#AgeofEnlightenment

[whencyclopedia]

Dogs & Their Collars in the Age of Enlightenment

In medieval and Renaissance Europe, dogs were considered little more than 'machines' which performed certain tasks, such as guarding a home or tracking game, but this view changed significantly during the Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason) of the 17th and 18th centuries.

The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement among the upper-class intelligentsia, which encouraged a re-evaluation and reinterpretation of widely held beliefs concerning the human condition. Prior to the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648), the Catholic Church had shaped European interpretation of life and one’s place in the universe, but afterwards, individuals were encouraged to seek a personal relationship with God based on their own understanding of scripture and this led to greater freedom of spiritual and intellectual pursuits which eventually found expression during the Age of Enlightenment.

Among the many advances this period produced was a re-evaluation of the dog. The Church had declared that dogs were soulless beings and should not be treated with the same regard as humans who had been endowed with an immortal soul. One of the most significant thinkers of the Enlightenment, René Descartes (l. 1596-1650), the philosopher some cite as the "Father of the Enlightenment", decided to prove the Church’s claim true or false by dissecting dogs while they were still alive, even his wife’s pet dog and, finding no evidence of a soul, concluded the Church was correct.

Later thinkers, artists, and poets disagreed with Descartes, however, and featured the animals in their works, often excluding human subjects. Dog collars, which were previously utilitarian devices for controlling the animals, became ornate works of art. Collars were so valuable, in fact, that laws were enacted punishing people for the theft of a collar more severely than if they had stolen the dog itself. The Age of Enlightenment dramatically changed the way people viewed and treated dogs and eventually encouraged the development of societies dedicated to their safety, comfort, and well-being.

Dogs in Art

In 1434, the Flemish artist Jan van Eyck (l. c. 1390-1441) painted what is arguably his masterpiece, the Arnolfini Portrait, of a man and woman in a room with a dog. The two people, presumably a husband and his pregnant wife, seem to be in the midst of a serious discussion, but the small dog at their feet looks attentively out toward the viewer. The painting has long been praised for its intimacy and realism, and this dog is an important aspect of that. This dog has no concern at all for whatever drama may or may not be unfolding between the two humans; its attention is on the stranger - the person now viewing the painting - who has just walked in on this scene.

Impressive as the work is, no other artists chose to represent dogs in such an intimate and realistic manner again until the 18th century when paintings begin to regularly feature the upper class in the company of a favorite dog. The painting Miss Mary Edwards (1742) by the English artist William Hogarth (l. 1697-1764) shows the woman at her writing table stroking the head of her spaniel and A Woman with a Dog (1769) by French painter Jean Honore Fragonard (l. 1732-1806) catches a woman holding up her small white lapdog, wearing a blue-ribbon collar and leash, as though the viewer has just opened the door and surprised her. The dog in this painting, unlike in van Eyck's, takes no notice of the intruder and only has eyes for its mistress.

Dog collars in these paintings and many others, when they are shown, are often bands of gold or silver or, as in the case of Fragonard's piece, ribbon. In many of the Enlightenment paintings which feature dogs, the focus is clearly on the human subject with the dog playing a secondary role in the composition until one artist decided to elevate the dog in art and, in doing so, changed the way people saw dogs in their daily lives.

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[avetruth]

Voltaire. Türkler, müslümanlar, ötekiler (2008)

Voltaire. Türkler, müslümanlar, ötekiler (2008) https://www.avetruthbooks.com/2023/04/voltaire-turkler-muslumanlar-otekiler-2008.html?feed_id=16471

[jacobnicholasacostamisquez]

"Knowledge is power; never stop learning!" #Renaissance #Education #Knowledge #AlwaysLearn #UpliftingWords #InspirationalQuote #RenaissanceThought #AgeOfEnlightenment #RenaissancePeriod #AlwaysGrowing #PursuitOfKnowledge

[numerology-reading]

Calling in Your Soul Purpose? “Hell yes!” . Are you on a mission to unlock your inner world and to serve your purpose? “I’m ready, I’m done with 3D reality!” . Do you get inspired and energised being community and witnessing others breakthrough, do their thing and become a conduit for universal intelligence? “This is like music to my ears, food for my soul... where do I sign up...” . Imagine for the next 12 weeks we travel together, transitioning through Christmas, New Years and then into 2020, passion and purpose is building within you, something that’s so clear and so strong, that everyday you wake up in your bed energised and excited to be alive, to be on purpose and to be finally doing all things you’ve spent a lifetime putting off! . How would that feel? To get the ongoing support you need to really make the inner shift ripple into your outer reality. . To surround yourself within a purposeful passionate community that’s compassionate and supportive, constantly connecting to the quantum field for inspiration and quantum co-creation! All following our bliss, all on a mission to give our gifts and to be a part of the ripple effect spreading across the world. . There is a new wave coming! “Can you feel it?”, “Are you going to be a part of it?” . Or will you again allow the wave to pass you by? Leaving you in it’s wake unchanged and stuck in the same old same old...? The choice is yours... . . Genius Art by @sumapano REMIX @quantumfeedback . . . #newbeginings #theshift #serveyourpurpose #lightworker #passionandpurpose #followyourbliss #doyourthing #dontholdback #goalsetting2020 #ageofenlightenment https://www.instagram.com/p/B5Fns4cn_-t/?igshid=xvzhoqiyzuuh

[sohandsouza]

🏛️✏️ - 💁 @HarvardArtMuseums #DareToKnow 🧑‍🎨 #Piranesi - #drawing #Roman #sketch #art #ageOfEnlightenment #museum #exhibit #Harvard #CambridgeMA #Boston (at Harvard Art Museums) https://www.instagram.com/p/CjHDF4Us0mz/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[roadtripnewengland]

What is ”Enlightenment”? In response to a 1784 article philosopher #ImmanuelKant argued its main impulse was to “dare to know!”, and that response serves as exhibition title for a show that just opened at the Harvard Armuseums in Cambridge, MA. . The #AgeofEnlightenment of the 17th and 18th Centuries saw an explosion of knowledge, investigation and exploration. The #DaretoKnow exhibit at Harvard brings together over 150 prints, drawings, and books showcasing the illustrative zeitgeist of this period. . From #botanicalart to maps of the moon, to Paul Revere’s print of the Boston Massacre you’ll find galleries full of influential, and scientific significant images. There’s so much to see. . The Harvard Art Museums in Cambridge recently made Sundays free admission to all, so if this sound likes an exhibition that might interest you, check it out! #museumstagram #artmuseum #artmuseums #scientificillustration #illustration #printmaking #etching #drawing (at Harvard Art Museums) https://www.instagram.com/p/CjGYE66OkLi/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[saramackenzie1982]

The character of Nora discovers Miranda when she has to go to Shaeriden. Miranda isn't as good as Nora about court politics, but she knows when she's in trouble. Her childhood made her people please. Get yourself wrapped in blind fights. They're never fair. You're always second-guessing yourself. It's a maze you might never get out of. #ActionAndAdventure #ChessPlayer #StrategyAndRisk #TheGambler #ThePanicRoom #Suspense #Intrigue #LBGTQLiterature #ComingSoon #Autumn2022 #BackToTheDarkAges #AgeOfEnlightenment #HistoricalDrama #MedievalWorld #DungeonsDragons #BookSeries #NewSeries #RainyDayReading #SolitaryActivity #CastingShadows #TheCircleIsBroken #ThroughTheMeadow #LocalAuthor #NewBritain https://www.instagram.com/p/CgaBuxcPWHY/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[darthtalon89]

#onthisdayinhistory it's the #birthday of #Voltaire #Enlightenmentwriter #fromlovetofriendship #FrançoisMarieArouet #Writer #philosopher #AgeofEnlightenment #Westernphilosophy #Frenchphilosophy #Politicalphilosophy #literature #historiography #biblicalcriticism #Philosophyofhistory #freedomofreligion #freedomofspeech #book #separationofchurchandstate #play #poem #novel #poetry #poemas #poems #nomdeplume #plays #books https://www.instagram.com/p/CWhzRDZruDT/?utm_medium=tumblr

[ofgraveconcern]

31st July 1784, death of French philosopher, writer, and prominent figure during the Age of Enlightenment Denis Diderot, best known as editor, and contributor to the ‘Encyclopédie’ founded in 1751 alongside Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The ‘Encyclopédie’ was the first to include contributions from a wide field of authors on a variety of topics. Its skeptical and secular tone with regard to religion, became both a rallying call for the forerunners of the French Revolution, and saw bans by the French Government and Catholic church. From 1759 to 1765, Diderot was the sole contributor, authoring 7,000 articles on a variety of topics. Dying on this day, his extensive library was bequeathed to Catherine the Great. In 1793, his remains were unearthed by graverobbers, who stole his lead lined coffin, and dumped his corpse, his remains were then transferred to a mass grave. Ironically Diderot in 1773 had written "whether you rot beneath marble or rot under the ground, you still rot." Tarot card shown is from the Ofgraveconcern Industrial Sublime tarot deck 1760 - 1848. A unique tarot deck featuring the characters and events from 1760 - 1848. Prints of the cards are for sale at: www.ofgraveconcern.com/industrialsublimetarot1760-1848 Follow @ofgrave.concern for more gothic tales from history #tarotillustration #tarotdecks #tarotprints #tarotart #tarotartist #ageofenlightenment #denisdiderot #encyclopedia #encyclopedie #encyclopédie #frenchrevolution #frenchhistory #frenchhistory🇫🇷 #diedonthisday #catherinethegreat #graverobber #gothictales #historicalillustration #historystory #historicalstory #gothichistory #darkhistory #18thcentury #18thcenturyhistory #ageofreason https://www.instagram.com/p/CR_6KAQHJsY/?utm_medium=tumblr

[muthur9000]

Anatomical angel by Jacques-Fabien Gautier d’Agoty (1745) + Anatomical Shaw Drawing by Matt Hatton for Alien: Covenant (2017) Check out this beautiful concept art swipe 👉 to see the drawing and detail. “I wanted to play up the degree of ambiguity, contradiction and metaphor. Whether religious/blasphemous or playing on the notion of the “anatomical Venus” (reference of which came from Ridley, Chris Seagers and Victor Zolfo) and so on. David’s sociopathy in full flight and anachronistic feelings about Shaw.” - @matthatt0n This 1746 mezzotint of a fashionably coiffed anatomised woman, L’Ange Anatomique (The Flayed Angel), was created by Arnaud-Éloi’s father Jacques-Fabien Gautier d’Agoty. See my analysis of The Anatomical Angel 🔗https://yutani.blog/2018/07/10/shaw-anatomical-angel/ #ageofenlightenment #17thcentury #18thcentury #mezzotint #anatomy #medicine #religion #art #florence #florentine # #anatomical #angel #venus #matthatton #conceptart #flayed #art #AlienCovenant

[iamtaboutmf]

"Only passions, great passions, can elevate the soul to great things." ✌️😎 #TabouTMF 👑 #QuoteOfTheDay - D. Diderot⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Follow @iamtaboutmf on Instagram for updates and visit iamtaboutmf.com for Music + Mixes + Mashups + More ™⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ #science #literature #philosophy #art #writer #materialism #enlightenment #ideas #humanity #ageofenlightenment #encyclopédie #fortune #fortunes #champagne #france #music #literature #acoustics #nature #naturalselection #reasoning #knowledge #diderot #quote #soul #elevate #passion #passions https://www.instagram.com/p/CLbkBhOgx5w/?igshid=18eiho4bfiysj

[deenoze]

*Art History - "Cleopatra Decorates the Grave of Marcus Antonius" by Maria Anna Angelika Kauffmann, aka Angelica Kauffman. Celebrated as a child prodigy at an early age, she was a Swiss Neoclassical painter who had a successful career in London and Rome, where she studied. Remembered primarily as a historical painter, Kauffmann was a skilled portrait artist, landscape and decoration painter. She was one of the two female founding members of the Royal Academy in London in 1768 and was considered the female Raphael of her time and one of the greatest artists in the Age of Enlightenment and Sensitivity. I like her style, similar to some old masters. She studied Raphael and Baroque style artists. I love the sensitive lighting, almost by candlelight if I'm not mistaken. And each painting is dynamic, telling a story. Any painting can be beautiful but not narrative. 🌞🎨🖼😀 #angelikakauffman #kauffman #artist #neoclassical #baroque #ageofenlightenment #sensitivity #artwork #swissartist #europeanartist #cleopatra #marcanthony https://www.instagram.com/p/CCpu3LFjHNV/?igshid=10ygps23juu46

[jacobnicholasacostamisquez]

"An investment in knowledge pays the best interest" - Benjamin Franklin #Renaissance #AgeofEnlightenment #Knowledge #Innovation #Education #Progress #Discovery #Learning #Growth #Success #Investment

[librarycompany]

The Age of Enlightenment filled the minds of men and women with wonder. It was a period of observation and discovery. Books furnished an avid public with new knowledge of the earth and the heavens. Information was presented in novel ways to captivate and educate the reader.

The book featured in the video is John Lodge Cowley’s An Illustration and Mensuration of Solid Geometry (London, 1787), which contains several plates that fold into geometric forms that rise up out of the page.

You can see this book on display in our current exhibition The Living Book : New Perspectives on Form and Function open through January 5, 2018. Remember to take a handout of this geometric form while you’re in the gallery!

John Lodge Cowley, An Illustration and Mensuration of Solid Geometry in Seven Books (London, 1787).

[sohandsouza]

🪐⚙️ - 💁 @HarvardArtMuseums #DareToKnow - #historical #astronomy #solarSystem #ageOfEnlightenment #science #museum #exhibit #Harvard #art #CambridgeMA #Boston (at Harvard Art Museums) https://www.instagram.com/p/CjHAH9sMItA/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=