#zinc corrosion

[johnnymartyr]

Mailbag: How's the Build Quality of the Leica M6 TTL?

by Johnny Martyr My daughter and I checking out the selection at the Leica Store Paris – photo by Stephanie Lee Isaiah Hervé and I follow one another on Instagram. He takes beautiful, serene landscape photos that just blow me away. His work is very fine and nuanced and nothing that I have the patience or skill for! So, many thanks to him for taking an interest in my clumsy…

[distekgroup]

The Ultimate Guide to Thermal Diffusion Zinc Coating Solutions for Steel Products

Distek is one of the leading players in the field of coating technologies. We offer cutting-edge thermal diffusion zinc coating solutions to meet the unique needs of various enterprises. Read more: https://medium.com/@distekg/the-ultimate-guide-to-thermal-diffusion-zinc-coating-solutions-for-steel-products-fa5873389aa3

[distek-group]

Why Coating is Essential to Protect Metals

Metal has been very precious for human beings since the era of the medieval period. We gain knowledge of the anti corrosion coating of steel products. various types of coating are available, their application process, and how to preserve the longevity and good performance of steel. Contact us Now.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Cathodic protection is a concept used to protect large objects, such as ships, pipelines and buildings, from rusting (figure 12.24).

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[mechanicalfinishersinc]

If you’re dealing with rust on iron or metal surfaces, you’re not alone. Rust is a common issue that affects the appearance and structural integrity of various objects, from household tools to industrial equipment. But fear not, for we are here to guide you through the best way to Rust removal services from iron and metal, ensuring your possessions regain their former glory.

Metal finishing services offer a range of solutions, including rust and corrosion removal services. They have the expertise, equipment, and experience to restore your metal items to their former glory. Whether it’s automotive parts, antiques, or industrial machinery, these experts can tackle rust issues with precision.

[chemicalsmaterialsnews]

Zinc Chemicals are Mostly Used in Automotive and Tire Industries

Zinc chemicals are extensively used in the production of automotive tubes and tires. You all are familiar with the increasing number of vehicles on the road because of increasing disposable income of the people. And, zinc chemicals are used in the production of tires and tubes, so it is not that hard to imagine the mammoth demand for these chemicals.

Increasing E-Vehicles Power the Demand for Zinc Chemicals

What’s more, there is an increase in the number of e-vehicles as well on top of the conventional vehicles. Likewise, higher zinc oxide loadings can advance hot air properties, while too low a zinc oxide concentration can give rise to problems. It also decreases heat buildup and wear and tear of tire, making it a significant part of the tire manufacturing industry. Consequently, with the expansion of the tire industry, the demand for zinc oxide. Will also grow leaps and bounds.

Talking of automotive tires, they are mostly manufactured in the Asia Pacific region. The major countries of the region are the key automobile producers; therefore, the requirement for the zinc chemicals will only rise. This is because, there is absolutely no stopping to the demand for vehicles.

China and India are Major Users of Zinc Chemicals

We have talked about the APAC being the largest end user of zinc chemicals earlier, it is not only because of the automotive and tire industry.

China produces the most chemicals all over the world. The chemical manufacturing sector will only grow with time, as a result of a lot of initiatives carried out by the government and also because there is a large base of end-users as well base. The growth in chemical production will bring about a lot of promising prospects for the industry to grow.

The booming agrochemical sector and economic boom in China and India will power the requirement for zinc chemicals. Chemical fertilizers are lower-priced and ease of accessibility are important for the growth of the industry. Zinc sulphate is used as an additive in chemical fertilizers, boosting the industry for zinc chemicals.

Zinc chemicals are also used in decorative coatings and India is home to a lot of decorative and industrial coating manufacturers. Due to the increased requirement for coatings, companies have boosted their production. This will power the demand for synthetic rubber, boosting the requirement for zinc chemicals in the years to come as well.

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing Notes: Poison

References (Forms, Actions & Examples of Poison; Route of Administration; Some Symptoms; What to do if a Poisoning Happens)

400 years back, Paracelsus stated that, “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison.”

If the right dose is taken, it could become a remedy, otherwise poisonous.

Poison - a substance which when administered, inhaled or swallowed by living organism causes ill effects on the body. It is defined also as a medicine in a toxic dose. Toxic substance may be solid, liquid, gas or any environmental agent.

Forms of Poison

Physical form: Gaseous/volatile/vaporous forms of poisons act faster than liquid poisons as they are quickly absorbed. Similarly, liquid poisons act faster than solid poisons. Gaseous or volatile > liquid > solid. For solid poisons, powdered poisons act quickly than the lumps. For example, there are certain seeds that escape the gastrointestinal tract as they are solid, but when crushed, they can be fatal. For solids: powdered > lumps

Chemical form: Few substances like mercury or arsenic are not poisonous as they are insoluble and cannot be absorbed when they are in combination with other substances like mercuric chloride, arsenic oxide, etc. In other cases, the action is vice versa. For example, there are some substances that become inert in combination with silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid and are deadly and poisonous when present in pure forms.

Mechanical combination: The effect of poisons is significantly altered when they are combined with inert substances.

Action of Poisons

Local action: Direct action on the affected site of the body. Examples include irritation and inflammation in strong mineral acids and alkalis, congestion and inflammation by irritants, the effect on motor and sensory nerves, etc.

Remote action: Affects the person due to absorption of that poison into the system of that person. For example, alcohol is absorbed in the system and then it affects the person.

Local and remote actions: Some poisons can affect both local and remote organs. Thus, they not only affect the area with contact to the poison but also cause toxic effect after absorption into the system.

General action: The absorbed poison affects more than one system of the body, for example, mercury, arsenic, etc.

Route of Administration

The route of administration is the path through which a drug, toxin, or poison is taken or administered into the body of a person which is distinguished by the location where any drug is applied. It is mostly classified on the basis of its target:

Topical—has a local effect

Enteral—has a wide effect, i.e., affect the whole system

Parental—follows a systemic action

Poisons are given or taken so that death can occur at once by shock due to stoppage of body’s vital systems.

Route of administration plays a very important role in determination of death by poison as time in which death occurs are fastest in inhaled poisons, relatively slow in injected and lastly when ingested orally.

Some Symptoms

Sore throat

Trouble breathing

Drowsiness, irritability, or jumpiness

Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain without fever

Lip or mouth burns or blisters

Unusual drooling

Strange odors on breath

Unusual stains on clothing

Seizures or unconsciousness

Examples

Poisons Based on Mode of Action

1. Corrosive poisons

Strong Acid - sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid

Strong Base - sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammoniumhydroxide

2. Irritant poisons

(a) Inorganic:

Metallic - lead, arsenic, mercury, antimony, copper, zinc

Non-metallic - chlorine, bromine, iodine

(b) Organic:

Vegetable - croton oil, castor oil

Animal - snake venom, scorpion venom, spider venom

(c) Mechanical: powder glass, diamond dust

3. Neurotic poisons

Cerebral - alcohol, opium, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

Spinal - strychnine

Peripheral - curare

4. Cardiac poisons

5. Asphyxiants - CO2, CO

Poisons Based on Medicolegal Classification

Homicidal poisons - aconite, abrus precatorius, strychnos nux vomica

Suicidal poisons - opium, barbiturate, organophosphorous, organochloro compounds

Accidental poisons - snake bite, CO, dhatura's seeds as it resembles capsicum seeds

Abortifacient poisons - quinine, calotropis

Stupefying agents - dhatura, chloral hydrate

Agents used to cause body injury - corrosive acids

Cattle poison - abrus precatorius, calotropis

Used for malingering - semicarpus anacardium

Poisons Based on Toxico-analytical Classification

1. Gaseous poisons: methanol, ethanol, benzene, toluene, acetone

2. Volatile substances: ethane, butane

3. Organic Non-volatile substances:

Drugs - opiates and synthetic narcotics, sedatives and hypnotics, stimulants, depressants

Pesticides - insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, nematocides

4. Metallic poisons: arsenic, lead, mercury, antimony, zinc, copper

5. Anion poisons: bromide, cyanide, fluoride, hypochlorite, nitrate, phosphate, sulfide, sulfate

Poisons Based on Physical State

1. Solid: lead, arsenic, mercury

2. Liquid:

Organic - ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone

Inorganic - liquid ammonia, liquid sulfur dioxide

3. Gaseous: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

Poisonous Fumes or Gases

In the home, poisonous fumes can be emitted from the following sources:

A car running in a closed garage

Leaky gas vents

Wood, coal, or kerosene stoves that are not working properly

Mixing bleach and ammonia together while cleaning, which makes chloramine gas

Strong fumes from other cleaners and solvents

Common Household Products

Oily hydrocarbon products are thin and slippery and can easily suffocate if the substances are drawn into the lungs when ingested. The products can cause chemical pneumonia by coating the inside of the lungs. Products that are required to have a safety lid include:

Baby oils

Sunscreens

Nail enamel dryers

Hair oils

Bath, body, and massage oils

Makeup removers

Some automotive chemicals (gasoline additives, fuel injection cleaners, and carburetor cleaners)

Cleaning solvents (wood oil cleaners, metal cleaners, spot removers, and adhesive removers)

Some water repellents containing mineral spirits used for decks, shoes, and sports equipment

General-use household oil

Gun-cleaning solvents containing kerosene

Oil products that are thicker and more "syrupy" are not as problematic, since they are not as easily inhaled into the lungs.

What to do if a poisoning happens

Swallowed poisons

Stay calm, act quickly, and follow these guidelines:

Get the poison away

If the substance is still in the mouth, make them spit it out or remove it with your fingers (keep this along with any other evidence of what was swallowed)

Do not make them vomit

Do not follow instructions on packaging regarding poisoning because these are often outdated. Instead, call Poison Help to get connected to a local poison center.

Take or send the poison container with you to help the healthcare provider find out what was swallowed.

Poisons on the skin

If someone spills a chemical on his or her body, remove his or her clothes and rinse the skin with lukewarm—not hot—water.

If the area shows signs of being burned, continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes, no matter how much they may protest.

Then call the poison control center for further advice.

Do not use ointments or grease.

Poison in the eye

Flush the eye by holding the eyelid open and pouring a steady stream of lukewarm—not hot—water into the inner corner of the eye.

If this is a child, you may need help from another adult to hold the child while you rinse the eye.

Continue flushing the eye for 15 minutes, and call the poison control center for further instructions.

Do not use an eyecup, eyedrops, or ointment unless the poison center tells you to do so.

Poisonous fumes or gases

If someone breathes in fumes or gases, get him or her into fresh air right away.

If they are breathing without a problem, call the poison center for further instructions.

If they are having difficulty breathing, call 911 or your local emergency service (EMS).

If they have stopped breathing, start CPR and do not stop until they breathe on their own or someone else can take over.

If you can, have someone call 911 right away.

If you are alone, perform CPR for 2 minutes and then call 911.

Be prepared for a poisoning emergency by posting the poison center telephone number by every telephone in your home.

Sources: 1 2 3 ⚜ Writing Notes & References

Writing Notes: Fictional Poisons

[the-faultofdaedalus]

smth about the corrosion of metals being described in an almost living way,,,, bronze disease,,,, zinc rot…. tin plague….. corrosion as a living breathing thing that is eating inorganic substances alive,,,,,,

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Liquid Metal Embrittlement

Ductile metals can turn brittle after contact with liquid metal and the presence of an applied stress (usually) in a phenomenon known as liquid metal embrittlement. (Also sometimes thought of as a collection of phenomena, based on the mechanisms involved.) Liquid metal embrittlement tends to occur with specific combinations of metals: zinc, mercury, and lithium are common liquid metals, with zinc able to embrittle some steels and aluminum alloys, mercury aluminum and copper alloys, and lithium some steels and copper alloys, for example. Mercury is the most common culprit of liquid metal embrittlement, which is one reason the metal is prohibited on commercial aircraft.

Sources/Further Reading: (Image source - 2021 article) (Corrosion Clinic) (TWI) (Wikipedia)

[mineralsrocksandfossiltalks]

Monday Musings: Copper Alloys

Alloys are typically a man-made mixture of metals and/or metals and metalloids or nonmetals. Alloys are often stronger, harder, more durable and more resistant to corrosion than the metals that make it up are on their own. They may even have a lower melting point which makes it easier to mold.

Copper has two major alloys: bronze and brass.

Bronze was discovered (possibly by accident) in the 4th millenium BC. The earliest alloys were copper-arsenic which, as you can imagine, is probably not a great thing to be making tools and tiles out of. While not dangerous as the alloy, the smelting process does give off dangerous arsenic fumes.

Today, bronze is about 88% copper and 12% tin but it can contain a small amount of aluminum, manganese, silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, or zinc.

Bronze has a reddish-brown metallic color. It is harder than copper and iron but can be brittle under extreme force.

Because it lacks iron it is resistant to corrosion by water and it is a great conductor because it contains so much copper. Bronze has a melting point of 950 degrees Celsius compared to the 1,085 degree melting point of copper (however tin only has a melting point of 231.9 degrees Celsius).

Bronze also has low friction.

Brass is an alloy of generally 66% copper and 34% zinc though it can also have small amounts aluminum, lead, silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, or manganese. It has a sort of golden metallic color.

Like bronze, brass has a high melting point of about 900-940 degrees Celsius (zinc is about 419 degrees Celsius).

Brass is more malleable than bronze or zinc allowing it to be shaped into more things. It is also resistant to corrosion, has low friction, and is a good conductor, but it is stiffer than copper making it more susceptible to stress-fracturing.

Fun fact, brass as some antibacterial properties.

Hope you had fun learning a little bit about copper alloys today. Tune in tomorrow for a little trivia! Fossilize you later!

[pallas-perspective]

Not sure if you've already covered, but steel type care?

Since my previous type guides are STILL missing (I spent soooo long formatting them :[ fuck my liiiiiife) I'll give a quick run-through here. This post will go over steel type misconceptions, general care, and then some specific examples from Mirror (my friend Tay's absolutely precious Mawile) and Kororā (my koro's Empoleon)

Firstly, while "Steel" is the term we commonly use, Steel type Pokemon can be made of a wide range of metals and alloys! Unfortunately I'm not fully up to date on all the science there (I can barely work a bunsen burner) but when caring for your Pokemon the number one thing you should do- first and foremost- is learn what they specifically are made of. This extends beyond steel types, learning what kinds of feathers or furs or liquids make up your Pokemon is important to make sure that you can care for them in the way they need!

Additionally, many steel types aren't fully metallic. Some definitely are, but others may only have specific metallic elements to them that require specific care. For example:

Mawile have metal "teeth" in their back horn(s).

Empoleon have a metallic crests/horns and metal edges around their wings.

Both of these Pokemon have different considerations to keep in mind while caring for them. Mirror tends to only require what some would consider dental care, applying protective and strong coating to the teeth to keep them in good shape and allow her to bite easier. Kororā, meanwhile, is in his older years and so sometimes he requires sharpening on his wings (and alternatively, wing-caps for when he's not doing his work- koro got him custom ones and he likes them so much that sometimes it's a fight to get him to take them off) along with polishing his crest.

The FIRST thing to learn about steel type maintenance is corrosion and rust. While most steel types are able to regenerate themselves over time, extensive damage needs to be seen to. A good comparison for humans is tooth decay. Enamel can repair itself but if the teeth aren't in good shape and aren't seen to for a good while it can weaken and lead to a cavity.

Of course, just like with teeth, each Pokemon's "steel" is different. Some are simply more durable, some are more vulnerable to certain conditions, it happens!

When looking over your steel types, make sure to check their metallic parts and look for either pitting (small pockets of corroded metal) across the metal, or corrosion along the edges. Rust tends to be more obvious.

Corrosion happens due to a range of metals that can be in Pokemon (iron, copper, etc)

As a side note, copper oxidization can actually increase durability, though make sure to inspect primarily copper/copper-alloy Pokemon regularly. (Sadly I've never gotten to groom a Cufant or Copperajah, but there's always hope for some day!)

In general, corrosion can relate to environments with heavy moisture content or just if your Pokemon loves to swim. AGAIN, some steel type Pokemon have metals that are suited to the water, so it depends on which mon you're working with.

Safeguarding against this corrosion can really depend on what you have access too, professional steelworkers will often galvanize their steel types in a bath of molten zinc (I got to watch this once, the HAPPIEST Arons I've ever seen). There are a range of products that the average trainer can use at home, chemical coating spray or zinc phosphate primers are all wonderful options. Make sure to check which formula has the best results with your specific Pokemon and then apply the paint or primer to a small section of their coat to check for any kind of adverse reactions.

Make sure to use sulfate-free cleaning products on your steel types!!!!!!!!

And my final note, make sure to pay attention to the ENTIRE Pokemon. Don't just tend to the metal, give the rest of them a good scritch or a brush or a wash. Show them that you appreciate all of them and trust me, they'll appreciate you too.

I think that's all I have for an overview. I wish that I could upload some of my old videos again, it'd be so much easier to explain if I could show ya'll...

But until then, I'll just keep posting information from Pallas' Perspective. Tune in next time~

[distekgroup]

Distek company developed and patented a new non-polluting technology of anti-corrosion protection for steel parts, based on a thermal-diffusion zinc-coating process using powder mixtures.

[distek-group]

What Makes Zinc Coating a Superior Metal Coating Option

We know metals are prone to corrosion. And we also know of its negative impacts, such as damaging the metal structure and entailing financial losses. Therefore, we should consider an effective method to guard metals against corrosion. Zinc coating is an effective technique to protect metals from corrosion. Due to zinc coating corrosion resistance, metal life becomes long.

[solarpunks]

A rendering of a rooftop terrace installed by the Parisian startup Roofscapes.

Paris When It Sizzles: The City of Light Aims to Get Smart on Heat

With its zinc roofs and minimal tree cover, Paris was not built to handle the new era of extreme heat. Now, like other cities worldwide, it is looking at ways to adapt to rising temperatures — planting rooftop terraces, rethinking its pavements, and greening its boulevards.

In many cities, this urban remodeling project is already underway. In New York City, workers and volunteers have planted over a million trees to add shade and clean the air. In Seville, Spain, city planners are using the technology of ancient underground waterways to provide cooling for the city without depending on air‑conditioning. In Freetown, Sierra Leone, officials are creating urban gardens, improving access to clean water, and erecting plexiglass awnings over outdoor markets. In Los Angeles, public works crews are painting streets white to increase reflectivity. In India, they are experimenting with green roofs, which absorb heat and create space to grow food. But perhaps nowhere in the world do the challenges, as well as the opportunities, loom larger than in Paris, where nearly 80 percent of the buildings have zinc roofs — an affordable, corrosion-resistant and virtually inflammable innovation of the 19th century. But those roofs are, in the 21st century, deadly — heating up to 194 degrees F on a summer day. And because top‑floor garrets were not insulated, that heat is transferred directly into the rooms below.

[ohwaitwhatdamn]

Unburying is the first action

Take great care and patience

while removing fractured and splintered wood

to replace for (re)purpose is the second action

Galvanizing the tracks with zinc to

create a sacrificial layer to protect the

metal surface from corrosion is the third action

Reactivation, rebuilding, revitalization, and restoring

These tracks once lead to somewhere

If you listen closely, you can still hear the train whistle

[pehlaplatform]

BRASS

 Brass refers to a variety of copper and zinc alloys known for their durability, strength, longevity, and corrosion resistance. It is primarily composed of copper and zinc, though small quantities of other elements like lead, aluminum, or iron can also be added to modify its properties. The typical composition of brass ranges from 55% to 95% copper, with the remainder being zinc.

Brass is recognized for its bright, gold-like appearance, making it attractive for ornamental applications. It is also valued for its corrosion resistance, malleability, and good conductivity, especially in comparison to other metals like steel.

There are several types of brass, including:

 **Superfine brass**: superfine brass is a high-quality type of brass known for its smooth texture, superior finish, and fine-grain structure. It is typically used in applications where precision, durability, and aesthetic appeal are important. This grade of brass has a higher copper content compared to other forms of brass, making it more resistant to corrosion and more malleable, which improves its workability.

Superfine brass is often used in manufacturing products like musical instruments, jewelry, decorative items, and high-precision components. The term "superfine" implies that the material has undergone a process to enhance its quality and appearance, ensuring it meets higher standards for specific uses.

**Nascence Brass**: Contains up to 37% zinc and is fairly ductile, making it easy to form into different shapes. It is commonly used in electrical connectors, musical instruments, and decorative items.

**Beta Brass**: Contains a higher percentage of zinc (more than 37%) and tends to be stronger but less ductile. It is frequently used in hardware, machinery, and marine applications.

**Leaded Brass**: Contains small quantities of lead (around 1-3%), which improves machinability but can reduce its corrosion resistance. It is used in the manufacture of intricate machines.

Brass is utilized in a variety of industries, including the production of musical instruments, plumbing fixtures, electrical connectors, and coins, due to its malleability and resistance to corrosion.

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