#youth in canadian history

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"YOUNG CANADA WATCHES THE FURIES," Toronto Star. July 3, 1934. Page 19. --- The superb demonstration of air acrobatics, given Toronto by England's three silver Furies yesterday lifted thousands of chins to the sky. These youngsters viewed the exhibition from the C.N.E. grounds. They had a ring-side seat for every loop and dive without the attendant discomfort of a crick in the neck.

[allbeendonebefore]

thinking about how much damage stuff like the alberta report did to us as a society and i am still mad about it and this was within my lifetime. the report may no longer exist but everyone on social media continues to parrot it so it might as well be still alive and kicking.

[ourmindonmusicpodcast]

Goddo Set to Hit the Stage!

I know some people feel this isn’t really Goddo without all the original members…. Me? I’m excited to know these guys will be up on the stage and playing live again! A quote from Goddo’s Facebook page: “Rehearsal rooms are great and we have a wonderful one but we’ve decided to get this act in front of an actual audience before we start our upcoming tour dates. So if you live in the Durham area…

[drizzledrawings]

It’s weird watching American politics as a Canadian

I was 15 when he was first elected, I remember walking into school the next day and it was silent

Now I’m 23 and he’s president again, and it feels surreal, cause for the past 8 years I’ve watched Canada follow America’s footsteps, copying their bills, and watching my peers and neighbours slowly get radicalized by the propaganda from a country that isn’t their own

Canada sucks in its own right, we have awful policies and a long awful history of racism of our own, but I remember in my youth I thought things were better, I thought they would continue to get better. But half of the Conservative Party wants to ban abortion and contraceptives, and most of them hate trans people too.

The liberal party is just a done up version of them, just less forward about their bigotry. Saying the right words but with no actual action. Why do a lot of reservations still not have clean water Trudeau?

But what gets me is that so much of our politics are based on what happens on the other side of the border, it feels like we’re constantly comparing ourselves and trying to be better (liberals) or trying to be like them (conservatives)

I’ll be 27 by the time trumps second term is done, and I’m unsure if he’ll let it be over, I’m worried about how much this win will affect not only Canada but the rest of the world

I know it won’t be the end but damn it’s hard not to catastrophize

[hetheyshe-remade]

happy pride month!!! it's also indigenous history month here in canada. i'm a two-spirit youth support worker whos been struggling financially the last few months, and have just barely been able to cover my basic needs. i'm also looking to getting a car soon and need help with savings, as a car would give me a lot of new opportunities for employment + help me in becoming more self-sufficient. if anyone wants to help out a disabled two-spirit wo/man this pride month or give reparations to a first nations person whos been struggling due to generational trauma & canadian racial inequality this indigenous history month, my p-yp-l is linked below. reblogs would help out too! thanks!

ppl.me/shinymews

[cantaloupetheclown]

hey just so you know it is the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation in Canada today, September 30th. this day recognizes the tragedy and horror of the "Indian Residential School" system that was active since before 1867, and continued up to 1997. it was focused on removing Indigenous youth from their tribes and communities and assimilating them into the culture of european colonizers, which effectively cut off an entire generation from their people and families, destroying many aspects of Indigenous culture. it was also responsible for the deaths of many Indigenous children, most of which were covered up as much as possible.

September 30th is also called Orange Shirt Day, in honor of Phyllis Webstad. when she was initially taken into a residential school, they confiscated her personal clothing, including a brand new orange shirt, and never returned them. many people choose to wear orange shirts on this day in solidarity of the children that were stolen.

the day is now dedicated to learning about Indigenous cultures, figuring out matters of reconciliation and recompense, minimizing further harm to Indigenous communities, and honoring the lives lost and changed due to this act of genocide.

colonization is very prevalent all over the world, so even if you're not Canadian it likely reflects a similar history in your country, that is one reason why I feel it can benefit people of all nationalities to learn about.

and while reading and learning online is important, nothing can match the experience of talking about it directly to Indigenous people who have gone through these things. their stories and beliefs and experiences are important and incredible to learn about.

[creatorsawoman]

my 2s repost the links should lead to archive links <3

Hi I want to apologize for taking so long to respond, I wanted to get my thoughts together, to answer this properly. This’ll be long.

First, it is important that I define to you what exactly I know and see two-spirit as/to be. I’ll start with the definition from wikipedia: “Two-spirit (also two spirit, 2S or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial and social role in their cultures.”

What I know the usage of the term two-spirit to be, yes, it is quite an umbrella term. I find it used all over Canada and America by Indigenous youth who identify as trans, AND by those who are LGB. As it is in usage now, it seems to just be the catch-all for any GNC or LGB indigenous kid. A label. And although I do think it’s wonderful for any LGB or T-identified or gender non-conforming Indigenous child to find a label that makes themselves comfortable and makes it easier to find others who have the same life experiences, I also think it’s wrong.

The intention of Two-spirit is meant, as we see in the wiki definition, as a catch-all describer of “traditional third-gender, ceremonial and social role in their cultures” for anybody who is North American indigenous. Anon I’m sure you know already but for those that don’t, our roles, typically, are heavily appointed by Elders. You don’t just identify yourself into performing traditions, you are appointed it by elders, or else you ask for their, for lack of better word, blessing. But… you’d be hard pressed to find much of our culture that does this for a “third gender” or “two spirit”.

I can’t speak for every indigenous culture as I was raised mainly into the Cree part of my family and not the Saulteaux/Oji-Cree, but in Cree culture the word of our Elders is sacred. Oral history is how we learn of our culture, in part because we were hit hard in the Canadian genocide of First Nations. I can very safely say, out of all the things I learned from my elders, the only thing I ever had to “teach” them was what Two-spirit meant and what a third-gender is. Because they didn’t know. They could tell me what life was like before they were taken away from the reservation, they could tell me tales of creatures, of Wendigo and Little People, they could tell me and teach me what is sacred to us, what our roles as male and female are, but they couldn’t tell me what Two-spirit is. I had to learn that from the white man. Why is that? Well… possibly because it’s not a thing. It’s not sacred. It isn’t part of the history.

And even if it is in any subset of our cultures, all these kids and indigenous youth who use 2S to identify themselves? They were not appointed the term by elders, they label it themselves.

I think it is important to note here that “Two-spirit” itself was a term first (as we know so far according to Wikipedia, so take that as you will) founded and pushed out of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, which is Treaty 1 territory, home to Anishinaabe. I am not a part of this territory (although I have Elder family members who are from Sandy Bay, who I can confirm also do not know of two-spirit) but one quick search of “anishinaabe third gender” will even only bring up modern day Two-spirit ideas, and the coining of the term in 1990. Same with any search for “(nation) third gender.” I have had a very lovely Anishinaabe anon in the past, and she has also vented her frustration at the use of the term, especially as an umbrella term for any Indigenous kid who is LGB or T, so I do take some assumption there from her that it is also not much of a thing in Ojibwe culture or any of the other Anishinaabe cultures.

What’s most important, and why I oppose it so much (other than the fact that it’s just, as I see, straight up a white man-made concept) is that the term “two-spirit” was created to replace other, more offensive words.

It’s main replacement is for “berdache”, a white (French) word, used against male Indigenous men, particularly homosexual Indigenous men. It is a slur. “Male berdaches did women’s work, cross-dressed or combined male and female clothing, and formed relationships with non-berdache men.”

It is, also, meant sometimes to replace the word, Winkte, or winyanktehca. Lakota meaning ‘wants to be like a woman’. Particularly used against, again, homosexual Lakota men.

It is, also, sometimes used as a replacement for Nádleehi, which was/is used in Diné culture as a word for effeminate males. Particularly used against, you guessed it, homosexual Diné men.

Now, to me, I think it is pretty plain to see that this is a term meant to replace some of our more homophobic terms used in Indigenous communities. But replacing homophobic terms with new ones doesn’t make it any less homophobic. These terms were meant to other homosexual indigenous men, and they were also used by white people. For us to, in this day and age when our culture is shifting to a less homophobic one, use the term two-spirit to continue to other LGB indigenous people? That’s not right to me. There was no reclamation of any of these terms, there was just a white replacement word that doesn’t sound as bad. But it still means the same thing. It’s still as white as a Frenchman calling a gay Indigenous man berdache.

I could keep going on and on, especially about how it is used in current day culture by indigenous youth as a special label, and how none of the people using it seem to actually have talked to their elders about it, but really my biggest problem with it is just how extremely homophobic it is. And how white people use it as “proof” that transgenderism has “always existed” when those same white people don’t even bother to fucking listen when some of us scream at them how wrong they are. And then I could keep going on screaming about how it’s been shoehorned as an acronym onto Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women which is so fucking disrespectful.

[columtard]

Marc Lépine’s suicide letter.

This post includes both the Original French and the translated English text of Marc Lépine’s suicide note, found in his jacket pocket, which as well contained two other letters to friends.

English (Translation)

"Forgive the mistakes, I had 15 minutes to write this. See also Annex.

Would you note that if I commit suicide today 89-12-06 *December 6th 1989* it is not for economic reasons (for I have waited until I exhausted all my financial means, even refusing jobs) but for political reasons. Because I have decided to send the feminists, who have always ruined my life, to their Maker. For seven years life has brought me no joy and being totally blasé, I have decided to put an end to those viragos.

I tried in my youth to enter the Forces as an officer cadet, which would have allowed me possibly to get into the arsenal and precede Lortie in a raid. They refused me because asocial. I therefore had to wait until this day to execute my plans. In between, I continued my studies in a haphazard way for they never really interested me, knowing in advance my fate. Which did not prevent me from obtaining very good marks despite my theory of not handing in work and the lack of studying before exams.

Even if the Mad Killer epithet will be attributed to me by the media, I consider myself a rational erudite that only the arrival of the Grim Reaper has forced to take extreme acts. For why persevere to exist if it is only to please the government. Being rather backward-looking by nature (except for science), the feminists have always enraged me. They want to keep the advantages of women (e.g. cheaper insurance, extended maternity leave preceded by a preventative leave, etc.) while seizing for themselves those of men.

Thus it is an obvious truth that if the Olympic Games removed the Men-Women distinction, there would be Women only in the graceful events. So the feminists are not fighting to remove that barrier. They are so opportunistic they *do not* neglect to profit from the knowledge accumulated by men through the ages. They always try to misrepresent them every time they can. Thus, the other day, I heard they were honoring the Canadian men and women who fought at the frontline during the world wars. How can you explain *that since* women were not authorized to go to the frontline??? Will we hear of Caesar's female legions and female galley slaves who of course took up 50% of the ranks of history, though they never existed. A real Casus Belli.

Sorry for this too brief letter.

Marc Lépine

Annex *list of 19 names and telephone numbers of women Lepine identified as feminists*

Nearly died today. (The lack of time because I started too late) has allowed these radical feminists to survive.

Alea Jacta Est”

French (Original)

“Excusez les fautes. J'avais 15 minutes pour l'écrire (Voir aussi Annexe)

Veillez noter que si je me suicide aujourd'hui 89/12/06 ce n'est pas pour des raisons économiques (car j'ai attendu d'avoir épuisé tout mes moyens financiers refusant même de l'emploi) mais bien pour des raisons politiques. Car j'ai décidé d'envoyer Ad Patres les féministes qui m'ont toujours gaché la vie. Depuis 7 ans que la vie ne m'apporte plus de joie et étant totalement blasé, j'ai décidé de mettre des bâtons dans les roues à ces viragos.

J'avais déjà essayés dans ma jeunesse de m'engager dans les Forces comme élève-officier, ce qui m'aurais permit de possiblement pénétrer dans l'arsenal et de procédé Lortie dans une rassia. Ils m'ont refusé because associal. J'ai donc attendu jusqu'a ce jour pour mettre à exécution mes projets. Entre temps, j'ai continué mes études au grès du vent car elles ne m'ont jamais intéressée sachant mon destin à l'avance. Ce qui ne m'a pas empécher d'avoir de très bonnes notes malgré ma théorie de travaux non remis ainsi que la carence d'étude avant les examens.

Même si l'épitète Tireur Fou va m'être attribué dans les médias, je me considère comme un érudit rationnel que seul la venu de la Faucheuse on amméné à posé des gestes extrèmistes.

Car pourquoi persévéré à exister si ce n'est que faire plaisir au gouvernement. Etant plûtot passéiste (Exception la science) de nature, les féministes ont toujours eux le dont de me faire rager. Elles veulent conserver les avantages des femmes (ex. assurances moins cher, congé de maternité prolongé précédé d'un retrait préventif, etc.) tout en s'accaparant de ceux des hommes.

Ainsi c'est une vérité de la palice que si les Jeux olympiques enlevaient la distinction Homme/ Femme, il n'y aurait de Femmes que dans les compétitions gracieuses. Donc les féministes ne se battent pas pour enlever cette barrière. Elles sont tellement opportunistes qu'elles ne négligent pas de profiter des connaissances accumuler par les hommes au cours de l'histoire.

Elles essai toutefois de travestir celles-ci toute les fois qu'elles le peuvent. Ainsi l'autre jour j'ai entendu qu'on honoraient les canadiens et canadiennes qui ont combattus au front pendant les guerres mondiales. Comment expliquer cela alors que les femmes n'étaient pas autorisés à aller au front??? Va-t-on entendre parler des légionnaires et galériennes de César qui naturellement occuperont 50% des effectifs de l'histoire malgré qu'elles n'a jamais exister. Un vrai Casus Belli.

Désoler pour cette trop compendieuse lettre.

Marc Lépine

Annexe *Suit une liste de 19 noms*

Ont toutes Failli disparaitre aujourd'hui. Le manque de temps (car je m'y suis mis trop tard) à permis que ces féministes radicals survives.

Alea Jacta Est”

source

[mercurygray]

HBOWW2 Rewatch: June-August 1943

Since Week 2's episodes really only take us through 3 months of 1943 there's not a lot of big picture stuff to get caught up on.

But man, oh man, are there some big things happening elsewhere.

June: The Zoot Suit Riots take place in Los Angeles when a group of sailors on leave get into a fight with Mexican American youth near the waterfront, leading to retaliatory action from many more sailors and soldiers in the following days. The riots last ten days, and are only stopped when the Army and Navy declare L.A. off limits to military personnel. (This is not the only race-related act of violence this month, but it is certainly the most well known.)

Charles de Gaulle and Henri Giraud are named co-presidents of the French Committee of National Liberation. This institution would challenge the legitimacy of the Vichy government and provide a unifying force for French forces abroad and at home. It will also function as a provisional government in Algeria, which has recently been liberated during the North Africa campaign.

The Tuskegee Airmen have their first encounter with the Luftwaffe as six P-40 Warhawks are attacked over the island of Pantelleria by 12 German Focke-Wulf 190 fighters. Pantelleria has recently surrendered and will serve as a jumping off point for the invasion of Sicily, which begins in July. (Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz is currently serving as the head of Mediterranean Air Force Command.)

The invasion of Sicily starts on July 9th as a combined US, British and Canadian force lands at points around the island, starting a month-long race by General Patton's forces to move from Licata in the south to Messina in the north in an effort to catch the Germans before they can evacuate to the mainland. (Sadly, most of the Germans do make it off the island.) Both this campaign, and the North Africa campaign that preceded it, are launched to redirect resources away from the Eastern Front - a move that largely succeeds.

Speaking of the Eastern Front, the battle of Kursk begins on July 9. It is the single largest battle in the history of warfare, and is a turning point for the entire European war. The use of air support in what is largely a tank battle leads to one of the single costliest days of aerial combat.

On July 19, Allied Air Forces bomb Rome, which leads, in some large part, to the resignation of Mussolini as Prime Minister on July 25th, ending a 17 year dictatorship.

On July 27th and 28th, the RAF bomb Hamburg. High winds and drought conditions lead to the greatest single-day loss of life in wartime as more than 30,000 city residents burn to death after bombs set the entire town aflame.

Also in June, the new town of Oak Ridge, Tennesee, which will house workers for the Manhattan Project, officially receives its first residents, and "Comin' in on a Wing and a Prayer" by The Song Spinners tops the Billboard singles chart.

Heading into August, Operation Tidal Wave, the bombing of Ploesti, Romania, begins as 177 B-24 bombers attack the oil plant. This will be the first of many, many bombing runs on this target, which is a sigificant source of fuel for the Axis. (And you can't outrun Patton in Sicily or fight tank wars in Russia if you don't have fuel)

The United States Women's Air Service Pilots, or WASPS, is officially formed under the auspices of Jackie Cochran and Nancy Love. The program consolidates 2 previous groups in an attempt to leverage civilian pilots for ferrying duties.

So. It's August of 1943. The Allies are eyeing mainland Italy for their next assault. The Russians are slugging away in Kursk. The 8th Air Force has just gotten through the Regensberg- Schweinfurt raid. September will probably hold much of the same. Or ...will it?

[blysse-and-blunder]

in lieu of a quiet sunday night

sunday, 11pm, September 22, 2024 ~ cider close to hand, both alcoholic and non; hozier playing in the background; evidently it's the first day of fall

reading since i skipped doing one of these last week, both of my reading picks tonight are actually from a little while ago. both were so, so compelling, but for different reasons. one an award-winning piece of twentieth-century canadian literature set in 1970s india, the other a scandalous semi-autobiographical account of drinking, dating, and divorce in roaring twenties new york.

i think that drew me into both of these first was their dialogue-- both authors are so good at writing distinctly unique, distinctly not-what-i-usually-hear character dialogue, without it sounding at all affected. i got the feeling that both authors were working from life, describing societies they knew inside and out, and had observed intimately. so much detail about the, like, material and sensory details of these two different settings-- what everyone wore out to dinner in the twenties, and what they were eating and drinking; what shopping for a chicken or going to the doctor was like in mid-seventies bombay, what school was like, how people were discussing the government... beyond that, these two feel so dissimilar that comparing them is going to do a disservice to both. though i guess both have, at different points in their histories, been the subject of some scandal. listening shout out to my 'for you' playlist last week, which was one hit after another-- but opened with this, and introduced me to rachel chinouriri! whose sound i really like. that first slow build up to the guitar bursting in? got my attention immediately. the lyrics to this one are, admittedly, wild to be singing while trying to write job apps, but it's melancholy in enough of an upbeat way that it almost feels calming?

No point in trying to prove yourself to them Why question who you are from deep within? No matter what, your youth is gonna end My god it’s sinking in There’s no point in anything

the whole album goes down so smooth, and is rewarding repeat listens. i love her voice. i love how late i am to discovering her, since she's opening for sabrina carpenter now apparently.

watching no shogun time this week, but the gang and i sat down to experience the first episode of a new series, which i cannot stop thinking about. imagine like. australian broadchurch, but only one of the main characters and all the victims are actually in a bleak crime drama, and every other character is doing like parks & rec. also it's extremely gay. and rude. and funny. favorite characters are dulcie, and sven the guy who keeps asking who he can delegate stuff to. also dulcie's wife, who i'm so worried about the world crushing somehow, she seems too optimistic to survive undamaged!

playing did i mention finishing act ii of pentiment? now that @blue--period is playing it, i realized i wanted to get further and be able to discuss. i was devastated by the end of act i, but the end of act ii feels... bleak in a way i wasn't expecting, at all. i'm already planning a second play-through using my other save file, since i failed a bunch of checks in act ii (a few i think based on the background i had chosen, aggravating since it was helpful in other ways) and no spoilers, but in other ways, i failed by succeeding. saving act iii for now, since i have a busy next couple of weeks. much love to caspar, my best boy.

making fallow week. check back soon for experiments with medieval ink making, though!! i have sourced ingredients, and parchment scraps, from kind friends and colleagues who won't ask me to pay for them, and will shortly be (i hope) benefiting from someone else's paper-making budget. stay tuned.

working on prepping for my students' quiz on thursday, and the following assignment due in early oct, by brainstorming what i want to ask them to do and then not actually writing the rubric or instructions. alternating with staring at the descriptions of various job openings and trying to pick up lots of detail about the hiring departments. wrote up a 2-page dissertation summary, which sucked. feeling more chill about the process than i thought, which is also because it doesn't feel like it's happening to me, exactly. writing sample and finalized cover letter this week?

[rnp5324]

❖-Corps | Head full of thoughts

Actual story stuff -Magneto governs over the island nation of Genosha, a safe haven for all Mutants, even the ❖-Corps members are welcome here. Currently, he is opposing the rising Fellowship of Humanity organization in the United States, a branch group of the Friends of Humanity with more of a theocratic agenda—based off the Moral Majority in a sense. His focus rests on the politicians like Allison’s father, who wish to push extreme legislation against Mutants in Montana, threatening to take action with his acolytes to put a stop to the impending oppression. -That and, due to Allison being a spokesperson for her dad’s campaign, gets a big stink eye from Magneto after she disappeared; When she manifested her X-Gene. -The Fellowship works in the interests of a broader organization known as Armageddon. They are a terrorist group with the desires of ‘purifying’ humanity on a global scale, but of course, they intend to do this by making imperial forces work in their favor. -Magneto is seeking Allison to make a bargain with Richard Natus: Her safe return in exchange for eliminating his Anti-Mutant legislation, or to be met with forced resistance and Allison kept as a political prisoner. -Yeah, the US/UN ain’t too happy about it. They step up to say they’ll fire on Genosha if Magneto even tries to lay a finger on Richard. -Charles Xavier is in a race against time to reach Allison before Magneto does. He is able to locate her through Cerebro in order to warn her and guide the youth, and Logan is not too happy about being found by Charles after requesting the team leaves him alone in the fallout of his major incident. Ya know, to create more tension. -Logan and Allison had taken refuge in the Canadian wilderness since that’s where Logan was staying inside of his RV. The two butt heads due to their clashing ideologies, but eventually have to suck it up and work together to help her control her new powers, without being disgusted. -Kikyo Mikage works under Magneto as one of his acolytes, but only kills if there is honor in the task he’s assigned. Kikyo is willing to use violence to deliver justice and that’s something he really values in Magneto. Kikyo can finally live as himself in Genosha instead of living in the shadows of Japan’s society. Though he finds it incredibly dishonorable that Magneto would weaponize the wellbeing of a child to achieve his objectives, which ultimately leads him to join Logan. -Oh yeah should mention that Armageddon is running science experiments to artificially create an Omega Class Mutant as a weapon to take down the world’s strongest Mutants, basically what they were trying to do with Deadpool in X-Men Origins Wolverine, but actually cool. The Mutant is called Magnum Opus. I’m a fan of puns, you see.

Side notes -If Wanda and Pietro get involved in this, they are both going to be Mutants and brown skinned. I MAKE THE RULES!!! -Anyway uh still working on who else I want as Magneto’s acolytes lol -Sometimes I refer to Allison as “Allen”. It’s her self-imposed disguise name which Logan makes a joke about it being a boy’s name. -Genosha is definitely stockpiling on weapons, no doubt. -Allison borrows one of Logan’s shrunken down suits to help with her Mutation! It’s blue in contrast to his red. Logan gets his own category -He refers to large sections of Canada as Sectors. It’s likely this stems from his time working under Alpha Flight, and the Canadian Government before joining the ❖-Corps. -He’s managed to keep a majority of his old suits with him, as he believes that it’s the only solid part of his history he can look back on. Perhaps not as himself, but as Wolverine. -Anyway the reason Logan is at a low point in his career is bc the last mission he was on involved him unwillingly going on a Berserker Rage that resulted in a destructive rampage and the stabbing of his teammate and Girlfriend, Storm. During his rage, she took charge of the situation to lure Logan away from civilians and attempt to subdue him with the other ❖-Corps on duty. It worked at a cost. -The best way to protect those he cares about is at a distance, though that doesn’t mean he’s not going through an extreme heartache with likely losing Ororo. -Maybe she shouldn’t have told Logan that if he’s going to use his claws on anyone to them on her. Bad oversight. /HJHJ -I didn’t want her to just be Logan’s love interest in this, she’s a hero too ya know! She was doing her damn best to save whoever she could in the onslaught and even put her own life on the line. -Logan has nightmares about killing the rest of the team, and hates that they don’t put up much of a fight to stop him. -As you can imagine, he’s not too happy to be stuck with some teenager off the side of the road. Worse is that Logan knows exactly who she is as a political figure, and how dangerous he is. The initial thought was to find her somewhere safe and tell her to scram, but outside intervention damns him. -So funny thing, turns out he and Allen have a lot more in common with their struggles than they thought; Runaways who’ve done awful things they can’t take back, while struggling to understand their true nature.

Uh yeah well that ended up being a lot lolol Feel free to leave suggestions, I’d love some outside feedback!!

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"THREE LADS TRAPPED IN CAVE-IN-ONE DIES," Toronto Star. June 26, 1934. Page 3. ---- When the cave which they had constructed in the sandy earth in the avine on Beechview Ave., just east of Woodbine Ave., collapsed last night, three boys were trapped underground. Rescue crews from the fire department and the Consumers' Gas Co., along with three physicians, worked on Donald Stevenson for over four hours, but were unable to bring back any spark of life. The two other boys seemed none the worse for their experience. In the pictures are shown the three boys, Charles McBride (1), Donald Stevenson, the dead youth (2), and Billy Gibbons (3). The mouth of the cave is shown in (4)

[ourmindonmusicpodcast]

GODDO returns with 50TH Anniversary show & ‘Best of’ release

Canada’s GODDO will return for a 50th anniversary show October 31, in Oshawa, Ontario. The band lead by singer/bassist/ songwriter Greg Godovitz, …GODDO returns with 50TH Anniversary show & ‘Best of’ release

[thehopefuljournalist]

In the previous post I introduced Greenpeace. These are some wins from June posted on their website.

- Hyundai Construction Equipment commits to help stopping illegal mining in the Amazon

Greenpeace East Asia released the Stop the Excavators report in April of this year, calling to heavy machinery manufacturers to take measures that prevent their equipment being used illegally, in ways that cause violations of human rights.

This exposé revealed that Hyundai Construction Equipment is apparently the favoured brand used in illegal mining in Indigenous Lands in the Amazon.

Hyundai has now announced a series of measures to protect the forest, and will act to prevent this in the future.

- ReconAfrica suspends oil drilling in Okavango Delta

The Canadian oil company ReconAfrica has stopped drilling in Namibia’s Okavango Delta, after it was faced with lawsuits and environmental concerns. For now, the drillings have only been suspended, but this is a step in the right direction, proving that people power can work wonders.

In 2019, ReconAfrica announced fracking in some of Africa's most sensitive (both in terms of water supplies and as livelihoods for the communities in the area) environmental areas. Namibian youth climate activists, indigenous, environmental and human rights groups have been working since then to prevent this from happening.

- ASEAN steps up commitment to end forced labour and human trafficking practices of migrant fishers

In May 2023, ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) leaders officially adopted the first ASEAN Declaration on Migrant Fishers Protection in history. This declaration follows many years of active campaigning by human rights advocates and civil society organizations. The campaign aims to push stronger policies to protect Southeast Asian migrants working in fisheries and their rights.

This declaration emphasised that protecting and fulfilling the rights of migrant fishers is an entire migration cycle (recruitment, placement, and repatriation), and so is a shared responsibility among the ASEAN states.

- Local fishers and civil society join forces to reforest mangroves in Senegal

The local community in the traditional fishing town Joal in Senegal started reforesting mangroves in a show of what direct action is really about.

Joal is located near mangrove forests, that are essential breeding grounds for many fish species, and are vital therefore for the fishing communities in those areas. They also store more carbon than tropical forests, and are capable of curbing climate impacts such as floods.

- Dutch creative agencies choose to no longer work with fossil fuel companies

23+ creative agencies in The Netherlands put together a Fossil No Deal, stating that they will stop working with fossil companies and no longer encourage fossil passenger transport. They call it verdrag verantwoord verleiden, a treaty for responsible seduction.

- Thailand applies new PM2.5 ambient standard

In the beginning of June, the new PM2.5 ambient standard was officially applied in Thailand. 

The new standard is now 15 μg/m3 for the annual standard and 37.5 μg/m3 for 24-hour standard, which is in keeping with the revised WHO air quality guidelines. This is a big step in the right direction to help reduce PM2.5 and solve air pollution in the country.

Greenpeace Thailand is still not at rest, though, and are continuing to fight to get the PM2.5 at its source, that is from the industries.

- In New Zealand, FSC abandons plans for ‘GE learning’ process

Greenpeace Aotearoa and other environmental organizations have been pressuring the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification scheme to abandon its plans for a ‘Genetic Engineering (GE) learning’ process.

The long-standing principle of not certifying GE trees came under threat  after pressure from FSC certified plantation  company Suzano from Brazil that has a subsidiary doing GE eucalyptus tree research trials (for glyphosate resistance). 

- Citizens say yes to net zero emissions in Switzerland

 Swiss citizens have voted in favour of a new law to reach net zero emissions by 2050. The new climate law, which was initiated seven years ago, passed a referendum with about 59% of the voters.

Net zero is now enshrined in the “federal law on climate protection, innovation and strengthening energy security“.

Let me know if there's anything else you'd like to see, news from your own countries, or if you'd like to add anything or share.

I'm also here to listen, my DMs and Asks are always open :)

Love you all, and see you next time, be safe!

[fatehbaz]

There are three reasons why an international audience should care about the otherwise insignificant Canadian city of Thunder Bay, a community of 120,000 souls 100km North of the American border right in the middle of the world’s second most spacious nation-state.

The first is that, as Canada’s murder and hate-crime capital, with the vast majority of these terrors directed at Indigenous people, roughly 13-20 percent of the population, its example has a lot to teach us about the dire failure of the Canadian model of liberal capitalism, corporate multiculturalism, and half-hearted “reconciliation.”

Second, as a troubled (post-)extractive and logistics-based economy in a “first-world” country — a country that exports and finances extractive industries around the world — its patterns of racist violence reveal something profound about capitalism today.

Finally, Thunder Bay’s problems demand, and are generating, the kind of radical, grassroots solutions that point towards the kind of transformations all communities need to embrace in the years to come to overcome the dangerous intertwined orders of contemporary colonialism and capitalism [...].

---

The isolation, the economic marginality, and the history of extraction and racial resentments all contribute to, but cannot completely explain, the staggering degree of racism in the city. [...] Like many police forces in Canada, officers in the Thunder Bay Police Service (TBPS) have been known to drive Indigenous people out to the outskirts of town, take their shoes and coats, and leave them to walk back or freeze to death. Unlike most police forces in Canada, the TBPS has recently been found to be plagued with profound “systemic racism” by two independent and high-profile reports. [...] The real reason for the investigations was the deaths of seven Indigenous youth, most from remote Northern communities, most in the city to access high school education or medical services denied to them in their communities. [...]

---

As scholars Damien Lee and Jana-Rae Yerxa note, many precedents stand behind these fears. Indigenous people end up dead in Thunder Bay at staggering rates. [...] Just before the most recent police reports were issued, the mayor (a former Police Association president), the police chief (a fool) and the city’s most successful lawyer (a convicted child molestor) were all implicated in a scandal involving a blend of sexual abuse, extortion, and breach of trust. [...]

Meanwhile, just as I moved to the city in early 2017, an Indigenous woman was fatally injured in the street when one of a gang of white teenagers out joyriding threw a heavy metal trailer hitch at her from their speeding car. It took her several agonizing months to die from her internal injuries. [...]

---

The rank, racist and reactionary hypocrisy so common in Canada and in Thunder Bay is, unfortunately, often mistaken for merely a cultural anachronism, which can be solved through better public education, greater cultural sensitivity and more opportunities to celebrate diversity. This has, for instance, been the approach to the problems of racist policing in the city: another “cultural competency” workshop [...].

In spite of a great deal of rhetoric about “nation-to-nation” negotiations by the Trudeau government, it is profoundly clear, as Mi’Kmaq lawyer and professor Pam Palmater warns, that the State does not and cannot accept the idea that Indigenous people would be allowed to say “no” to, for instance, mines, forestry, corporate fishing or pipelines [...].

---

To this day Canada is a key player in a global capitalist imperium that specializes in extractive industries and extractive forms of debt.

The Mining Association of Canada reports that “the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and TSX Venture Exchange accounted for 57 percent of the global mining equity raised in 2016.” As Alain Deneault and William Sacher have noted, Canada has historically structured its laws and commercial norms to empower the theft of indigenous lands to be violently transformed into “resources” for export, a specialization that is now itself exported around the world as Canadian-owned or -funded corporations are called upon to “develop” mines and extractive projects globally.

Every Canadian with savings is necessarily complicit: almost all pension funds, banks and other investment vehicles here are wrapped up in the TSX and therefore the extractive industry. Meanwhile, as Peter Hudson illustrates, Canada also has a long legacy of renovating national, municipal and personal debt into a tool of neocolonialism, notably in the Caribbean where Canadian banks have enjoyed profound influence, even monopolies. [...]

The ruling class and international capital, working hand in glove, have consistently used divide-and-conquer techniques to sew the seeds of racism that undermine solidarity. Thunder Bay is only a particularly poignant example, a place so small and marginalized that it cannot sustain the veneer of polite, civil, cheerful liberalism that is the country’s brand.

---

Text by: Max Haiven. “The colonial secrets of Canada’s most racist city.” ROAR Magazine. 13 February 2019. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks added by me.]

[papaya2000s]

The History of Korean Male Groups – From Yeonhee Professional Singers’ Quartet to BTS -> Pt. 3/? (Rewrite)

In my previous post, I noted the absence of a clearly defined "first" male musical ensemble in Korea prior to liberation, with both the Yeonhee Professional Quartet and the 'Youth Member' frequently recognized as early contributors. These two groups exhibit notable similarities and play pivotal roles in the historical narrative of male musical ensembles in Korea.

The documentation for the Yeonhee Professional Quartet is considerably more comprehensive than that for the 'Youth Member' during the 1920s and 1930s, with surviving information favouring the former. Consequently, the Yeonhee Professional Quartet is often acknowledged as the first male ensemble in Korea to operate under an official name, predating the 'Youth Member' group.

The Yeonhui Professional Quartet is distinguished as the inaugural male group in Korea to possess an official team name, consisting of students from Yonhui College, which is the predecessor of Yonsei University.

Before delving into the specifics of the Yeonhui Professional Quartet, I will provide background information on the College itself.

*Note - Yeonhee College has undergone various name changes and spellings, including Yonhui, Yeonhui, Yonhee, and Yonsei, with Yonsei being its current name.

Yonsei University (연세대학교)

In my earlier post, I provided a brief overview of the incorporation of Western cultural aspects, including architecture and music, into Asia, specifically analyzing their assimilation within the frameworks of China, Japan, and Korea. I will now shift my attention to the historical context and background of Yonsei University (연세대학교), if you want to know more about the whole history of Yonsei University I added the link to the wiki.

Yonhui College and what it looked like in 1918 which is still used today.

Background

Yonsei University (연세대학교; 延世大學校), a distinguished private institution located in Seoul, South Korea, is deeply rooted in Christian principles. Established in January 1957 through the amalgamation of Yonhi College (연희전문학교; 延禧專門學校) and Severance Union Medical College (세브란스 의과대학; 세브란스 醫科大學), its origins trace back to the 1920s.

Yonhui College, founded in 1915 as Chosun Christian College (조선기독교대학; 朝鮮基督教大學),was among the earliest modern educational establishments in Korea, while Severance Union Medical College evolved from Gwanghyewon (광혜원; 廣惠院), the nation's first modern medical institution, established in 1885. The university's name, "Yonsei," reflects its heritage, combining elements from both founding colleges.

Photo 1 - Underwood Hall of Yonsei College seen from below (1939). Photo 2 - Underwood Hall, which houses administrative offices (2017).

Yonhui College, which succeeded Gyeongsin School, played a pivotal role in the formation of Yonsei University alongside Severance Hospital. Initially established as Joseon Christian School on March 5, 1915, it was reconstituted as Yonhui College, a private institution, on April 7, 1917.

During the latter part of the Japanese colonial era, in April 1944, the institution was seized under the guise of enemy property, leading to the expulsion of Korean administrators and faculty by the Japanese Government-General of Korea, and it was subsequently renamed Gyeongseong Industrial Management College.

Following Korea's liberation on August 15, 1945, the institution was elevated to university status and officially renamed Yonsei University.

History:

Beginnings (1885–1916)

Yonsei University Medical School has its roots in the establishment of Gwanghyewon on April 10, 1885, recognized as Korea's first modern hospital to implement Western medical practices.

Founded by American Protestant missionary Horace Newton Allen, the institution was renamed Chejungwon (제중원; 濟衆院), meaning "House of Universal Helpfulness," on April 26. In response to various challenges, Canadian Oliver R. Avison took over management on July 16, 1893. Initially supported by the Korean government, the hospital faced financial difficulties during the First Sino-Japanese War and the Gabo reforms (갑오개혁) in 1894, resulting in its complete oversight by the church.

The Yonsei College flag flutters in the wind in 1939.

In 1899, Avison attended a missionary conference in New York City, where he highlighted medical efforts in Korea, attracting the interest of philanthropist Louis Severance, who made substantial contributions to new facility construction, leading to the hospital's renaming as Severance Hospital.

Although primarily a hospital, Chejungwon (later Severance Hospital) also focused on medical education, enrolling its first class of 16 medical students in 1886, a year after its inception. By 1899, it achieved independent status as a medical school, and in 1912, increased collaboration among various missionary groups resulted in its rebranding as Severance Union Medical College in 1913.

The broader history of Yonsei University begins with the founding of Chosun Christian College on March 5, 1915, by American Protestant missionary Horace Grant Underwood, who was sent by the church. Underwood served as the first president, with Avison as vice president, and the college was initially located at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association), commencing courses in April with 60 students and 18 faculty members.

During WW I & II

On August 22, 1910, Japan annexed Korea via the Japan–Korea Treaty. In 1911, Governor-General Terauchi Masatake enacted the Ordinance on Chosun Education (조선교육령; 朝鮮敎育令), followed by regulations in 1915 that aimed to suppress private education, requiring all schools to obtain approval from the governor-general and conduct instruction in Japanese.

Chejungwon (Gwanghyewon) inside Yonsei University campus, restored to its current form in the 1980s (2009).

Severance Union College struggled to meet these regulations, leading to changes in policies, curriculum, faculty expansion, and clarification of its governance. It gained recognition as a professional medical school on May 14, 1917. In 1922, Governor-General Makoto Saito's Revised Ordinance on Chosun Education (개정조선교육령) imposed stricter faculty qualifications, prompting Severance to hire more faculty with degrees from accredited institutions. By 1923, Severance regained the authority to confer medical licenses to graduates without a state exam, a privilege lost since 1912. In March 1934, the Japanese Ministry of Education validated Severance by allowing its graduates to practice medicine across Japanese territories.

In 1934, Oh Geung Seon (오긍선; 吳兢善) became Severance's first Korean president, marking a significant milestone in the institution's history.

Ordinance in front of Underwood Hall (1939)

The 1915 and 1922 ordinances greatly impacted Chosun Christian College, which aspired to be recognized as a college but was classified as a "professional school" due to the 1915 Ordinance prohibiting Korean private colleges. It later became Yonhui College, evolving into a university with six departments, while facing curriculum restrictions that banned courses in Korean history, geography, and the Bible outside theology. The missionary council criticized Japan's strict regulations compared to its private schools.

After the March First Independence Movement in 1919, Japan's control over Korea eased, as shown by the 1922 Ordinance, which lifted strict oversight of educational content and allowed Yonhui to include Christian programs and the Bible in its curriculum, while still requiring Japanese literature. Korean history was rebranded as Eastern History, and the Korean language was incorporated when possible.

Post-1922, Yonhui discontinued its Department of Agriculture after its first cohort graduated, and efforts to reinstate it were largely unsuccessful, though a training centre for agricultural education was established.

Yonhee College campus (1939).

Yonhui had an open policy for admitting non-Christians, allowing Christian students to influence them. However, in the late 1930s, Japan intensified its assimilation efforts in Korea under Governor-General Jirō Minami, implementing policies like Sōshi-kaimei and enforcing Shinto practices while recruiting Koreans for the military.

The 1938 Ordinance on Chosun Education mandated Shinto adoption, reduced Korean language instruction, and emphasized Japanese studies. Yonhui resisted by introducing Korean language courses in late 1938, but by March 1940, it was forced to adopt Japanese studies.

English classes were restricted due to deteriorating U.S.-Japan relations, leading to a ban on English coursework. In 1938, President H.H. Underwood accepted Shinto practices to keep Yonhui open, while pressure from governors-general resulted in the loss of U.S. financial support, worsening the institution's financial situation.

Photo 1 - Lee Han Yeol Memorial The June Democratic Struggle began on June 9, with student organizations mobilizing for protests on June 10. Lee Han-yeol, a Yonsei University student, was critically injured by a tear gas grenade and became a symbol of the protests. He died on July 5, shortly after the government met public demands. His national funeral on July 9 drew over 1.6 million mourners, and he was buried at the May 18th National Cemetery. 1987: When the Day Comes (2017) Korean movie based on the true story, and focuses on the events that led up to the June Democratic Uprising in Korea caused by his death.

At first, sang Hymns, School songs, and Cheer songs

This is where it might become a bit confusing for some as it mentions other songs and Album Numbers that might not make sense to how its apart of the History Korean Male Groups, but it does is some way.

The official debut song of the Yeonhee College Choir was the Yeonhee College cheer song and school song recorded on the Columbia SP Album (Album number 40358) in September 1932. In other words, they were not a male vocal team singing popular songs from the beginning. So, at first, the team’s name was written on the album as Yonhee College's quartet.

Those who sang hymns and school songs on campus released ‘Watermill’ and ‘Farmer's Song’ in September 1932, following ‘Idiot Tour of Seoul’, an adaptation of a song by foreign composer Smith, and ‘Let's Play’, a black folk song (Columbia Records, Album Number 40359). The folk song SP (Colombia Records, Album Number 40361) containing, was released under the same team’s name. So, there is more than one Yeonhee Quartet.

Yeonhee Professional Orchestra (연희전문사중창단)

Yeonhee Professional Quartet, Vocal Quartet, Ensemble or Orchestra seem to be the same but might actually be different groups, which threw me off a bit, especially with all the photos of the groups that the University had. It’s confusing since there might have been several groups with the same name at the University, and I’m not sure which male group was the first to “debut”. So, I’ll just compile all the photos and related info together. Overall Yeonhee University might have been the first to debut a Korean male group.

An orchestra/ Quartet/ Ensemble composed of students attending Yonsei University during the Japanese Colonial Period. 

The 1960s marked a notable increase in the popularity of male quartets in Korea, with groups such as the Bluebells, Mellotone Quartet, Johnny Brothers, Bongbongsa Quartet, and Arirang Brothers emerging as prominent figures in the music scene. The Bluebells, often referred to as 'Korea's first male vocal group', played a pioneering role in this genre. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that the Yeonhee Professional Quartet, originating from Yeonhee College, had already made significant contributions to the musical landscape during the Japanese colonial era, thus laying the groundwork for future male vocal harmony ensembles in Korea.

Photo 1 - Yeonhee Professional Quartet (연희전문사중창단) (1932) Names of the people in the photo: English – Lee In-beom, Choi Seong-du, Hwang Jae-gyeong, Shin Yeong-gyun (Piano Hyun Je-myeong) Korean - 이인범, 최성두, 황재경, 신영균(피아노현재명)

Established in 1929, the Yonhui College Orchestra/Quartet conducted biannual concerts for approximately a decade, beginning in 1930, under the leadership of Hyun Je-myeong (현제명). This initiative not only showcased the talents of the ensemble but also contributed to the cultural fabric of the time, reflecting the evolving musical tastes amidst the backdrop of colonial rule. The Yeonhee Professional Quartet, recognized as the first male vocal ensemble in Korea, transitioned from performing hymns and school songs to embracing popular music, thereby broadening their appeal and influence.

Photo 2 - Yeonhui College Orchestra (연희전문사중창단) and its leader, Hyun Je-myeong (현제명) (second from the right)Date of photo taken and student’s names are unknown.

The Yeonhee Professional Quartet, comprised of tenor Lee In-beom, Choi Seong-du, bass Hwang Jae-kyung, second bass Shin Young-gyun, and pianist Hyun Je-myeong (현제명), made their debut in September 1932 with the release of Yeonhee College's "Cheering Song" (응원가) and "School Song" (교가). They subsequently produced a variety of folk songs and original compositions, including "I Am Silhyeo" or “I'm lost” (나는 실혀) and "Hahaha," (하.하.하) and gained exposure through performances on Gyeongseong Broadcasting Station (JODK) (경성방송국).

Photo 3 - Yeonhui Professional Orchestra (연희전문사중창단) (1933) Date of photo taken and student’s names are unknown.

This ‘group’ could be considered at the first Korean or Foreign-Korean co-ed group/ Orchestra, as you can see two females and two or three foreign people in the front row (I don’t think the people in the photo could be considered a “group” as it could be classed as an Orchestra, as mentioned under the photo) from Yeonhee University, but there is no information confirming that (this is my opinion).

Adding to the people that are in the picture it looks like that there are a few foreign men in the front row next to the two females on the right (shown in photo 1 above), I zoomed into the photo and you can see two or three foreigners in the photo (shown in photo 2 above), this would make sense as the University was founded by Horace Newton Allen, an American Protestant missionary and was appointed to Korea by the Presbyterian Church in the USA.

The activities of this orchestra facilitated the emergence of musicians such as Kim Seong-tae (김성태), Lee In-beom (이인범), Kim Saeng-ryeo (김생려), and Lim Dong-hyeok (임동혁).

On October 10, 1933, the Joseon Musicians Association hosted a music recital for Hyun Je-myeong and Hong Nan-pa at Ewha Haktang in Jeongdong, during which the Yonhui College Choir performed "Boat Song," composed by Hyun Je-myeong with lyrics by Lee Eun-sang (이은상), alongside "Watermill" and "Jeolumbari," both also written by Lee Eun-sang and composed by Hyun Je-myeong.

Lee Eun Sang (이은상) (Pen Name - Nosan) (1903 – 1982) was a Sijo Writer, historian and a poet and after liberation, he wrote ‘Nosan Sijo Anthology’ and ‘The Meaning of the Blue Sky’.

The lower grades of Ewha Hakdang, in the 1910s. Ewha Haktang (이화학당; 梨花學堂) in Jeongdong now Ewha Woman’s University, was founded/ established in 1886 by Mary F. Scranton a female American missionary.

“I'm lost” (나는 실혀) and "Hahaha," (하.하.하)

In April 1933, the Yeonhee Professional Quartet (연희전문사중창단) produced a sound recording for Columbia Records that included "Hahaha" (하.하.하), an adaptation of a work by the foreign composer Crown, as well as "I am Silheo" or "I’m Lost" (나는 실혀), composed by Sherborne (셜본이). Interestingly, the album attributes the arrangement to Ji Gong-bo, who is believed to be a foreign arranger who is specified on the album, a practice that is quite rare.

I couldn’t find anything on composers Crown and or Sherborne only that it’s a school in the UK, and couldn’t find anything on Ji Gong-bo as well?

‘I am lost’ (나는실혀)/ ‘Ha.Ha.Ha’ (하.하.하) – Vinyl Record Front.

This phonograph album marks the debut of the Yeonhui Professional Quartet, recognized as Korea's first male vocal ensemble, as they earnestly began performing popular songs across various genres. The album signifies their transition from academic life to a professional career as a vocal group. Notably, a photograph exists of the quartet alongside Professor Hyun Je-myeong (Photo 1 shown below), who accompanied them on piano during a broadcast on Gyeongseong Broadcasting Radio (JODK) (경성방송국) shortly after the album's release (as already mentioned above).

Following their initial release, the quartet produced several notable recordings, including "Yuwangmin's Song" (유랑민의 노래) and "Joseon's Song" (조선의 노래) in August 1933 (album number 40450), as well as "Mungteongguri Jangga-ga" (멍텅구리 장가가요) and "Goodbye" (굿빠이) in September 1934 (Colombia Records, album number 40536). In January 1935, they continued their output with "My Wife Sleeping" (낫잠자는 마누라) and "Sapsaegae" (삽살개). During this period, the ensemble was still referred to as the Yeonhui Professional Quartet.

In April 1935, the group rebranded as the ‘Yeonjeon Quartet’, and by December 1936, they released "Jeolleumbali" (절늠발이) composed by Hyun Je-myeong, which represents their final known album release. The phonograph records produced by the quartet are now regarded as rare artifacts, making them difficult to encounter in contemporary collections.

Included Songs:

The two song that were on the vinyl that were sung by the Yeonhee Professional Quartet.

Yeonhee Professional Quartet Members:

The only photo that has names attached to them is Photo 1: Lee In Beom (이인범), Choi Seong Du (최성두), Hwang Jae-gyeong (황재경), Shin Yeong-gyun (신영균) (Piano Hyun Je-myeong) (피아노현재명). I will briefly talk about him and the other members here but will go into detail about them separately in future posts.

Hyeon Je Myeong (현제명; 玄濟明)

Hyun Je Myeong (December 8 , 1902 – October 16, 1960) (His pen name is Hyeonseok and Japanese name is Kuroyama Saimei) was a pianist , violinist , tenor singer , song lyricist , song composer , and arranger during the Japanese colonial period in South Korea. He was included in the list of 708 pro-Japanese collaborators announced in 2002, the list of people scheduled to be included in the Dictionary of Pro-Japanese Collaborators by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities published in 2008, and the list of 704 pro-Japanese collaborators announced by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators in 2009. In the second half of 2008 (No. 43) of the academic journal 'Korean History Citizen Lecture', a special feature commemorating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Korea, titled 'People who founded the Republic of Korea', he was selected as one of the 32 people who laid the foundation for the founding of the country in the culture, religion, and media sectors.

Lee In Beom (이인범; 李仁範)

Lee In Beom (1914 – 1978) was a musician and was a director of the Korean Opera Company, Professor of Yonsei University College of Music. Was a member of the Yonhui Professional Quartet, he toured the country twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall. He participated in the Gyeongseong Welfare Chamber Orchestra, a pro- Japanese music group that toured the country at the end of the Japanese colonial period to play music of the times and encourage support for the war. As a result, he was selected in the music category of the list of people to be included in the Dictionary of Pro-Japanese Figures published by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities in 2008.

Choi Seong Du (최성두; 崔聖斗)

No photos of just him like Lee In Beom, Hyun Je Myeong other than being in this group photo exist that I could find, I could only find information on him.

Choi Seong-du was a clarinet and piano player. Born in Seoncheon, North Pyongan Province.  Graduated from Sungjeon College and Yonhee College. He worked with Lee In-beom (이인범), Jang Myeong-ho (장명호), and Cha Hyeong-gi (차형기) under the guidance of Hyun Je-myeong (현제명).

Hwang Jae Gyeong (황재경; 黃材景)

No photos of just him like Lee In Beom, Hyun Je Myeong other than being in this group photo exist that I could find, I could only find information on him. I hope this information is for the write Hwang Jae-gyeong as his name when searching came up with more than one person with the same name.

Hwang Jae-gyeong was a flutists and arranger (popular singer) and was a member of the Yonjeon Music Club during the Japanese colonial period. He performed at a concert hosted by the Christian Youth Association on November 27, 1926, and worked with Cha Hyeong-gi , Choi Seong-du , and Han In-hwan under the guidance of Hyun Je-myeong

Shin Yeong Gyun (신영균)

Couldn’t find any information or photos of just him like Lee In Beom, Hyun Je Myeong other than being in this group photo.

I’m not shore which person in this photo is Shin Yeong-gyun, Choi Seong-du or Hwang Jae-gyeong

I didn’t realise this until I read a few of their wiki pages that some of them were on the list of 708 pro-Japanese collaborators during the Japanese Occupation, I thought that one of the reasons that he was mentioned so much and that he a lot of information was because he was very famous composer and that he worked at the Yonsei University, they are probably one of the reasons why? I feel like (in my opinion) that Yeonhui Professional Orchestra/ Quartet (연희전문사중창단), might not be popular or be mentioned today as the “first” male group is because Hyun Je-myeong, Lee In Beom were pro-Japanese, and that 3 out of 5 of the members having information both in a good or bad way.