#1918-2018

[disasterhimbo]

This post is great, genuinely. People should want to mask for the sole purpose of protecting elderly, disabled, and immunocompromised people.

But it leaves out a very important reason which unfortunately matters more to most people I think, and that is: YOU are vulnerable to covid. Even if you don’t die, long covid is common, it’s miserable, and there are no approved treatments for it. Even if you don’t get long covid symptoms, there is almost certainly some form of long-term damage to your organs you just haven’t noticed.

If you enjoy being able to do things (or need to be able to do things to survive under the capitalist system we live in), if you enjoy not being in constant pain, hell, even if you just like not getting sick as often: wear a respirator in public.

Unpopular opinion: we should all wear masks as much as possible. Forever.

Immuno compromised people were in danger long before 2019. How many people could we have saved, just by masking?

Seriously. Disabled people deserve to live without fear.

We never know if we're carrying a disease or not, since most symptoms only show up after we're contagious.

Very useful in a world with cameras everywhere.

Even if your masking is not perfect, it is still better than nothing. Every step, even the smallest ones, is another layer of protection for immuno compromised people.

Wouldn't it feel good to save a life by doing something so simple?

Thank you and goodnight!

Edit: this is about all mask preventable disease, not just covid.

[fine-fletchings]

[panbelle]

Little Women adaptions somehow gather the most popular actors for every era one’s made. Who sold their soul for that?

[priwenshallprevail]

Heɑɗcɑƞσƞs :

I'm debating hard now if I should scrap the idea of McCullum being on the Western Front. At least as a soldier on their command. Which the more I think on it, the more I would think if he was over there ?? He wouldn't be there with a unit at all. He'd be over there unofficially. I have a small verse set to that… may keep it. For some alternative. It wouldn't make sense on him being over in the Western Front officially, anyway. McCullum, being an orphan. Would probably have missing papers. Regardless if Eldritch tried to correct that system or not. So the verse I have of that, would be more toward unofficial business and reconnaissance. He'd be posing as someone else more or less. Perhaps asked by an informant that suspected vampiric activity interfering with the war. Maybe hunting a vampiric war General who was completely obliterating allied troops ? One that could turn the tides on a important battle, etc. But he'd also be in and out after the deed was done. He wouldn't be tethered to the war as a whole. So I may keep it for that particular aspect. But for his main focus ?? I'm leaning heavily on default in having him stay in Ireland for the most half of Easter Rising, and may have even been part of it in one way or another. That the political movement was so massive and constant -- whilst rampant prejudices were always in his face, or lie witness to the brutality his countrymen endured on a day to day basis. He'd feel none other than deep compelling to get involved. Which is why there is a line in game that I hardcore link to this , between two Priwen soldiers that states he had been off on his own agenda for some time. Subtly insinuative it being solo and perhaps non Priwen business. That he just got back in England a few nights ago, which would pin it to the time frame of the day/night of Reid's rebirth and Mary's first death. Another headcanon of mine , and one undoubtedly linked, was he had in fact been with his men on that particular patrol. The more I listen to the background noise on the beginning of the game the more I am convinced that it isn't just a headcanon, but pure canon. The line in question , " Kill it, boy ! " Not only does it sound like Ben Peel, but it is treated with such cadence and authority -- that to me, it could only be matched to McCullum. .. and I'm running with that.

Veeeeeeeeeeeery tempting.

[kntxt]

Kontext - "100%" dropped 5 years ago today: Spotify, YouTube, SoundCloud

Although it's a very personal track, talking about not giving a fuck, but with a deep undertone of nihilism and despair...

The reason I chose to release it on 24 February 2018 is not coincidental. It was the 100th anniversary of the Estonian Declaration of Independence. By releasing this song on that day, I also signalled how much I don't care about something as insignificant as that.

Shortly after the declaration of independence in 1918, it fell under the rule of a communist union anyway, as it did again after the Restoration of Independence in 1991.

Having no real independence, celebrating such a holiday seems utterly inappropriate.

Full lyrics on Genius (in Estonian)

[fatehbaz]

[A]nti-homeless laws [...] rooted in European anti-vagrancy laws were adapted across parts of the Japanese empire [...] at the turn of the 20th century. [...] [C]riminalising ideas transferred from anti-vagrancy statutes into [contemporary] welfare systems. [...] [W]elfare and border control systems - substantively shaped by imperial aversions to racialised ideas of uncivilised vagrants - mutually served as a transnational legal architecture [...] [leading to] [t]oday's modern divides between homeless persons, migrants, and refugees [...].

---

By the Boer Wars (1880–1902), Euro-American powers and settler-colonial governments professed anxieties about White degeneration and the so-called “Yellow Peril” alongside other existential threats to White supremacy [...]. Japan [...] validated the creation of transnational racial hierarchies as it sought to elevate its own global standing [...]. [O]ne key legal instrument for achieving such racialised orders was the vagrancy concept, rooted in vagrancy laws that originated in Europe and proliferated globally through imperial-colonial conquest [...].

[A]nti-vagrancy regulation [...] shaped public thinking around homelessness [...]. Such laws were applied as a “criminal making device” (Kimber 2013:544) and "catch-all detention rationale" (Agee 2018:1659) targeting persons deemed threats for their supposedly transgressive or "wayward interiority" (Nicolazzo 2014:339) measured against raced, gendered, ableist, and classed norms [...]. Through the mid-20th century, vagrancy laws were aggressively used to control migration [and] encourage labour [...]. As vagrancy laws fell out of favour, [...] a "vagrancy concept" nonetheless thrived in welfare systems that similarly meted out punishment for ostensible vagrant-like qualities [...], [which] helps explain why particular discourses about the mobile poor have persisted to date [...].

---

During high imperialism (1870–1914), European, American, and Japanese empires expanded rapidly, aided by technologies like steam and electricity. The Boer Wars and Japan's ascent to Great Power status each profoundly influenced trans-imperial dynamics, hardening Euro-American concerns regarding a perceived deterioration of the White race. [...] Through the 1870s [...] the [Japanese] government introduced modern police forces and a centralised koseki register to monitor spatial movement. The koseki register, which recorded geographic origins, also served as a tool for marking racialised groups including Ainu, Burakumin, Chinese, [...] and Korean subjects across Japan's empire [...]. The 1880 Penal Code contained Japan's first anti-vagrancy statute, based on French models [...]. Tokyo's Governor Matsuda, known for introducing geographic segregation of the rich and poor, expressed concern around 1882 for kichinyado (daily lodgings), which he identified as “den[s] for people without fixed employment or [koseki] registration” [...].

Attention to “vagrant foreigners” (furō-gaikokujin) emerged in Japanese media and politics in the mid-1890s. It stemmed directly from contemporary British debates over immigration restrictions targeting predominantly Jewish “destitute aliens” [...].

The 1896 Landing Regulation for Qing Nationals barred entry of “people without fixed employment” and “Chinese labourers” [...], justified as essential "for maintaining public peace and morals" in legal documents [...]. Notably, prohibitions against Chinese labourers were repeatedly modified at the British consulate's behest through 1899 to ensure more workers for [the British-affiliated plantation] tea industry. [...]

---

Simultaneously, new welfaristic measures emerged alongside such punitive anti-vagrancy statutes. [...] Such border control regulations were eventually standardised in Japan's first immigration law, the 1918 Foreigners’ Entry Order. [...] This turn towards instituting racialised territorial boundaries should be understood in light of empire's concurrent welfarist turn [...]. Japanese administration established a quasi-carceral workhouse system in 1906 [in colonized territory of East Asia] [...] which sentenced [...] vagrants to years in workhouses. This law still treated vagrancy as illegal, but touted its remedy of compulsory labour as welfaristic. [...] This welfarist tum led to a proliferation of state-run programmes [...] connecting [lower classes] to employment. Therein, the vagrancy concept became operative in sorting between subjects deemed deserving, or undeserving, of aid. Effectively, surveillance practices in welfare systems mobilised the vagrancy concept to, firstly, justify supportive assistance and labour protections centring able-bodied, and especially married, Japanese men deemed “willing to work” and, secondly, withhold protections from racialised persons for their perceived waywardness [...] as contemporaneous Burakumin, Korean, and Ainu movements frequently protested [...]. [D]uring the American occupation (1945–1952), not only were anti-vagrancy statutes reinstituted in Japan's 1948 Minor Offences Act, but [...] the 1946 Livelihood Protection Act (Article 2) excluded “people unwilling to work or lazy” from social insurance coverage [...].

---

Imperial expansion relied on not only claiming new markets and territories, but also using borders as places for negotiating legal powers and personhood [...]. Japan [...] integrated Euro-American ideas and practices attached to extraterritorial governance, like exceptionalism and legal immunity, into its legal systems. [...] (Importantly, because supportive systems [welfare], like punitive ones, were racialised to differentially regulate mobilities according to racial-ethic hierarchies, they were not universally beneficial to all eligible subjects.) [...]

At the turn of the century, imperialism and industrial capitalism had co-produced new transnational mobilities [which induced mass movements of poor and newly displaced people seeking income] [...]. These mobilities - unlike those celebrated in imperial travel writing - conflicted with racist imaginaries of who should possess freedom of movement, thereby triggering racialised concerns over vagrancy [...]. In both Euro-American and Japanese contexts, [...] racialised “lawless” Others (readily associated with vagrancy) were treated as threats to “public order” and “public peace and morals”. [...] Early 20th century discourse about vagrants, undesirable aliens, and “vagrant foreigners” [...] produced [...] "new categories of [illegal] people" [...] that cast particular people outside of systems of state aid and protection. [...] [P]ractices of illegalisation impress upon people, “the constant threat of removal, of being coercively forced out and physically removed [...] … an expulsion from life and living itself”.

---

All text above by: Rayna Rusenko. "The Vagrancy Concept, Border Control, and Legal Architectures of Human In/Security". Antipode [A Radical Journal of Geography] Volume 56, Issue 2, pages 628-650. First published 24 October 2023. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. Text within brackets added by me for clarity. Presented here for criticism, teaching, commentary purposes.]

[legitimatesatanspawn]

Ring Bearer Ages at the point of Fellowship's founding.

The One Ring:

Sauron: Not calculable due to existing before the planet. Assuming "Necromancer" entailed a physical form in Dol Guldur and wasn't slain when chased out, then physically 1918 years old.

Isildur: 234 years old. [dead; 3250 years since birth.]

Smeagol/Gollum: 578 years old.

Bilbo Baggins: 128 years old.

Frodo Baggins: 50 years old.

Samwise Gamgee: 38 years old.

Elven Rings:

Galadriel: 7049+???. Easily up to 22049 years old.

Cirdian: At least 10549 years old. If "Valarian Years" not "Solar Years" for the 3500 year Journey, then 288007049. (Didn't make the Great Journey to Valinor before the Sun was made.)

Elrond: 6517 years old.

Gandalf: Physical form existent for 2018 years. Otherwise not calculable due to existing before the planet.

Dwarven Rings:

All owners are dead. Not all are known.

Durin III is unclear in age.

Thror, 248 [dead; 476 years since birth.]

Thrain II, 206 [dead; 374 years since birth.]

Mannish Rings:

All owners are dead and previous selves not known. Unlife has lasted 4209 years.

For Reference:

Sun and Moon: 7049 years old.

Sun and Moon's Tree-parents: 15000 years old [dead; 22049 years since planting.]

Gondor: 3139 years old.

The Shire: 509 years old.

Rohan: 1417 years old.

[usafphantom2]

Another painting l did in 2018.

The Nieuport 17 of French WW1 ace Charles Nungesser. He was credited with 43 German aircraft 1916-1918. Despite multiple wounds & injuries, Nungesser survived the war. He vanished in 1927 while attempting the first Trans-Atlantic flight.

@PeteHill854 via X

[lobotomy-jpeg]

I'm always in this twilight

In the shadow of your heart

The timeline of Heart Like A Kite , the Reincarnation AU/fix-it fic @captain-athos wrote and I illustrated, which has become so very dear to our hearts. We'd love it if you took a look at it 💛

[id: A timeline illustration of Izzy and Roach throughout the lifetimes; it spans from 1718 to 2018.

1718: There's two of Roach, comforting himself, hands on his other self's cheeks. One of the Roaches is barefoot. A gull flies between them and the next pair.

1818: Izzy is in a cream cardigan, green shirt and black pants. He's wearing a leather apron and glasses, holding a cane. He has a full beard. Roach, is in a blue striped white cream shirt that's falling off his shoulder. He's in light colored pants and suspenders.

1918: Izzy is in a white tank top and khaki pants tucked into white socks. He;s also in suspenders, holding a cane. His hair is shorter and messier and he has a prosthetic leg. Roach is in a brown tweed suit. His hair is neat and he's wearing glasses and a little red bowtie. He has a prosthetic left arm, ending in three prongs. There's daisies scattered at their feet.

2018: Izzy is in a full beard and fisherman clothes, a blue wool shirt and yellow overalls with matching boots. Roach's hair is long and he is in a white shirt that's barely buttoned, exposing his chest. He's wearing high waisted jeans and dark shoes. He's holding some sort of big carton and he has a tattoo sleeve on his left hand. /end id]

[dark-audit]

Sources & Further Reading

This list is continually updated. I try to stick to studies or articles that are available for free, but bear with me if i link to something behind a paywall. For books, I link to Goodreads, where you'll find blurbs, reviews, and purchasing options.

Torture:

freedomfromtorture.org

The Ethics of Torture: Definitions, History and Institutions (2012), Evans

When and Why We Torture: A Review of Psychological Research (2017), Houck, Repke

The Torture Myth, Anne Appelbaum

The Effects and Effectiveness of Using Torture as an Interrogation Device: Using Research to Inform the Policy Debate (2009), Costanzo, Gerrity

Psychological Effects of Torture (2010), Jayatunge

Torture and its Consequences: Current Treatment Approaches, Metin Basoglu

Political Torture in Popular Culture: The Role of Representations in the Post 9/11 Torture Debate (2016), Adams

How to Justify Torture: Inside the Ticking Bomb Scenario, Alex Adams

Why Torture Doesn't Work: The Neuroscience of Interrogation, Shane O'Mara

Torture and Democracy, Darius Rejali

Gestures of Testimony: Torture, Trauma and Affect in Literature, Michael Richardson

The Cognitive Dissonance Theory of Torture Perceptions (2015), Houck

Trauma:

What is Moral Injury?

Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services, SAMHSA

Of Monsters and Men: Perpetrator Trauma and Mass Atrocity (2015), Mohamed

Exploring Perpetrator Trauma Among a Cohort of Violent Juvenile Offenders (2023), Mahlako

Psychology:

Everyday Sadism, Dark Triad, Personality and Disgust Sensitivity (2017), Meere & Egan

Sadism and Aggressive Behavior: Inflicting Pain to Feel Pleasure (2018), Chester, DeWall & Ejanian

The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness, R. D. Laing

Philosophy:

Act and Rule Utilitarianism, IEP

The Myth of Sisyphus, Albert Camus

The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli

The Art of War, Sun Tzu

History & Biography

Man's Search for Meaning, Viktor E. Frankl

Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience and Redemption, Laura Hillenband

The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

The Torture Machine: Racism and Police Violence in Chicago, Flint Taylor

Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, Christopher R. Browning

The ISIS Hostage: One Man's True Story of 13 Months in Captivity, Puk Damsgård

[ach-thebrother]

Arnold Newman, fotografo statunitense (1918-2006) 

[*] Jean Reno

[*] Igor Stravinsky – NY (1946)

[*] Pablo Picasso nel suo studio di Cannes (1956)

[*] Marilyn Monroe & Carl Sandburg, 1962

[*] Giorgio De Chirico (1957)

[*] Georgia O’Keeffe e Alfred Stieglitz (1944)

https://it.pinterest.com/

https://saramunari.blog/2019/11/05/arnold-newman-il-ritratto-ambientato/

https://www.fotografiamo.net/post/2018/05/27/arnold-newman-il-maestro-del-ritratto-ambientato

https://www.mutualart.com/

https://blog.abaravenna.it/2011/09/ritratti-dartisti-de-chirico/

https://laliberta.info/2022/11/16/il-ritratto-secondo-newman/

[mapsontheweb]

Temporary states during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922)

Anders Kvernberg (Oslo, 2018)

via cartesdhistoire

The Russian civil war (Oct. 1917-summer 1922) pitted Reds (communists), Whites (tsarists led by Wrangel, Kolchak, Denikin, Yudenitch) & Greens (armies of peasants facing Whites & Reds) against each other. In this chaos, many states have a brief independent life.

The largest is the Far Eastern Republic, a Bolshevik puppet state (from which Green Ukraine seceded). The smallest are the Republic of Perloja, limited to a Lithuanian village, presided over by a veteran of the Tsarist army, & the Soviet Republic of Naissaar, proclaimed in a fort on an Estonian island in December. 1917 by 82 Bolshevik sailors (hunted by the Germans on February 24, 1918).

The German occupiers signed a first treaty in Brest-Litovsk on February 9. 1918 with Ukraine then a second on March 3 with the Bolsheviks. Germany seizes Poland, Lithuania & Courland while Finland, Estonia, Latvia & Ukraine become independent under German control.

The Ukrainian People's Republic (non-Bolshevik), autonomous since the spring of 1917, was overthrown by the coup d'état of the conservative general Skoropadsky. With German support, he established the Hetmanate (April–Dec. 1918) and was then ousted from power during an uprising led by Simon Petliura & his (non-Bolshevik) Ukrainian People's Army. The Ukrainian republic was restored until 1921, not without first having to fight the libertarian Ukraine (or Makhnovshchina), a revolutionary peasant movement led by Nestor Makhno, who capitulated to the Bolsheviks in August 1921. Other states on Ukrainian territory are the Bolshevik Republic of Odessa, the Lemko Republic, the Komańcza Republic (or Eastern Lemko Republic) & the Hutsul Republic. At the same time, in the east of Ukraine, the anti-Bolshevik Don Cossack Republic was formed.

No state survived the creation of the USSR on December 30. 1922.

[justforbooks]

Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918 – May 14, 1987) was an American actress, dancer, and pin-up girl. She achieved fame in the 1940s as one of the top stars of the Golden Age of Hollywood, and appeared in 61 films in total over 37 years. The press coined the term "The Love Goddess" to describe Hayworth, after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.

Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir Gilda, opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the femme fatale in her first major dramatic role. She is also known for her performances in Only Angels Have Wings (1939), The Strawberry Blonde (1941), Blood and Sand (1941), The Lady from Shanghai (1947), Pal Joey (1957), and Separate Tables (1958). Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, You'll Never Get Rich (1941) and You Were Never Lovelier (1942), once called her his favorite dance partner. She also starred in the Technicolor musical Cover Girl (1944), with Gene Kelly. She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.

Hayworth was a top glamour girl in the 1940s, a pin-up girl for military servicemen and a beauty icon for women. At 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) and 120 lb (54 kg), she was tall enough to be a concern for dancing partners such as Fred Astaire. She reportedly changed her hair color eight times in eight movies.

In 1949, Hayworth's lips were voted best in the world by the Artists League of America. She had a modeling contract with Max Factor to promote its Tru-Color lipsticks and Pan-Stik make-up.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Hayworth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1645 Vine Street in 1960.

In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death in 1987 at age 68. The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for research into the disease.

The public disclosure and discussion of Hayworth's illness drew international attention to Alzheimer's disease, which was little known at the time, and it helped to greatly increase federal funding for Alzheimer's research.

The Rita Hayworth Gala, a benefit for the Alzheimer's Association, is held annually in Chicago and New York City. The program was founded in 1985 by Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, in honor of her mother. She is the hostess for the events and is a major sponsor of Alzheimer's disease charities and awareness programs. As of August 2017, a total of more than $72 million had been raised through events in Chicago, New York, and Palm Beach, Florida.

On October 17, 2016, a press release from the Springer Associates Public Relations Agency announced that Rita Hayworth's former manager and friend, Budd Burton Moss, initiated a campaign to solicit the United States Postal Service to issue a commemorative stamp featuring Hayworth. Springer Associates also announced that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences would be lobbied in hopes of having an honorary Academy Award issued in memory of Hayworth. The press release added that Hayworth's daughter, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, the Alzheimer's Association of Greater Los Angeles, and numerous prominent personalities of stage and screen were supporting the Moss campaign. The press release stated the target date for fulfillment of the stamp and Academy Award to be on October 17, 2018, the centennial of Hayworth's birth.

Daily inspiration. Discover more photos at Just for Books…?

[fizz-pop-thwip]

For anyone who wants Steve's canon accurate ages throughout the infinity saga I got some important dates written out here.

'¢' in this context will symbolise he is yet to have his birthday for that year. (Ex. Steve was 93 in avengers, later that same year he turns 94)

Both his biological age and his literal age have been put on the timeline here. Biological being his age, excluding his years that was lived in the ice.

Born 1918.

1918 - bio 18 - Steve's mother dies

1943 - bio 25 - Takes the serum

1945 - ¢ bio 26 - Steve goes into ice

2011 - ¢ bio 26 - 92 - Wakes up modern era

2012 - ¢ bio 27 - 93 - Avengers

2014 - ¢ bio 29 - 95 - CATWS

2016 - ¢ bio 31 - 97 - CAWS

2018 - ¢ bio 33 - 99 - Avengers Infinity War

2023 - bio 39 - 105 - Avengers Endgame

Now Steve goes back in time to be with Peggy in 1949. Just adding 74 years onto his age would leave me with bio 113 but in the actual canon he's supposedly bio 112 so I just assume that with some weird time travel magic he lost a birthday in the mix of it all.

2023 - bio 112 - 173 - Old ass steve

I just did this for fun in my free time but I hope this helps someone if they need it 👍

[bedlamsbard]

I rotate my hyperfixations like seasons and it's Steve Time so is there a thing in home that you expected more ppl to notice and have been waiting to talk about?

Nobody in the SSR believes Steve.

It's not that most people still believe he's lying to them, either maliciously or because he was brainwashed, but the frozen in ice/time travel story is so wild that no one can actually get their heads around it. Even Howard doesn't believe him subconsciously, back in his lizard hindbrain and his gut, as much as he believes him otherwise.

Everyone knows that something really awful happened to Steve, but the thing is -- it's the worst war in human history, all of the Howling Commandos were POWs in a Hydra slave labor camp, there are atrocities being committed on a daily basis, the SSR and the 107th have been on the front lines of the Western Front of the European theatre for years now and the Howlies often operated behind enemy lines. "Something really awful" is not exactly exceptional in any way, and from their perspective Steve was only missing for a month. He's different from how he was the last time they saw him, but not in any way that can only be explained away by "he was frozen in ice for sixty-seen years and then got slapped back in time by an alien." Subconsciously it's very explicable with "his best friend died in front of him, less than a week later he deliberately crashed a plane laden with bombs while thinking he was going to die, and then he made his way back to Allied territory through occupied Europe. met a girl along the way and married her on pretty short notice."

And the thing is...that happened all the time in WWII. Literally all the time! All parts of it! There's nothing weird about it; everyone in the SSR probably knows a couple of people who experienced most or all of that, if not experienced parts of it themselves, and consciously or subconsciously making that assumption about Captain America is extremely believable and even relatable. There's a reason it's the cover story for Steve's return.

The problem is, of course, that that's not what actually happened to Steve.

Back up in the twenty-first century, no one who's actually met Steve thinks he's lying about what happened to him (though it's a feature in various conspiracy theories), but that's because by 2012 everyone had had sixty-seven years to get used to the idea of Tragically Lost Captain America. Especially back in 2012, you met Steve and you knew that something was just ever so slightly off about him, because he just didn't have the body language or other cues that someone born in 1984 rather than 1918 would have. (In MCU canon Steve and Natasha are the same age with a five month difference once you subtract the icebox years, if you go with a 2012 defrosting date.) In 1945 he has 2018 body language, mostly, but otherwise he hasn't visibly changed. He doesn't look six years older and the body language and other cues can be explained away with "his best friend died, he crash-landed an airplane, and he had to make his way back through occupied territory." Because, again, this happened all the time.

It's a point of extreme stress for Steve that no one in the SSR -- including Peggy, the Howlies, Howard, and Phillips -- believes him. Steve is not the kind of person people often disbelieve, and he's really not used to being disbelieved by these specific people. Going into the ice and waking up sixty-seven years later is the single defining experience of Steve's life, and having most of the people he loves more than anything else in the world not believe him is absolutely awful for him. It's almost worse that they're not doubting him openly anymore, but he can tell that they don't really believe him. As he tells Natasha in Chapter 7, "You can know something and not believe it." The people in the SSR who are in on the secret might know it -- but not one of them really, down in their guts, believes it.

(Peggy actually does think he's lying, but she can't figure out about what or if it's malicious or brainwashing. That's also extremely stressful for Steve, because it's Peggy. And the thing is -- he is lying! There are actually a host of things he's either lying about or concealing and two of them are very, very personal both to him and to the SSR. So that doesn't help either.)

[urbanshaman30]

Happy Posthumous Birthday Christopher John Reuel Tolkien (1924 - 2020), who is the third & youngest son of the author J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973), as well as the editor of much of his father's posthumously published work. He drew the original maps for his father's #TheLordOfTheRings books, which he signed as C.J.R.T.

From a child, Christopher Tolkien had long been part of the critical audience for his father's fiction, such as listening to his father’s tales of Bilbo Baggins, which were published as #TheHobbit. As a teenager and young adult, he offered a lot of feedback on “The Lord of the Rings” during its 15-year development. He also had the task of interpreting his father's sometimes self-contradictory maps of Middle-earth in order to produce the versions that were used in the books. He re-drew the main map in the late 1970’s to clarify the lettering and correct some errors and omissions.

J.R.R. Tolkien had written a large amount of material connected to the Middle-earth legendarium that was not published during his lifetime. He had originally intended to publish #TheSilmarillion along with “The Lord of the Rings”, and parts of it were in a finished state when he died in 1973; but the project was incomplete.

Once referring to his son Christopher as his "chief critic and collaborator", J.R.R. Tolkien had named Christopher his literary executor in his will. With this authority, Christopher organized the masses of his father's unpublished writings, some of which had been written on odd scraps of paper a half-century earlier. Much of the material was handwritten. Complicating matters, his father would sometimes write a newer draft over a half-erased first draft. Also, it was not uncommon for the names of characters routinely changing between the beginning and ending of the same draft.

Christopher worked on the manuscripts and was able to produce an edition of “The Silmarillion” for publication in 1977. His assistant for part of the work was Guy Gavriel Kay, who became a noted fantasy author himself.

“The Silmarillion” was followed by “Unfinished Tales” in 1980 and “The History of Middle-earth” in 12 volumes between 1983 and 1996. Most of the original source-texts have been made public from which “The Silmarillion” was constructed.

In April 2007, Christopher Tolkien published “The Children of Húrin”, whose story his father had brought to a relatively complete stage between 1951 and 1957 before abandoning it. This was one of J.R.R. Tolkien's earliest stories. Its first version dated back to 1918, and several versions were published in “The Silmarillion”, “Unfinished Tales”, and “The History of Middle-earth”.

“The Children of Húrin” is a synthesis of these and other sources. “Beren and Lúthien” is an editorial work and was published as a stand-alone book in 2017. The next year, “The Fall of Gondolin” was published also as an editorial work. “The Children of Húrin”, “Beren and Lúthien”, and “The Fall of Gondolin” make up the three "Great Tales" of the Elder Days, which J.R.R. Tolkien considered to be the biggest stories of the First Age.

Christopher served as chairman of the Tolkien Estate, Ltd., which was the entity formed to handle the business side of his father's literary legacy. He also served as a trustee of the Tolkien Charitable Trust until his retirement in 2018.

In 2001, Christopher expressed doubts over “The Lord of the Rings” film trilogy that was directed by Peter Jackson. He questioned the viability of a film interpretation that retained the essence of the work, but stressed that this was just his opinion. In 2008, he commenced legal proceedings against New Line Cinema, which he claimed owed his family £80 million in unpaid royalties. In September, 2009, he and New Line reached an undisclosed settlement. He also withdrew his legal objection to “The Hobbit” films. But, in a 2012 interview with “Le Monde”, he criticised the films saying, "They gutted the book, making an action film for 15 to 25-year-olds."