#70 ad doctrine

[jaabshajohn]

Christianity Explained.

In Christianity Explained I will give you a complete walkthrough of the Christian faith from Genesis to Revelation. Christianity for beginners start with understanding the basics of the Christian faith. I’ll explain Christianity for non believers in an engaging, easy to understand and articulate narration.

I provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of Christianity's fundamental principles, beliefs, and practices. From the life and teachings of Jesus Christ to the significance of key biblical narratives, the video offers clarity on the core tenets that underpin Christian theology.

Whether for those new to Christianity or seeking a deeper understanding of the faith, this video serves as an invaluable resource, elucidating complex concepts with clarity and insight.

Through its accessible presentation and compelling storytelling, "Christianity Explained" illuminates the profound significance of this global religion, inviting viewers to contemplate its timeless truths and transformative power.

[josis-teacup]

Leading Candidates The Next Pope: Who Are The Frontrunners to Succeed Pope Francis?

Source

Luis Antonio Tagle (Philippines)

Currently the betting favorite at 3:1 odds, Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, 67, is considered a strong contender to continue Pope Francis's progressive agenda.

Tagle, an advocate for inclusion and evangelization, has significant experience leading the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and was a trusted figure in Francis's inner circle.

AN: upon further research he heavily opposes abortion and same sex marriage

Pietro Parolin (Italy)

At 4:1 odds, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, 70, is one of the most experienced Vatican officials. In his role as the Vatican's Secretary of State since 2013, he has played a major part in diplomatic affairs, including sensitive negotiations with China and Middle Eastern governments.

Parolin is seen as a moderate theological candidate, someone who could provide stability while still maintaining some of Francis's reforms. His deep ties to Vatican bureaucracy make him a strong contender for those who favor continuity.

Peter Turkson (Ghana)

Currently at 5:1 odds in betting markets, Cardinal Peter Turkson, 76, is a well-known figure in the Church's social justice circles. As former head of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, Turkson has been vocal on issues such as climate change, poverty and economic justice.

Turkson's election would mark a historic moment as the first African pope in centuries. The most recent African pontiff was Pope Gelasius, who served from 492 to 496 AD. Born in Rome to African parents, Gelasius was known for his extensive theological writings and strong advocacy for charity and justice for the poor.

Peter Erdő (Hungary)

A leading conservative candidate, Cardinal Peter Erdő, 72, is currently at 6:1 odds. A respected canon law scholar, Erdő has been a strong advocate for traditional Catholic teachings and doctrine. He previously served as head of the Council of European Bishops' Conferences and has emphasized theological orthodoxy.

For those seeking a return to the conservatism of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, Erdő would represent a major shift away from Francis's approach.

Angelo Scola (Italy)

At 8:1, Cardinal Angelo Scola, 82, is a long-standing papal contender. He was among the favorites in the 2013 conclave that ultimately elected Pope Francis. Scola, a former Archbishop of Milan, has deep theological roots and appeals to those who support a more centralized and hierarchical Church.

His traditionalist stance makes him a strong candidate for those looking to pivot away from Francis's reforms, but his age may work against him.

[coreofthebible]

Resurrection part 3: Daniel's "end of days" resurrection prophecy

We are continuing the third essay today in a four-part series on the topic of resurrection. So far in our exploration of this far-reaching topic, we have viewed instances of individual, bodily resurrections throughout the Bible. We also looked at what Yeshua taught about all the righteous throughout the history of Israel who were still considered as alive to God, since “God is not the God of the…

[beardedmrbean]

Sixteen Spanish nuns have announced they are breaking from the Catholic Church and instead placing themselves under the authority of Pablo de Rojas Sánchez-Franco, a self-styled bishop who was excommunicated in 2019.

The 16 Poor Clare sisters, part of the Franciscan Order of Saint Clare, were based in the dioceses of Burgos and Vitoria in northern Spain.

The schism comes against the backdrop of conservative anger over the leadership of Pope Francis. In February, 90 Catholic clergymen and scholars wrote a letter to "all Cardinals and Bishops of the Catholic Church," urging them to oppose a document approved by the pontiff that allowed priests to bless same-sex couples. Earlier this month, Francis angered many American conservatives by describing efforts to prevent migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexican border as "madness."

The 16 nuns, led by Sister Isabel of the Trinity, announced their break from Catholic authorities in a five-page open letter published on their convent's website.

In the letter, Sister Isabel said Catholics have had to endure "the silence of our pastors," who "left their sheep alone and helpless to face the wolves."

Referring to the papacy, she added: "From the Throne of Peter we have been receiving contradiction, confusion and doublespeak, ambiguity, lack of clear doctrine, which is all the more necessary in stormy times, to hold the rudder more firmly.

"During this time the sisters, each in her own style, way and rhythm, have been contemplating a question, a doubt about the one who steers the Barque of Peter, and his closest collaborators. A doubt which, in time, became SCANDAL."

Newsweek has contacted the press office of the Holy See for comment by email.

Sister Isabel also said the Vatican prevented the community from selling an empty monastery in Derio, the proceeds of which were intended to pay for a new monastery in Orduña. She said the decision was a bid to control "traditionally minded communities and keep their real estate to sell."

The sister said the group would instead put itself under the authority of Sánchez-Franco, whom she styled a "legitimate bishop of the Holy Catholic Church" despite his excommunication by the Vatican.

She added: "They are going to call us heretics and schismatics, crazy, and many more very disagreeable and calumnious things, but don't believe them; at least this once, don't let them fool you."

In an attached 70-page document titled "Catholic Manifesto," the group said it recognized "H.H. Pius XII as the last valid Supreme Pontiff," adding that "the see of St. Peter is vacant and usurped."

In a broadcast on Spanish radio station COPE, Archbishop Mario Iceta of Burgos, under whose jurisdiction the 16 nuns fell, said when he first heard they were leaving, he "thought it was fake news," the Catholic News Agency reported.

He said the schism "seems absolutely wrong," adding that the church must see "if it is possible to heal it, cure it, reverse it" through dialogue with the nuns.

According to the Catholic News Agency, the archbishop added: "I don't know if they realize the profound consequences that this step has and that is why my option or my opinion is that this should not be done precipitously, let this media tidal wave pass, let's see if it's possible to establish a relationship with them and dialogue and look at these issues and give them time to reconsider this situation that seems so surprising and strange to me."

[alliluyevas]

found this other LIFE article about the Short Creek raid that is a fascinating read!

The Lonely Men of Short Creek They await trial as result of polygamy uproar

For men used to having as many as five women and 21 children around the house it was a lonely situation for the men of Short Creek, Ariz. Stolidly they ate a breakfast of oatmeal and fried eggs (above). They were still too stunned to comprehend what had happened. The Short Creekers are a "fundamentalist" heretical splinter of the Mormon Church, who live underneath vaulting red cliffs--the Towers of Tumurru,--in one of the most inaccessible parts of the US, 150 miles from the nearest railroad. They believe "in all the doctrines and covenants of Joseph Smith," including communal living and the famous 132nd section sanctioning polygamy, which the orthodox Mormon Church renounced in 1890. But last July the sovereign state of Arizona in the person of 200 state troopers--five troopers per Short Creek man--descended on the colony.

Without making a direct charge of polygamy, the troopers arrested the men on charges of conspiracy to violate a host of laws from statutory rape to misappropriation of school funds. Governor Howard Pyle accused the community of being "unalterably dedicated to the wicked theory that every maturing girl child (usually before she reached the age of 15) should be forced into multiple wifehood with men of all ages." While the Short Creek men were in jail, the state packed nearly all of the town's 85 women and 250 children 450 miles away to Phoenix. Then the 36 men were released on bail pending hearings on Sept. 28.

The men walked from behind bars into their lonely town. Heaviest of their burdens was the state's disclosure of its intention not merely to wipe out the community but to place the children as state welfare charges in suitable Mormon homes. The men's religion forbids them to show anger, but one finally burst out, "what we are worried about is that we are never going to see our children again."

Legal questions, an elder's grave, an empty schoolhouse

Eighty-four-year-old Joseph Smith Jessop, named for the founder of the Mormon Church, was in a way a symbol of the small cooperative colonies believing in polygamy which have cropped up persistently in the Southwest despite efforts to stamp them out. He had 22 children between the ages of 64 and 4, 112 grandchildren and 147 great-grandchildren. As an elder of Short Creek's "United Effort" community, Patriarch Jessop helped direct the pooling and division of all earnings from the communally owned sawmill, dairy herd, cannery, 2500 acres of crop land and $35,000 in farm equipment. The shock of the arrest was too much for the staunch old Mormon. A month after the raid, heartbroken, he died and his huge family gathered around to do him honor.

In proceeding against the rest of the men of Short Creek, Arizona faced a tricky legal problem. Since the Short Creekers avoided civil marriage ceremonies, it is difficult to convict them of polygamy. The state therefore devised the plan of charging the Short Creekers with numerous other violations, for which the prosecution will demand heavy fines with the design of bankrupting the colony. Its investigators are collecting evidence, they say, to prove many women were reluctant participants in plural unions--for example, that one girl of 17 was almost forced to marry a 70-year-old. But the Short Creekers deny these charges and are preparing to defend themselves on constitutional grounds. One of them, a University of Utah graduate, says "The Bill of Rights says we can worship God as we please. My religion is not abridging the rights of others. Whose is the next religion that is going to become unpopular?"

Death of a patriarch added to Short Creek's sadness.

Joseph Smith Jessop, a founder of the colony, posed with youngest child Mabel Ann, 4, after release from jail. He said then, "This will probably be my last picture." A week later he died. Last week 101 members of his immediate family attended his funeral (center) and his sons dug his grave. At the funeral a son, Virgil Jessop, gave the eulogy: "this man has left nothing of his worldly worth, but he has left far more than most people of God's work. There isn't another man in the US that can boast this man's posterity…Grandpa has received a martyr's crown."

[fictionyoubelieve]

In the wake of the publishers’ success, other parts of the Internet Archive have become a tempting target. Universal, Sony, Arista and other music companies sued the archive in New York on Friday, saying it “unabashedly seeks to provide free and unlimited access to music for everyone, regardless of copyright.” The plaintiffs cite 2,749 violations, all recorded with an antiquated format used before 1959, for which they are asking $150,000 each. “Now the Washington lawyers want to destroy a digital collection of scratchy 78 r.p.m. records, 70 to 120 years old, built by dedicated preservationists in 2006,” Mr. Kahle said. “Who benefits?”

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/13/business/media/internet-archive-emergency-lending-library.html

Well that sucks.

This is a tricky one, honestly. What the IA did was pretty clearly not lawful, regardless of whether it was right or good. So even if the petition somehow wins over the publishers, IA would still be operating indefinitely in a “hope we don’t get sued” gray zone, which is not where we want to be. The underlying law for copyright and fair use (in general, but especially for digital works) is kind of fucked and needs to be sorted out.

The idea that scanning the full text of a book—for the sole purpose of sharing with multiple other readers—could be transformative is obvious nonsense on the face of it, but apparently that’s where precedent is now:

This led the Ninth Circuit to be the first court to make the equation highly beneficial to public = transformative, and as the Supreme Court explained in Campbell, the more transformative a derivative use the more likely the use is to be a fair use.

It makes no sense for that to fall under the “transformative” consideration!! Fair use is already determined by a holistic weighing of several factors, and transformativity was not one of them—it was added as a dimension of the first factor as part of later judgements. Just add “public benefit” as an additional dimension!

Meanwhile, First Sale Doctrine doesn’t always apply to digital works because (1) you’d have to actually transfer the file, not just copy it (even if you destroy your own copy at the same time! bonkers!); and (2) software companies try to weasel out of it by “licensing�� you their stuff instead of actually “selling” it:

Courts have struggled and taken dramatically different approaches to sort out when only a license was granted to the end user as compared to ownership. Most of these cases involved software-licensing agreements. In general, courts look beneath the surface of the agreements to conclude whether the agreements create a licensing relationship or if they amount to, in substance, sales subject to first sale doctrine under §109(a). Thus, specifying that the agreement grants only a "license" is necessary to create the licensing relationship, but not sufficient. Other terms of the agreement should be consistent with such a licensing relationship.

Obviously digital goods are very different from physical goods, making First Sale Doctrine a lot worse for creators in a digital world than a physical one, but the always-license-never-own situation we’ve come to instead is also terrible, just in the other direction.

Anyway, the Internet Archive can still appeal to the Supreme Court, who I’m sure will butcher the interpretation further if they take it up. Maybe if we get a solidly progressive congress (plus Harris) they can improve the laws, but I’m not holding my breath.

This is absolutely catastrophic.

[bills-bible-basics]

Apostles Were Convinced Jesus Would Return Soon Graphic 02 #apostles #JesusWillReturn #ReturnSoon NOTE #1: In Acts 2:16-18, the Apostle Peter -- who had just been filled with the Holy Spirit -- is clearly saying two things: Joel's prophecy was being fulfilled at that time during the First Century, and that period was also the Last Days. The phrase “last days” does NOT mean from 30 AD to the 21st Century, as some modern, Futurist-leaning Bible teachers erroneously teach. That is a false doctrine of men. NOTE #2: The fact that in 1 Thessalonians 4:14-18 the Apostle Paul includes himself by saying “we” is clear proof that he was expecting Christ's soon return, and he was hoping to still be alive to witness it. NOTE #3: In Hebrews 1:1-2, the phrase "lasts days” refers to the very end of the Prophet Daniel's 70 weeks -- or 490 years -- prophecy. It has nothing to do with our modern times, as Futurists claim. NOTE #4: In Hebrews 10:37, the phrase "a little while" does NOT mean 2,000 years in the future as the Futurists claim. NOTE #5: In James 5:2-3, 7-8, the Apostle James is likewise confirming that it was the Last Days, and he was convinced that Jesus would be returning soon. NOTE #6: 1 Peter 4:7 confirms the phrase "in these last days" mentioned in Hebrews 1:1-2 above. NOTE #7: In 1 John 2:18, not once, but twice, the Apostle John tells his readers that it is the Last Time, or the very end of the Prophet Daniel's 70 weeks prophecy. Conclusion: Peter, James and John -- who were Jesus' inner circle -- as well as the Apostle Paul, were all convinced that Jesus would return during their lifetimes, exactly as He had promised them in these verses: In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I WILL COME AGAIN, AND RECEIVE YOU unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also . . . I will not leave you comfortless: I WILL COME TO YOU." John 14:2-3, 18, KJV How can so many modern, Futurist-leaning Christians continue to resist the plain truth of the Scriptures? "Apostles Were Convinced Jesus Would Return Soon" KJV Bible Verse List: https://www.billkochman.com/VerseLists/verse661.html "I Come Quickly" KJV Bible Verse List: https://www.billkochman.com/VerseLists/verse629.html "Jesus Returned During the First Century" KJV Bible Verse List: https://www.billkochman.com/VerseLists/verse659.html "Jesus's Unexpected Return" KJV Bible Verse List: https://www.billkochman.com/VerseLists/verse394.html Article: "Jesus Christ's Return: Have We Been Deceived?" https://www.billkochman.com/Articles/deceived-1.html https://www.billkochman.com/Blog/index.php/apostles-were-convinced-jesus-would-return-soon-graphic-02/?Apostles%20Were%20Convinced%20Jesus%20Would%20Return%20Soon%20Graphic%2002

[auc3i]

AUC3I - Daily Briefing 04-24-2025 On the WAR in Ukraine

Understanding The War In Europe _ Analyzing the situation on the ground with by way of an introduction, 3 points, and a conclusion #blackops #militaryoperations #modernwarfare

COMBAT BRIEFING NUMBER 1053

"Strategic Briefing — Situation Report: Russian Special Military Operation as of April 24, 2025"   *Prepared for defense analysts, strategic planners, and conflict monitoring professionals*

On April 24, 2025, the Russian Armed Forces executed a comprehensive high-precision strike across Ukraine targeting core defense-industrial infrastructure. Utilizing air-, sea-, and land-based missile systems and UAVs, Russian forces struck facilities involved in aviation, rocketry, space systems, armored production, and the manufacture of propellants. The Ministry of Defense reported all assigned targets were hit.

Simultaneously, ground operations maintained high tempo across all major operational directions. In the "north", the North Group engaged Ukrainian mechanized and assault units in Sumy, eliminating over 45 personnel, one armored vehicle, and several artillery pieces in locales including Miropolskoye and Petrushevka. In "Kharkiv", enemy formations around Liptsy and Volchansk were damaged with additional losses in equipment and manpower.

In the "western axis", the West Group advanced into more advantageous terrain while degrading Ukrainian forces across Donetsk, Kharkiv, and Luhansk regions. Ukrainian casualties reached 255, with the destruction of multiple electronic warfare systems (Bukovel-AD, Anklav, Oktava-S), a Turkish-made Kirpi armored vehicle, and a tank. Three Ukrainian ammunition depots were eliminated.

The "Southern (Yuzhnaya) Group" significantly expanded operational control, targeting Ukrainian formations across major urban centers including Kramatorsk, Slavyansk, and Chasov Yar. Approximately 405 Ukrainian personnel were reported neutralized, along with the destruction of 12 vehicles, three artillery guns, and an electronic warfare station.

The "Center Group" liberated the settlement of *Bogdanovka* in the Donetsk People's Republic. Heavy mechanized, assault, and unmanned systems brigades of the Ukrainian Armed Forces were defeated in the surrounding zone. Total losses included up to 410 Ukrainian troops and multiple vehicles and artillery pieces.

In the "eastern front", the East Group advanced deeper into Ukrainian lines near Zelenoye Pole and Novoukrainka. Ukrainian forces lost 155 personnel and two electronic warfare stations. In the "southern coastal theater", the Dnepr Group eliminated over 70 Ukrainian troops in Zaporizhia and Kherson regions and destroyed a cluster of coastal defense infrastructure, EW systems, and military supply depots.

Strategic fires—employing aviation, missile troops, and drones—targeted 148 enemy sites, including military airfield infrastructure and foreign mercenary staging areas. Russian air defense forces intercepted four U.S.-made JDAM bombs and 230 UAVs in a single 24-hour period.

In the "Kursk sector", Russian forces struck Ukrainian airborne assault brigades near Gornal and Oleshnya. Ukrainian casualties exceeded 150, with additional destruction of MLRS systems, artillery, and UAV control stations. Total cumulative Ukrainian losses in this region now exceed 75,860 personnel and include 63 multiple launch rocket systems and over 2,280 armored vehicles.

"Assessment:"   April 24 reflects a synchronized escalation combining strategic infrastructure denial with tactical front-line advances. The liberation of Bogdanovka, degradation of UAV command infrastructure, and large-scale EW system losses across multiple fronts signify Ukraine’s reduced operational elasticity. The Russian Armed Forces continue to execute pressure-based doctrine aimed at systemic erosion of Ukrainian combat capabilities across all operational directions.

[bremont]

(via (307) Xi, Maduro Announce Elevation of China-Venezuela Ties - YouTube)

President XI china Is better to rebuild houses🏡 than kill☠️🗡️ people👶. Take a Noble 🛡️step forward🤔 having blood 🩸🩸on your hands🩸🩸 is a disgrace for a🩸 president 🩸70 AD should be a warning to you🩸🪦 Rome🪦🩸fail you could be 🩸next .. the one that kill☠️🗡️by the sword will☠️ end by the sword .🩸President XI🫖🏡 CHINA better get MADURO M⛪🙈🙉🙊 an airplane🛸 ticket to🪐🌎 somewhere before is too late 🧙‍♂️ Taliesin ⛳🍁 5607 County Road C, Spring Green, Wisconsin, 🤔🎨🖼️ The battle🌎 of the 🎄 Tress from Montreal 🩰to Vermont🎶 to Beaumont Texas/ to ARGENTINA 🌎🌱 Taliesin serait né vers 518, dans le Powys[1] et serait mort vers 599, il serait le fils de saint Henwg de Llanhennock[/ Stonehenge stones had names people🧙 names stones " 🧙‍♂️🧙‍♀️ all forming a circle☸️ of names. Of trees🍁🌱☘️💐 houses🏡🏔️ House🌎🫗 ARCHITECTURE. Reconstruction 1492 repairs version 1066 on the Americas🌎🌷🍀 Solomon Guggenheim Museum doctrine. 🏡💐☘️🏔️🍁🏰⛪

[togglessymposium]

A) This is obviously a redictio ad absurdum. They're not advocating mass murder, they're saying that you are inadvertently advocating mass abortions, by way of a philosophical system in which mass abortions fall out as a natural imperative, and then post-hoc arguing 'but also abortions are bad don't do them.'

B) "Utilitarianism is fake" isn't an answer to people who notice you're making the concrete claim that some people go to heaven, some people go to hell, and that the former is infinitely good while the latter is infinitely bad. Getting infinitely good outcomes and avoiding infinitely bad outcomes overrides all other concerns, that's what the words 'infinitely', 'good', and 'bad' mean.

C) The core elements of Catholic (and most Christian) doctrine assure us that most living people go to hell. About 70% die unbaptized, given current religious demographics. The actual, material outcome of being born is that your existence is infinitely bad, most of the time. The actual, material outcome of being aborted is that your existence is infinitely good, every time.

D) By extension, if a group of mass abortionists (or even infanticides) cause themselves to go to hell, and also cause billions of people to go to heaven who wouldn't otherwise, the actual, material outcome is that they have dramatically increased the fraction of infinitely good existences and dramatically reduced the fraction of infinitely bad existences.

E) You state a concern that God would prevent this. We have a lower bound on the volume of mass murder that God does not prevent, set by the megadeaths of WW2 and the artificial famines of communist states; we have not tested 'billions dead' yet, but we have reached 'about a hundred million' and that effort continued unhindered. Hence, statistically, mass abortions could probably cause a minimum of something like 70 million people to experience infinitely good outcomes that would otherwise be infinitely bad- that is, 70% of the 100 million abortions or infanticides- without provoking miraculous intervention. (Assuming that God values all souls equally.) More, if you focused your efforts in India, East Asia, the Middle East, or North Africa, where Christians are underrepresented. Many more, if the hemoclysm of the early 20th century was not near the threshold that would provoke divine censure.

F) The claim 'but abortionists and their collaborators are bad people' coexists with these claims, but does not refute them; they are a direct extension of core Catholic doctrines. It is consistent with Catholic belief to note that these mass abortionists would change the world in such a way as to cause 70 million infinitely good outcomes and avert 70 million infinitely bad outcomes. It is also consistent with Catholic belief to say that this would make them bad people, and that they would probably go to hell for it.

G) In Catholic doctrine, 'trying to be a good person' and pursuing a life of virtue does not cause you to enter heaven, even if maximally successful. A person who does the right thing (for example, by not killing a hundred million babies), does not thereby avert the outcome where their existence is infinitely bad. Catholic doctrine states that people are quite likely to go to hell after the mass murder of hundreds of millions of babies, but it also tells us that they were probably going to hell anyway.

H) I'm not sure why you're arguing that "babies are not sinless" unless you're also arguing that infants and unborn fetuses sometimes go to hell? If it is your understanding of Catholic doctrine that hell contains some number of babies, I would suggest that this should be said explicitly, if only because it's such an obviously strong argument against abortion among those who share your religion! If abortion and miscarriage may condemn the unbaptized fetus to hell, then this is a tremendously important fact to communicate to expectant mothers.

[mister-warlight-history]

Gospels/Sects Timeline and 50 to 70 CE church locations.

Galilee

Pre 70s CE: Sayings of the Lord is written, a translation of Sirach in Aramaic by Nittai of Arbel or Mattai mixed with teachings of Yehoshua Ben Perachiah.

10s BCE to 70 CE: Myths that High Priest Joshua visited various high priests and other men, by Nazarenes in Galilee.

Syria

30 BCE: Nazarenes have Jesus as the High Priest Ben Jehozakak.

-Northern Syria

60 CE: Predecessor gospel is written about 'Myths that High Priest Joshua visited various high priests and other men' by Nazarenes in Northern Syria.

-Antioch

110s CE: Gospel according to Mark(written by Greco Syrians) and Gospel of the Nazarenes(written by Ebionites in Transjordan) and spiritual Gospel according to Mark(written by Alexandrians) add to the proto Hebrews Mark with elements of proto Luke.

Late 120 CE: Gospel according to Matthew is translated from Gospel of the Nazarenes.

Galatia

Late 40s to 50 CE: In Galatia, a Christian sect taught about a murdered Yehoshua (Righteous Teacher) messiah that included many Christians with such doctrine including Saul, though many others existed. *Side note: Stories of how Yehoshua Ben Perachiah (Righteous Teacher) was murdered by Alexander Janneus after returning from Alexandria in the second persecution of the Pharisees, first vaguely mentioned in the Dead Sea Scrolls with no detail, and all was forgotten, except the name Jesus and him being murdered by Jews, and that morphed into this doctrine by the Christian sect in Galatia and elsewhere.

-Iconium

40s CE: House church.

-Antioch of Pisidia

40s CE: Christian Synagogue.

Greece

50s CE: Saul of Tarsus wrote about a murdered Jesus in epistles to Thessaloniki and to Corinth now contained in 1 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians, though with various additions. Also - Ananias of Edessa, Simon Magus, Menander or Menahem, and Elkasai were around that time as proponents of as rivals to Saul's sect.  *Side note: Saul was born in Gischala, Galilee, then he moved to Tarsus with his parents where he was educated, then Saul moved to Iconium where he joined a Christian sect, he also taught in the Synagogue of Pisidian Antioch, then as an adult, Saul sailed to Greece from Troas and evangelized there, first preaching in Philippi where he was unaccepted, then Saul preached in Thessaloniki where his doctrine was followed, then Saul traveled to Athens and preached there, and while in Athens Saul wrote epistles to Thessaloniki, detailing how he was treated horribly in Philippi, and also to Corinth (1 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians, minus the later additions).

Paulines

-Athens

130s CE: Gospel of John is written, meant to correct heresies in the Gospel of Cerinthus, using the phrase "Only begotten son" instead of "This day I have begotten you", and not mentioning the baptism of Jesus.

-Thessaloniki?

-Corinth?

Cappadocia

-Derinkuyu (catacombs)

-Kaymakli (catacombs)

-?

70 CE: the First gospel is written in Cappadocia, based on the Predecessor gospel about 'Myths that High Priest Joshua visited various high priests and other men' (this gospel spread west and inspires further unknown gospels including the 'proto Hebrews Mark' gospel) and ironically, this gospel was probably written by Mark or Marcas.

70s CE: unknown first gospel variants between the 'First gospel' and 'Proto Hebrews' Mark' with more, different story elements embellished and added to them (starting in Cappadocia, but also in Galatia, and Asia province).

100s CE: Proto Luke gospel is written in Cappadocia, based on the Predecessor gospel about 'Myths that High Priest Joshua visited various high priests and other men' (given it's lack of a baptism).

Asia

60s and early 70s CE: John, a prophet/evangelist (the elder), spreads Murdered Messiah Christianity in Asia, (independent of Saul).

Late 70s and 80s CE: Proto Hebrews' Mark is written (written by followers of Mark, Ariston probably starting it and Cerinthus being one of them, another gospel was probably written by followers of Nicholas the Deacon, based on the Tradition of Matthias)

Paulines

-Laodicea

-Philadelphia

Late 60s CE: a Church is formed in Philadelphia by followers of John, a prophet/evangelist (the elder).

70s CE: Ariston, a deacon writer, resides in Philadelphia, probably writes the 'Proto Hebrews' Mark' gospel there.

90s CE: Revelation of John is written in Philadelphia.

-Ephesus

80s CE: Gospel of Cerinthus is written. *Side note: The phrase "This day I have begotten you" at the Baptism of Jesus comes from this gospel, suggesting that Christ entered Jesus when he was baptized, and later church gospels, such as the Gospel according to Luke, used that phrase before they were changed in the 4th century after the Council of Nicea due to the earlier church declaring it heretical.

-Hierapolis

109 CE: Papias had a Sayings of the Lord book by Matthias. *Side note: Papias attributes many teachings to John the Elder(a prophet/evangelist) that were not said by him as claimed in messages from John's perceived followers.

(General)

90s CE: Ariston, Dionysius the Areogapite, Ignatius, Rufus, and Zosimus are active. 

Egypt

-Alexandria

120s CE: Basilides had a gospel based on the Tradition of Matthias book. Also - Valentinus, Marcion and Saturnalis were around.

130s CE: Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit is written based on ideology amassed from BCE to 70s CE and pre current elements.

[bongobonzo]

Why do Christians accept this account? Josephus was a Jew, and a Pharisees. Josephus was not a Christian, and had many reasons to embellish his account, or to even outright lie. Yet lots, many "Christians" believe the Temple was left without one stone standing upon another in 70 ad. Since then people believe in this false Rapture doctrine, and a seven year tribulation, that only came into the church in the 1800's. Matthew 24 is quite clear, "immediately following the Tribulation of those days." Anyway I'm just curious. Feel free to respond, either here or on my Facebook page.

[ramrodd]

Did Christmas Copy the Sun God's Birthday?

COMMENTARY:

Did Christmas Copy the Sun God's Birthday? The answer is unequivocably "YES!"   The Biblical basis of thecult of Mithra is expressed in the first verse of the 19th chapter of the 19th Book of the Old Testament, This is a literary reference to the Metonic cycle of the Solar year, wherein the sun travels through the zodiac and comes to within 20 minutes of its starting coordinates 19 years after it started, West Point has a ditty Plebes have to learn that includes the phrase "the great celestial movement by which time is usually recorded:.   During this 19 year solar cycle, there are 7 solar years with 13 full moons, This is the basis of Daniel 7:13 , The year 70 AD was selected in reference to what became Daniel 7 in 1551 AD, when the versification of the mundane numerology of chapter and verse was added by the collaboration of  Robert Estienne, a typesetter, with the Holy Spirit to simplify access to the literature of the Bible. The triangulation of Daniel 7:13 with Mark 13 and Revelation 13 is the literary validation of the God Hypothesis of the Torah and all things Jesus, Where ever there was a Mithra cult in prximity to a Roman garrison, there was a secret society of stoic Christian centurions who were justified by the Talking Cross of the Gospel of Peter, This stoic Christian society was the enabling incubator for the Epicuriean Christianity of Pax Romana and Pauline Theology, The Tlaking Cross was the primary purpose of Pilate's euangelion to TIberius cited by Tertullian in Book V. Apology, The contents of the Gospel of Peter was conveyed to Peter by Cornelius during the debriefing off-statge in Acts 10, The Gospel of Pete is the only example of Bart "Giggles" Ehrman's oral tradition in the Synoptic Gospels, The rest of his thesis that the Gospel of Mark is derivative of Pauline Theology is Marxist/Jesus Seminar bullshit. 'Hebrews is the intelligence finding of Theolphilus regarding the Talking Cross of  Pilate's euangelion and is a stoic manifesto of the secret Roman Christian society of the Praetorian Guards,  The connection of Pauline Theology to thi manifesto and the Talking Cross is the epistemological/numerological  link of Romans 13:1 - 7 and Hebrews 13:17, with the doubling of the 1317 numerology which adds up to 12, a quorum of the Holy Spirit, numerologically, The Apostle's Creed is the stoic summary and Christian manifesto of Hebrews, The Nicene Creed is the Epicurean summary of Hebrews, Tertullian was a stoic and his alleged apostasy was a protest against the infiltration of the Epicurean impulse into Christian doctrine, He was wrong. Ther is an epistemological thread that runs as stratight as a  laser from the Persian Magi to the Free  Mason Lodge 22 of George Washinton  overlooking Alexandria, Virginia, Washington DC is laid out 4 square to the earth based on the Base 60 numerology of the Rose Compas of the PErsian Magi, right out of Revelation. Jesus' upgrade of Moses's Shema in Mark 12: 29 - 31 fully embraces the Greek theory of knowledge with its addition of "mind" to the elements of heart, soul and strength, making it 4 squate to the Greek elements of Fire = Heart, Water = Soul, Air = Mind, and Earth = Strength. In addition, there is an epistemological thread that runs straight as a laser from the Talking Cross to the 19th Amendment and Apollo 11. The 19th Amendment reveals the blasphemy of the Dobbs decision and the heresy of all things Pro-Life Megi-Chruch Calvinism of Christian Nationalism, Christianity is a totally Pagan celebration of  Genesis 1:1 and The One in Revelation 4:2. Enjoy the party, Amen,

[bernardo1969]

Jesus, after making his triumphal entry into Jerusalem and before the Passover meal, taught in the temple of the holy city, and there he prophesied about the destruction of the city of Jerusalem, a prophecy that was probably fulfilled during the regency of the emperor Vespasian in Rome in the year 70 AD, and with these words Jesus referred to the fact: "As for what you see here, the time will come when not one stone will be left on another; every one of them will be thrown down" Luke 21:6. But then Jesus also prophesied about times that have not yet been fulfilled and that are probably related to his second coming, and this is how the Lord Jesus referred to these times: "Nation will go to war against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, and there will be famines and plagues in many lands" Luke 21:10-11. These times described by Jesus have a great similarity with other prophecies such as those of Nostradamus, a French clairvoyant. And this prophecy made by Jesus is of great importance, because the doctrine of the Kingdom of God, the dominion or empire of God's perfections, also includes the resolution of the problem of sin and error in humanity. Jesus prophesied in order to alert his followers and train them in that eschatological hope that has to be realized at some future time. This is why Jesus delved deeper into what would happen in these times yet to be fulfilled with these words: "Men will faint from fear and anxiety over what is coming upon the earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken" Luke 21:26. For Jesus, these times of difficulties would serve to test the true followers of the Kingdom from the false ones, and thus save those chosen by God.

[mariacallous]

Croatia is to deliver scores of old tanks and armoured vehicles to embattled Ukraine, helping Kyiv to defend itself against the Russian invasion while upgrading its own domestic military capabilities, a military analyst told BIRN.

The Croatian and German Defence Ministers, Ivan Anusic and Boris Pistorius, signed a letter of intent in Berlin on Monday to deliver the Cold War-era tanks and armoured vehicles to Ukraine and receive in exchange modern German Leopard 2A8 tanks.

“Germany will give financial support to that project,” said Pistorius, who thanked Croatia for participating in the Defence Contact Group for Ukraine.

“We have agreed to exchange our technology for Western technology: 30 M84 battle tanks and 30 M80 infantry combat vehicles will be sent to Ukraine by the end of the year,” Anusic said..”Germany will take this delivery as an advance for the purchase of up to 50 tanks of the latest generation 2A8, which will begin to be manufactured,” he added, noting that the first deliveries of German tanks are expected in 2026.

Slavko Baric, a retired lieutenant general of the Croatian Army and lecturer at the Faculty of Political Sciences, told BIRN that the aid to Ukraine is significant.

“Those tanks were once at the very top when it comes to cannon, maneuverability and armour. Regardless of the fact that the tank is a certain number of years old, it is still a significantly improved version,” Baric said, noting that the Croatian M84 can compete with almost all the tanks currently used by Russia.

He emphasized also that the M84 has been in use in Ukraine for a long time. “This means that the adaptation of crews is much shorter,” Baric said.

“It won’t bring a decisive advantage but it will make it possible to close gaps that have arisen. On the entire front, an incredible number of tanks and infantry combat vehicles are damaged and destroyed on one side and the other, so it is extremely important to have the possibility to fill the gap for those tanks that are missing,” he added.

According to unofficial information, Croatia has about 70 M84 tanks and 50 are in good condition and ready for use. Ten are deemed not worth repairing and another ten will be repaired. The intention is for all these tanks to be sent to Ukraine and replaced by Leopards.

The German minister said the move was another step towards the harmonization of armed systems within NATO, but also to the strengthening of German industry.

General Baric called the acquisition of Leopard tanks a big step forward. “We’re purchasing tanks with the best performance. Now it is important that we work on a new doctrine of use, and that … is the essence of everything. We have to think about air-ground use of forces and their integration,” Baric said. “This raises the Croatian Army to a new level,” he added.

After Croatia’s war 1991-5 for independence from the former Yugoslavia ended, the Croatian army was armed mainly with captured Soviet-type weapons. It has since modernized most of its equipment. The old 7.62mm Kalashnikov caliber gave way to the NATO-standard 5.56mm, ageing MiG-21s were replaced with French Dassault Rafale fighter jets, and now the country is phasing out its cohort of Soviet-era tanks.

[musicindustry123]

Legalities of Creating Music Covers: What Every Artist Needs to Know

Creating music covers can be an exciting journey for musicians to express their artistry and connect with an audience by reinterpreting well-known songs. However, one often overlooked but crucial part of creating music covers is understanding the legal landscape, particularly copyright laws, which can affect how and where artists share their work. Ignoring or misunderstanding these laws can lead to complex legal issues, including copyright claims, content removal, or even financial penalties. In this article, we’ll walk through everything you need to know about copyright, fair use, and obtaining licenses when creating music covers, ensuring that your creative journey stays safe, legal, and respectful to original artists.

Understanding Copyright and How It Affects Music Covers

Copyright is a form of legal protection given to the creators of original works, including music. When a song is copyrighted, the owner has exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, perform, and make derivative works from that song. This means that without permission, creating music covers could violate copyright law, especially if you plan to distribute or monetize them.

Key Aspects of Copyright for Covers:

Exclusive Rights: The song’s copyright owner holds the exclusive rights to any reproduction or distribution.

Derivative Works: Covers are typically considered derivative works, meaning they can only be legally shared with permission from the copyright holder.

Length of Copyright: Copyright on most songs lasts 70 years after the death of the creator, but it can vary based on when and where the song was created.

What Is Fair Use and How Does It Apply to Covers?

Fair use is a doctrine that allows for limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner, but it’s generally complex to apply to creating music covers. In some cases, artists believe that altering a song or performing it for educational purposes falls under fair use, but this isn’t always legally accurate.

When Fair Use Might Apply:

Educational Purposes: Covers made solely for educational or commentary purposes might fall under fair use but often face challenges.

Transformative Use: If a cover significantly transforms the song with a new meaning or style, it may qualify as fair use, but this is typically a gray area.

Non-Commercial Use: Covers that are not monetized and are used in personal or non-commercial settings may sometimes be safer, but fair use is rarely guaranteed.

Example: A college music student may create a cover as part of a school assignment, which might qualify as educational fair use. However, this does not extend to public platforms if monetization is enabled.

What Is a Mechanical License, and Why Do You Need It?

For most cases, musicians creating music covers will need a mechanical license, which grants permission to reproduce and distribute copyrighted music. This license is essential if you plan to share your covers on platforms like YouTube, Spotify, or Apple Music, especially when there is any form of revenue generation.

How to Obtain a Mechanical License:

Identify the Song’s Publisher: Use resources like ASCAP, BMI, or SESAC to locate the music’s publisher.

Use Licensing Services: Services like Harry Fox Agency, Songfile, or Easy Song Licensing offer mechanical licenses for a fee.

Consider YouTube’s Content ID: For covers on YouTube, the platform may automatically license the song if the copyright holder allows, but it may also claim any ad revenue generated from your video.

Example: If you plan to cover a popular song on YouTube, acquiring a mechanical license ensures you can legally publish and potentially monetize the cover.

Licensing for Different Platforms

Each platform has unique rules regarding music covers, making it essential to understand their policies. Here’s a quick guide to the requirements on some of the most popular platforms for sharing music covers:

YouTube:

Content ID System: YouTube’s automated Content ID system matches your cover with copyrighted material. If a match is found, YouTube may place ads on your video, with revenue going to the original copyright owner.

Revenue Sharing: Some copyright holders allow revenue sharing, where a portion of ad revenue from your cover goes to them.

Manual Licensing: A mechanical license can help protect your cover, but you may still need permission from the copyright owner.

Spotify and Apple Music:

Mechanical License Required: Both platforms require mechanical licenses for covers. Unlike YouTube, there is less flexibility here, as these platforms are strictly for streaming audio.

Distribution Services: Many distribution services, such as TuneCore, DistroKid, and CD Baby, offer cover song licensing for these platforms.

TikTok and Instagram:

Short Clips: Short cover clips may fall into a gray area, but if they’re over a certain length, copyright holders may still issue claims.

Sound Catalogs: Both platforms have built-in sound catalogs, which sometimes include pre-licensed covers or original songs available for use in short videos.

Steps to Ensure Legal Compliance When Creating Music Covers

To keep your creative journey safe and avoid any unwanted legal issues, follow these steps when creating music covers:

Research the Copyright Status: Before covering a song, check its copyright status. Some older songs may be in the public domain, allowing free use.

Obtain a Mechanical License: If the song is copyrighted and you intend to distribute it publicly, secure a license through services like Easy Song Licensing.

Use Content ID When Necessary: If you’re covering a song on YouTube, Content ID may automatically protect you, but it’s safer to get a mechanical license.

Avoid Unauthorized Monetization: Only monetize your cover if you have secured the proper licenses and permissions.

Example: Suppose you’re creating a music cover of a contemporary pop song for YouTube. Acquiring a mechanical license ensures that you’re covered legally, even if YouTube’s Content ID system detects the original copyrighted material.

Consequences of Copyright Violations

Failing to respect copyright laws when creating music covers can have significant repercussions, ranging from content removal to legal disputes. Here are some common issues musicians face:

Content Removal: Platforms like YouTube or Instagram can remove your cover if the copyright owner files a claim.

Revenue Loss: Copyright holders can claim revenue from your cover if you didn’t obtain the correct license.

Legal Penalties: Repeated or severe copyright infringements may lead to legal action or financial penalties.

Example: In 2019, several YouTube cover artists reported demonetized videos or channel strikes because they uploaded covers without securing proper licenses.

Tips for Avoiding Copyright Issues in Music Covers

Be Transparent with Copyright Holders: Communicating with copyright holders can sometimes result in permissions or licensing agreements.

Add a Disclaimer: While it won’t protect you legally, including a disclaimer about copyright shows respect for the original work.

Consider Royalty-Free Music: Using royalty-free music tracks can allow you to reinterpret popular sounds without legal risks.

Follow Platform Guidelines: Every platform has unique copyright guidelines. Familiarize yourself with them to avoid copyright conflicts.

Conclusion:

Creating music covers can be an incredible way for artists to share their talent, explore their creativity, and connect with fans. However, understanding the legal aspects is essential to avoid potential copyright issues that could disrupt your artistic journey. By following the steps above and respecting copyright laws, you can enjoy the process of creating music covers without legal complications. Remember, a mechanical license, fair use awareness, and adherence to platform policies are keys to keeping your covers legal and ensuring you stay focused on what matters most—sharing your passion for music.