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#IFTTT#Flickr#puppy#pup#lgd#dog#dogswithjobs#workingdogs#livestockguardiandog#šar#sarp#sarplaninac#šarplaninac#canon30d#coexist#coexistence#farming#sheepfarming#guardian#guardiandog#transylvania
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Šar Mountains, North Macedonia
Kristijan Arsov
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King of the Universe
By Marie-Lan Nguyen - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=725195
King of the Universe, King of Everything, King of Totality, King of All, or King of the World (Sumerian: lugal ki-sár-ra or lugal kiš-ki, Akkadian: šarru kiššat māti, šar-kiššati or šar kiššatim) was a commonly used title by those kings who were powerful in ancient Mesopotamia. Later, it was applied to the Abrahamic God to show that He held dominion over everything, even the greatest kings or conquerors before or after.
By Ciudades_de_Sumeria.svg: Cratesderivative work: Phirosiberia (talk) - Ciudades_de_Sumeria.svg, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13255857
The Sumerians viewed their city Kish (𒆧𒆠) was the center of the universe so the title originally meant simply the king of the city of Kish. In the Sumerian Flood myth, kingship was granted in Kish after the flood. The Akkadians adopted the title, though the meaning shifted to 'King of the Universe', making the primacy of Kish's king over Sumer to it's logical conclusion, even when the seat of kingship moved from Kish.
Sargon of Akkad, who reigned from about 2334-2284 BCE, was the first king we have records using the title. Not every king used the title and there's some evidence that it had to be earned through great acts. The last king to use it was the Seleuchid king Antiochus I, who reigned from 281-261 BCE.
CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1084105
The cities of Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Umma, and Kish were engaged in a game of sorts of trying to build up an empire so that the king of that city-state could gain more and more prestigious titles until this game gave rise to the desire to rule over everything, or as much as they could manage. As the Sumerians saw Mesopotamia as the whole of the world, they fought to the farthest corners of the world: Susa, Mari, Assur and other far flung cities between the Persian Gulf (the lower sea) and the Mediterranean (the upper sea). This change happened around 2450 BCE. Lugalannemundu, king of Adab, likely a legendary king, was the first who is said to have completed the game and claimed to have 'subjugated the Four Corners'. The second to have completed the game was Uruk's king Lugalzaggesi, who claimed to rule everything between the upper and lower sea and adopted the title 'King of the Land' (Sumerian: lugal-kalam-ma).
Because their mythology assigned Kish such a grand position, kings who were good at empire building began to claim the title, whether they ruled there or not, to show they had the right to rule over Sumer. One didn't even need to actually be a king, just good at winning battles and building cities, to claim the title.
By Unknown artist - Jastrow (2006), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=53024
Sargon started his political career as cupbearer to Ur-Zababa, who did rule Kish. He survived an assassination attempt somehow, then claimed the throne, using the title šar kiššatim (King of Kish or King of the Universe) even when he moved the capital to Akkad. He also used the title šar māt Akkadi, King of Akkad primarily as his empire grew. His successors were fond of the title šar kiššatim, though, especially Naram-Sin, who reigned from 2254-2218, who expanded it to 'King of the Four Corners and the World'.
By Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73606367
After the conquest of Mesopotamia by Alexander the Great, the Seleucid emperors took over the area and acted as a Greek state rather than a fully independent and free empire. Though the last time the title was used in cuneiform was 300 years before, Antiochus I used the title, as well as 'King of Kings' or "Great King' as they were common Babylonian titles.
By Maur - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12013124
Beginning with the reign of Esarhaddon (681-669 BCE), he used the title for himself, but also applies it to Sarpanit, Babylon's patron deity, though it would be better translated as 'Queen of the Universe'. In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the title applies exclusively to their singular God with Jewish blessings beginning 'Barukh ata Adonai Eloheinu, melekh ha`olam…' (Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the Universe…) and the Islamic Quran referring to God as 'rabbil-'alamin' ('Lord of the Universe') in its first chapter.
#king of the universe#royal titles of ancient mesopotamia#mesopotamian history#royal games#human history
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what i find really cool is that in the 'three stars each' texts, and expanded MUL.APIN (𒀯𒀳) tables, each constelation starts with 'mul' (𒀯) such as tarus (𒀯𒄞𒀭𒈾)*
but! more importantly for this discussion, the pleiades cluser (which is coincidently a part of the tarus constelation) is written simply as MUL.MUL, or: 𒀯𒀯
𒀯𒀯 has been translated to mean 'star cluster', 'many stars' or 'star of stars' depending on whose translating the text, a fact of which i could find absolutley no sources to very much to my immense annoyance but im going to keep trying at that
its also one of the closest star clusters to earth
and, just to get on the same page, the pleiades cluster, also called the seven sisters, and, for me at least, its one of the first things you learn to pick out in the night sky
just looking at it normally you can only tend to see six stars in the cluster, but on really clear nights you can even see the seventh brightesst star as well and its fucking beautiful
but anyway! back to the cuneiform!
𒀯𒀯 (MUL.MUL), or more specifically just the singular 𒀯 (MUL) is the determinative used when noting stars and planets (and star clusters) which is made up of the sign 𒀭 but just there three times
now, the sign 𒀭 is a sumerogram for either AN or DINGIR depending on your translation, but essentially equates to meaning a range of words from 'sky', to 'god/goddess'
an example of this is with Anu (𒀭𒀭) in Akkadian or Anum/An (𒀭) in Sumerian. Anu/Anum/An has a passive 'king of the gods' sort of role who is a divine representation of the sky (seeing the links?)
that example might be a biiiit too pointed actually hangon :,
Ki (𒀭𒆠) is a Sumerain goddess, sometimes depicted as a queen of 𒀭𒀭, sometimes as a sister idk it gets confusing with all the different translations. anyway 𒀭𒆠 also has the '𒀭' (DINGIR) character that preceedes her name like the other gods, which is followed by the sumerogram '𒆠' (KI) which is translated into meaning 'earth'/'land'/etc. which makes sense when you consider she is mostly translated into and described as being an 'earthly' goddess.
anyway, Ki (𒀭𒆠) ends up marying her oldest son Enil (𒀭𒂗𒆤), likened as a god of wind/air etc, who is an Anunnaki (𒀭𒀀𒉣𒈾)? but all this to say thats one of the stories of how plants and animals came about on earth
a bit less of a confusing example is probably 𒀭𒊹 (AN.ŠAR). His name contains the character 𒀭 as well as the character 𒊹 (ŠAR). 𒊹 looks a bit ominous cause its so big and just all consuming of the space which makes sense when translated to mean 'totality'
(𒊹 can also mean 3,600 - it all depends on the context though)
𒀭𒊹 is described as being a primordial god, and occupies the same role as 𒀭𒀭. sometimes 𒀭𒊹 is described/written/translated as 𒀭𒀭's father? sometimes not? idk tracking the relations of gods to eachother is hard to follow through all the different translations lol
but anyway when you have 𒀯𒀯 denoting a star cluster made up of 6 relatively easy to distinguish individual stars, you know some part of me doesnt exactly think thats a coincidence
and anyway i cant exactly remember where i was going with this whole bit of text but anyway the pleiades cluster is one of the most beautiful things in the sky (at least in the northern hemisphere, cause i cant lie, the coal sack nebula and magellanic clouds are sick as fuck but you guys dont get them up there)
*this is where i realised that tumblr is not going to let me do superscript rip x_x anyway u should go read the wikipage on babylonian star catalogues its a p good summary and has better translation lol
#anyway its 5:21am and i have a geology prac in 3 and a half hours and have not slept yet yaaay :D#👍👍
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Ilatni zumrīšu! Aššum uzzāt Aḫilēas zumrīm, mār Pelēas- Our goddess sing! of the rage of achilles, son of Peleus
Uzzātum napḫātum, ša eli Aḫênī šērtam emēdum- Kindled rage, that which upon the Achaeans imposed punishment
Ana erṣet lā tārim qarrādī mādūtim napištišunu iṭrud- To the land of no return many heroes their lives she sent
Imrû ana kalbī u iṣṣurātim uwwīšunūti- fattening fodder for dogs and birds she made them become,
Kiam erištam ša Zēas ippaqid- in this way the desire of Zeus was delivered,
Ištu ūmim kī uptarrisū- from the day when they parted
Mār Atrēas, šar awīlim, u Aḫilēas eršum- Atreus’ son, king of men, and clever Achilles.
The opening lines of the Iliad in Akkadian/Ancient Babylonian. (Roughly translated from the English, not the Greek because I don't know any).
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Originally Demotic wsjr-ḥp, ("Osiris-Apis"), the name of the deity is derived from the syncretic worship of Osiris and the bull Apis as a single deity under the Egyptian name wsjr-ḥp. This name was later written in Coptic as ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲣϩⲁⲡⲓ Userhapi; Greeks sometimes used an uncommon form Sorapis (Koinē Greek: Σόραπις), slightly closer to the Egyptian name(s). The earliest mention of a "Sarapis" occurs in the disputed death scene of Alexander (323 BCE),[6] but it is something of a mixup: The unconnected Babylonian god Ea (Enki) was titled Šar Apsi, meaning "king of the Apsu" or "the watery deep",[b] and Ea as Šar Apsi seems to be the deity intended in the description of Alexander's death. Since this "Sarapis" had a temple at Babylon, and was of such importance that only Sarapis is named as being consulted on behalf of the dying king, Sarapis of Babylon appears to have radically altered perceptions of mythologies in the post-Alexandrian era. His significance to the Hellenic psyche, due to the mention in the story of Alexander's death, may have also contributed to the choice of the similar-sounding Osiris-Apis as the chief Ptolemaic god, even if the Ptolemies understood that they were different deities. [...] According to Plutarch, Ptolemy stole the cult statue from Sinope in Asia Minor, having been instructed in a dream by the "unknown god" to bring the statue to Alexandria, where the statue was pronounced to be Serapis by two religious experts. One of the experts was of the Eumolpidae, the ancient family from whose members the hierophant of the Eleusinian Mysteries had been chosen since before history, and the other was the scholarly Egyptian priest Manetho, which gave weight to the judgement both for the Egyptians and the Greeks.
- Wikipedia on Serapis
Help. Everything about this is crazy.
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Sunrise, Šar planina, Balkans [OC] [5472x3648]
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𒀭𒀀𒉣𒈾 ANUNNAKI ·
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šakkanakki Bābili · King of Babylon ·
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Sumu-abum
Sumu-la-El Sabium
Apil-Sin
Sin-Muballit Hammurabi
Samsu-iluna
Abi-Eshuh Ammi-Ditana
Ammi-Saduqa Samsu-Ditana
Dynasty I · Amorite · 1894–1595 BC
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Ilum-ma-ili Itti-ili-nibi
Damqi-ilishu
Ishkibal Shushushi
Gulkishar
DIŠ-U-EN Peshgaldaramesh
Ayadaragalama
Akurduana Melamkurkurra
Ea-gamil
Dynasty II · 1st Sealand · 1725–1475 BC
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Gandash
Agum I Kashtiliash I
Abi-Rattash Kashtiliash II
Urzigurumash
Agum II Harba-Shipak
Shipta'ulzi
Burnaburiash I Ulamburiash
Kashtiliash III
Agum III
Kadashman-Sah
Karaindash Kadashman-Harbe I
Kurigalzu I
Kadashman-Enlil I Burnaburiash II
Kara-hardash
Nazi-Bugash Kurigalzu II
Nazi-Maruttash
Kadashman-Turgu Kadashman-Enlil II
Kudur-Enlil
Shagarakti-Shuriash Kashtiliash IV
Enlil-nadin-shumi
Kadashman-Harbe II Adad-shuma-iddina
Adad-shuma-usur
Meli-Shipak
Marduk-apla-iddina I
Zababa-shuma-iddin
Enlil-nadin-ahi
Dynasty III · Kassite · 1729–1155 BC
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Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
Itti-Marduk-balatu Ninurta-nadin-shumi
Nebuchadnezzar I
Enlil-nadin-apli Marduk-nadin-ahhe
Marduk-shapik-zeri Adad-apla-iddina
Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-zer-X
Nabu-shum-libur
Dynasty IV · 2nd Isin · 1153–1022 BC
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Simbar-shipak
Ea-mukin-zeri Kashshu-nadin-ahi
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Dynasty V · 2nd Sealand · 1021–1001 BC
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Eulmash-shakin-shumi Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
Shirikti-shuqamuna
Dynasty VI · Bazi · 1000–981 BC
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Mar-biti-apla-usur
Dynasty VII · Elamite · 980–975 BC
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Nabu-mukin-apli Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina Shamash-mudammiq
Nabu-shuma-ukin I Nabu-apla-iddina
Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-balassu-iqbi
Baba-aha-iddina
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at least 4 years
Babylonian interregnum
Ninurta-apla-X Marduk-bel-zeri
Marduk-apla-usur Eriba-Marduk
Nabu-shuma-ishkun Nabonassar
Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-shuma-ukin II
Dynasty VIII · E · 974–732 BC
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Nabu-mukin-zeri Tiglath-Pileser III
Shalmaneser V Marduk-apla-iddina II
Sargon II Sennacherib
Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II
Bel-ibni Aššur-nādin-šumi
Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk
Sennacherib aka Sîn-ahhe-erība
Esarhaddon aka Aššur-aḫa-iddina
Ashurbanipal
Šamaš-šuma-ukin
Aššur-bāni-apli Sîn-šumu-līšir
Sîn-šar-iškun
Dynasty IX · Assyrian · 732–626 BC
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Nabopolassar
Nabû-apla-uṣur
Nebuchadnezzar II Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
Amēl-Marduk
Neriglissar
Nergal-šar-uṣur
Lâbâši-Marduk
Nabonidus
Nabû-naʾid
Dynasty X · Chaldean · 626–539 BC
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Cyrus II the Great · Kuraš · 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš ·
Cambyses II · Kambuzīa ·
Bardiya · Barzia ·
Nebuchadnezzar III · Nabû-kudurri-uṣur ·
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Darius I the Great · Dariamuš · 1st reign
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Nebuchadnezzar IV · Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
Darius I the Great · Dariamuš · 2nd reign
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Xerxes I the Great · Aḫšiaršu · 1st reign
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Shamash-eriba · Šamaš-eriba
Bel-shimanni · Bêl-šimânni
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Xerxes I the Great · Aḫšiaršu · 2nd reign
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Artaxerxes I · Artakšatsu
Xerxes II
Sogdianus
Darius II
Artaxerxes II
Artaxerxes III
Artaxerxes IV
Nidin-Bel
Darius III
Babylon under foreign rule · 539 BC – AD 224
Dynasty XI · Achaemenid · 539–331 BC
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Alexander III the Great · Aliksandar
Philip III Arrhidaeus · Pilipsu
Antigonus I Monophthalmus · Antigunusu
Alexander IV · Aliksandar
Dynasty XII · Argead · 331–305 BC
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Seleucus I Nicator · Siluku
Antiochus I Soter · Antiʾukusu
Seleucus · Siluku
Antiochus II Theos · Antiʾukusu
Seleucus II Callinicus · Siluku
Seleucus III Ceraunus ·
Antiochus III the Great · Antiʾukusu
Antiochus ·
Seleucus IV Philopator · Siluku
Antiochus IV Epiphanes ·
Antiochus
Antiochus V Eupator
Demetrius I Soter
Timarchus
Demetrius I Soter
Alexander Balas
Demetrius II Nicator
Dynasty XIII · Seleucid · 305–141 BC
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Mithridates I
Phraates II
Rinnu
Antiochus VII Sidetes
Phraates II
Ubulna
Hyspaosines
Artabanus I
Mithridates II
Gotarzes I
Asi'abatar
Orodes I
Ispubarza
Sinatruces
Phraates III
Piriustana
Teleuniqe
Orodes II
Phraates IV
Phraates V
Orodes III
Vonones I
Artabanus II
Vardanes I
Gotarzes II
Vonones II
Vologases I
Pacorus II
Artabanus III
Osroes I
Vologases III
Parthamaspates
Vologases IV
Vologases V
Vologases VI
Artabanus IV
Dynasty XIV · Arsacid · 141 BC – AD 224
· 9 centuries of Persian Empires · until AD 650
Trajan in AD 116
mid-7th-century Muslim Empire
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1921 Iraqi State
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1978 · 14th of February · Saddam Hussein
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2009 · May · the provincial government of Babil
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so many kings
and just one queen
semiramis
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···· Βαβυλών ··· ΒΑΒΥΛΩΝ ····
Babylonia
Gate of the Gods
بابل Babil 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 · 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 · 𐡁𐡁𐡋 · ܒܒܠ · בָּבֶל
Iraq · 55 miles south of Baghdad
near the lower Euphrates river
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#king#of#babylon#semiramis#assur#uruk#mar-biti-apla-usur#marduk-apla-usur#mesopotamia#annunaki#anunnaki
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Swän
Jag hade behövt dig som vän helt ärligt.. Jag känner dig och förstår dig. Du lånade hundringar som du behövde och jag ställde upp utan att blinka. Jag hade behövt ditt stöd, ditt resonemang och dina konkreta synvinklar.
Jag menar allt handlar väl om Ge & Få? För den som bara tar utan att ge tappar färg o blir grå.
Så om du lyssnar på, vad jag nu säger bro; är BARA:
FUCKING SKÄRP DIG, FORTSÄTT ÄKTA. ��R DET TUNGT I HJÄRTAT, SÅ SNÄLLA BARA BERÄTTA.
Annars fuck it, jag e jugge o jag skiter i dina rundpel
Jag är äkta Šar Planinac och du en inavlad skallig pudel.
Folk verkar inte fatta att det här med att helt spontant rappa är ofta det jag velat säga till min pappa.
Jebiga, livet e fuckt up..
/M.Jajic
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North Macedonia
Wheat, tobacco leaves and opium poppy fruits and embroidery of traditional folk weaving. In the center is a lake and sunrise. The sunrise represents freedom and the mountains represent the šar mountains with the peak Mount Korab. The river vardar and the lake Ohrid. The poppy was brought by the ottomans during thr 19th century.
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Šar Mountains, North Macedonia
Kristijan Arsov
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Alber Kamus i Rene Charu
Iz prepiske, Alber Kami i Rene Šar Albert Camus o Renéu Charu Pjesniku kakav je René Char na nekoliko stranica nije moguće izraziti sve što mu dolikuje, no možemo ga barem situirati. Neka djela zaslužuju da – premda bez podrobnosti – iskoristimo svaku priliku za izražavanje zahvalnosti koju im dugujemo. I veseo sam da mi ovo njemačko izdanje mojih najdražih pjesama nudi priliku reći da Renéa…
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