#30 November 1609

[rabbitcruiser]

Galileo Galilei observed the moon through a telescope for the first time on November 30, 1609,  and drew its mountains, craters and oceans.

[whencyclopedia]

Charles I of England

Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was a Stuart king who, like his father James I of England (r. 1603-1625), viewed himself as a monarch with absolute power and a divine right to rule. His lack of compromise with Parliament led to the English Civil Wars (1642-51), his execution, and the abolition of the monarchy in 1649.

King Charles grew tired of wrangles with Parliament over money and so decided to do without that institution for eleven years. Then between 1640 and 1642, Charles was obliged to call Parliament to raise cash for his campaigns against a Scottish army, which had occupied northern England, and a full-blown rebellion in Ireland, both fuelled by religious differences and the king’s high-handed policies. Parliament attempted to guarantee its own future, and when the king broke his promises of reform, war broke out. The English Civil War was largely fought between ‘Roundheads’ (Parliamentarians) and ‘Cavaliers’ (Royalists) in over 600 battles and sieges in England alone. Ultimately, the professional New Model Army won the day for Parliament and Charles I was tried and found guilty of treason to his own people and government. The king was executed on 30 January 1649. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) ruled the ‘commonwealth’ republic as Lord Protector, but his death was soon followed by the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The new king was Charles’ son, Charles II of England (r. 1660–1685).

Family & Early Life

Charles was born on 19 November 1600 in Dunfermline Palace, Scotland. His father was James I of England (who was also James VI of Scotland, r. 1567-1625), and his mother was Anne of Denmark (l. 1574-1619), the daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (r. 1559-1588). Charles’ grandmother was Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567). James I was of the royal Stuart line, and he had unified the thrones of Scotland and England after Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603) left no heir. Charles was the second son of King James, but his elder brother Henry died of typhoid fever in 1612 and so he became the heir apparent. Charles’ elder sister Elizabeth (b. 1596) married the King of Bohemia, and her grandson would rule England as George I of England (r. 1714-1727), the first of the Hanoverian Dynasty.

Charles did not enjoy robust health as a child, he was shy - perhaps because of his stammer, and he always came second-best when compared to his more favoured brother Henry. Reaching maturity, Charles spent a lot of time with King James’ hated courtier George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham. The duke was seen as a talentless social upstart who had enjoyed a meteoric rise only thanks to the king’s infatuation with him.

In 1624 it was arranged for Charles to marry Henrietta Maria (1609-1669), the young sister of Louis XIII of France (1610-1643). The French royal obviously did not mind the small stature of her betrothed - a mere 1.6 metres tall (5ft 4 in) or his reputation for being rather stubborn, dull-witted, and a complete stranger to a sense of humour. The couple went on to have nine children, the two eldest sons being Charles (b. 1630) and James (b. 1633), both of whom would one day become king.

Continue reading...

[royalty-nobility]

Portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria

Artist: Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599-1641)

Henrietta Maria of France (25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from her marriage to King Charles I on 13 June 1625 until Charles was executed on 30 January 1649. She was mother of his sons Charles II and James II and VII. Under a decree of her husband, she was known in England as Queen Mary, but she did not like this name and signed her letters "Henriette" or "Henriette Marie".

[rajendraricegeneralmills]

The Ultimate Showdown - Basmati vs. Non-Basmati Rice

 Rice, a staple food for billions worldwide, comes in countless varieties, but today, we’re focusing on two main contenders: basmati and non-basmati rice. While both end up on our plates, they have distinct characteristics that can elevate your culinary experience.

What Are Basmati and Non-Basmati Rice?

Basmati Rice: Basmati rice is a premium long-grain rice known for its unique aroma, flavor, and elongated grain size. Harvested between October and November in regions like India Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and some regions of Pakistan Punjab, basmati rice remains long slender and the grains stay separate when cooked. This makes it a popular choice for dishes like biryanis, pulaos, pilafs, and a wide array of dishes from around the world.

From the aromatic biryanis of South Asia to the vibrant paellas of Spain, Basmati rice features prominently in global cuisine. Whether it’s the comforting Tahdig of Iran or the spicy jollof rice of West Africa, Basmati rice adds its distinctive fragrance and texture to each dish it graces.

In addition to biryanis, pulaos, and pilafs, Basmati rice is used in a multitude of culinary creations:

·       Jollof Rice: A West African favorite, where Basmati rice is cooked with a flavorful tomato-based sauce and served with chicken, fish, or vegetables.

·       Arroz con Pollo: A Latin American delight, where Basmati rice is simmered with chicken, vegetables, and aromatic spices like saffron and paprika.

·       Kedgeree: A British-Indian fusion dish, combining Basmati rice with smoked fish, hard-boiled eggs, and curry spices.

·       Plov: A Central Asian specialty, featuring Basmati rice cooked with meat, carrots, onions, and a blend of fragrant spices.

·       Rice Pudding: A beloved dessert in various cultures, made by simmering Basmati rice with milk, sugar, and spices until thick and creamy, often garnished with raisins, nuts, or fruit.

·       Kabsa: The national dish of Saudi Arabia, features a flavorful mix of long grain basmati rice and meat. It can be made with camel, lamb, chicken, or fish and is seasoned with aromatic spices. The meat and rice may be cooked together or separately, creating a rich and savory staple of Saudi cuisine.

From savory mains to sweet treats, Basmati rice’s versatility knows no bounds, offering a delightful culinary journey across continents and cultures. 

Known for its lovely aroma and premium texture, basmati rice is often used for special occasions and celebrations. Various types of basmati rice include 1121 Basmati Rice, known for its extra-long grains; Pusa Basmati Rice, appreciated for its high yield and aromatic quality; 1401 Basmati Rice, which is recognized for its distinct taste and texture; 1509 Basmati Rice, a newer variety that cooks quickly and has long grains; Traditional Basmati Rice, which offers the classic, original aroma and flavor; and Sugandha Basmati Rice, valued for its sweet fragrance and delicious taste.

According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), 45 varieties of basmati rice have been notified under the Seeds Act, 1966. These include Basmati 217, Punjab Basmati 1 (Bauni Basmati), Basmati 386, Punjab Basmati 2, Punjab Basmati 3, Basmati 370, Haryana Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati (HBC 19), Type 3 (Dehraduni Basmati), Pant Basmati 1 (IET 21665), Pant Basmati 2 (IET 21953), Kasturi, Mahi Sugandha, Basmati CSR 30 (After amendment), Malviya Basmati Dhan 10-9 (IET 21669), Ranbir Basmati, Basmati 564, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 1121 (After amendment), Pusa Basmati 1509 (IET 21960), Pusa Basmati 6 (Pusa 1401), Pusa Basmati 1609, Pusa Basmati 1637, Pusa Basmati 1728, Vallabh Basmati 22, Vallabh Basmati 21 (IET 19493), Vallabh Basmati 23, Vallabh Basmati 24, Pusa Basmati 1718, Punjab Basmati 4, Punjab Basmati 5, Haryana Basmati 2, Pusa Basmati 1692, Jammu Basmati 118, Jammu Basmati 138, Jammu Basmati 129, Jammu Basmati 123, Pusa Basmati 1847, Pusa Basmati 1885, Pusa Basmati 1886, Pusa Basmati 1985, Pusa Basmati 1979, Pusa Basmati 1882, and Punjab Basmati 7. 

Non-Basmati Rice: In comparison to Basmati Non-basmati rice is a diverse category that includes various grain sizes and textures. Any rice other than basmati rice is named non-basmati rice. In the world, it has been reported that there are 10,000 varieties of rice, with the maximum number found in India. Non-basmati rice is more affordable than basmati rice. While there are exceptions, most non-basmati varieties are cheaper and do not exhibit a unique aroma while cooking. It is commonly used in everyday cooking for a variety of dishes, from traditional curries and lentils to simple rice bowls. It is a staple in many households due to its affordability and versatility.

Here are some popular varieties of non-basmati rice: PR11 Rice, known for its medium grain and high yield; PR14 Rice, which is appreciated for its versatility in various dishes; Sharbati Rice, a long-grain rice that is often considered a budget-friendly alternative to basmati rice; and IR64 Rice, which is popular for its short to medium grain size and is widely used in daily meals due to its economical price and reliable quality. Other popular varieties include Sona Masoori Rice, Jeera Samba Rice, 100% Broken Rice, Ponni Rice, IR8 Rice, Matta Rice, Idly/Kranti Rice, Sugandha Rice, Parmal Rice, and Swarna Rice.

Grain Length and Appearance

Basmati: Basmati rice grains are long and slender, typically measuring about 7.5 to 8.5 millimeters in length. The elongated grains remain separate after cooking and elongate dramatically during cooking – up to threefold, giving the rice a slender and light texture. Basmati rice is the epitome of long-grain rice, boasting a pearly white color and a characteristic fragrance.

Non-Basmati: This category is diverse. Non-basmati rice can be short, medium, or long-grain. The average grain length of raw non-basmati rice before cooking is 6 mm and shorter.

Aroma and Flavor

Basmati: Basmati rice possesses a distinct scent reminiscent of pandan leaves, attributed to the presence of the aromatic compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Naturally occurring in Basmati grains at approximately 0.09 ppm, this compound is about 12 times more abundant in Basmati compared to other rice varieties, contributing to its unique aroma and taste. This natural fragrance is also found in cheese, fruits, and various grains. Approved as a flavoring agent in the United States and Europe, it is commonly used in bakery items to enhance aroma.

Non-Basmati: Non-basmati rice is known for its diverse taste and aroma profiles, which can vary depending on the specific variety and growing conditions. Unlike basmati rice, it typically lacks the distinctive fragrance but offers a more neutral taste. Some varieties may have subtle hints of sweetness, while others might exhibit nutty or earthy undertones. The versatility of non-basmati rice allows it to be used in various culinary applications, from savory to sweet, making it a popular choice in many cuisines worldwide.

Cooking Characteristics

Basmati: Requires specific cooking techniques to achieve that long slender, separate texture. Cooking tends to reduce the amount of a pleasant-smelling molecule called 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice. Soaking the rice for half an hour before cooking allows it to cook in 20% less time, while also helping to retain more of this aroma compound.

Non-Basmati: Non-basmati grains are generally shorter and may have broader shapes compared to basmati rice, contributing to differences in cooking behavior and final texture. During cooking, non-basmati rice often requires shorter cooking times but may exhibit lower elongation ratios and water uptake compared to basmati varieties. Moreover, non-basmati rice varieties usually have higher bulk density, indicating denser grains compared to basmati rice. 

Post-Cooking Length Enhancement

Basmati rice is known for its unique characteristic of elongating significantly after cooking, often tripling in length. In its raw state, Basmati rice grains typically measure around 7.5 to 8.50 mm. This notable elongation makes Basmati rice a preferred choice for various dishes, especially for special occasions. 

In contrast, non-Basmati varieties do not exhibit the same degree of post-cooking elongation. Instead, these varieties are often selected for dishes that require a smooth or sticky texture, and they generally have an average pre-cooked length of approximately 6.90 mm and less.

Nutritional Value

Basmati: Both basmati and non-basmati rice are good sources of carbohydrates. According to FDC FoodData Central USA, a 100-gram portion of basmati rice contains 148 kcal of energy, 3.52 grams of protein, 32.39 grams of carbohydrates, 0.7 grams of total dietary fiber, 0 grams of total lipid (fat), 0 grams of total sugars, 14 mg of calcium, and 42 mg of potassium. Basmati rice is generally lower in resistant starch, which can have digestive benefits.

Non-Basmati: The nutritional value can vary. For instance, according to FDC FoodData Central USA, a 100-gram portion of non-basmati rice contains 365 kcal of energy, 7.13 grams of protein, 80 grams of carbohydrates, 0.66 grams of total lipid, 0.12 grams of total sugars, 28 mg of calcium, 25 mg of magnesium, and 115 mg of potassium. Brown non-basmati rice, for example, offers more fiber than white rice.

Price and Availability

Basmati: Due to its unique characteristics and limited growing regions, basmati rice tends to be more expensive.

Non-Basmati: Widely available and affordable, making it a pop

Conclusion: Basmati vs. Non-Basmati Rice

Basmati and non-basmati rice differ significantly in grain size, aroma, flavor, and cooking characteristics. Basmati rice, with its distinct fragrance and elongated grains, is often reserved for special occasions, while non-basmati rice, with its variety of grain sizes and textures, is a versatile and affordable option for everyday meals. When choosing rice, consider the dish you are preparing and the desired outcome, as there is no single “best” rice—it all depends on your culinary needs. Basmati rice’s lower calorie content, lower glycemic index, and unique aroma make it an excellent choice for those seeking health benefits and special flavors, while non-basmati rice provides higher protein and mineral content, making it a nutritious and economical staple for everyday use. 

The Blog" The Ultimate Showdown - Basmati vs. Non-Basmati Rice " is originally post on Here.

[miwisconsin]

Oportunidades para tener una cena gratis de Acción de Gracias (Thanksgiving)

Estuvimos con Dulce Maria Vlisides para hablar de la celebración que reúne a millones de familias durante el cuarto jueves de noviembre, conocido como el día de Acción de Gracias o Día del Pavo. Esta festividad muy popular en la cultura norteamericana, es ajena para muchos inmigrantes que no celebran esta fecha o que simplemente la toman como un día normal. Pero muchos no tienen el suficiente dinero para realizar una cena de Acción de Gracias, y es así cómo el centro comunitario Goodman Community Center, en el east de Madison, ofrece cada año alrededor de 4000 pavos o más, que se entregan gratuitos para las familias. La canasta va acompañada con todo los ingredientes necesarios para preparar el pavo. Dulce también contó durante la entrevista cómo fueron para ella las primeras celebraciones y cómo fue su experiencia aprendiendo a entender el significado para la comunidad anglo.  Aunque la fecha para llenar la forma y ganarse a una de estas canastas ya se cerró, Dulce nos contó de otra fecha tentativa durante la entrevista para que puedan recibir un pavo gratuito.  Las personas que quieren apoyar la repartición de 4.200 pavos, como voluntarios, puede llenar la forma en este link Dulce Maria Vlisides hace parte del Board Director del Goodman Center y trabaja como Associate Director of Community Engagement & Impact para PBS Wisconsin.  Otros lugares donde pueden recibir pavos gratuitos: THANKSGIVING DINNER by WAUNAKEE SENIOR CENTER Dirección: 333 South Madison Street, Waunakee WI, 53597 Dias: Thanksgiving lunch will be served on Friday, November 17, 2023 at 11:30. Cómo Aplicar: Reservations are required and those in our service area are allowed to reserve a spot first. Call for reservation  THANKSGIVING MEAL – MEADOWRIDGE COMMONS by WEST MADISON SENIOR CENTER Dirección: 5724 RAYMOND ROAD, MADISON WI, 53711 Dias: Tuesday November 13, 2018, starting at 12 Noon Cómo Aplicar: Call for reservations at (608) 238-7368 ext 8  FREE THANKSGIVING MEAL by FIRST CONGREGATIONAL UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST Dirección: 1609 University Avenue, Madison WI, 53726 Dias: Thanksgiving meal on Thursday, November 23, 2023, from 12 noon – 3pm Cómo Aplicar: Pick up or delivery available, Register by 5pm on Thursday, November 16th. Registration is available online at firstcongmadison.org or by calling 608-233-9751.  FREE THANKSGIVING DINNER by LAKEVIEW LUTHERAN CHURCH Dirección: 4001 Mandrake Road, Madison WI, 53704 Dias: Thursday November 24, 2022: 12 Noon-1:30pm. Cómo Aplicar: Necesita llamar al: 608-244-6181 for both sit-down dinner and take-outs. Sit-down reservations will be capped at 100 people. Take-outs will be capped at 50  THANKSGIVING MEALS by THE SALVATION ARMY OF DANE COUNTY Dirección: 630 East Washington Avenue, Madison WI, 53703 Dias: Wednesday, November 15th, 2023 5pm-7pm Cómo Aplicar: No registration needed, but meal will be first come first serve. November 15th from 5pm to 7pm at 3030 Darbo Dr, Madison, in the community center gym THANKSGIVING BASKETS by SUN PRAIRIE EMERGENCY FOOD PANTRY Dirección: 18 Rickel Road, Sun Prairie WI, 53590 Cómo Aplicar: Thanksgiving Baskets are available during regular pantry hours November 8 – November 22, 2023. No registration required. Customers can pick up their Thanksgiving Basket during their normal pantry visit, however a pantry visit is not required THANKSGIVING MEALS by GOOD SHEPHERD LUTHERAN CHURCH Dirección: 5701 Raymond Road, Madison WI, 53711 Dias: Thanksgiving Day 2023 from 11am-1pm Cómo Aplicar: Walk in; call during office hours for information on volunteering. THANKSGIVING BASKETS by NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE COMMUNITY CENTER Dirección: 29 South Mills Street, Madison WI, 53715 Dias: Pick up takes place Monday November 20, 2023 from 12pm-6pm at Neighborhood House Cómo Aplicar: Register through their website on the Thanksgiving Baskets page: http://www.neighborhoodhousemadison.org  THE SINA DAVIS COMMUNITY THANKSGIVING DINNER by BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB OF DANE COUNTY Dirección: 4619 Jenewein Road, Fitchburg WI, 53711 Dias: Thursday, November 23rd, 2023, from 11am-2pm Cómo Aplicar: Offered as a sit-down meal or get your food to go. There will also be activities for your family to enjoy at the event. Pre-registration and walk-ups are welcome. Administrative Phone: 608-257-2606, Agency Website: http://www.bgcdc.org   Read the full article

[baliportalnews]

YOU Beauty Menyambut Ulang Tahun Ke-5 Melalui Rangkaian Lengkap YOU Radiance Glow Series

BALIPORTALNEWS.COM, JAKARTA – Menyambut ulang tahun YOU Beauty ke-5 pada 15 November 2023 dengan mengusung tema ‘Glow & Shine with YOU’. YOU Beauty mengajak seluruh beauty enthusiast di Indonesia untuk bersinar bersama YOU Beauty melalui rangkaian lengkap YOU Radiance Glow Series. YOU Beauty mengusung tema Glow yang mengacu kepada produk perawatan kulit terbarunya yaitu YOU Radiance Glow Series yang juga akan menjadi simbol dalam perayaan ulang tahunnya ke-5, selain itu Glow juga memiliki makna yang lebih dalam dari kulit yang cerah tetapi juga hidup yang bersinar melalui pikiran yang bahagia. Tema Shine yang memiliki arti bahwa YOU Beauty terus tumbuh berkembang dan bersinar dalam 5 tahun terakhir dengan dukungan dari berbagai pihak seperti partner bisnis, Brand Ambassador, karyawan, pelanggan setia dan juga komunitas #beYOUtyGang Indonesia. Kulit glowing dan sehat menjadi salah satu kondisi kulit yang diidamkan oleh setiap orang. Namun, akibat beberapa faktor lingkungan seperti polusi dan aparan sinar matahari membuat kulit wajah menjadi mudah kusam dan tidak bercahaya. YOU Beauty memahami permasalahan ini dan merespon dengan kembali menghadirkan produk pelengkap dari rangkaian YOU Radiance Glow sebagai solusi untuk mencerahkan kulit secara optimal sehingga kulit tampak sehat dan bersinar. Melanjutkan warisan produk pencerah kulit sebelumnya, kini YOU Beauty menghadirkan YOU Radiance Glow Series sebagai hadiah kepada para pengguna setia YOU Beauty dalam rangka menyambut ulang tahun YOU Beauty ke-5 dan juga menandai babak baru bagi YOU Beauty untuk terus melakukan inovasi pada lini produk perawatan kulit dengan menyediakan produk yang gentle dan sehat kepada lebih banyak orang. Setelah sebelumnya sukses meluncurkan produk pencerah melalui 2 produk rangkaian YOU Radiance Glow, yaitu Radiance Glow Purifying Facial Foam dan Radiance Glow Illuminating Serum, YOU Beauty kembali menghadirkan 3 rangkaian produk lainnya sebagai pelengkap dari YOU Radiance Glow Series yang terdiri dari Radiance Glow Toner Essence, Radiance Glow Advanced Day Cream, dan Radiance Glow Active Night Gel. YOU Radiance Glow Series hadir atas kerjasama Y.O.U Lab bersama Tadahiro Shimada selaku ahli perawatan kulit ternama di Jepang dalam penelitian dan pengembangan untuk menciptakan kandungan utama dalam produk, yaitu MizuGlow Tech. Inovasi MizuGlow Tech ini terdiri dari 4 bahan utama diantaranya 3X Vitamin C, Japanese Sakura Extract, Lactobionic Acid, dan 99% High-Purity Niacinamide yang bekerja dalam menghambat produksi melanin, memberikan perlindungan sebagai antioksidan terhadap kerusakan akibat sinar UV, menenangkan kulit, meratakan tekstur kulit, meremajakan kulit, dan mengecilkan pori-pori. Selain itu, rangkaian produk ini juga dilengkapi dengan kandungan soothing 5 yang terdiri dari Bisabolol, Provitamin B5, Centella Asiatica Extract, Gentian Root Extract, dan SymSitive® 1609, yang dimana kandungan tersebut cocok untuk digunakan pada kulit wajah yang berminyak, berjerawat dan sensitif. Perpaduan antara inovasi teknologi tinggi dan bahan alami yang ada pada YOU Radiance Glow Series membuatnya menjadi pilihan tepat untuk merawat kulit wajah secara lembut sehingga tampak lebih cerah, bersinar dan sehat dalam waktu 10 hari (berdasarkan uji pada 128 pengguna selama 2 minggu, dengan rentang usia 17-30 tahun, mewakili jenis kulit sensitif, dan berminyak). YOU Radiance Glow Series saat ini telah hadir dan bisa didapatkan dengan harga mulai dari Rp48.600,00 secara eksklusif di YOU Official Store dengan berbagai penawaran spesial dan giveaway mulai dari tanggal 13 November dalam menyambut YOU 5pectanniversary.(*/bpn) Read the full article

[dawnmarsmleighton]

The Mayflower was a large ship (specifically a Dutch cargo fluyt) used by a number of English families, now known today as the Pilgrims, to travel from England to the New World (now known the Western Hemisphere) in 1620. The ship carried a total of 132 people (102 passengers and 30 crewmembers), on a voyage that lasted 10 weeks, landing in America and dropping anchor in Cape Cod, Massachusetts on the 21st of November. The pilgrims had originally intended to sail to the New World in October with 2 ships, but after a series of delays and complications, only one of these planned ships set out on the voyage, the Mayflower. The ship made it’s maiden voyage sometime before 1609, and went out of service between 1622 and 1624, where it got taken apart. Despite being a ship of English origin, the Mayflower has become a cultural icon in American history.

[thestarofmoon]

On this day: 30 November 1609, Galileo Galilei made his first detailed observations of the Moon. Using a telescope with 20x magnification he examined and drew the Moon from 30 November to 18 December. Four of the drawings were subsequently engraved for publication in March 1610.

More 👉 https://planetarymapping.wordpress.com/2015/11/17/galileos-moon-drawing/

[sherrynamdeo]

Drawings of the moon (1609)

On this day (30 November) in 1609 Galileo Galilei, was inspired to produce this extremely famous set of six watercolors of the Moon in its various phases "from life," as he observed the Earth's satellite through a telescope. They represent the first realistic depiction of the Moon in history.

[badass-traveler]

Merhaba Türkiye (son bölüm)

*son bölüm = EPISODE AKHIR* udah kaya sinetron Elif aja. 

DAY 4

HOT AIR BALLOON TIME!!!!!!

ini yang aku tunggu tunggu, aku pada hari awal sampai Goreme udah harap harap cemas. semoga anginnya bersahabat biar aku bisa ngalamin naik balon udara di kapadokia!! dan sehari sebelum terbang aku udah di WA dari pihak tur jika besok kami akan dijemput di hotel.

before the flight

turnya berasa singkat banget. 2 jam aja kayak 1 detik diatas sana. alhamdulillah salah satu cita citaku yang jadi seperti drone kesampean. emang indah banget ngeliat semuanya dari atas; sunrise, jalanan, ladang warga, little kapadokia.

me & mba Linda

aku pulang dengan perasaan masih ngga percaya. Am I really in Kapadokia? What if this is all dream and suddenly I wake up still on my bed?

dapet sertifikat juga!

setelah sampai hotel, aku ada sedikit explore ke bangunan sekitaran hotel. ngga nyangka aja ini hari terakhir di Goreme.

sarapan terakhir di Goreme. Im gonna miss that hazel eyes guy.

ketika check out, aku disaranin sama owner Hotelnya buat ke Bandara naik Shuttle Bus aja karena kalo pakai bus umum harus oper naik taksi nantinya. aku iyain aja karena kata jwestbros taksi di turki mahal gila. oh ya, sambil menunggu dijemput bus aku dan mba linda sempet jalan jalan ke Pasabag. sumpah udaranya sejuk banget meski hampir jam 1 siang!

time to leave Goreme, bye Selcuk, see you soon Hazel Eyes Guy.

sampai di Bandara Kayseri 40 min before depart dan masih bisa kekejar semua. aman lah. see you soon Istanbul!

Sampai Istanbul jam 6 sore, habis ambil bagasi langsung nyari bus ke Taksim Square trus jalan ke Hotelnya, aku check in di Taksim Sem House Hotel.

NOW YOU IN ISTANBUL!

aku lupa kami sempet makan malem apa engga hahah.

DAY 5

di hari ke 5 ini, jadwalnya kami ke Masjid Camlica, tapi sebelum itu aku mencari toko yang jual istanbul card setelah masuk ke salah satu grocery shop dekat hotel, bapaknya bilang, kamu turun ke bawah nanti ada mesin istanbul card, lu beli deh disana. oke deh, aku harus ke mesin jualan istanbul card dulu.

lanjut yaa, Masjid Camlica ini merupakan masjid terluas di Turki yang dibuka untuk umum dan diresmikan oleh Pak Erdogan pada Bulan Maret 2019. Masjid ini berdiri di area seluas 90 hektar serta bisa menampung 63,000 jamaah. Untuk arsitekturnya sendiri Masjid ini menggabungkan gaya arsitektur era Usmani dan Seljuk. Masjidnya emang bener bener indah sama seperti kebanyakan masjid lainnya di Turki. betah banget ngeliat bangunan bangunan indah begini.

setelah keliling masjid camlica, kami akhirnya mampir makan ke resto seberang masjid buat brunch.

brunch over lanjut jalan jalan ke taman deket jembatan 15 Temmuz Sehitler by bus, cuaca diluar bus terlihat gerimis deras. mau ngga mau kami harus neduh dulu. gerimis reda kami lanjut foto tapi setelah foto foto sejenak masih aja gerimis. akhirnya kami memutuskan untuk balik ke hotel.

DAY 6

paginya dapet email kalo Tour Basilica Cistern kami buat hari ke 7 di cancel. usut punya usut karena kasus covid di Turki meningkat. tapi ngga papa deh, tetep aja aku explore Hagia Sophia dan Blue Mosque. untuk transportasinya sendiri mudah banget menurutku. aku ngandelin maps dan information board yang ada di setiap bus/train stop. sebelum masuk ke area sultanahmet square, barang barang diperiksa oleh polisi. setelah clear baru boleh masuk. aku ngga tau sih sejak kapan ada pemeriksaan barang oleh polisi disetiap titik entrance gate ke Hagia Sophia dan Blue Mosque tapi yang aku tau kalo pernah ada insiden bom bunuh diri pada 12 Januari 2016 di area German Fountain (masih termasuk ke Area Blue Mosque) yang menewaskan 13 orang.

German Fountain

HAGIA SOPHIA

BLUE MOSQUE

masjid yang aku tuju pertama kali adalah Blue Mosque, Masjid yang ada di seberang Hagia Sophia ini dibangun pada tahun 1609–1616 yang sampai saat ini masih aktif digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah umat muslim. Arsitekturnya memang indah banget. aku baca di artikel soal penamaan masjid biru ini karena interiornya dilapisi oleh lebih dari 20.000 ubin Iznik buatan tangan yang memesona. Ubin itu terbuat dari keramik yang berwarna pirus dengan desain tulip merah. Selain itu, lantai dua masjid juga dicat biru dengan cahaya matahari yang masuk melalui lebih dari 200 jendela kaca patri. sewaktu aku masuk dan sholat di masjid ini, aku ngga bisa melihat detail lantai karena ditutupi oleh karpet hijau tebal.

setelah sholat Zuhur usai aku beranjak ke Hagia Sophia. Masjid yang awalnya bangunan Kathedral Ortodoks terbesar di dunia sampai dengan tahun 1520 ini memang super indah. Setelah Konstantinopel ditaklukan oleh Dinasti Usmani pada tahun 1453. Dibawah kepemimpinan Sultan Mehmet II Gereja ini kemudian diubah menjadi masjid yang mana beliau memerintahkan semua simbol/lambang kristen ditutup dengan kain hitam. Masjid ini sempat ditutup pada tahun 1931 dan dibuka kembali pada tahun 1935 - 10 Juli 2020 sebagai museum oleh pemerintah sekuler turki.

Aku baru berkesempatan mengunjungi Hagia Sophia pada November 2020, yang mana sampai waktu aku berkunjung Hagia Sophia dikembalikan lagi fungsinya sebagai Masjid.

setelah kagum kagum dengan keindahan arsitektur hagia sophia aku berencana berkeliling komplek alun alun sultan ahmet, mengunjungi German Fountain yang merupakan hadiah dari Kaisar Jerman Wilhelm II untuk memperingati kunjungan kedua Kaisar Wilhelm II ke Istanbul.

melihat pilar perunggu berkepalakan 3 ular. (sayang kepala ularnya ada di Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum)

melihat monumen Theodosius

melihat monumen roman yang ada di belakang monumen Theodosius.

setelah aku keliling dan ambil gambar sekitar, mba linda mau ngambil cash di HSBC dan kebetulan ATMnya harus jalan kurang lebih 10 menitan dari area sultanahmet maydani. sepanjang kami jalan, kami disapa beberapa orang yang ternyata penjual karpet atau penjual apapun lah, jadi waspada ya guys, kalau disapa atau dideketin siapapun mereka bakalan insist kamu untuk beli barang barang mereka (its okay kalo kamu mau beli, tapi kalo kamu ngga mau beli, they will use many ways to make you buy). setelah ambil cash kelar, kami balik ke arah hagia sophia lagi untuk makan dan untuk explore peristirahatan terakhir sultan mahmud II.

lumayan laper dan mampir makan di Meşhur Sultanahmet Köftecisi. tau resto ini dari youtube-nya jwestbros dan emang enak banget sih, nasi dan kofte (bakso grilled) enak banget, ngga nyesel lah kalo makan disini berkali kali.

habis makan, lanjut sholat ashar dulu ke Nuruosmaniye Mosque trus lanjut lagi jalan pemanasan ke Grand Bazaar buat besok beli oleh oleh.

Nuruosmaniye Mosque

Grand Bazaar

tak lupa sekalian sholat maghrib di Masjid Suleymaniye juga, pokoknya selama di Turki aku berusaha sholat di masjid manapun. karena selain bangunannya indah, kapan lagi sholat di masjid turki?

Masjid Suleymaniye

dan sholat isya' di masjid Yeni/Masjid Baru

setelah lelah berkeliling kami balik ke taksim dan sesampainya di taksim square aku kelaperan dan pengen makan mekdi.

DAY 7

wake up dan siap siap ke Topkapi Palace! jadi museum yang akan aku kunjungin kali ini adalah bekas Istana Sultan Usmani yang dibangun mulai tahun 1459 atas perintah Sultan Mehmet II. bangunannya terdiri dari 4 courtyard, masing masing courtyardnya ada beberapa bangunan. yang aku suka dari tur museum kali ini, ada bangunan para nabi yang isinya ada: jubah, pedang, rambut, bekas telapak kaki nabi muhammad, jubah fathimah, pedang para khalifah, kunci ka'bah dari generasi ke generasi, maket dome of rock palestine, surat pertama dalam islam yang menggunakan cap resmi dari nabi muhammad dan masih banyak peninggalan lainnya.

front gate

first gate

selesai dari topkapi, aku merasa lapar dan pengen explore kuliner selain kebab karena aku yakin perutku ngga akan muat meskipun belum makan berat seharian. aku putuskan untuk makan soup khas turki yaitu di Karaköy Çorba Evi.

untuk menuju ke toko sup ini jelas aku mengandalkan maps dan tram, tokonya lumayan ramai di luar dan sewaktu aku masuk, ada 3 kursi kosong di dalam! setelah memesan sup aku langsung makan tanpa banyak basa basi dan emang enak banget! ngga salah emang reviewnya di gmaps bagus bagus. menu rekomen: sheep soup.

sehabis bayar, aku liat maps - niatnya mau pulang atau explore lagi, eh ternyata tempat sup ini deket banget sama galata tower, ya udah deh explore aja ke galata by feet!

tiket masuknya 30 TL, untuk naik ke towernya naik lift dan turunnya lewat tangga. tempat ini ramai mendekati sunset, karena sunsetnya dramatis banget, keliatan gitu selat bosporusnya.

setelah puas explore galata, kami ke spice bazaar buat beli turkish delight (kebanyakan toko pada tutup sih, jadi begitu nemu toko turkish delight yang buka, aku langsung samperin aja hahaha)

oke, habis dari spice bazaar kami lanjut ke Bandara buat PCR test.

selagi nunggu hasil PCR keluar, aku sholat jama' maghrib dan isya' di bangku bandara karena musholla cewe under construction!

habis sholat trus laper, untung ada mcdonalds!

DAY 8

jam 3.30 masih stuck di bandara buat nungguin PCR result! gila. begitu kelar langsung balik naik bus dan subuhan di hotel trus tidur!

kira kira jam 9 pagi kebangun dan lanjut belanja ke Spice Bazaar lagi hihi. belanja kali ini lebih cepet sih, karena selain ngejar waktu checkout, kami juga udah apal pasarnya hahha.

oh ya, sempet nge-brunch juga di Meşhur Filibe Köftecisi. sayang, bisanya cuman take-away. jadi aku makan tu bakso di taman deket resto.

abis makan, kenyang. langsung deh balik hotel. ekspres banget emang. checkout masih sejam lagi sih.

jadi aku masih sempet packing dan beli jajanan lagi di toko deket hotel.

jam 1 siang mulai jalan ke Havabus Station.

sesampainya di Bandara, sempet ada drama. jadi pesawat yang aku tumpangin itu harusnya berangkat jam 8.10 PM tetapi ada reschedule jam 12 siang atau jam berapa lah aku ngga tau, karena ngga ada pemberitahuan di email akhirnya aku dikasi opsi mau balik malem itu juga tapi nunggu di Doha 12 jam atau balik besok dengan jadwal yang sama. karena aku ngga mau nunggu lama di Doha, akhirnya aku pilih opsi terakhir. semua akomodasi ditanggung pihak Qatar (Hotel + Transport). ini adalah pengalaman yang ngga akan aku lupakan dan aku sejak itu berdoa, "God, semoga aku dimampuin buat naik Qatar terus wherever I go" servicenya keren banget gitu loh (mohon maap udik, baru kali ini naik Qatar dan baru kali ini keluar negeri hahhaa)

DAY 9

bangun bangun masih di Hotel dan bener bener pengennya rebahan aja sampe jam 4 sore. ngga banyak sih yang aku lakukan di hotel selain berdiri di balkon dan ngeliatin jalanan luar Tuzla. Gosh, Im going to leave this city. sedih banget. rasanya pengen lama aja di Turki. rasanya pengen ikutan ujian kemenlu dan lolos terus dapet penempatan di Turki. Aaamiiinn.

udah ah, aku ngga mau cerita lagi gimana rasanya aku ninggalin negara yang indah itu. aku skip sampe CGK aja.

DAY 10.

sampai CGK trus makan di BK karena kelaperan padahal udah dapet meal di pesawat dan semua meal ludes dalam sekejap (kecuali puding dan Couscous). makan kelar, lanjut ke Gambir naik Blue Bird Bus dan this is where i say, "see you soon wild adventure."

note 1: sebenernya bisa lebih hemat kalo pas ke museum langsung beli tiket di TKP tanpa guide dijamin murce. 

note 2: semua pengeluaranku, aku tulis detail disini:

turkey nov 2020 

lil summary: in total, ternyata aku abis  IDR 8,149,718 FOR THE WHOLE THING!  (udah termasuk rapid test, kereta dari semarang - gambir PP, Pesawat CGK - DOHA - QATAR PP, PCR/SWAB di Turkey, Makan + Oleh - Oleh, All kind Activities (Naik Balon di Kapadokia, Museum di Istanbul), All kind of Transport.  sure you can beat me on this? hihi

(ini aja aku masih ada sisa duit 70 Lira something di dompet)

see you soon, Turkey. xx

[rabbitcruiser]

Galileo Galilei observed the moon through a telescope for the first time on November 30, 1609,  and drew its mountains, craters and oceans.

[duskadoesart]

All the Queens of England (1066 Onward)

Matilda of Flanders (Born 1031, died 1083)(Married to William the Conqueror) 

Matilda of Scotland (Born 1080, died 1118)(Married to Henry I) 

Adeliza of Louvain (Born 1103, Died 1151)(Married to Henry I)

Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne (Born 1105, Died 1152)(Married to King Stephen)

Eleanor of Aquitaine (Born 1122, Died 1204)(Married to Henry II)

Berengaria of Navarre (Birth date disputed, somewhere around 1165–1170, died 23rd December 1230)(Married to Richard I)

Isabella Countess of Gloucester (Birth date disputed, born either 1173 or 1174, died 14 October 1217) (Married to King John)

Isabella of Angoulême (Birth date disputed, born around 1186 -1188, died 4th June 1246)(Married to King John)

Eleanor of Provence (Born 1223, died 24th/25th June 1291)(Married to Henry III)

Eleanor of Castile (Born 1241, died 28th November 1290)(Married to Edward I)

Margaret of France (Born 1279, Died 14th February 1318)(Married to Edward I)

Isabella of France (Born 1295, Died 22th August 1358)(Married to Edward II of England)

Philippa of Hainault(Birth date disputed, born between 1310-1315, Died 15th August 1369)(Married to Edward III)

Anne of Bohemia (Born 11th May 1366, Died 7th June 1394)(Married to Richard II)

Isabella of Valois (Born 9th November 1389, died 13th September 1409)(Married to Richard II)

Joan of Navarre (Born 1368, died 10th June 1437)(Married to Henry IV)

Catherine of Valois (Born 27th October 1401, died 3rd January 1437) (Married to Henry V)

Margret of Anjou (Born 23rd March 1430, died 25th August 1482)(Married to Henry VI)

Elizabeth Woodville (Born 1437, died 8th June 1492)(Married to Edward IV)

Anne Neville (Born 11th June 1456, died 16th March 1485) (Married to Richard III)

Elizabeth of York (born 11th February 1466, died 11th February 1503)(Married to Henry VII)

Catherine of Aragon(born 16th December 1485, died 7th January 1536)(Married to Henry VIII)

Anne Boleyn(Birth date disputed, born around 1501-1507, died 19th May 1536)(Married to Henry VIII)

Jane Seymour(Born 1506, died 24th October 1537)(Married to Henry VIII)

Anne of Cleves (Born 1515, Died 16th July 1557)(Married to Henry VIII)

Catherine Howard (Born 1523, Died 13 February 1542)(Married to Henry VIII)

Catherine Parr (Born 1512, died 5th September 1548)(Married to Henry VIII)

Lady Jane Grey (Birth date disputed, born either 1536 or 1537, died 12th February 1554) (The 9 days Queen)(married to Lord Guildford Dudley)

Mary I (Born 18th February 1516, died 17th November 1558) (Married to Philip II of Spain)

Elizabeth I (Born 7th September 1533, died 24 March 1603)(Never Married)

Anne of Denmark (Born 12th December 1574, died 2nd March 1619)(Married to James VI and I)

Henrietta Maria of France (Born 25th November 1609, died 10 September 1669) (Married to Charles I)

Catherine of Braganza (Born 25th November 1638, died 31 December 1705)(Married to Charles II)

Mary of Modena (Born 5th October 1658, died 7th May 1718) (Married to James II & VII)

Mary II (Born 30th April 1662, died 28 December 1694)(Co-ruled and was married to William III & II)

Anne (Born 6th February 1665, Died 1 August 1714) (Married to Prince George of Denmark)

Caroline of  Ansbach (Born 1st March 1683, died 20 November 1737) (Married to George II)

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Born 19th May 1744, died 17th November 1818) (Married to George III)

Caroline of Brunswick (born 17 May 1768, died 7th August 1821) (Married to George IV)

Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (Born 13th August 1792, died 2nd December 1849) (Married to William IV)

Queen Victoria (Born 24 May 1819, died 22nd January 1901)(married to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)

Alexandra of Denmark (Born 1st December 1844, died 20 November 1925)(Married to Edward VII)

Mary of Teck (Born 26th May 1867, died 24th March 1953)(Married to George V)

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (Born 4th August 1900, died 30 March 2002)(Married to George VI)

Queen Elizabeth II (Born 21 April 1926) (Married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh)

[yileyang]

Older Media VS New Media

Newspaper VS Online Journalism

History of Newspaper

Johannes Gutenberg's printing press has lowered the price of printed materials and paved the way for the Newspaper. The first weekly Newspaper emerged in 1609. This Newspaper has achieved success and spread through central Europe. In 1621, England printed the first Newspaper called Corante, and in 1641, the Newspaper spread into every country in Europe (4.2 History of Newspapers, 2016).

At the beginning of the 19th century, the circulation of Newspapers is deficient. With the development of technology and the rise of literacy, the circulations have increased, and the Newspaper's price decreased. For instance, "The Times, for example, increased circulation from 5,000 in 1815 (price seven pence) to 50,000 by the mid-19th century (five pence) (Newspaper, 2020)." In the United States, Benjamin Day has created the first successful penny paper, "the Sun in New York City," in 1833. Later, the Newspaper was shaped into many modern journalism directions, including entertainment, political, and economic (Newspaper, 2020). 

Why Newspaper is important

Newspaper is using to expose scandals, discover the government's issues, and identify the health danger. Newspapers have transmitted the information to particular audiences. For instance, general readers will be interested in politics, crime, wars, and economics. However, a farm newspaper will make some developments in farming technologies and the price of the crop. Before, people used to know the latest events from the Newspaper. For example, in the recent international event- COVID 19, people always get information about the situation from the news. Since the limitation of technology, Newspaper is the best way to transmit data. Newspaper can provide knowledge and improve readers' levels of literacy. Also, Newspapers can deliver job opportunities for people. Before, there is various job information posted in the Newspaper. With the development of technology, online news has started replacing the Newspaper.

The transformation from Newspaper to the online journalism

With the development of the new communication technologies, the media has transformed from Gutenberg's printing press to online journalism. Since the appearance of the age of the internet and Web 2.0, the media has changed to a digital way, which made information dissemination faster and more efficient. For news, it has been changed from a one-way information flow to serval spreading flows. People can now share their comments on the internet, and they can get the news more quickly with their cell phones.

Social Impacts

News media expresses the political consciousness, spread the ideas and culture of the society. The article "Newsprint media representations of the introduction of the HPV vaccination programme for cervical cancer prevention in the UK (2005–2008)" shows that Newspaper is a tool to diffuse information. This article argues that Newspaper is beneficial for the introduction and promotion of HPV vaccination. According to the report, "positive media campaigns to promote immunization have been shown to improve uptake rates by increasing public knowledge of the dangers of vaccine-preventable diseases (Wallace, Corben, Turahui, & Gilmour, 2008)." This quotation shows that news media can enhance people's understanding of HPV and the importance of vaccination. The article demonstrates that news media should introduce positive reports about HPV, which contributes to influencing the public's acceptance and necessity of HPV. When people perceive the disease's risk and perceive the vaccination's safety, the incentive to vaccinate will increase (Smailbegovic, Laing, & Bedford, 2003). This article indicates that Newspaper is an essential tool to transmit knowledge, and the news may influence the public's ideas and improve people's health. 

Cultural Impacts

The news media make people accept and understand things more quickly. Syamsul Zahri Subir's article argues that homosexuality issues in Malaysia were discussed widely in news media. The author contends that Anwar Ibrahim sodomy started the debate about homosexuality in Malaysia. The news media played a crucial role in homosexuality issues and tackled homosexuality's sensitive issues about homosexuality (Subir 15). Moreover, Newspaper impacts the culture of the countries.  The article "Gender Stereotyping in Newspaper Advertisements: A Cross-Cultural Study" demonstrates that Italy and the Netherlands use stereotypes in newspaper advertisements.  The Netherlands is one of the most feminine European countries and the sixth more equalitarian nation globally. However, Italy is the second most masculine European country and one of the less equalitarian European countries. Therefore, compared with Netherlands' media, Italy's media always portrays women as sexual objects instead of working roles (Tartaglia & Rollero 1104). Thus, media representation from different countries will constitute the cultural differences, especially on gender roles. For the appearance of online journalism, we can see comments from everywhere, which helps people get ideas from different cultures.

Political Impacts

The government controls newspapers, and news information only shows what the government wants people to know. Syamsul Zahri Subir's article about Malaysia's homosexualities shows how the government influenced news media. According to the reading, "The media's content and its nature of message are usually decided by the media's organization or its affiliation. This includes the setting of the agendas, deciding on what is deemed important and whom to include and exclude (Carter & Steiner, 2004)." It argues that the organization controlled the media content, deciding what should include or exclude. Although Malaysia's homosexuality problem has existed for a long time, the story about this issue did not get attention from the local news outlet due to the illegal of same-sex unions (Subir 14). Therefore, this reading shows that the harmony of Malaysia influences the news media. News media are unable to post the information that the country does not allow to post. However, online journalism is hard to control by the government. Since everyone can post on the internet, these posts are hard to control, and those posts' truth is hard to define.

Economic Impacts 

Printing news spends a lot of money on printing and distribution, but online journalism only needs the internet, and the news producers just post the information online. Besides, online journalism can quickly define target audiences. For instance, we can choose the news category online. If I want to read social news, I can find them as soon as possible. However, newspapers are printed, and it is hard to find specific information in a short time.

Conclusion

New media is a term that defines everything to do with the internet and the interaction between technology, images and sound. By Contrast, old media is any form of communication that preceded digital technology, including radio, television and printed matter such as books and magazines. Although new media has many benefits for both readers and producers, people should not forget the old media.

References

Blogger, G., & Chow, J. (2012, April 12). John Chow dot Com. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.johnchow.com/how-new-media-has-transformed-traditional-journalism/

Newspaper. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/newspaper

Subir, S. Z. (2019). BEYOND THE CLOSET? THE TRENDS AND VISIBILITY OF HOMOSEXUALITY COVERAGE IN MALAYSIAN NEWSPAPERS, 1998 – 2012. E-bangi, 16(9), 13-30. Retrieved from http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F2396319866%3Faccountid%3D14771

Tartaglia, S., & Rollero, C. (2015). Gender Stereotyping in Newspaper Advertisements: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(8), 1103–1109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022115597068

What is New Media? (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/2020/02/what-is-new-media

4.2 History of Newspapers. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from https://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/4-2-history-of-newspapers/

[trekkiewatt]

Thomas Denne born 1470

In England, he married Alice Eshehurst, she was born in 1474 at Ashford, Kent, England. She died in August 1542 at Denne Hill, Kent, England.

Their son was William Denne, born in 1499 at Denne Hill, Kingston, City of Canterbury, England. He was baptized April 6, 1578. He died on October 21, 1572 at Kingston, Canterbury, Kent, England. He married Agnes Tufton. She was born in 1520 at Adisham, Kent, England. She died in 1588 at Bekesbourne, City of Canterbury, Kent, England and was buried at Kingston, City of Canterbury, Kent, England.

Their Children were:

Mary Denne born 1544 at Adisham, City of Canterbury. She died on March 26, 1616 at Canterbury, City of Canterbury, Kent, England. She was buried at Bekesbourne, City of Canterbury, Kent, England.

Thomas Denne born 1547 at Adisham,City of Canterbury, Kent, England. He died in 1613 in London, England. He was buried in November 1613 at Adisham, City of Canterbury, Kent, England. He married Jane Swift in 1577 in Kent, England. She was born in 1559 in Broadwater, Sussex, England. She died 27 September 1605 at Adisham, City of Canterbury, Kent, England. She buried at Saint Dunstan-in-the-East, London, City of London, Greater London, England.

Their children were

John Denne Esq. born 6 July 1578 at Adisham,Kent, England. He was Christened 6 July 1578 at Beaksbourne, Kent, England.He died in August 1665 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was buried at Canterbury, Kent, England.

James Denne (Yeoman James Denne) born in 1580 at Sholden, Kent, England.Died May 1642 at Eastry, Kent, England.

Henry Denne born in 1583 at Adisham, Kent, England. He died in 1619 at Adisham, Kent, England.

Richard Denne born in 1584 at Adisham, Kent, England.

William Denne born in 1585 at Adisham, Kent, England. He died in October 1619 at Bishopsbourne, Kent, England.

Thomas Denne born in 1587 at Cranbrook, Kent, England.

Our family is connected through John Denne Esq. he married Elizabeth Laslett Master. She was born in 1580 at Broughton under Bream, Kent, England. She was Christened on May 23, 1580 at Broughton under Bream, Kent, England.She died and was buried 30 October 1620 in England.

Their children were

Helen Denne born in 1602 at Adisham, Kent, England. She died in 1669.

David Denny born in 1607 at Adisham, Kent, England. He died in 1628.

Thomas Denne born July 1609 at Adisham, Kent, England. He died on December 7, 1690 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

Elizabeth Denne born 1618 in Kent, England. She died October 5, 1668 at Fairfield, Fairfield, Connecticut, Colonial America.

John Denne born 1619 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was Christened 2 January 1630 at Littlebourne, Kent, England. He died 7 December 1690 at Court Lodge, Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was buried 10 December 1690 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

William Denne ( a note Parish register said William not Michael) born 4 March 1620 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was Christened in 1620 at Adisham, Kent, England.He died in October 1661 at Holy Cross, Canterbury, England.

Thomas Denne born May 1621 at Littlebourne,Kent, England.

Elizabeth Denny born in 1624 and died in 1698.

Margaret Denne born July 25, 1624 at Adisham, Kent, England.

Elizabeth Denne died in 1659.

Our Family is related through another John, John Denne born in 1619 same person as listed above.

John married Elizabeth Dunkin in 1649 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. She was born in 1625 at Kent, England. She died in November 1680 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. She was buried 16 November 1680 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

Their children were

Jane Denne born in 1650 at Court Lodge, Patrixbourne, Kent, England. She died in October 1692 at Fordwich, City of Canterbury, Kent, England.

John Denne born in 1653 at Court Lodge, Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He died and was buried on 10 August 1665 at Court Lidge, Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

Nicholas Denne born 1655 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was buried on 12 November 1732 at St. Mary’s, Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

Thomas Denne Christened 21 October 1657 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He died in 1737.

Elizabeth Denne born 18 April 1660 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. She died 31 March 1754 at Deal, Kent, England. She was buried at Worth, Kent, England on 5 April 1754.

Elizabeth Denne born September 1861 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

David Denne born 15 October 1662 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He died in 1702 at Bishopsbourne, Kent, England.

Mary Denne Christened 15 September 1665 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. She died 3 September 1746 in Kent, England.

David Denne born in 1666 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was buried on January 1672 at Littlebourne, Kent, England.

Thomas Denne born in 1667 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

John Denne born in 1668 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. Christened February 2, 1668 at Littlebourne, Kent, England. He was buried July 10, 1773 at Chislett, Kent, England.

Richard Denne Christened 16 November 1671 at Court Lodge, Patrixbourne, Kent, England.

Mary Denne burial was in 19 January 1732 at Woodnesborough, Kent, England.

Our family is related through Elizabeth Denne born April 18, 1660. She married Ralph Philpott on 23 September 1680 at Patrixbourne, Kent, England. He was born in 1654 at Worth, Kent, England. He died and was buried on November 11, 1704 at Worth, Dover District, Kent, England.

Their child was

Elizabeth Philpot born 28 January 1682 at Eastry, Kent, England. She died and was buried June 14, 1749 at Eastry, Kent, England. She married Thomas Boteler in 1707.

Their child was

Richard Boteler Christened 26 December 1716 at Eastry, Kent, England. He was buried 28 February 1792 at Eastry, Kent, England. He married Ann Jager in December 17,1742 at Kent, England.

Their child was

Susanna Boteler Christened 30 November 1746 at Eastry, Kent, England. She died May 15, 1799 at Eythorne, Kent, England. She was buried May 23, 1799 at Eythorne, Kent, England.

She married William Sankey on 26 October 1786 at Eythorne, Kent, England. William was born on January 1, 1763 in Kent, England. He died 25 December 1833 at Wingham,Kent, England.

Their child was

Anna (Ann) Maria Sankey Christened 27 September 1787 at Eythorne, Kent, England. She died 20 January 1879 at Sholden, Kent, England. She was buried 27 January 1879 at St. Nicolas Churchyard, Sholden, Dover District, Kent, England.She married William Watt on

October 17, 1818 at Wingham, Kent, England. Some records show marriage was on October 18, 1818. William Watt was born in 3 June 1791 in Scotland.

Their child was Thomas Halliday Watt born 15 September 1822 in Kent, England.He was Christened on November 1,1822 at Deal, Kent, England. He died July 3, 1902 at Niagara-on-the-lake, Ontario, Canada. He is John Edgar Watt’s grandfather. (John Edgar Watt is Jack Edgar Watt).

This is the end of the summary of Denne to Watt families.

Michael

[pennstateuniversitypress]

VILLAGE INFERNOS AND WITCHES’ ADVOCATES: An excerpt

From Village Infernos and Witches’ Advocates: Witch-Hunting in Navarre, 1608–1614 by Lu Ann Homza

In December 1608, a young woman named María de Ximildegui returned to the village of Zugarramurdi, in northern Navarre, after working across the French border in the Pays de Labourd. María announced to Zugarramurdi’s residents that she had belonged to a witches’ coven while living in the French Pyrenees; she also asserted that she had attended diabolical gatherings in Zugarramurdi itself. Though now reconverted to Christianity, María remembered the witches she had seen and began to name them. Within four weeks, at least ten men and women, ranging in age from twenty to eighty, confessed to witchcraft in Zugarramurdi’s parish church and begged their neighbors’ pardon for having committed harmful magic. Those events soon were reported to the tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition in the city of Logroño: Logroño lay outside Navarrese territory, but its inquisitors were responsible for monitoring heresy there. Within two months, or by February 1609, Logroño’s inquisitors had seized four alleged ringleaders of the Devil’s sect, and they had imprisoned six more individuals who had confessed to witchcraft in Zugarramurdi but then tried to retract their admissions. The inquisitors refused to believe their recantations and started investigations instead.

In the wake of rising accusations, one of Logroño’s inquisitors, Juan de Valle Alvarado, went into the field in the second half of 1609 with an edict of faith, which broadcast the inquisition’s interest in finding witches and their accomplices. While on visitation, Valle heard three hundred adults confess to witchcraft and sent seventeen of them to the tribunal for trial. By November 1610, in a public ceremony of sentencing called an auto de fe, or “act of faith,” the inquisition tribunal handed out punishments to thirty-one defendants who had been convicted of the heresy of witchcraft. Eleven of the thirty-one were burned at the stake because they refused to confess and repent; five of those eleven were burned in effigy because they had died in prison during their trials. The other twenty defendants—who had confessed their guilt and repented—were reconciled to the Catholic Church and given penances of imprisonment and exile.

The witches sentenced in November 1610 had described astonishing events while they were under interrogation. Their deeds were read aloud during the auto de fe; a printed pamphlet about them appeared within weeks. The witch suspects said they had deliberately turned away from Christianity in order to worship the Devil. They reported that the Devil had arranged a diabolical apprenticeship, with each stage having its own responsibilities. For example, child-witches were put in charge of guarding toads that the older witches used to make poison. Adult witches sought to wreak as much physical harm as they could and thus damaged crops, raised storms, and poisoned neighbors. The Devil always wanted to recruit more people into his service, so older witches tricked adults into attending his meetings or kidnapped children for the same purpose.

Village Infernos and Witches’ Advocates: Witch-Hunting in Navarre, 1608–1614 is now available for pre-order. Learn more and order at https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/978-0-271-09181-5.html. Take 30% off w/ discount code NR22.

[bobmccullochny]

November History

November 30 3340 BC - Earliest believed record of an eclipse, in Ireland.

1609 - Galileo Galilei realized that the moon was a landscape, not a flat surface on a circle in the sky.

1858 - The Mason Jar was invented and patented (#22,186) by Philadelphia tinsmith John Landis Mason.

1872 - First international soccer game was played. Final score: Scotland-England 0-0 (in Glasgow)

1875 - A patent (#170,460) was issued for a "Biscuit Cutter" was issued to Alexander P. Ashbourne.

1886 - The first commercially successful US alternating current power plant was opened at Buffalo, NY by George Westinghouse.

1897 - A patent (#594,501) for a "Device for Rolling Cigarettes" was issued to American inventor J.A. Sweeting.

1936 - London's Crystal Palace was destroyed by fire.

1940 - Lucille Ball married Desi Arnaz in Greenwich, Connecticut.

1954 - First proven meteorite known to strike a woman/person (Liz Hodges, in Sylacauga, Alabama). It took a year of pleading with the air force, but she was allowed to keep the 9 pound meteorite.

1956 - CBS became the first network to broadcast from videotape. It was a rebroadcast to the West Coast of the 15-minute Douglas Edwards and the News program. It was recorded on 2-inch tape with an Ampex Mark IV machine.

1971 - TV movie Brian's Song, aired for first time on ABC

1979 - Pink Floyd released The Wall double album. "If you don't eat your meat, you can't have any pudding, how can you have any pudding if you don't eat your meat!"

1982 - Michael Jackson's second solo album, Thriller, the biggest selling album in history, was released worldwide.

1993 - The Brady Bill, requiring a five-day waiting period for handgun purchases and background checks of prospective buyers, was signed into law.

1994 - Italian cruise ship MS Achille Lauro caught fire off Somalia, with 3 people dead, and most of the nearly 1,000 passengers and crew escaping in lifeboats. It sank on December 2nd.

2004 - Longtime Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings of Salt Lake City, finally loses, leaving him with $2,520,700 - television's biggest game show winnings.

2009 - CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) started. "CERN's Large Hadron Collider has today become the world's highest energy particle accelerator, having accelerated its twin beams of protons to an energy of 1.18 TeV in the early hours of the morning." CERN is experimenting with things like "The Big Bang" but hopefully on a smaller scale.