#13 October 1775

[rabbitcruiser]

NAVY BIRTHDAY

On October 13th, the United States Navy observes its birthday every year.

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is currently the largest, most powerful navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage. The service has over 340,000 personnel on active duty and more than 71,000 in the Navy Reserve.

With only two ships and a crew of eighty men, the Continental Army was born on October 13, 1775. The decision of the Continental Congress set the Continental Navy on course to carry arms to the British army, not to defend against it. However, these two ships and crew represent the birth of the United States Navy.

Throughout the Revolutionary War, their importance grew. Today, the United States maintains 40 naval bases across the country, including the world’s largest Naval Station Norfolk, in Norfolk, Virginia.

Below the sea, submarines became a part of the Navy during World War II. While experiments began in the late 1800s and during the Civil War, they did not become a large part of the Navy inventory until World War II. At that point, subs became necessary for surveillance and rescue, even though they were also armed.

With the advent of the airplane, the Navy became vital stations for the Airforce as well. As a result, the Navy modified ships into floating landing strips. Today, joint Naval and Airbases such as Pearl Harbor-Hickam provided necessary fleets of sea and air defense.

NAVY BIRTHDAY HISTORY

On October 13, 1775, the Continental Congress authorized the first American naval force.  Thus began the long and prestigious heritage of the United States Navy. Between 1922 and 1972, the Navy celebrated its birthday on October 27th, the date of Theodore Roosevelt’s birth. The Navy League of the United States designated the date due to Roosevelt’s foresight and vision in elevating the U.S. Navy into a premier force. Regardless of when the Navy observed its birth, the celebration has always been one of pride.  

The change to October 13 was seen as a more relevant date in line with the first official action legislating a navy.  Since 1972, the Navy has officially recognized October 13th as the official date of its birth.

Source

The United States’ Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy) on October 13, 1775.

[floridaboiler]

[nocternalrandomness]

Founded October 13, 1775, the USN is the most powerful Navy that ever steamed. Happy Birthday to the United States Navy as it steams into it’s 248th year of projecting our nations military might!

[ixis-stuff]

properly introducing my amrev german-american son of a mess augustus krause!! (and infodumping with sketches) if you don’t wanna read just enjoy my sketches they took some time

Augustus was born October 27th, 1756, Savannah Georgia, to Emmeline Johanna Krause (1732-???) and Lucian Günther Krause (1722-???). His brother Armond Krause only born a year later, August 7th 1757. Armond was very bubbly and a big dreamer but unfortunately was very weak and had health complications throughout his entire life. Augustus, however, was quite the opposite. He was taller than average, naturally athletic. Even so, he was very shy and timid. Armond carried ideals of being a war hero and a had a serious sense of justice. 1769, when Augustus was 13 and Armond 12, an unfortunate event occurred. (His father was on a business trip at this time.) A housemaid was in the kitchen when an unexpected fire got out of control. When Emmeline noticed this, it was too late to flee, as the fire had quickly spread throughout the halls. Augustus, taking over the elder brother role, tried to shield his brother from the fire, resulting in the burn mark on his back. Augustus and his mother fortunately survived, both having burn injuries, though they both relate to drawing blank on how. (Augustus- back burn. Emmeline- Upper arm.) Augustus believed Armond was alive, since he remembered protecting him, but he was informed after he awoken, that Armond did not survive. Lucian having returned speedily from the news and Emmeline devastated by losing a son decided to send Augustus to Germany where Emmeline’s sister and husband resided with their 4 children. He stayed there for 5 years. (1770-1775.) 1771, Emmeline was pregnant again and gave birth to Augustus’ little sister, Helena Emmeline Krause on April 15th. Augustus’ uncle sends Augustus and his two twin cousins (Lois and Engel Meyer) to England for their studies. (1775ish-1777). During his time there, Augustus decides to join the rebellion, officially sailing for America and joining in 1778. He joined at 21-22 years old.

There’s of course more to this story, but this is just a simplified version for a timeline. I needed to get this out my brain, timelines are confusing, you know. ANYHOW, there’s definitely things like character dynamics and complications I left out. You can sort of guess the types of dynamics forming in the Krause family from my sketches. If anybody’s interested in learning more about Augustus’ time in Savannah with his father and mother before moving to Germany (they don’t see eachother often after the event of 1769. (ha.), or Augustus’ time with his cousins in Germany, and of course, his time as a solider, let me know. That’s all! Enjoy the sketches, it’s rotting my brain

[duchesssoflennox]

EIGHT SURVIVING CHILDREN OF CARLO AND LETIZIA BONAPARTE, SIBLINGS OF NAPOLEON I 🥺🌟♥️

254 years ago on this day, Napoleon Bonaparte, the first French emperor was born

On the occasion of his birthday, meet the Eight surviving children of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte, who lived to adulthood

Letizia Bonaparte gave birth to 13 children between 1768 and 1784; five of them died, two at birth and three in their infancy...😥🥀

Among the 13 children, the first child who died was Napoleone Buonaparte, who was born on August 17, 1765 and died on the same day... The last child to die was Jérôme Bonaparte, who died 95 years after his eldest brother...

The registered names of all the children of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte:

• Napoleone Buonaparte (born and died 17 August 1765)

• Maria Anna Buonaparte (3 January 1767 – 1 January 1768)

• Joseph Bonaparte (7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844)

• Napoleon Bonaparte (Later French emperor) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821)

• Maria Anna Buonaparte (14 July 1771 – 23 November 1771)

• A stillborn child (1773)

• Lucien Bonaparte (21 March 1775 – 29 June 1840)

• Maria Anna (Elisa) Bonaparte (3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820)

• Louis Bonaparte (2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846)

• Pauline Bonaparte (20 October 1780 – 9 June 1825)

• Caroline Bonaparte (25 March 1782 – 18 May 1839)

• Jérôme Bonaparte (15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860)

[portraitsofsaints]

Saint Paul of the Cross

1694-1775

F east day: October 20 (New), April 28 (Trad)

Patronage: Hungary, Ovada Italy, the Passionist Order

Saint Paul of the Cross, was an Italian mystic and great preacher.  In 1721, after receiving a vision, he founded the Passionists, a community of religious, to evangelize and promote the love of God, through Christ’s passion.  Paul spent many hours preaching retreats and spiritual guidance to souls and founded 13 monasteries before his death. He is best known for his apostolic zeal and great penances.

Prints, plaques & holy cards available for purchase. Link in our bio.

[caripr94]

I see Indiana Jones x The Mummy crossovers, and raise you…

Hamilton x Pirates of the Caribbean Crossover

I mean, think about it. The timeline and locations actually line up more than you would think:

Shortly after his birth in 1708, Will Turner and his parents move to North Carolina, where they would live for the next 7 years, until 1715, when his father, Bootstrap Bill Turner, joins Captain Jack Sparrow on the Black Pearl and Will moves with his mother to England.

The main events of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl take place in 1728, when Jack Sparrow is about 38 years old and Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann are about 20.

Dead Man's Chest and At World's End happen about a year later, in 1729, including Will and Elizabeth's wedding and the conception of their son, Henry Turner, who is born about 9 months later in May(?) 1730.

Hector Barbossa is in his early 60s at the time of the events above, though probably biologically in his 50s, considering his cursed and undead status for a decade prior to COTBP.

On Stranger Tides takes place in 1750, when Jack is about 60 years old and Barbossa is in his early 80s. Dead Men Tell No Tales comes a year later in 1751, when Jack is about 61, the Turner couple are about 43, Henry is about 21, and his new love interest and Hector's daughter, Carina Smyth Barbossa, is about 19.

As the name of the film series suggests, all of the events above take place in the Caribbean, with the original trilogy centering around Port Royal, Jamaica.

Alexander Hamilton is born in 1755 or 1757 in Charlestown, in the Caribbean island of Nevis, only about 60-70 miles south of St Martin, where Henry met Jack in DMTNT. In 1757, Henry would be about 27 years old, his parents would be 49, Jack would be 67, and Carina would be 25. Henry and Carina would probably also have children around Hamilton's age group.

Hamilton moves from Nevis to the 13 American Colonies in October 1772, at the age of either 15 or 17. At this time, Henry would be about 42 years old, his parents would be 64, Jack would be 82, and Carina would be 40.

On April 19, 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord begin the American Revolutionary War, an 18 or 20-year-old Hamilton enlisting on the side of the Patriots soon afterwards. About a year later, on July 4, 1776, the American Colonies declare their independence from Britain, forming the United States of America. In the latter date, Henry would be about 46 years old, his parents would be 68, Jack would be 86, and Carina would be 44.

On September 3, 1783, the Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the Revolutionary War (which was partly fought in the Caribbean) and cementing American independence. On this day, Hamilton would be about 26 or 28 years old, Henry would be about 53, his parents would be 75, Jack would be 93 (if still alive), and Carina would be 51.

In other words, the events and locations of POTC are close enough to the Revolution that at least Jack and the Turners would have still been alive and young enough and lived and worked close enough to meet Alexander Hamilton and his peers and play an active role in aiding him and the other Patriots in the Revolutionary War, at least at the beginning. They could be doing so to help their family friend Hamilton, free Will's childhood home from oppression, and/or, at the very least, spite the British Empire for all the trouble they've caused them in the past. There's even historical basis for the Patriots (and their enemies) using privateers in the War.

That would be an interesting crossover that I'm surprised to see no one write about yet.

@rebelnurse, @friendlyneighborhoodgeek, @wingletblackbird, @son--of--liberty, @she-is-amused, @adorkablemamebean, @araitsume, @the-average-procrastinator, @nerdychristianfanboy, @soundlessdragon, @fanfic-lover-girl, @guns-in-the-valley, @greater-than-the-sword, @archer-bro, @my--darling--dear2, @prolifeproliberty, @ofangelsandanime, @exhaustedhope, @jonesgirl88, @coffeeman777, @yeshua-maranatha, @adragonwriter, @soundlessdragon

[josefavomjaaga]

Napoleonic birthday calendar

A quick first attempt at a combined calender; I hope I have not accidentally dropped somebody on the way [searches floor]. Whom or what else should we add? I’ve already taken the liberty to add Junot and Duroc.

And just for the record: All the work was done by @northernmariette, I’m just posting on her behalf due to technical problems.

January

3 Jan 1777: Elisa Bonaparte-Baciocchi

7 Jan 1768: Joseph Bonaparte

🎖 10 Jan 1769: Marshal Ney

🎖 26 Jan 1763: Marshal Bernadotte

February

🎖 13 Feb 1768: Marshal Mortier

March

🎖 2 Mar 1770: Marshal Suchet

🎖 13 Mar 1763: Marshal Brune

20 Mar 1822: Napoléon II,

25 Mar 1782: Caroline Bonaparte-Murat

🎖 25 Mar 1767: Marshal Murat

27 Mar 1746: Charles (Carlo) Bonaparte

🎖 29 Mar 1769: Marshal Soult

April

10 Apr 1783: Hortense de Beauharnais-Bonaparte

🎖 10 Apr 1769: Marshal Lannes

🎖 13 Apr 1764: Marshal Gouvion Saint-Cyr

🎖 25 Apr 1767: Marshal Oudinot

🎖 29 Apr 1762: Marshal Jourdan

May

🎖 6 May 1758: Marshal Masséna

🎖 7 May 1763: Marshal Poniatowsky

🎖 10 May 1770: Marshal Davout

21 May 1775: Lucien Bonaparte

🎖 28 May 1735: Marshal Kellerman

🎖 31 May 1754: Marshal Pérignon

June

23 June 1763: Joséphine Bonaparte

July

🎖 20 Jul 1774: Marshal Marmont

🎖 31 Jul 1754: Marshal Moncey

August

🎖 6 Aug 1768: Marshal Bessières

15 Aug 1769: Napoléon Bonaparte

24 Aug 1750: Laetitia Ramolino-Bonaparte

September

2 Sept 1778: Louis Bonaparte

3 Sept 1781: Eugène de Beauharnais

24 Sept 1771: Junot

October

20 Oct 1780: Pauline Bonaparte

🎖 21 Oct 1759: Marshal Augereau

🎖 23 Oct 1766: Marshal Grouchy

🎖 25 Oct 1755: Marshal Lefebvre

25 Oct 1772: Duroc

November

15 Nov 1784: Jérôme Bonaparte

🎖 17 Nov 1765: Marshal Macdonald

🎖 20 Nov 1753: Marshal Berthier

December

🎖 7 Dec 1764: Marshal Victor

🎖 8 Dec 1742: Marshal Serurier

12 Dec 1791: Marie-Louise Bonaparte

[sunnydaleherald]

The Sunnydale Herald Newsletter, Tuesday, October 31

Willow: Buffy, are you all right? Buffy: What? Xander: Are you hurt? Willow: Buffy, are you hurt? Buffy: Buffy? Willow: She's not Buffy. Xander: Who's Buffy? Willow: Oh, this is fun. What year is this? Buffy: 1775, I believe. I-I don't understand. Who are you? Willow: We're friends. Buffy: F-friends of whom? Y-your dress... Everything is strange! How did I come to be here? Willow: Breathe, okay, breathe. You're gonna faint again. How are we supposed to get through this without the Slayer? Xander: What's a Slayer?

~~Buffy Episode #18: "Halloween" ~~

[Drabbles & Short Fiction]

Man Wonder (Xander/Giles, T) by drsquidlove

I Want Candy (Spike/Xander, T) by forsaken2003

Part of the Family (Buffy/Spike, Dawn, T) by Anonymous

Somthing Old, New Borrowed and Blue (Ensemble, T, SPN xover) by DreamingInColor

Curious Little Thing (Drusilla/Reader, T) by FiveBiFiveMind

With You (Jenny/Giles, T) by Bobbie23

Candy Corn Mischief (Buffy/Spike, E) by honeygirl51885

[Chaptered Fiction]

So Very Ch. 1-2/? (Buffy/Angel, M, multiple xovers) by AnyaChristinaJenkins

Kinktober 2023 Ch. 31/? (Buffy/Giles, E) by DancingAngel0013

hit rewind Ch. 14 (Buffy/Spike, M) by untiljanuary

Goodbye to Everything That I Knew Ch. 5 (Buffy/Spike, M) by My_Barbaric_Yawp

New York Ch. 1-3/43 (Giles/Xander, M) by drsquidlove

Kinktober 2023 Ch 31 (COMPLETE) (Buffy/GIles) by Skyson

Shadow Over Hellmouth Ch 96/264 (Ensemble, E) by Tuxedo_Mark

1632 Revello Drive CH. 1/? (Buffy/Willow, T) by A_Most_Sovereign_Lady

The Poet At The Door (or: Not Writ In The Stars) Ch. 8 (Spike/Drusilla, M) by Eyeballs_to_Entrails

What the Drabble?, Chapter 34 (Buffy/Spike, M) by VeroNyxK84

Once More With Feelings, Chapter 2 (Buffy/Spike, E) by Spikelover4ever

something wretched, something precious, Chapter 27-30 (Buffy/Spike, M) by LittleTayy

Icarus, Chapter 1 (Buffy/Spike, E) by HappyWhenItRains

In the Depths of October, Chapter 13 (Buffy/Spike, E) by acekoomboom, violettathepiratequeen

Forgiveness Doesn't Come Easy, Chapter 2 (Buffy/Spike, E) by slaymesoftly

Can We Keep Him?, Chapter 2 (Buffy/Spike, E) by Desicat

The Whole Point of Halloween , Chapter 1-2 (Buffy/Spike, M) by Dynamite

Startlingly Moral, Chapter 1 (Buffy/Spike, T) by acekoomboom

Autumnal Shorts, Chapter 30 (Buffy/Spike, M) by VeroNyxK84

[Images, Audio & Video]

Artwork:Happy Halloween!!! (Dark Willow) by jasonriv37

Cosplay:Slayer Halloween costume () by vouloir

Artwork:Buffy and Spike () by lialivingart

Video: JibJab video: Halloween Rap () by Double Dutchess

Artwork:Spike () by vampyrwaltz

Video: Honest Trailer for Buffy The Vampire Slayer () by Infamous-Lab-8136

[Reviews & Recaps]

PODCAST: Episode 1 - Chatter in the Caf by The Sunnydale Diaries

[Fandom Discussions]

Slayers Audio book by Multiple Authors

fun notice for patriotic fan while rewatching Beer Bad by Thin-Sleep-9524

Thoughts on Joyce by Quick_Surprise_1911

What does indirect sunlight actually do? by AnyNeck1885

Enjoying the scene by LGonthego

[Articles, Interviews, and Other News]

PUBLICATION: Spike & Dru Reunite in Slayers: A Buffyverse Story by Popverse

PUBLICATION: NYCC Interview: James Marsters & James Leary Talk 'Slayers: A Buffyverse Story' by The Cosmic Circus

PUBLICATION: NYCC Interview: Juliet Landau & Laya DeLeon Hayes Talk 'Slayers' by The Cosmic Circus

PUBLICATION: The Only Episode Of Buffy Where Joss Whedon Told Anthony Head To Do More, Not Less by Slash Film

Submit a link to be included in the newsletter!

Join the editor team :)

[indynerdgirl]

Happy 247th Birthday US Navy!

The first recorded request for a navy came on August 26, 1775, when the Rhode Island State Assembly passed a resolution asking its delegates to bring legislation before the Second Continental Congress requesting the “building at the Continental expense a fleet of sufficient force, for the protection of these colonies, and for employing them in such a manner and places as will most effectively annoy our enemies.”

The resolution was brought before Congress on October 3 but was set aside. When they did begin to discuss the issue, several people opposed it. Among them was Samuel Chase who called it “the maddest idea in the world.” As John Adams recalled, “The opposition… was very loud and vehement. It was… represented as the most wild, visionary, mad project that had ever been imagined. It was an infant taking a mad bull by his horns.”

Finally, on October 13, 1775, Congress authorized the formation of a navy. The resolution authorized the purchase of two ships with ten guns each. [X] “Let Americans disdain to be the instruments of European greatness! Let the thirteen States, bound together in a strict and indissoluble Union, concur in erecting one great American system, superior to the control of all transatlantic force or influence, and able to dictate the terms of the connection between the old and the new world!” - Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers, No. 11, 1787 “A good Navy is not a provocation to war. It is the surest guaranty of peace.” - Theodore Roosevelt 26th President of the United States December 2, 1902, second annual message to Congress "A powerful Navy we have always regarded as our proper and natural means of defense; and it has always been of defense that we have thought, never of aggression or of conquest. But who shall tell us now what sort of Navy to build? We shall take leave to be strong upon the seas, in the future as in the past; and there will be no thought of offense or provocation in that. Our ships are our natural bulwarks." - Woodrow Wilson 28th President of the United States December 8, 1914, An Annual Message to Congress

[the-firebird69]

1775

March 23 - Patrick Henry’s “Liberty or Death” speech, Richmond, VA

April 18 - Revere and Dawes Ride

April 19 - Battles of Lexington and Concord, MA

May 10 - Ethan Allen and Green Mountain Boys seize Fort Ticonderoga, Second Continental Congress meets

June 15 - George Washington appointed commander-in-chief

June 17 - Battle of Bunker Hill

July 3 - George Washington assumes command of the Army outside Boston

July 5 - Congress approves the Olive Branch Petition, a final attempt to avoid war with Britain

October 13 - The U.S. Navy is established

November 19-21 - First Siege of Ninety Six, SC

November 13 - Americans take Montreal

December 9 - Battle of Great Bridge, VA

December 22 - Battle of Great Canebreak, SC

December 23-30 - Snow Campaign, SC

December 30-Jan 1 - Battle of Quebec

April 19th has already happened and this schedule goes kind of concurrent with a couple other wars the United States had with the empire. Now this is some odd stuff going on here it seems like most of the generals from the empire are this idiot Trump world war I and The Purge and it looks like it's happening again it makes a lot of sense he was the last incumbent in his fighting pja who thinks that he can nullify the election and somehow get it to office that it starts a big conflict between them and leads into the civil war action and Trump is badly outnumbered the civil war was won by Grant who held the union together which looks like Trump again. And hit my husband put out the red eye whiskey and that was down the hatch before you can say I bet it's not good for you and he drank the whole bottle it was only a fifth yeah he's off to get his whiskey bourbon really and that was his name cuz he's always being at people because he's some kind of weirdo and he expresses inside thoughts outside and his inside thoughts are crap. This is going to be a hell of a day he's got to get going to get some stuff but wow. It moves along the timeline there's a couple other important dates above.

There's Ethan Allen in Ticonderoga it has to do with the Pentagon which is where Ticonderoga was it's nearby and it says historical site it's smaller but it's shaped the same and he goes in there and he gets information and supposedly on Trump but it's really on him a little and other people a lot no it's on Trump and he's got a lot of guys in there they're all wacko making stupid statements putting dumb things on the news they're important people and their end of Earth is for the most part and they should be shot and it will be and he goes in and gets the information out and he figures out who the bad guys are now he knows and that information helps a lot of people from there it starts getting more and more interesting as Trump has found out to be all over the place even though he's small he's at Sanchez were power congregates as we said. June 15th a day later husband is selected to a position secret position by the Continental army and they said it'll be Colonel but I think it's probably a lieutenant but he doesn't know it and he won't and it is merely to have him perform those duties for mostly everybody but Trump and Trump goes ahead and appoints himself head of the Continental armies when she's not running only his version and they're kind of separated a little and they're fighting each other and he's a red coat so it doesn't work out for him in the position and he's not liked or wanted or anything and more shortly

Hera

Olympus

[rabbitcruiser]

The United States adopted The Star-Spangled Banner as its national anthem on March 3, 1931.   

 National Anthem Day

In the early years of the republic, there were a few popular patriotic songs, such as "Yankee Doodle" and "Hail Columbia," but there was no national anthem. Today we celebrate the "The Star-Spangled Banner," which became the official national anthem of the United States on March 3, 1931. The song was inspired by a real flag and events that took place surrounding it.

The War of 1812 began in June of 1812. The United States achieved some early victories, but after France and Napoleon were defeated at Waterloo in April of 1814, the British were able to focus more on the war in the United States. After invading Washington D.C. and setting fire to The White House and Capitol in August, the British turned their attention to Baltimore, Maryland.

On September 13, Baltimore's Fort McHenry withstood a 25-hour bombardment from the British Royal Navy. Early on the morning of September 14, soldiers hoisted a large (30 x 42 feet) American flag over the fort. At the time, Francis Scott Key, an attorney who worked in Washington D.C., was on a ship in the harbor of Baltimore. He had been working to negotiate the release of Dr. William Beanes, who had been captured in an earlier battle. Although he was able to secure Beanes' release, the Americans were told they could not leave until the bombardment was over. As Key saw the flag wave over the fort, he wrote the first verse of what would become "The Star-Spangled Banner." At the time he named it "Defense of Fort M'Henry."

Sometime shortly thereafter, Key wrote three more verses. (Today just the first verse is commonly sung, with the fourth verse sometimes being used at formal occasions.) The verses were issued on a broadside by a local printer on September 17, and they were printed in two Baltimore newspapers, the Baltimore Patriot and The American, on September 20. The words were then printed by more papers along the East Coast.

Key set the verses to the tune of an English drinking song called "To Anacreon in Heaven" (also known as "The Anacreontic Song"), which was written in 1775 by John Stafford Smith and originally performed by the Anacreontic Society, a gentlemen's club in England. The song eventually became popular in the United States. Its subject, Anacreon, was an ancient Greek poet known for loving wine. Key had previously used the tune to accompany verses he had written in 1805 about American naval victories in the Barbary War. In fact, some of the wording he had used in the verses for that war were similar in nature to those in "Defense of Fort M'Henry." By one account, it was Key's brother-in-law who noticed the new verses fit the same melody, and convinced him to use it again. In October, Baltimore actor Ferdinand Durang gave the first public performance of the song, and the following month the song appeared in print under the title "The Star-Spangled Banner" for the first time.

The song gained in prominence following the Civil War, because it was about the flag and the flag was increasing as a symbol of national unity at the time. It became a staple of Fourth of July celebrations and other patriotic events. In the 1890s, the U.S. military began using it for ceremonies. In particular, it became the song of the Navy's flag raisings.

Woodrow Wilson signed an order in 1916 to make "The Star-Spangled Banner" the national anthem, but it did not become the official anthem until Congress passed a law fifteen years later. Wilson also asked the Bureau of Education to standardize the song, as there were a few different versions at the time. Five musicians worked on the song, including John Philip Sousa. The new version was first performed on December 5, 1917.

"The Star-Spangled Banner" made its major-sporting-event debut on September 5, 1918, at Chicago's Comiskey Park, during the first game of the World Series between the Chicago Cubs and the Boston Red Sox. The United States was in World War I at the time, and there was some added emotion in the air because a bombing had taken place the day before at the Chicago Federal Building. A military band played the song during the seventh-inning stretch, and players and fans saluted. The song soon began being sung at other baseball stadiums, and then spread to other sports.

On April 15, 1929, Rep. John Linthicum (D-Md.) introduced a bill to make "The Star-Spangled Banner" the national anthem. He had previously introduced such a bill four times before, going all the way back to 1918. As part of his district was in Baltimore, some thought that he was pushing for the bill for himself and for his district more than he was doing it for patriotism and the country. The bill eventually got a hearing before the House Judiciary Committee, and Linthicum presented them with a petition with 5 million signatures, which had been organized by the Veterans of Foreign Wars. He also presented them with resolutions and letters from 150 organizations and messages of support from 25 governors. The House approved the bill on April 21, 1930, and the Senate did on March 3, 1931. President Herbert Hoover signed it the same day and the "Star-Spangled Banner" became the official national anthem of the United States.

Although it has largely been looked upon as a patriotic song about freedom, it has not been without controversy. Key owned slaves for many years, including at the time when he wrote the song, which includes the line "the land of the free." He eventually freed his slaves, and his position was that slaves should return back to Africa. In recent times, some have used the song to protest racial injustice, by staying seated or kneeling when the anthem is played at sporting events. They have seen this as a patriotic gesture, while others have seen it as quite the opposite.

And what became of the actual star-spangled banner that the song was written about? The flag had been sewn by Mary Pickersgill with the help of a few others. After the battle, it was given to George Armistead, the commander of Fort McHenry. He died a handful of years later and his widow, Louisa, received it. It stayed in the family for many years and was rarely seen. In 1878, the Armistead's grandson, Eben Appleton, inherited the flag. He allowed it to be displayed at Baltimore's sesquicentennial in 1880, but then put it in a safety deposit box because he wanted to preserve its condition. He loaned it to the Smithsonian Institution in 1907, and donated it permanently to them in 1912, with the request that it be on display for the public. In the late 1990s, a preservation project was undertaken. The flag can be visited today at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

How to Observe National Anthem Day

There are many ways to celebrate the day:

Read, memorize, and sing "The Star-Spangled Banner."

Visit the original Star-Spangled Banner at the National Museum of American History.

Visit the home where the flag was sewn.

Explore Fort McHenry, where the flag once flew.

Read a book about the "Star-Spangled Banner," such as Marc Ferris' Star-Spangled Banner: The Unlikely Story of America's National Anthem or Marc Leepson's What So Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, A Life.

Watch a documentary about "The Star-Spangled Banner," or watch a video about the Star-Spangled Banner exhibit.

Watch or listen to noteworthy renditions of the "Star-Spangled Banner."

If you are not from the United States, find out if your country has a national anthem, and learn about it and its history.

Source

[floridaboiler]

[micahtweten]

December 13 1636= National Guard

June 14 1775= Army

October 13 1775 = Navy

November 10 1775 = Marines

-July 4 1776 - United States

August 4 1790= Coast Guard

September 18 1947= Air Force

December 20 2019 = Space Force

Four branches older than the country, 3 branches younger.

For clarification purposes because people don't believe the National Guard was the first because of "Army National Guard", it's the Army National Guard because the Army absorbed it.

National Guard was a militia, Guarding the Nation for more than 100 years before the Army was established.

The Air Force created their version of the National Guard is why they have it as well.

The Air Corps, which was under the Army originally was established July 2 1926.

A little history lesson for you.

Have an awesome day.

[bobmccullochny]

History

October 13, 54 A.D. - Roman Emperor Claudius died after eating mushrooms poisoned by his wife, the Empress Agrippina.

October 13, 1775 - The United States Navy was born after the Second Continental Congress authorized the acquisition of a fleet of ships.

October 13, 1792 - The cornerstone of the White House was laid by George Washington. The building, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, is three stories tall with over 100 rooms, and was designed by James Hoban. In November of 1800, President John Adams and his family moved in. The building was first known as the "Presidential Palace," but acquired the name "White House" about 10 years after its completion. It was burned by British troops in 1814, then reconstructed, refurbished and reoccupied in 1817.

October 13, 1884 - Greenwich was established as the universal time from which standard times throughout the world are calculated.

October 13, 1943 - Italy declared war on its former Axis partner Germany after the downfall of Mussolini and collapse of his Fascist government.

October 13, 1990 - The first Russian Orthodox service in over 70 years was held in St. Basil's Cathedral, next to the Kremlin, in Red Square, Moscow.

Birthday - Molly Pitcher (1754-1832) was born near Trenton, New Jersey (as Mary Ludwig). She was a water carrier at the Battle of Monmouth in 1778 during the American Revolution. After her husband, artilleryman John Hays, collapsed, she took his place at his cannon.

[dan6085]

The British Empire was one of the largest empires in history, spanning continents and centuries. Here are some key countries and regions conquered by the British Empire, along with details about their eventual independence:

1. **India**:

- Conqueror: The British East India Company.

- Conquest Year: Gradual colonization from the early 17th century.

- Liberation: India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, led by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.

2. **United States**:

- Conqueror: British colonization in the early 17th century.

- Conquest Year: The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) led to the U.S. independence.

- Liberation: The United States declared its independence on July 4, 1776, with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

3. **Canada**:

- Conqueror: Gradual British colonization from the early 17th century.

- Conquest Year: British North America Act, 1867.

- Liberation: Canada achieved autonomy from Britain through the British North America Act on July 1, 1867, which established the Dominion of Canada.

4. **Australia**:

- Conqueror: British colonization began in the late 18th century.

- Conquest Year: Federation in 1901.

- Liberation: Australia became a federation on January 1, 1901, gaining self-governance within the British Empire.

5. **South Africa**:

- Conqueror: Dutch and British colonization from the 17th century.

- Conquest Year: Union of South Africa, 1910.

- Liberation: South Africa achieved independence within the British Commonwealth on May 31, 1961, becoming a republic.

6. **Ireland**:

- Conqueror: English and later British rule from the 12th century.

- Conquest Year: Most of Ireland became independent in 1922.

- Liberation: The Republic of Ireland (southern Ireland) gained full independence from the UK on December 6, 1921. Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom.

7. **Nigeria**:

- Conqueror: British colonization from the 19th century.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1960.

- Liberation: Nigeria gained independence from Britain on October 1, 1960.

8. **Kenya**:

- Conqueror: British colonization from the late 19th century.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1963.

- Liberation: Kenya achieved independence from British colonial rule on December 12, 1963.

9. **Zimbabwe**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly known as Southern Rhodesia).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1980.

- Liberation: Zimbabwe became an independent nation on April 18, 1980, after a period of armed struggle against British colonial rule.

10. **Malaysia**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly known as Malaya).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1957 (Peninsular Malaysia), 1963 (Malaysia).

- Liberation: Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia) gained independence on August 31, 1957, while Malaysia as a whole was formed on September 16, 1963, and subsequently became fully independent.

11. **Jamaica**:

- Conqueror: British colonization from the 17th century.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1962.

- Liberation: Jamaica gained independence from Britain on August 6, 1962.

12. **Trinidad and Tobago**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly a Spanish colony).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1962.

- Liberation: Trinidad and Tobago achieved independence from Britain on August 31, 1962.

13. **Ghana**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly Gold Coast).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1957.

- Liberation: Ghana was the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from colonial rule on March 6, 1957.

14. **Nepal**:

- Conqueror: Nepal was never formally colonized but was influenced by British and other powers.

- Conquest Year: Nepal retained its independence.

- Liberation: Nepal remained independent throughout the colonial era and maintains its sovereignty.

15. **Fiji**:

- Conqueror: British colonization in the 19th century.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1970.

- Liberation: Fiji gained independence from Britain on October 10, 1970.

16. **Cyprus**:

- Conqueror: British colonization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1960.

- Liberation: Cyprus became an independent republic on August 16, 1960.

17. **Sierra Leone**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly part of the British West Africa colonies).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1961.

- Liberation: Sierra Leone achieved independence from Britain on April 27, 1961.

18. **Botswana**:

- Conqueror: British protectorate (formerly Bechuanaland).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1966.

- Liberation: Botswana gained independence from Britain on September 30, 1966.

19. **Malawi**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly Nyasaland).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1964.

- Liberation: Malawi achieved independence from Britain on July 6, 1964.

20. **Bahrain**:

- Conqueror: British influence and protection.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1971.

- Liberation: Bahrain became an independent nation on August 15, 1971, ending its status as a British protectorate.

21. **Barbados**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1966.

- Liberation: Barbados gained independence from Britain on November 30, 1966.

22. **Grenada**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1974.

- Liberation: Grenada achieved independence from Britain on February 7, 1974.

23. **Saint Lucia**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1979.

- Liberation: Saint Lucia gained independence from Britain on February 22, 1979.

24. **Antigua and Barbuda**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1981.

- Liberation: Antigua and Barbuda achieved independence from Britain on November 1, 1981.

25. **Saint Vincent and the Grenadines**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1979.

- Liberation: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gained independence from Britain on October 27, 1979.

26. **Belize**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly British Honduras).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1981.

- Liberation: Belize achieved independence from Britain on September 21, 1981.

27. **Solomon Islands**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1978.

- Liberation: The Solomon Islands became independent from Britain on July 7, 1978.

28. **Tuvalu**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1978.

- Liberation: Tuvalu gained independence from Britain on October 1, 1978.

29. **Kiribati**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1979.

- Liberation: Kiribati achieved independence from Britain on July 12, 1979.

30. **Mauritius**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1968.

- Liberation: Mauritius gained independence from Britain on March 12, 1968.

31. **Qatar**:

- Conqueror: British influence and protection.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1971.

- Liberation: Qatar became an independent nation on September 3, 1971, ending its status as a British protectorate.

32. **United Arab Emirates**:

- Conqueror: British influence and protection.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1971.

- Liberation: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was formed on December 2, 1971, with the withdrawal of British protection.

33. **Oman**:

- Conqueror: British influence and protection.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1650.

- Liberation: Oman has a long history of independent rule but had British involvement during the 19th and 20th centuries. It achieved modern independence in 1650.

34. **Seychelles**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1976.

- Liberation: Seychelles gained independence from Britain on June 29, 1976.

35. **Brunei**:

- Conqueror: British influence and protection.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1984.

- Liberation: Brunei achieved independence from Britain on January 1, 1984.

36. **Lesotho**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly Basutoland).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1966.

- Liberation: Lesotho gained independence from Britain on October 4, 1966.

37. **Swaziland** (Eswatini):

- Conqueror: British influence and protection.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1968.

- Liberation: Swaziland became an independent nation on September 6, 1968.

38. **Malta**:

- Conqueror: British colonization.

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1964.

- Liberation: Malta achieved independence from Britain on September 21, 1964.

39. **Guyana**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly British Guiana).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1966.

- Liberation: Guyana gained independence from Britain on May 26, 1966.

40. **Zambia**:

- Conqueror: British colonization (formerly Northern Rhodesia).

- Conquest Year: Independence in 1964.

- Liberation: Zambia achieved independence from Britain on October 24, 1964.

These countries and regions, along with many others, were once part of the British Empire but achieved independence through various processes, negotiations, and historical developments.