#Alpr Vehicle Cameras

[fionayao2008]

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[dontmeantobepoliticalbut]

Seventy-one California police agencies in 22 counties must immediately stop sharing automated license plate reader (ALPR) data with law enforcement agencies in other states because it violates California law and could enable prosecution of abortion seekers and providers elsewhere, three civil liberties groups demanded Thursday in letters to those agencies.

The letters from the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California (ACLU NorCal), and the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California (ACLU SoCal) gave the agencies a deadline of June 15 to comply and respond. A months-long EFF investigation involving hundreds of public records requests uncovered that many California police departments share records containing detailed driving profiles of local residents with out-of-state agencies.

ALPR camera systems collect and store location information about drivers, including dates, times, and locations. This sensitive information can reveal where individuals work, live, associate, worship—or seek reproductive health services and other medical care.

“ALPRs invade people’s privacy and violate the rights of entire communities, as they often are deployed in poor and historically overpoliced areas regardless of crime rates,” said EFF Staff Attorney Jennifer Pinsof. “Sharing ALPR data with law enforcement in states that criminalize abortion undermines California’s extensive efforts to protect reproductive health privacy.”

The letters note how the nation’s legal landscape has changed in the past year.

“Particularly since the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which overturned Roe v. Wade, ALPR technology and the information it collects is vulnerable to exploitation against people seeking, providing, and facilitating access to abortion,” the letters say. “Law enforcement officers in anti-abortion jurisdictions who receive the locations of drivers collected by California-based ALPRs may seek to use that information to monitor abortion clinics and the vehicles seen around them and closely track the movements of abortion seekers and providers. This threatens even those obtaining or providing abortions in California, since several anti-abortion states plan to criminalize and prosecute those who seek or assist in out-of-state abortions.”

Idaho, for example, has enacted a law that makes helping a pregnant minor get an abortion in another state punishable by two to five years in prison.

The agencies that received the demand letters have shared ALPR data with law enforcement agencies across the country, including agencies in states with abortion restrictions including Alabama, Idaho, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas. Since 2016, sharing any ALPR data with out-of-state or federal law enforcement agencies is a violation of the California Civil Code (SB 34). Nevertheless, many agencies continue to use services such as Vigilant Solutions or Flock Safety to make the ALPR data they capture available to out-of-state and federal agencies.

California law enforcement’s sharing of ALPR data with law enforcement in states that criminalize abortion also undermines California’s extensive efforts to protect reproductive health privacy, specifically a 2022 law (AB 1242) prohibiting state and local agencies from providing abortion-related information to out-of-state agencies.

For one of the new letters from EFF, ACLU NorCal, and ACLU SoCal: https://eff.org/document/sample-alpr-demand-letter-tracy-police-department

For information on how ALPRs threaten abortion access: https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/09/automated-license-plate-readers-threaten-abortion-access-heres-how-policymakers

For general information about ALPRs: https://www.eff.org/pages/automated-license-plate-readers-alpr

Agencies that received the demand letters include:

• Alhambra Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Antioch Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• Arcadia Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Beaumont Police Department (Riverside County)

• Brawley Police Department (Imperial County)

• Brentwood Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• Buena Park Police Department (Orange County)

• Burbank Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Chino Police Department (San Bernardino County)

• Clovis Police Department (Fresno County)

• Cypress Police Department (Orange County)

• Desert Hot Springs Police Department (Riverside County)

• Downey Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• El Centro Police Department (Imperial County)

• El Dorado County Sheriff's Office (El Dorado County)

• Escondido Police Department (San Diego County)

• Folsom Police Department (Sacramento County)

• Fontana Police Department (San Bernardino County)

• Fountain Valley Police Department (Orange County)

• Garden Grove Police Department (Orange County)

• Gilroy Police Department (Santa Clara County)

• Hemet Police Department (Riverside County)

• Hercules Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• Hermosa Beach Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Humboldt County Sheriff's Office (Humboldt County)

• Imperial County Sheriff's Office (Imperial County)

• Imperial Police Department (Imperial County)

• Kern County Sheriff's Office (Kern County)

• Kings County Sheriff's Office (Kings County)

• La Habra Police Department (Orange County)

• La Palma Police Department (Orange County)

• Laguna Beach Police Department (Orange County)

• Lincoln Police Department (Placer County)

• Lodi Police Department (San Joaquin County)

• Madera Police Department (Madera County)

• Manteca Police Department (San Joaquin County)

• Menifee Police Department (Riverside County)

• Merced Police Department (Merced County)

• Montebello Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Monterey Park Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Murrieta Police Department (Riverside County)

• Novato Police Department (Marin County)

• Oakley Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• Ontario Police Department (San Bernardino County)

• Orange County Sheriff's Department (Orange County)

• Orange Police Department (Orange County)

• Oxnard Police Department (Ventura County)

• Palm Springs Police Department (Riverside County)

• Palos Verdes Estates Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Pasadena Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Pittsburg Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• Rio Vista Police Department (Solano County)

• Ripon Police Department (San Joaquin County)

• Riverside County Sheriff's Department (Riverside County)

• San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department (San Bernardino County)

• San Bernardino Police Department (San Bernardino County)

• San Joaquin County Sheriff's Office (San Joaquin County)

• San Pablo Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• San Rafael Police Department (Marin County)

• San Ramon Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• Seal Beach Police Department (Orange County)

• Simi Valley Police Department (Ventura County)

• Stockton Police Department (San Joaquin County)

• Torrance Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Tracy Police Department (San Joaquin County)

• Tustin Police Department (Orange County)

• Walnut Creek Police Department (Contra Costa County)

• West Covina Police Department (Los Angeles County)

• Westminster Police Department (Orange County)

• Westmorland Police Department (Imperial County)

• Woodland Police Department (Yolo County)

That’s 71 agencies in 22 counties:

• 12 in Orange County

• 11 in Los Angeles County

• 8 in Contra Costa County

• 7 in Riverside County

• 6 in San Joaquin County

• 5 in San Bernardino County

• 5 in Imperial County

• 2 in Ventura County

• 2 in Marin County

• 1 each in El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Placer, Sacramento, San Diego, Santa Clara, Solano, and Yolo counties

[mariacallous]

In the 1990s, London built the Ring of Steel—a network of concrete barriers, checkpoints, and thousands of video cameras around the historic City of London—after bombings by the Irish Republican Army. The idea was to monitor everyone entering and leaving the Square Mile, what the The New York Times later called “fortress urbanism.”

After the September 11, 2001, attacks, city planners looking to defend New York from terrorism turned to London and fortress urbanism for inspiration. Fusion centers, where US law enforcement agencies share intelligence at a federal level to be analyzed and build a bigger picture of crime, had been around for a few years. But officials began asking, what if fusion centers could be localized? What if local law enforcement could analyze and gather masses of intelligence from one city?

In 2005, they answered with the first “real-time crime center” (RTCC), a sprawling network of CCTV and automatic license plate readers (ALPR) linked to a central hub in the New York Police Department headquarters costing $11 million. Since then, from Miami to Seattle, RTCCs have steadily expanded across the US. The Atlas of Surveillance, a project from the digital rights nonprofit the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), which monitors police surveillance technology, has counted 123 RTCCs nationwide—and that number is rising.

Each RTCC is slightly different, but their function is the same: gather surveillance data across a city and use that to build a live picture of crime in the city. Police departments have an array of technologies available to them that span from CCTV, gunshot sensors, and social media monitoring to drones and body cameras. In Ogden, Utah, police even floated the idea of a 30-foot “crime blimp.” In many cases, images that police systems collect are run through facial recognition technology, and the data gathered is often used in predictive policing. In Pasco County, Florida, which operates an RTCC, the sheriff’s office’s predictive policing system encouraged officers to continuously monitor and harass residents for minor code violations such as missing mailbox numbers and overgrown grass.

Erik Lavigne is a detective at the Fort Worth Police Department in Texas and communications director at the National RTCC Association. He says there has been a boom in RTCCs over the past year because officers believe they help with more precise policing. He likens the scattered approach to policing in previous years to throwing out a fishnet and hoping to catch something. “For what we had at the time, that worked. But what inevitably happens is, you end up alienating the community because you're not just stopping the bad guys, you're also stopping innocent people that are just trying to live their lives,” he says. “A real-time crime center is a scalpel. We aren't catching the wrong people anymore.”

Lavigne says RTCCs are also a cheaper alternative to hiring more boots on the ground because each camera becomes, in effect, a stationary officer keeping watch over an area. Lavigne says this has proved so effective that analysts at RTCCs have been recording more crime than they can deal with, and  the Fort Worth RTCC has significantly helped decrease vehicle thefts.

Most evidence for RTCC effectiveness, however, is anecdotal, and there is a real lack of studies into how effective they really are. In Detroit, a National Institute of Justice study concluded that Project Green Light—a part of the Detroit Police Department RTCC that established cameras at more than 550 locations, including schools, churches, private businesses, and health centers—helped decrease property violence in some areas but did nothing to prevent violent and other crimes. But police departments argue they do work.

Few people know RTCCs even exist, let alone the extent of the surveillance they entail, so they can receive little public scrutiny and often operate without much oversight. There have long been concerns around how surveillance technologies could affect First and Fourth Amendment rights in the US, but Beryl Lipton, an investigative researcher at the EFF, says RTCCs “hyper-charge” these worries by collating all this data in one place.

“It’s perpetuating this mass collection of people's private information from a whole bunch of different video streams,” Lipton says. “They're really lowering the bar on the ways police can access that information … When there are these types of large databases without proper audit and oversight mechanisms, law enforcement officials and individuals can use them for their own purposes, which can be very scary.”

Regulations around the storage and usage of this data are patchy at best. For example, RTCC-collected data may be shared across jurisdictions because third parties contracted for the hardware or software will also collect data and share it, Lipton says. “Some of these companies will, in good faith, delete data in accordance with retention schedules, but we've seen them not do that,” she says. “With large databases like license plate reader databases, that information is sometimes shared without police departments realizing it and in violation of jurisdictional rules.”

While companies will argue this data is being stored securely, this is no guarantee. In 2020, hackers stole internal memos, financial records, and more from over 200 local, state, and federal agencies from web development firm Netsential, which provided data storage for fusion centers across the US. The trove of leaked data later became known as #BlueLeaks.

“There are real concerns around having this amount of information stored somewhere,” says Lipton, “I have no reason to believe these are somehow more secure systems than we have in other situations. And we know that those get breached all the time, law enforcement agencies in this country get hacked all the time.”

Lipton’s biggest worry is that this ability to follow people remotely and share that data across state lines could instead be used to target people involved in protests and political organizing, which has already happened, or those accessing reproductive health care. “Those issues become compounded because there’s the frightening ‘real time’ element to it,” she says. “That means that if you leave your house, there’s a very good chance that law enforcement could jump into a feed that is just following you around.”

In addition to police setting up their own technology, RTCCs draw on wider existing surveillance networks. Cooperation of public institutions like schools and colleges and privately owned cameras have been crucial to developing RTCCs by giving officers access to cameras that might otherwise need a warrant. In Atlanta, which has seen the number of cameras integrated into their RTCC treble to 15,329 in the past year, four higher-education institutions—Clark Atlanta University, Spelman College, Morehouse College, and the Morehouse School of Medicine—installed $700,000 worth of cameras, including five ALPRs, that were linked to the Atlanta RTCC.

Fusus, which claims to be “the most widely used & trusted Real-Time Crime Center platform in U.S. Public Safety,” sells hardware that can be connected to private CCTV cameras and linked up to the local RTCC. Fusus sells a solution that brings all the various technologies under “a single pane of glass,” as the company describes it. Through partnerships with companies that provide surveillance technology, including a $21 million investment from Axon, which produces Tasers and body cams, Fusus promises to integrate these technologies into one RTCC platform for analysts.

Police departments that use Fusus, like the Memphis Police Department, have been encouraging homeowners and local businesses to purchase fususCORE bundles—hardware that connects cameras to an RTCC—ranging from $350 to $7,300, plus an annual $150 subscription. Fusus has even gone as far as developing technology that allows Amazon’s Ring doorbells to livestream to an RTCC.

Amid a push for policing to harness new technologies and become “smarter,” Lipton is quick to point out that more technology doesn’t necessarily equal smarter. “It almost always just means that they're going to keep heavily policing poor and minority areas,” she says. Despite Lavigne’s claims that RTCCs mean the wrong people aren’t getting arrested anymore, in a recent lawsuit, the New Orleans Police Department was sued for arresting a Black man after watching him for 15 minutes through their RTCC and wrongly concluding he had a gun. The department ultimately settled for $10,000 in damages.

Lipton believes relentless surveillance is an infringement of citizens rights and would like to see the use of these technologies limited—aside from facial recognition, which she says should be banned. “There are certain elements we just shouldn't be using at all,” she says. “We should never be applying facial recognition to almost anything … As soon as you apply any really individualizing technology like that, I mean, it's kind of over for people's privacy.” Communities and organizations like EFF and ACLU have been arguing for Community Control Over Police Surveillance (CCOPS) laws that bring surveillance technologies under the control of elected officials and communities. Cities like Oakland have found success with this, but without nationwide restrictions, the rise of RTCCs will likely continue on the periphery of the public eye.

[johnrgeer9]

PaybyPlateMa – Pay Online Toll Bill at Paybyplatema.com

Tolling Infrastructure: PayByPlateMA relies on a robust tolling infrastructure to effectively collect tolls. This infrastructure includes a network of ALPR cameras strategically placed at tolling points, gantries, or overhead structures. These cameras capture high-resolution images of license plates as vehicles pass through, ensuring accurate identification for toll collection.

Toll Pricing and Discounts: PayByPlateMA systems typically offer a range of toll pricing options based on factors such as vehicle type, time of day, and distance traveled. Some systems may also provide discounts or incentives for frequent travelers, carpools, or electric vehicles to promote sustainable transportation choices.

Integration with Existing Payment Methods: In addition to credit cards and bank accounts, PayByPlateMA systems may integrate with existing payment methods such as electronic toll transponders or smartphone-based payment apps. This allows drivers to choose the payment method that best suits their preferences and convenience.

Customer Support: PayByPlateMA systems typically provide customer support channels to assist users with any inquiries or issues they may encounter. This can include a dedicated customer service hotline, email support, or live chat options. Tolling agencies strive to ensure that users have access to prompt and reliable assistance when needed.

Data Security and Privacy: PayByPlateMA systems are designed with robust data security and privacy measures in place. License plate and transaction data are treated with utmost confidentiality and protected against unauthorized access or misuse. Tolling agencies adhere to strict data protection regulations and industry best practices to ensure the security of user information.

Future Developments: As technology continues to evolve, PayByPlateMA systems are likely to see further advancements. This may include the integration of emerging technologies such as vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, allowing for seamless toll payments without the need for physical tolling points. Additionally, advancements in AI and machine learning may enhance the accuracy and efficiency of ALPR systems, further improving the overall user experience.

International Adoption: PayByPlateMA systems have gained recognition globally, and similar electronic tolling systems are being implemented in various countries worldwide. These systems may have different names, but they share the common goal of streamlining toll payments and enhancing transportation efficiency.

[technology-tours]

The Evolution and Impact of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)

Introduction: Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR), also known as Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR), is a technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates. ANPR systems can be used in various applications, including law enforcement, electronic toll collection, parking management, and traffic monitoring. This technology has revolutionized the way vehicle identification and tracking are carried out, offering a wide range of benefits and raising important questions about privacy and data security.

Understanding ANPR: ANPR is a technology that utilizes optical character recognition to extract alphanumeric characters from vehicle registration plates. This process involves capturing images of license plates using specialized cameras and processing the images to identify and record the license plate details.

Applications of ANPR: ANPR technology finds application in various domains, including law enforcement for vehicle tracking and identification, electronic toll collection for seamless and efficient toll management, parking management for automated entry and exit, and traffic monitoring for enhanced surveillance and regulation.

Technology Behind ANPR: The core of ANPR technology lies in the use of high-resolution cameras with infrared illumination to capture clear images of license plates. These images are then processed using advanced algorithms to enhance image quality, extract license plate characters, and compare them with a database of known license plates for identification and verification.

Benefits of ANPR: The adoption of ANPR technology has led to numerous benefits, including improved law enforcement capabilities, efficient toll collection, streamlined parking management, and enhanced traffic monitoring. The technology has significantly contributed to the automation and optimization of various processes, leading to increased operational efficiency and accuracy.

Privacy and Security Concerns: The widespread use of ANPR technology has raised concerns about privacy and data security. The collection and storage of vehicle movement data, as well as the potential for misuse or unauthorized access to this information, have sparked debates about the ethical and legal implications of ANPR technology.

Future Developments: The future of ANPR technology holds promise for further advancements in image processing algorithms, integration with other systems, and the impact of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence. These developments are expected to enhance the capabilities and applications of ANPR, while also necessitating a proactive approach to address privacy and security concerns.

Case Studies: Real-world examples of successful ANPR implementations can shed light on the practical benefits and challenges associated with the technology. Case studies can illustrate how ANPR has been instrumental in law enforcement operations, toll collection systems, parking facilities, and traffic management, showcasing its tangible impact on various sectors.

Regulatory Landscape: The existing regulations and guidelines governing the use of ANPR technology, along with the need for ethical and transparent practices in its deployment, are crucial aspects that warrant attention. Balancing the potential of ANPR with the protection of individual privacy rights and data security is essential for responsible implementation.

Public Perception: Understanding public attitudes toward ANPR technology is vital, especially in addressing concerns about surveillance, data privacy, and the ethical use of the technology. Engaging in open dialogue and transparency can help bridge the gap between the potential benefits of ANPR and the apprehensions surrounding its deployment.

[sleepysera]

"However, purchasing a burner phone anonymously will be tricky. Actions taken in the real world can be used to identify you in the virtual world. Sure, I could walk into Walmart and pay cash for a burner phone and one hundred minutes of airtime. Who would know? Well, lots of people would. First, how did I get to Walmart? Did I take an Uber car? Did I take a taxi? These records can all be subpoenaed. I could drive my own car, but law enforcement uses automatic license plate recognition technology (ALPR) in large public parking lots to look for missing and stolen vehicles as well as people on whom there are outstanding warrants. The ALPR records can be subpoenaed. Even if I walked to Walmart, once I entered the store my face would be visible on several security cameras within the store itself, and that video can be subpoenaed. Okay, so let's say I send someone else to the store--someone I don't know, maybe a homeless person I hired on the spot. That person walks in and buys the phone and several data refill cards with cash. That would be the safest approach. Maybe you arrange to meet this person later away from the store. This would help physically distance yourself from the actual sales transaction. In this case the weakest link could still be the person you sent--how trustworthy is he? If you pay him more than the value of the phone, he will probably be happy to deliver the phone as promised."

-Kevin Mitnick, The Art of Invisibility (2017)

[mikeandy071]

Touchless Access Control Solutions For Apartment And Offices

We all are much familiar with the disease COVID 19 nowadays. The whole world is suffering from this disease and the only way to fight with it is, stay away from one another or it's better to stay at home.

 But wait, we know that soon this lockdown will get over and we have to go to offices or other working places. In these places, if you have noticed, you have to put a finger on an access control system, and hence the chances of spreading the disease increases.

 Then what can we do?

 The only way to get rid of this is Touchless Access Control Solutions For Apartments And Offices

 1. ANPR Based Visitors Vehicle Management Solutions

 ANPR which stands for Automatic Number Plate Recognition is one of the steps of touchless access control solutions. With the help of which you don't have to check every car manually, you can do your work sitting inside the office. ANPR will handle everything, from taking pictures of the cars which are crossing it's way to managing parking spaces.

 2. RFID Based Vehicle Management

 For the security of Goods and vehicles, RFID is really very necessary nowadays. Also, if you want to be safe in this situation with which we all are familiar then it is one of the best option.

 Not just one or two but RFID has a number of benefits like:

 ●     The RFID tag is written/read

●     The Data of RFID is totally encrypted

●     It doesn't require line of sight

●     The tags IN RFID have the capability to store more data

●     The Tags of RFID can be printed easily

 3. Face Recognition Based Visitor Management System

 You can put the system of each of your employees at a distance but have you changed the access which uses fingerprints for entry purposes.

 In place of having a fingerprint system, it would be better if you will replace that with a Face recognition system.

 Final Saying…

 The time which we all are going through is really tough and hence we all should take necessary steps so that we can fight with it together.

[tastydregs]

The danger of license plate readers in post-Roe America

Enlarge / A license-plate reader in California.

Since the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade last month, America’s extensive surveillance state could soon be turned against those seeking abortions or providing abortion care.

Currently, nine states have almost entirely banned abortion, and more are expected to follow suit. Many Republican lawmakers in these states are discussing the possibility of preventing people from traveling across state lines to obtain an abortion. If such plans are enacted and withstand legal scrutiny, one of the key technologies that could be deployed to track people trying to cross state lines is automated license plate readers (ALPRs). They’re employed heavily by police forces across the US, but they’re also used by private actors.

ALPRs are cameras that are mounted on street poles, overpasses, and elsewhere that can identify and capture license plate numbers on passing cars for the purpose of issuing speeding tickets and tolls, locating stolen cars, and more. State and local police maintain databases of captured license plates and frequently use those databases in criminal investigations.

The police have access to not only license plate data collected by their own ALPRs but also data gathered by private companies. Firms like Flock Safety and Motorola Solutions have their own networks of ALPRs that are mounted to the vehicles of private companies and organizations they work with, such as car repossession outfits. Flock, for instance, claims it’s collecting license plate data in roughly 1,500 cities and can capture data from over a billion vehicles every month.

“They have fleets of cars that have ALPRs on them that just suck up data. They sell that to various clients, including repo firms and government agencies. They also sell them to police departments,” says Jay Stanley, a senior policy analyst at the ACLU. “It’s a giant, nationwide mass surveillance system. That obviously has serious implications should interstate travel become part of forced-birth enforcement.”

In a statement to WIRED, a Flock Safety spokesperson said the company does not provide customer data to third parties. “We will never share or sell customer data to any third parties. While we cannot speak for any other vendors, we have never and will never sell data to repossession companies or third-party organizations, including anti-abortion groups," the company said.

However, anyone can become a first party by purchasing the company's cameras. (Its customers often include neighborhoods and home owners associations.) Flock Safety says its cameras are installed in more than 1,500 cities in 42 states, which are connected to Flock's centralized camera network. A March 2021 Vice investigation based on Flock-related emails obtained from nearly 20 police departments allows anyone who administers a Flock camera to “make the data Flock captures available to, say, the police, the home owner association's board, or the individual members of an entire neighborhood.” In addition to private customers, Flock has also reportedly partnered with hundreds of police departments across the US.

Motorola Solutions did not respond to a request for comment prior to publication.

[icymirss]

You might have heard of automatic license plate recognition -- known as ALPR (or ANPR in the U.K. for number plates). These cameras are dotted across the U.S., and are controlled mostly by police departments and government agencies to track license plates -- and people -- from place to place. In doing so, they can reveal where you live, where you go and who you see. Considered a massive invasion of privacy by many and legally questionable by some, there are tens of thousands of ALPR readers across the U.S. collectively reading and recording thousand of license plates -- and locations -- every minute, the ACLU says, becoming one of the new and emerging forms of mass surveillance in the U.S. But some cameras are connected to the internet, and are easily identifiable. Worse, some are leaking sensitive data about vehicles and their drivers -- and many have weak security protections that make them easily accessible.

[pime]

The Irvine Company—a real estate company that operates malls and mini-malls in Irvine, La Jolla, Newport Beach, Redwood City, San Jose, Santa Clara and Sunnyvale—has been conducting the ALPR surveillance since just before Christmas 2016, according to an ALPR Usage and Privacy Policy published on its website (archived version). The policy does not say which of its shopping centers use the technology, only disclosing that the company and its contractors operates ALPRs at “one or more” of its locations. Automated license plate recognition is a form of mass surveillance in which cameras capture images of license plates, convert the plate into plaintext characters, and append a time, date, and GPS location. This data is usually fed into a database, allowing the operator to search for a particular vehicle’s travel patterns or identify visitors to a particular location. By adding certain vehicles to a “hot list,” an ALPR operator can receive near-real time alerts on a person’s whereabouts. EFF contacted the Irvine Company with a series of questions about the surveillance program, including which malls deploy ALPRs and how much data has been collected and shared about its customers and employees. After accepting the questions via phone, Irvine Company did not provide further response or answer questions.

California Shopping Centers Are Spying for an ICE Contractor

[mostlysignssomeportents]

#1yrago Here's the secret details of 200 cities' license-plate tracking programs

The Electronic Frontier Foundation and Muckrock teamed up to use the Freedom of Information Act to extract the details of 200 US cities' Automated License Plate Recognition camera programs (ALPR), and today they've released a dataset containing all the heretofore secret data on how these programs are administered and what is done with the data they collect.

All told, these programs account for 2.5 billion license plate scans, in which 95% of the vehicles scanned were not under suspicion of any wrongdoing. The data collected in each program was shared with an average of 160 other agencies.

Urban law-enforcement surveillance programs are shrouded in secrecy. EFF has successfully assisted community activists in Oakland in the passage of the best-in-class transparency rules for new surveillance programs, and where cities do not voluntarily disclose their street-level surveillance, EFF is working to force them to do so.

https://boingboing.net/2018/11/15/find-yourself-a-city-to-live-i.html

[i-hls]

Revolution in Suspect Vehicle Detection

Automated license plate readers (ALPRs) are a specialized camera often mounted on police cars that can scan at speeds of up to 60 plates per second in order to detect suspect vehicle. Those scans are compared against what law enforcement usually dubs a "hot list" before alerting the officer to the

https://i-hls.com/archives/83090

[shrutech]

Market Dynamics- Drivers Growing concerns for parking facilities are expected to drive growth of the global off-street parking management system market during the forecast period Increasing the population worldwide has increased the demand for new vehicles on the road, thereby resulting in increased traffic congestion. Furthermore, parking convenience is crucial and hence, parking facilities are becoming the main point of concern across nations. Rising demand for parking spaces, effective traffic management, and facilities that offer viable travel and parking options to consumers are expected to boost the demand for enhanced parking facilities. According to Coherent Market Insights’ analysis, car parc size in China is estimated to be around 200 Mn units as compared to 262 Mn units for the U.S., by 2020. Moreover, rapidly increasing motorization due to rising population are other factors expected to drive growth of the global off-street parking management system market in the near future. Increasing vehicle-in-use is expected to propel the global off-street parking management system market growth over the forecast period Growing concerns regarding safe and obstacle-free walking space for pedestrians is another factor boosting the demand for off-street parking facilities. As a result of this, concerns towards the construction of parking garages and lots. Moreover, increasing car parc size has a direct impact on utilization of parking spaces in various nations. Thus, these factors are expected to propel the market growth over the forecast period.Market Dynamics- Restraints High initial deployment cost is expected to restrain growth of the global off-street parking management system market during the forecast period Initial deployment cost of off-street parking management systems is comparatively higher than on-street parking. This is typically due to high cost of products such as automated paying stations, validation systems, connected entry/exit terminals, wirelessly connected computer systems and sensors, and total cost installation. Furthermore, off-street parking includes high construction costs, which in turn, is expected to restrain growth of the global off-street parking management system market in the near future. Low availability of parking spaces is expected to hinder the global off-street parking management system market growth over the forecast period Growing vehicle parking across the globe has led to demand for more available parking spaces primarily in countries such as Canada, China, and a few other European countries. This is owing to growth of commercial sectors, increased travel, and rising demand for safe and improved parking solutions. Furthermore, the demand for land availability is increasing rapidly, in order to mitigate the rising demand for parking space and parking management solutions. Thus, these factors are expected to hinder the global off-street parking management system growth over the forecast period.Get HOLISTIC Request Sample Copy:https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/3805 Market Opportunities Rising demand for flexible payment solutions can provide major business opportunities Consumers are increasingly preferring solutions that offer a wide range of payment options with ease of payment. Furthermore, consumers are gradually shifting to e-payment options across the globe. Rising trend of real-time communication due to increased smartphone usage is expected to boost the demand for flexible payment solutions among users in the near future. Market players can capitalize on such opportunities and enhance their market revenue. Collaboration with local government offices can provide significant growth opportunities Many companies in the market are focused on collaboration activities with local governments, in order to develop infrastructure for future projects such as e-mobility and smart city. For instance, in April 2015, Swarco AG entered into a contract with the City of Timisoara, Romania, to implement a traffic management system and video surveillance. Moreover, there have been long-term agreements between international players and local governments for the development of parking management solutions. Market Trends Advancements in existing technologies and services is a major trend in the market Manufacturers and solution providers in the market are focused on investing in research and development activities, in order to upgrade existing systems and develop newer technologies so as to adhere to safety regulations associated with specific regions. Demand for effective parking management solutions, which include payment methods, dynamic parking guidance systems, and enforcement methods are fueling growth of the market in the near future. Rising preference for automated parking systems is another major trend in the market Commuters are increasingly preferring automated parking systems, especially in urban areas, owing to increased traffic congestion, preference for convenience, and time optimization. Furthermore, increased safety of parked vehicles is expected to drive growth of the global off-street parking management system market. Moreover, new technologies for vehicle occupancy detection, real-time information access, and mobile applications for parking guidance and slot management are gaining traction among new as well as established companies operating in the parking management market space. Competitive Section Major companies involved in the global off-street parking management system market are Nortech Control Systems Limited, 3M Co., Swarco AG, Cubic Corporation, Amano Corporation, Kudelski Group (SKIDATA AG), TIBA Parking LLC, IBM Corporation, Kapsch TrafficCom AG, and Xerox Corporation. Key players in the market are focused on product development, in order to expand the product portfolio. For instance, in February 2019, Nortech Control Systems Limited, introduced a new 8 Series detector range, next-gen ANPR Access V2 automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) camera system, and variable message sign (VMS) system.Buy This Business Report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/buy-now/3805 A parking management system automates a car parking system by optimizing parking space and making the process efficient. It provides real-time car parking information such as available slots display, vehicle & slots count, reserved parking, easy payments, pay-and-park options, reports, and more.

[lexcrimepor]

Week 6

Definitions

Video Management Software

A video management software is a component of a security camera system that in general: Collects video from cameras and other sources. It provides an interface to both view the live video, and access recorded video.

PTZ Camera

Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) is a name given to a type of IP camera where the user can control the movement and position of the lens from a remote location using controls on an Internet browser or software application. Panning refers to horizontal movement of the lens where tilting describes vertical movement

Video Analytics

Video analytics is a technology that processes a digital video signal using a special algorithm to perform a security-related function.

Metadata

Metadata is data that describes other data. Metadata summarizes basic information about data, which can make finding and working with particular instances of data easier.

Encoder

Encoders convert motion to an electrical signal that can be read by some type of control device in a motion control system, such as a counter or PLC. The encoder sends a feedback signal that can be used to determine position, count, speed, or direction.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network or Internet connection. It measures how much data can be sent over a specific connection in a given amount of time.

ALPR

Automated license plate readers (ALPRs) are high-speed, computer-controlled camera systems that are typically mounted on street poles, streetlights, highway overpasses, mobile trailers, or attached to police squad cars. ALPRs automatically capture all license plate numbers that come into view, along with the location, date, and time. The data, which includes photographs of the vehicle and sometimes its driver and passengers, is then uploaded to a central server.

Video Intercoms

Stand-alone intercom system used to manage calls made at the entrance to a building (residential complex, detached family home, workplace, etc.) with access controlled by audiovisual communication between the inside and outside.

Video Surveillance

48% of security professionals are integrating CCTV with other systems to generate collective business intelligence

Use of body-worn cameras sees complaints against police ‘virtually vanish’

Year-long study of almost 2,000 officers across UK and US forces shows introduction of wearable cameras led to a 93% drop in complaints made against police by the public – suggesting the cameras result in behavioural changes that ‘cool down’ potentially volatile encounters.

Individual officers become more accountable, and modify their behaviour accordingly, while the more disingenuous complaints from the public fall by the wayside once footage is likely to reveal them as frivolous.

The cameras create an equilibrium between the account of the officer and the account of the suspect about the same event – increasing accountability on both sides

I think body cameras are important to the safety and integrity of both citizens and officers. It ensures that people are held accountable for their actions and react accordingly to the situation at hand.