Androgen levels and chromosomal make-up have been among the markers that sporting bodies have used to ensure ‘fair competition’ in the female division. There is a long history of ‘gender testing’ in sport. From 1958 to 1992, all women Olympic athletes (except for Princess Anne, who was granted an exemption when she competed in 1976) were required to have their gender ‘verified’ by a chromosomal evaluation. Blanket tests have since been discontinued, but the IOC may still require athletes competing in the women’s division to undergo assessment if they are suspected to have an ‘unfair and disproportionate’ advantage over their competitors.
It is no surprise, and certainly not a coincidence, that non-Western athletes have been unfairly and disproportionately targeted by eligibility rules. Compulsory gender testing was instituted as a result of Western European and US athletes being outperformed by their Eastern bloc competitors during the Cold War. Western media accused Eastern athletes of not being true women and threatening the integrity of their sports. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, all the athletes who have been banned or restricted from competing internationally as women (that we know about; it’s supposed to be confidential) have been from the Global South.
[...]
Those of us who are concerned about the reactionary weaponisation of gender might do better to rethink rather than cement our commitment to the category of womanhood. We should ask what being a woman means, how womanhood is defined, and against what (and whom) womanhood is ‘defended’. Instead of insisting that Khelif is a ‘real’ woman, we should ask how dichotomous ideas of gender have been solidified in the discourse that is being mobilised against her. We should interrogate the colonial roots of medical accounts of female and male embodiment, and the construction of femininity through (and conflation with) whiteness. We should listen to athletes whose womanhood is doubted not only because of their outstanding athletic performance, but because their bodies are at odds with Western notions of femininity. In 2009, when Semenya was banned from competing for eleven months after winning the 800m at the World Championships in Berlin, the head of South African athletics asked: ‘Who are white people to question the make-up of an African girl?’
14 August 2024
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Pedri: "Nico Williams would be a spectacular signing for Barça"
(Mundo Deportivo - July 3, 2024)
With the national team, you are playing in a position, the '10', where you feel liberated.
"Yes, it's true, because there you have much more contact with danger, with goals, with assists and with the last passes that maybe don't end in a goal but are used to leave someone alone to give an assist. Things like that are important for the team. I create much more danger."
A position that can have continuity in the future, because Flick sees you there. Have you already talked about it?
"We've shared a few words and he wished me luck for the European Championship. I'm looking forward to the start of the season, to meet him and see how it goes. I'm sure it will go well."
In Germany the '10' is Gündogan.
"He is a player who can play as a '10', as an '8' or as a '6'. He has quality in all three. He's a spectacle, at Barça from the first moment I saw him I knew about his talent. I hope he has a bad game against us."
He will be competition next year.
"It's always good to have players like that in the team. It's good to play with this type of player and learn from them."
In the national team, you have competition from Dani Olmo. But it seems very healthy. A gesture his family made against Albania was very striking when they gave Dani a standing ovation. Just them. That says a lot about how they live the competition within the national team.
"Right now, for example, a lot of things are coming out saying that one or the other has to play. It's clear that whoever plays is going to give his best and I have a very good relationship with him. I spend many hours of training camp with him, we play tennis on the Play, Club Pro, whatever. We go a lot of times together, and it's the opposite of what people say. We get on spectacularly, and he has an immense quality."
Here in the national team you have Lamine Yamal on one side and Nico Williams on the other. It's a good show, isn't it?
"Yes, above all I try to get the ball to them quickly so that they have that one-on-one, which is what they excel at. And then, when they go one-on-one, they always look back, and you have to be there to try and score."
They go all day together. Joking around, teasing each other? Have you had to take them down a peg or two?
"Sometimes you have to tell them things, but that's normal. They are two kids who have fun, who enjoy themselves on the pitch and, at the end of the day, that is reflected on the pitch. When they have a good time, everything works out much better."
And I suppose that Barça is also talked about in this kind of banter. We saw the other day some jokes being thrown at Nico Williams about that.
"We don't talk about it much. It's a decision for him and Barça to make. A lot of things have to happen. The other day, for example, the '10' came up and it had nothing to do with that. It was because of Clubes Pro (a video game). We had three players with the '10' and Dani Olmo was also one of them. They had to change it, we couldn't have three '10's in the team. There was a misunderstanding, but nothing happened."
I suppose that, being selfish as a player, being able to enjoy being at Barça with Lamine and Nico on either side would be welcome, wouldn't it?
"Yes, it's clear that it would be a spectacular signing. He is a player that we are already seeing what he is doing in the Eurocup. Hopefully he can be with us, but we don't know yet because he has a contract with Athletic. Whatever will happen will happen."
Another teammate of the national team that Barça has in its sights is Mikel Merino.
"Mikel is a player I like a lot in midfield. Especially in aerial duels. I'm always telling him that it's impossible for him to lose one. He wins them all and then he's a player who puts his body into it very well and covers the ball very well. He's a player who, when we play against Real, is very difficult for me. He has a lot of qualities, both on and off the ball. He recovers a lot of balls, he's a very complete player."
We were talking about Dani Olmo earlier, do you see potential for Barça?
"I think so. Dani is a spectacular player. Besides, he was already at Barça, so he already knows what Barça is like. Hopefully, he can have the opportunity to come, but it will have to decide him, Barça or who is going to sign him."
And Pedri, what are your expectations for next season?
"Firstly, to finish the EUROs as well as possible, hopefully by winning it. Then I think it's going to be a good year for Barça. There is a new coach and the squad will want to give him all the confidence. I think it's going to be a good year."
Now that you were talking about the new coach, how did you experience Xavi's departure?
"He is a coach who has helped me a lot. He has helped all the midfielders a lot. It was a hard blow not to be able to give him a title so that he could get the goodbye a Barça legend deserves. These are stages that come to an end, and now we have to think about Flick and that everything goes well."
Well, so be it. First with the national team, then in his days off, and then with Barça next season.
"Let's hope so, let's hope so, let's go for it!"
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Volodymyr Androshchuk
Decathlete Volodymyr Androshchuk was a member of the Ukrainian national track and field team and a champion of Ukraine in the U20 age group. In the same age group, he took sixth place at the 2020 European Championships.
Androshchuk was preparing to compete for Ukraine at the 2024 Paris Olympics, but when the full-scale war broke out, he left his sports career and signed a contract with the army. He served in an assault group.
Aged 22, he was killed on Jan. 25, 2023, in the battles near the village of Yampolivka in Donetsk Oblast.
"He gave his young life for the sake of another dream of his – to see Ukraine as an unconquered, free, independent European state with a decent life for its long-suffering people," Androshchuk's native Letychiv community in Khmelnytskyi Oblast wrote in his memory.
Source: Ukrainian athletes who will never have a chance to compete at the Olympics
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