate, active, mass-​supported groups of unemployed in steel towns and wood centers were widespread and played important roles in union organizing.

Michael Goldfield, The Southern Key: Class, Race, and Radicalism in the 1930s and 1940s

[sporadiceagleheart]

End Gun Violence edit shooting victims during Assassination Ava Jordan Wood, Judith and Maria Barsi, Jailah Nicole Silguero, Jayce Carmelo Luevanos, Maite Yuleana Rodriguez, Makenna Lee Elrod, Eliahna Torres, Nevaeh Bravo, Layla Salazar, Jackie Cazares, Tess Marie Mata, Alexandria Rubio, Maranda Gail Mathis, Ana Márquez-Greene, Emilie Alice Parker, Catherine Violet Hubbard, Caroline Previdi, Daniel Barden, Olivia Engel, Josephine Gay, Jessica Rekos, Charlotte Bacon, Avielle Richman, Charlotte Louise Dunn, Sophie North, Hannah Louise Scott, Madeleine Hsu, Rachel Joy Scott, Kelly Ann Fleming, Cassie Bernall, Olivia Pratt Korbel, Abraham Lincoln, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Shinzo Abe, Young Dolph, Tupac Shakur, Biggie Smalls, Jaime Taylor Guttenberg, Alyssa Miriam Alhadeff, Alaina Petty, John F. Kennedy, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Alexander II of Russia, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia, Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, Alexandra Feodorovna, Corey Comperatore, David Dutch, James Copenhaver, Anton Cermak, Major General Jaafar Muhammad Saad, Malcolm X, John William Wactor III, Chris Trickle, John Wes Townley, Reginald “Reggie” Folks, Christina Grimmie, Osazuwa Agbonayinma, Takeoff, XXXTentacion, Nipsey Hussle, Pop Smoke, King Von, PnB Rock, Snootie Wild, Vanessa Marquez, Christine Chubbuck, Natalia Wallace, Evelyn Dieckhaus, Hallie Scruggs, William Kinney, Katherine Koonce, Cynthia Peak, Michael Hill, Cannon Hinnant, Gina Rose Montalto, Adriana Dukic, Tammy Jo Alexander, Teresa Carol Allen, Lori A. Baker, Carrie Rae Barnette, Liberty Mae Battaglia, Mary Faith Battaglia, Beverly Jean Benninghoff, Thomas Aquinas Ashton, Cory Adam Andrewski, Jason Leonard Abbott, Ross Abdallah Alameddine, Emily Maureen Ellen Keyes,

[fdrlibrary]

On February 15, 1933, an assassin nearly killed FDR.

The attack took place at a rally for the President-elect at Miami's Bay Front Park. After speaking to a crowd from atop the back seat of an open car, FDR slid down into his seat.

Suddenly, gunshots rang out. A deranged unemployed bricklayer named Guiseppe Zangara fired five bullets at FDR from close range. A bystander deflected his hand, but Zangara wounded four people and fatally shot Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak.

Read more: http://www.fdrlibraryvirtualtour.org/page03-06.asp

[buck-yyyy]

notices your tags on a post you rb'd from me. can you tell me about anton cermack (he was the mayor of chicago at one point yeah?)

HI HI HI HI HI YES ALWAYS!!!!!!!!!!!!!

okay SO. anton cermak was the mayor of chicago in the 1930s, and he's particularly significant BECAUSEEEEEEE (drumroll please)........

he was the first in a long line of democrat mayors in chicago. as in, chicago has not had a red mayor since before his election!!! which is such a neat lil legacy!!!!!!!!

i believe he was from austria hungary, and he won the mayoral race by uniting people from all sides of the (highly segregated into distinct racial and ethnic neighborhoods) city due to the fact that he was an immigrant. he catered to lots of different kinds of voters because of that part of his background, and managed to surpass all the xenophobia tossed at his from the opposing candidate as part of the dude's campaign to become mayor!!! WHICH IS SO COOL!!!!

later (and this part you may know from assassins), he would be shot by giuseppe zangara in an assassination attempt against president-elect FDR while FDR was giving an impromptu speech in the back of a car (which cermak was also standing in). he nearly died en route to the hospital (and FDR was CONVINCED that he would die on the way there, to the point that he refused to let an ambulance take him because the president-elect's car would be able to surpass traffic and other obstacle far quicker), but somehow managed to pull through. however, a week or two, later, he would pass away. his last words were SUPPOSEDLY "i'm glad it was me", spoken to FDR, but this was only ever recorded in a single newspaper with no direct sources, so it's unclear if he ever actually said that or if it was made up. nonetheless, that quote is engraved on his family's mausoleum in a polish cemetery in chicago, where he was laid to rest.

additionally, if i remember correctly, his death may have been preventable? i'm unsure on this, and don't have the energy to check sources at this exact moment, but i believe that there was some kind of medical error made by his doctor (rather similar to garfield). something to do with his colon perhaps? unsure on that front.

he's remembered solely by the street named after him.

but!!! fuckin cermak!!!!! I LOVE TALKING ABOUT HIM

[moleshow]

you know i think that anton cermak deserved a little more than having one of the more unpleasant streets to cross named after him due to he was merked and all

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

“The Voice of a Patriot,” Chicago Tribune. February 17, 1933. Page 1. ---- Anton Cermak,Mayor of Chicago and FDR ally, fatally shot by Joe Zangara in Miami, lays on his death bed, murmuring to the president elect ‘I’m Glad It Was Me Instead of You.”

[cherrygeek]

SDCC: "TRUE NOIR" PRODUCERS ROBERT MEYER BURNETT AND MIKE BAWDEN TALK ADAPTING MAX ALLAN COLLINS NOVEL INTO AN AUDIO MOVIE

True Noir:The Assassination of Anton Cermak, an exciting new audio drama from the new company Imagination Connoisseurs Unlimited, made a big splash at Comic-Con International in San Diego over the weekend and Cherry the Geek TV spoke with producers Mike Bawden and Robert Meyer Burnett (who also directed) about the project. The drama is based on the Max Allan Collins (Road to Perdition) crime…

[dixiedrudge]

Zangara Executed - Today In Southern History

20 March 1933   On this date in 1933… Italian immigrant Giuseppe Zangara was executed in Florida’s electric chair for killing Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak and shooting four others in an attempt to assassinate President Franklin D. Roosevelt at an event in Miami. Other Years: 1699 – While explorating up the Mississippi River, French explorer Lemoyne d’Iberville visited the village of the Houma…

[deadpresidents]

Everyone knows about Lincoln and Garfield and McKinley and Kennedy, the quartet of America Presidents who fell victim to assassination. Even the most casual observers of Presidential history can probably name the four Presidents who were murdered while in office, and many even know the names of the four assassins responsible for their deaths: Booth, Guiteau, Czolgosz, and Oswald.

There have also been quite a few (in)famous unsuccessful assassination attempts, where Presidents barely escaped with their lives, that many Americans are familiar with, including (but not limited to):

•Richard Lawrence's miraculously unlucky double misfire on the steps of the U.S. Capitol in 1835 which left Andrew Jackson unharmed but resulted in Lawrence -- who would be found not guilty by reason of insanity -- getting viciously pummeled by the cane-wielding President Jackson until Davy Crockett intervened to save the would-be assassin from the 67-year-old President. •The shooting of former President Theodore Roosevelt in Milwaukee as he sought another term in the White House during the 1912 Presidential election. Despite being shot in the chest, Roosevelt decided to go ahead and deliver his campaign speech before being taken to the hospital where doctors discovered that the bullet lodged inside of TR had first passed through a case for his eyeglasses and the thick pages of his speech in his jacket's pocket, lessening the damage from the gunshot. •The attempted assassination of President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt in Miami in February 1933, just seventeen days in before FDR's Inauguration, which wounded four people and killed Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak. •The ill-fated 1950 attempt by Puerto Rican nationalists to storm Blair House (the temporary Presidential residence during the renovation of the White House) and kill President Harry S. Truman as he was napping. Truman was not hurt, but a White House Police Officer and one of the two assassins were killed during the wild shootout. •President Gerald Ford's trouble with two California women who separately tried to kill him in Sacramento and then San Francisco just two weeks apart in September 1975. •The shocking shooting of President Ronald Reagan in broad daylight from just a few yards away as he exited the Washington Hilton following a speech in March 1981, which left four people wounded and very nearly killed the 70-year-old Reagan just two months into his Presidency.

But what is amazing is that, in this age of instant information and the constant regurgitation of media coverage via the 24-hour news cycle, very few Americans know that there is a man sitting in prison in the former Soviet Republic of Georgia for attempting to assassinate President George W. Bush. What even less Americans realize is how close Vladimir Arutyunian actually came to accomplishing his task.

On May 10, 2005, President Bush spoke to a large crowd at an outdoor rally in Tbilisi, Georgia. In one of the photos at the top of this post, Bush is seen speaking from the stage in Tbilisi. The other photo is of Arutyunian holding a plaid handkerchief close to his chest. Wrapped in that handkerchief was a live hand grenade.

As President Bush spoke, nearby sat his wife, Laura, Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, and the Dutch-born First Lady of Georgia, Sandra Roelofs. They had no idea that, during the speech, Arutyunian tossed his handkerchief-wrapped grenade towards the stage. The grenade landed just 61 feet away from President Bush, well within range of causing serious injury, if not death.

Of course, the grenade did not explode. At first, it was thought to be a dud, but upon closer inspection it was discovered that the only reason the grenade didn't explode was because Arutyunian's handkerchief -- used to conceal the explosive as he stood in the crowd -- was wrapped too tightly around the grenade, preventing the firing pin from deploying. A Georgian security official noticed the grenade, grabbed it quickly and disposed of it as Arutyunian disappeared into the massive crowd and President Bush continued speaking.

After Bush's speech was over and once it was recognized that the President had only narrowly escaped a legitimate attempted assassination, Georgian police worked closely with the United States Secret Service, the FBI, and the U.S. Justice Department to investigate the assassination attempt and find the would-be assassin who seemingly melted into Tbilisi after his brazen, albeit unsuccessful attempt on Bush's life. Using DNA evidence and tips from informants, the Georgian police ultimately tracked down Arutyunian two months later. When they went to arrest Arutyunian, a gunfight broke out and Arutyunian killed Zurab Kvlividze, a top counterterrorism official with Georgia's Interior Ministry. Arutyunian was wounded before finally being captured with the assistance of Georgian Special Forces.

The Georgians tried Arutyunian on the murder of the police officer, as well as the attempted assassinations of President Bush and President Saakshvili. Arutyunian was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole. A federal grand jury in the United States also indicted Arutyunian on the federal charge of the attempted assassination of the President of the United States, which is a felony. The U.S., however, has not attempted nor has any potential plans to extradite the failed assassin from Georgia, and Arutyunian will almost certainly spend the rest of his life in a Georgian prison.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 2.15 (before 1950)

438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus. 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberios III publicly executed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. 1002 – At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles, Arduin of Ivrea is restored to his domains and crowned King of Italy. 1113 – Pope Paschal II issues Pie Postulatio Voluntatis, recognizing the Order of Hospitallers. 1214 – During the Anglo-French War (1213–1214), an English invasion force led by John, King of England, lands at La Rochelle in France. 1493 – While on board the Niña, Christopher Columbus writes an open letter (widely distributed upon his return to Portugal) describing his discoveries and the unexpected items he came across in the New World. 1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor. 1690 – Constantin Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia, and the Holy Roman Empire sign a secret treaty in Sibiu, stipulating that Moldavia would support the actions led by the House of Habsburg against the Ottoman Empire. 1764 – The city of St. Louis is established in Spanish Louisiana (now in Missouri, USA). 1798 – The Roman Republic is proclaimed after Louis-Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded the city of Rome five days earlier. 1835 – Serbia's Sretenje Constitution briefly comes into effect. 1852 – The Helsinki Cathedral (known as St. Nicholas' Church at time) is officially inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland. 1862 – American Civil War: Confederates commanded by Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd attack General Ulysses S. Grant's Union forces besieging Fort Donelson in Tennessee. Unable to break the fort's encirclement, the Confederates surrender the following day. 1870 – Stevens Institute of Technology is founded in New Jersey, US, and offers the first Bachelor of Engineering degree in mechanical engineering. 1879 – Women's rights: US President Rutherford B. Hayes signs a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States. 1898 – The battleship USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor in Cuba, killing about 274 of the ship's roughly 354 crew. The disaster pushes the United States to declare war on Spain. 1899 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia issues a declaration known as the February Manifesto, which reduces the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland, thus beginning the first period of oppression. 1909 – The Flores Theater fire in Acapulco, Mexico kills 250. 1923 – Greece becomes the last European country to adopt the Gregorian calendar. 1925 – The 1925 serum run to Nome: The second delivery of serum arrives in Nome, Alaska. 1933 – In Miami, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to assassinate US President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead shoots Chicago mayor Anton J. Cermak, who dies of his wounds on March 6. 1942 – World War II: Fall of Singapore. Following an assault by Japanese forces, the British General Arthur Percival surrenders. About 80,000 Indian, United Kingdom and Australian soldiers become prisoners of war, the largest surrender of British-led military personnel in history. 1944 – World War II: The assault on Monte Cassino, Italy begins. 1944 – World War II: The Narva Offensive begins. 1945 – World War II: Third day of bombing in Dresden. 1946 – ENIAC, the first electronic general-purpose computer, is formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. 1949 – Gerald Lankester Harding and Roland de Vaux begin excavations at Cave 1 of the Qumran Caves, where they will eventually discover the first seven Dead Sea Scrolls.

[bobmccullochny]

History

February 15, 1898 - In Havana, the U.S. Battleship Maine was blown up while at anchor and quickly sank with 260 crew members lost. The incident inflamed public opinion in the U.S., resulting in a declaration of war against Spain on April 25, 1898, amid cries of "Remember the Maine!"

February 15, 1933 - An assassination attempt on newly elected U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt occurred in Miami, Florida. A spectator deflected the gunman's aim. As a result, Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was shot and killed instead. The gunman, an Italian immigrant, was captured and later sentenced to death.

February 15, 1989 - Soviet Russia completed its military withdrawal from Afghanistan after nine years of unsuccessful involvement in the civil war between Muslim rebel groups and the Russian-backed Afghan government. Over 15,000 Russian soldiers had been killed in the fighting.

Birthday - Astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was born in Pisa, Italy. He was the first astronomer to use a telescope and advanced the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system.

Birthday - Inventor Cyrus McCormick (1809-1884) was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He invented the horse-drawn mechanical reaper, a machine that freed farmers from hard labor and contributed to the development and cultivation of vast areas of the American Great Plains.

Birthday - Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) was born in Adams, Massachusetts. A pioneer in women's rights, she worked tirelessly for woman's suffrage (right to vote) and in 1872 was arrested after voting (illegally) in the presidential election. She was commemorated in 1979 with the Susan B. Anthony dollar coin, thus became the first American woman to have her image on a U.S. coin.

[gonzalo-obes]

IMAGENES Y DATOS INTERESANTES DEL DIA 15 DE FEBRERO DE 2024

Día Internacional del Niño con Cáncer, Día Mundial de la Antropología, Día Internacional de Visegrád, Día Mundial de la Colangiocarcinoma, Día Internacional del Síndrome de Angelman, Día Mundial del Hipopótamo, Año Internacional de los Camélidos.

Santa Georgia, Santa Jovita y Santa Ágape.

Tal día como hoy en el año 1989

Siguiendo las órdenes del presidente Mijail Gorbachov, la Unión Soviética retira sus últimas tropas de ocupación del vecino país de Afganistán, tras permanecer en él desde 1979. Más de 15.000 soldados soviéticos han perdido sus vidas. (Hace 35 años)

1942

En el marco de la II Guerra mundial, la teóricamente inexpugnable por sus armas defensivas, Singapur, se rinde a las fuerzas japonesas. Sus defensas dirigen proyectiles en trayectoria plana para hacer mella en la flota enemiga pero no están preparadas para defenderse de un ataque terrestre en el norte de la isla. La rendición se firma ante el general Tomoyuki Yamashita a las 18:10 en la fábrica de Ford en la colina Bukit Timah. Las fuerzas británicas reciben así una de sus más importantes derrotas. La mayoría de los 130.000 soldados aliados capturados morirán más tarde mientras permanecen en cautividad. (Hace 82 años)

1933

Franklin D. Roosevelt, que ha ganado recientemente las elecciones a la presidencia de Estados Unidos por primera vez y a pocos días de asumir el cargo, recorre Miami en un descapotable, cuando el albañil Giuseppe Zangara le dispara con un revólver calibre 32. Zangara yerra los dos tiros que logra hacer, pero, sin embargo, hieren al alcalde de Chicago, Anton Cermak, que acompaña al presidente electo. Cermak morirá tres semanas más tarde. (Hace 91 años)

1898

En el puerto de La Habana (Cuba), a las 21:40 h, el crucero norteamericano Maine salta en pedazos por una explosión en su proa que causa la muerte a 264 marineros y 2 oficiales. A pesar de que la mayoría de oficiales destinados a investigar el caso considerarán la explosión como consecuencia de una combustión espontánea de polvo de carbón en el interior del barco, el presidente estadounidense McKinley iniciará los preparativos bélicos. La denominada Guerra de Cuba, entre Estados Unidos y España está a punto de comenzar. (Hace 126 años)

1819

El Congreso de Angostura (hoy Ciudad Bolívar, al este de Venezuela) elige a Simón Bolívar como Presidente de la República de Colombia y como Vicepresidente a Francisco de Paula Santander. La República comprende Venezuela, Nueva Granada (actual Colombia) y Quito, que permanecerá hasta 1830. El principal cometido del Congreso, es dotar a Venezuela de una Carta Fundamental, la cual se promulgará en agosto. (Hace 205 años)

1763

Austria, Prusia y Sajonia, sellan la Paz de Hübertusburgo que marca el final de la conocida como Guerra de los Siete Años, por medio de la cual Prusia se anexiona la región de Silesia. Con ello Prusia se convierte en gran potencia europea bajo el mandato de Federico II el Grande, que saldrá con una posición claramente robustecida. (Hace 261 años)

[fdrlibrary]

On This Day - February 15, 1933

Assassination Attempt of President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt

One of Zangara's bullets wounded William Sinnott, a detective guarding FDR during his Miami visit. Sinnott later donated the bullet to the Roosevelt Library: MO 1946.81.

“I’m all right! I’m all right!

- Roosevelt to the shocked crowd after the assassination attempt.

The attack took place at a rally for the President-elect at Miami's Bay Front Park. After speaking to a crowd from atop the back seat of an open car, FDR slid down into his seat. Suddenly, gunshots rang out. A deranged unemployed bricklayer named Guiseppe Zangara fired five bullets at FDR from close range. A bystander deflected his hand, but Zangara wounded four people and fatally shot Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak.

(http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002709547/)

Roosevelt rebuffed Secret Service agents who wanted to drive him to safety. He had Cermak placed in his car and comforted him as they raced to a hospital. FDR's quiet courage made a powerful impression on the nation. Under questioning, Zangara professed hatred for "all officials and everybody who is rich." Convicted of Cermak's murder, he was executed on March 20.

Guiseppe Zangara in the Dade County (Florida) Jail, February 16, 1933.