#1598

[whencyclopedia]

Louis XIV and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

Beginning in the 16th century, Protestants in France struggled in their rapport with royal power. Protestants owed the recognition of their rights more to sovereign decrees than to genuine tolerance or religious pluralism. The realization that the monarch held the authority to revoke what had been granted led to suspicion and mistrust toward rulers. Under Louis XIV of France (r. 1643–1715), they lost the rights gained under Henry IV of France (r. 1589–1610).

Edict of Nantes Undermined

Louis XIV, known also as the Sun King (le Roi Soleil), was one of the most illustrious French kings. His reign was marked by cultural and military achievements as well as endless wars and religious intolerance. During the reign of his grandfather Henry IV, the effects of the Edict of Nantes in 1598 allowed French Catholics and Protestants to cohabitate in an uneasy peace. After the death of Henry IV in 1610, the Catholic Church and monarchy began plotting the removal of protections provided under the Edict of Nantes leading to its Revocation in 1685.

Early in Louis XIV’s reign, there was a season of religious tranquility for Protestants. With Cardinal Mazarin (l. 1601–1661) at his side, Louis XIV initially thought that strict respect for previous edicts and the refusal to grant additional rights was the most effective way to reduce the number of Protestants in his kingdom. Mazarin himself exercised tolerance in granting employment and government positions to Protestants, and he did not give satisfaction to the complaints of Catholic clergy who protested the construction of Protestant temples. A royal declaration in 1652 recognized Protestant fidelity to the Crown and promised the maintenance of the Edict of Nantes with the enjoyment of all its benefits. In 1656 this declaration was revoked and the exercise of Reformed religion was forbidden in places where it had recently been established. Provincial synods sent a delegation to present their grievances to the king who authorized them to hold a general synod in November 1659 at Loudun. The king’s representative reproached the Protestants in attendance for their insolence and announced that this would be their last general synod.

After the death of Mazarin, Louis XIV was determined to become the absolute master of his kingdom. With hostile measures, he sought to paralyze Protestant vitality and bring about conversions to Catholicism. The king reinstated the Commissions as the principal means of repression through which he sent commissioners into the provinces to investigate reported or supposed violations of the Edict of Nantes. Reformed churches were placed in an accusatory posture and had to justify their existence while Catholic Church representatives argued systematically for the closure of Reformed churches. Dozens of churches were forcibly closed in the provinces of Bas-Languedoc and the Cévennes where there were about 140,000 Protestants, or religionnaires as they were called.

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[dailysmilingnatsume]

[nikolamga]

[digitalfashionmuseum]

Oil Painting, ca. 1598-1600, Spanish.

By Frans Pourbus the Younger.

Portraying the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia.

Royal Collection Trust.

[negreabsolut]

Paisatge amb Hèracles i el conductor de bous, per Lodewyk Toeput. Tinta sobre aiguada bruna, i pinzell sobre aiguada grisa i bruna sobre esbós en guix negre, 20'1 x 27 cm; 1598.

[my-chaos-radio]

Release: May 14, 2020

Lyrics:

All this time, all this time keeps fading

Feeling trapped inside

So afraid of the darkness talking

In my mind

It's been a long time coming

But it wasn't for nothing

Soul-searching for something, for something

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive with you

I'm down on my knees in the dust

I scream from the top of my lungs

I find my way back to a higher ground

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive

Deep in my bones

I know I'm not there but I'm close

I find my way back to a higher ground

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive with you

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive

Try to speak but my voice keeps breaking

Need to say what's wrong

So many smiles you have seen me faking

On and on

It's been a long time coming

But it wasn't for nothing

Soul-searching for something, for something

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive with you

I'm down on my knees in the dust

I scream from the top of my lungs

I find my way back to a higher ground

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive

Deep in my bones

I know I'm not there but I'm close

I find my way back to a higher ground

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive with you

Songwriter:

Yeah, I just wanna feel alive

With you, you, yeah

I just wanna feel alive

With you, you, yeah

I just wanna feel alive with you

Martin Lindstrom / Michel Zitron / Kristoffer Fogelmark / Albin Andreas Nedler / Martijn G Garritsen

SongFacts:

👉📖

Homepage:

Martin Garrix

John Martin

[bishopsbox]

source: bishopsbox

Caravaggio: Saint Catherine of Alexandria (detail), c. 1598-1599. Thyssen Museum, Madrid.

Caravaggio: Santa Catalina de Alejandría (detalle), c. 1598-1599. Museo Thyssen, Madrid.

The painting / El cuadro

[quotation--marks]

And if there be untruth in this, and your daughter           guilty of love’s sweet crime - still can you not find it in you to forgive           so gently nurtured a child?

Tang Xianzu, The Peony Pavilion (trans. Cyril Birch)

[sweet-vanilla-sims]

Year 1598 Part 3:

TW/CW: Death Mention

Sadly news came in that Adrian’s nephew, Gilbert, had died back in Henford. Adrian hated hearing news like that but it made him even more grateful that his surviving family was doing relatively alright save for the drama going on from the Shanks branch of it. He was glad to have his daughter and granddaughters around him to keep him company again. 

It turned out that there would be reason to celebrate as well since Thomasin learned towards the end of the year that she was expecting. 

[frogshunnedshadows]

I miss inanimate objects having things like this written on them.

...Might sound good written on the back of your cellphone...

▪Portable diptych sundial. Maker: Hans Tröschel the Elder (German, 1549–1612) Date: ca. 1598 Culture: German, Nuremberg Medium: Ivory, brass

[famousdeaths]

William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley was an English statesman, the chief adviser of Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign, twice Secretary of State and Lord High...

Link: William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley

[oldcountrybearloveselle]

ELLE No.1598 - 23 August 1976 - Rita Scherrer & Marcie Hunt - Photographed by Sacha Van Dorssen

[moonmausoleum]

The Ghost of Fosco Loredan

At the day of his wife, Elena Grimani's death anniversary, a the ghost of noble man called Fosco Loredan can be seen carrying his dead wife's head . The very same head he himself decapitated out of jealousy and had to carry to Rome.

At the day of his wife, Elena Grimani’s death anniversary, a the ghost of noble man called Fosco Loredan can be seen carrying his dead wife’s head . The very same head he himself decapitated out of jealousy and had to carry to Rome. Once upon a time in 16th century Venice, a nobleman called Fosco Loredan fell in love with a woman. Her name was Elena Grimani and was the Doge’s niece and in a very…

[boymonsters]

 via  Gridllr.com   —  quality reblogging!

“Self portrait”, c.1564 by Scipione Pulzone - Il Gaetano (1544–1598). Italian painter. oil on canvas

[wgm-beautiful-world]

GIOVANNI LORENZO BERNINI