#xylene glycol

[jedyfwf]

Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) Market Report: Trends, Analysis, and Projections

Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) is a key chemical in the production of polyester fibers, resins, and films, essential in various industries including textiles, packaging, and automotive. This blog explores the dynamics of the global PTA market, analyzing key drivers, applications, emerging trends, and future growth prospects.

Understanding the PTA Market:

PTA is a white crystalline powder derived mainly from para-xylene through oxidation. It serves as a primary raw material in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a versatile polymer used in fibers for textiles, plastic bottles for packaging, films, and engineering resins.

Market Dynamics:

PET Production: The dominant application of PTA lies in PET production, where it reacts with ethylene glycol to form PET resin. PET finds extensive use in beverage bottles, food packaging, textiles, and automotive parts due to its lightweight, recyclability, and durability.

Textile Industry: PTA is crucial in the textile industry for manufacturing polyester fibers used in clothing, home textiles, carpets, and industrial fabrics, offering qualities such as wrinkle resistance, strength, and colorfastness.

Packaging Sector: PET derived from PTA is widely used in packaging applications such as bottles, containers, films, and thermoformed products due to its transparency, barrier properties, and recyclability, catering to food, beverage, and personal care markets.

Engineering Plastics: PTA-based PET resins are utilized in engineering plastics for automotive components, electronic devices, and industrial applications due to their mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and ease of processing.

Applications Across Industries:

Textiles: Polyester fibers, fabrics, carpets.

Packaging: PET bottles, films, containers.

Automotive: Engineering plastics, components.

Consumer Goods: PET-based products, household items.

Market Trends:

Growing PET Demand: Increasing consumption of PET-based packaging, fibers, and engineering plastics in food, beverage, and automotive sectors drives demand for PTA globally.

Sustainable Solutions: Industry focus on recycled PTA (rPTA) and bio-based PTA production methods align with sustainability goals, circular economy principles, and consumer preferences for eco-friendly products.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in PTA production processes, catalyst technologies, and purification methods enhance efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality in the market.

Future Prospects:

The global PTA market is poised for continued growth, driven by expanding applications in key industries, sustainable initiatives, and technological advancements. Investments in recycling infrastructure, bio-based feedstocks, and value-added PET products will shape the market's evolution and competitiveness.

Conclusion:

PTA plays a pivotal role in the polyester value chain, catering to diverse industries such as textiles, packaging, automotive, and consumer goods. Understanding market dynamics, sustainability trends, and technological innovations is crucial for stakeholders in the PTA market to capitalize on growth opportunities and meet evolving industry demands effectively. With a focus on sustainability, innovation, and market expansion, the PTA market presents promising prospects for continued growth and development in the global chemical industry landscape.

[repulsedrook]

A marker pen, fine liner, marking pen, felt-tip pen, felt pen, flow marker, sign pen (in South Korea), vivid (in New Zealand), flomaster (in Russia), texta (in Australia), sketch pen (in South Asia), koki (in South Africa) or simply marker is a pen which has its own ink source and a tip made of porous, pressed fibers such as felt. A marker pen consists of a container (glass, aluminum or plastic) and a core of an absorbent material that holds the ink. The upper part of the marker contains the nib that was made in earlier times of a hard felt material, and a cap to prevent the marker from drying out.

Until the early 1990s, the most common solvents that were used for the ink in permanent markers were toluene and xylene. These two substances are both harmful and characterized by a very strong smell. Today, the ink is usually made on the basis of alcohols (e.g. 1-Propanol, 1-butanol, diacetone alcohol and cresols).

Markers may be waterproof, dry-erase, wet-erase (e.g. transparency markers), or permanent.

History Lee Newman patented a felt-tipped marking pen in 1910. In 1926, Benjamin Paskach patented a "fountain paintbrush", as he called it, which consisted of a sponge-tipped handle containing various paint colors. Markers of this sort began to be popularized with the sale of Sidney Rosenthal's Magic Marker (1953), which consisted of a glass tube of ink with a felt wick. By 1958, use of felt-tipped markers was commonplace for a variety of applications such as lettering, labeling, and creating posters. The year 1962 brought the development of the modern fiber-tipped pen (in contrast to the marker, which generally has a thicker point) by Yukio Horie of the Tokyo Stationery Company (which later became Pentel). In 1993 the Copic Sketch markers were released, popularising markers for professional illustration.

Parts The marker reservoir, which holds the ink, is formed from polyester. The "felt" used for the tip is usually made of highly compressed synthetic fibers or porous ceramics. Toluol and xylol were used as solvents for the dye and are still used for the indelible ink in permanent markers. Due to their toxicity, they have often been replaced with less critical substances such as alkyl or cyclic alkylene carbonates (like propylene carbonate) in other types of markers. Water content of the ink can be up to 10%. Besides solvents and the dye itself, the ink may contain additives (e.g. nonylphenylpolyglycol ether, alkylpoly-glycol ether, fatty acid polyglycol ester, or fatty alcohol ethoxalates) and preservatives (e.g. 2-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt, 6-acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane).

Thanks anon, I can't tell if this was meant as a joke, but joke's on you i read Wikipedia pages for fun

[yqxpolymer]

Molecular Structure and Variety Classification of Epoxy Adhesives

Epoxy resin is a polymer compound containing two or more epoxy groups in the molecule and with a low relative molecular mass. There are many varieties and brands of epoxy resin, but bisphenol A glycidyl ether epoxy resin, commonly known as bisphenol A epoxy resin, is the most important category, accounting for 90% of the total epoxy resin production.

Bisphenol A type epoxy resin is also called general-purpose epoxy resin and standard epoxy resin. It is named E-type epoxy resin in China. It is formed by the condensation polymerization of bisphenol (BPA or DPP) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Depending on the ratio of raw materials, reaction conditions and methods used, viscous liquids with low molecular weight and solids with high molecular weight and high softening point with different degrees of polymerization can be produced. The average relative molecular mass is 300~7000. The appearance is almost colorless or light yellow transparent viscous liquid or flaky brittle solid. Epoxy resin itself is a thermoplastic linear polymer. When heated, the viscosity of the liquid resin becomes lower and the solid resin softens or melts. Soluble in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, absolute ethanol, ethylene glycol and other organic solvents.

The chemical name of hydrogenated bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, which is obtained by the polycondensation of hexahydrobisphenol A obtained by hydrogenating bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide. It is an epoxy resin with very low viscosity, long gel time and good weather resistance.

The chemical name of bisphenol F epoxy resin is bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, referred to as DGEBF or BPF. It is a colorless or light yellow transparent viscous liquid produced by reacting phenol and formaldehyde under an acidic catalyst to form bisphenol F, and then performing a polycondensation reaction with epichlorohydrin under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide.

The chemical name of bisphenol S epoxy resin is bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, abbreviated as BPS or KGEBS. It is produced from bisphenol S and epoxy propane under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide. Bisphenol S-type epoxy resin has high heat resistance, and its heat distortion temperature is 60 to 700C higher than bisphenol A epoxy resin. The cured product is stable and has good solvent resistance.

Bisphenol P epoxy resin is produced by synthesizing bisphenol P using 3-chloropropene and phenol as the main raw materials, and then condensing it with epichlorohydrin under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide. Bisphenol P epoxy resin has large molecular chain flexibility, good fluidity at low temperatures, lower viscosity than bisphenol A epoxy resin, and higher compressive strength and impact strength than bisphenol A epoxy resin.

Phenolic epoxy resins mainly include phenol novolac ester epoxy resin and o-cresol novolac epoxy resin, as well as resorcinol-type phenolic epoxy resin. In addition, tetraphenol ethane epoxy resin also belongs to phenolic epoxy resin. Phenol novolac epoxy resin (EPN) is a novolac resin obtained by the polycondensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde in an acidic medium, and then polycondensed with excess epichlorohydrin in the presence of sodium hydroxide. It is a brownish-yellow viscous liquid or semi-solid.

O-cresol novolac epoxy resin is a linear o-cresol novolac epoxy resin obtained by the condensation of o-cresol and formaldehyde, and then reacted with epichlorohydrin in the presence of sodium hydroxide. A yellow to amber solid obtained after multi-step treatment.

The chemical name of epoxy resorcinol formaldehyde resin is resorcinol formaldehyde tetraglycidyl ether. It is a four-functional phenolic resin produced by reacting resorcin and formaldehyde with oxalic acid as a catalyst. It is an orange-yellow viscous liquid obtained by condensation with epichlorohydrin in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

The chemical name of tetraphenol ethane epoxy resin is tetraphenol ethane glycidyl ether (PGEE). It is produced by the reaction of phenol and glyoxal in the presence of an acidic catalyst, and then reacts with epichlorohydrin under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide.

Naphthol novolac epoxy resin (EEPN) is produced by condensation polymerization of a-naphthol and formaldehyde solution to synthesize linear phenolic resin, which is then reacted with epichlorohydrin under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide.

Due to the introduction of fluorine atoms, fluorinated epoxy resin has a dense molecular structure, and carbon and fluorine atoms are closely arranged around the resin main chain. Therefore, the surface tension, friction coefficient and refractive index are very low, and it has excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, pollution resistance and durability. However, the price is too high and cannot be used for general purposes.

With the continuous development of high-tech and technology. In recent years, the modification of epoxy resin has continued to deepen, and methods such as interpenetrating networks, chemical copolymerization, and nanoparticle toughening have been widely used. There are also more and more varieties of high-performance adhesives formulated with epoxy resin.

There are many varieties of epoxy resin adhesives, and their classification methods and classification indicators have not yet been unified. Usually classified according to the following methods. Classification according to the form of adhesive: such as solvent-free adhesives, (organic) solvent-based adhesives, water-based adhesives (which can be divided into water-emulsion type and water-soluble type), paste adhesives, film-like adhesives (epoxy film), etc.

Classified by curing conditions: cold-curing glue (non-heating curing glue). It is further divided into low-temperature curing glue, with a curing temperature of less than 15°C; room temperature curing glue, with a curing temperature of 15 to 40°C.

Thermal curing glue can be divided into: medium temperature curing glue, the curing temperature is about 80~120°C; high temperature curing glue, the curing temperature is >150°C. Other methods of curing glue, such as light-curing glue, wet surface and water-curing glue, latent curing glue, etc.

Classification according to bonding strength: Structural adhesives have high shear and tensile strength, and should also have high uneven tear-off strength so that the bonded joints can withstand loads such as vibration, fatigue, and impact over a long period of time. At the same time, it should also have high heat resistance and weather resistance; the secondary stress structural adhesive can withstand medium loads, usually with a shear strength of 17-25Mpa and an uneven tear-off strength of 20-50kN/m. Non-structural adhesive, that is, general-purpose adhesive. Its room temperature strength is relatively high, but as the temperature increases, the bonding strength decreases rapidly. It can only be used on parts that are not subject to much force.

Classified by use: general adhesives, special adhesives. Such as high temperature resistant glue (use temperature ≥150°C), low temperature resistant glue (can withstand temperatures of -50°C or lower), strain glue (used for pasting strain gauges), conductive glue, sealant (used for vacuum seals and mechanical seals) , optical glue (colorless and transparent, resistant to light aging, refractive index matches optical parts), corrosion-resistant glue, structural glue, etc. It can also be classified according to the type of curing agent, such as amine cured epoxy glue, acid anhydride cured glue, etc. It can also be divided into two-component glue and one-component glue, pure epoxy glue and modified epoxy glue.

More information or free samples or price quotations, please contact us via email: sales@yqxpolymer.com , or voice to us at: +86-28-8411-1861.

[gargchemicalindustry]

As a premier Chemical Industries in Delhi, Garg Chemical Industries proudly delivers top-tier chemicals, particularly Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), catering to a wide spectrum of industrial requirements. Esteemed for our unwavering dedication to superior quality, we specialize in providing an array of essential chemicals including Isopropyl Alcohol, Mono Ethylene Glycols, Toluene, Thinners, Mix Xylene, and more.

[coyote-brainbabies]

drew a Xylene

[sramfact]

The global methanol market size is estimated to grow from USD 24.0 billion in 2020 to USD 26.6 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period. The market is projected to witness decent growth in the near future, owing to the wide application in various end-use industries of methanol ranging from automotive to the pharmaceutical industry. Increasing demand from APAC will further drive the growth of the global methanol market.   

Automotive is the largest market of methanol, with a 24.6% share, globally. Alcohol-based fuels have been used in automotive applications, for many years. Methanol can be used directly in internal combustion engines of vehicles and aircraft, showing similar efficiency to diesel engines. Earlier, methanol was used as an anti-freezing agent in a car’s cooling system, but then it has been replaced with more effective alternatives, such as propylene or ethylene glycol. However, it is still popular as a windshield water fuel. Methanol is a desirable choice as a transportation fuel due to its efficient combustion, ease of distribution, and wide availability worldwide. 

Methanol is used in the large-scale production of petrochemicals. The growth in petrochemical demand in APAC is driving the methanol market. The use of petrochemicals in end-use industries such as automotive and construction is the main driving force for the methanol market. In the petrochemical industry, organic chemicals with the largest production volume are methanol, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Ethylene, propylene, and butadiene, along with butylene, are collectively called olefins. Methanol is a forerunner to a variety of chemical products and is generally referred to as primary petrochemical.

Celanese Corporation (Texas), BASF SE (Germany), Methanex Corporation (Canada), SABIC (Saudi Arabia), PETRONAS (Malaysia), Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company (Japan), and Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (Japan) among others are the leading methanol manufacturers, globally. These companies adopted expansion, joint venture, and merger & acquisition as their key growth strategies between 2016 and 2020 to earn a competitive advantage in the methanol market. 

[stickypiratepirate]

ella+mila - First Class - .45oz

#art Nail polish bottle 13.3 ml - 0.45 fl oz 17-Free nail polish - made WITHOUT: Acetone, Animal-Derived Ingredients, Bisphenol-A, Camphor, Ethyl Tosylamide, Formaldehyde, Formaldehyde Resin, Gluten, Glycol Ether of Series E (Gycol ethers derived from ethylene oxide), Nonylphenol Ethoxylate, Parabens, Phthalates (including DBP), Styrene, Sulfate, Toluene, Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP/TPP), Xylene Vegan Animal cruelty-free Quick Dry Chip Resistant Made in the USA ella+mila polishes are certified by PETA

[lookchem]

7440-57-5 Gold nanoparticles generated by thermolysis of "all-in-one" gold(i) carboxylate complexes

https://www.lookchem.com/CASDataBase_7440-57-5.htm

Consecutive synthesis methodologies for the preparation of the gold(i) carboxylates [(Ph₃P)AuO₂CCH₂(OCH ₂CH₂)_nOCH₃] (n = 0-6) (6a-g) are reported, whereby selective mono-alkylation of diols HO(CH₂CH ₂O)_nH (n = 0-6), Williamson ether synthesis and metal carboxylate (Ag, Au) formation are the key steps. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 6a (n = 0) and 6b (n = 1) were carried out showing that the P-Au-O unit is essentially linear. These compounds were applied in the formation of gold nanoparticles (NP) by a thermally induced decomposition process and hence the addition of any further stabilizing and reducing reagents, respectively, is not required. The ethylene glycol functionalities, providing multiple donating capabilities, are able to stabilise the encapsulated gold colloids. The dependency of concentration, generation time and ethylene glycol chain lengths on the NP size and size distribution is discussed. Characterisation of the gold colloids was performed by TEM, UV/Vis spectroscopy and electron diffraction studies revealing that Au NP are formed with a size of 3.3 (±0.6) to 6.5 (±0.9) nm in p-xylene with a sharp size distribution. Additionally, a decomposition mechanism determined by TG-MS coupling experiments of the gold(i) precursors is reported showing that 1 ^st decarboxylation occurs followed by the cleavage of the Au-PPh ₃ bond and finally release of ethylene glycol fragments to give Au-NP and the appropriate organics. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.

[imspexblog]

VOCs in Your Home: Sources, Effects & How to Reduce Them?

Volatile Organic Compounds a.k.a VOCs are a group of chemicals, commonly found in many the construction materials and home maintenance products. These toxins are discharged into the indoor air we breathe once they reach our homes.

They may or may not be adorable, and odour is not a reliable signal of health risk. Examples of these chemicals include:

-          Benzene

-          Ethylene Glycol

-          Formaldehyde

-          Methylene Chloride

-          Tetrachloroethylene

-          Toluene

-          Xylene

-          Butadiene, etc.

VOCs in wastewater and air has proven to be highly dangerous for human health. But where do they originate? What impact do they have on us? What can we do to make their presence in our lives less noticeable? Here's a quick rundown to assist you to figure out the answers to some crucial VOC-related concerns.

Major Sources of VOCs

Building materials, home and personal care items, and several other everyday activities are major sources of VOCs. E.g.

• Paints, varnishes, caulks, adhesives, carpet, vinyl flooring, composite wood products, upholstery, foam, and other building materials are all substantial emitters of VOCs.

• Air fresheners, cleaning products, cosmetics, motor oil, gasoline, and other home and personal care goods emit large amounts of VOCs.

• Daily activities such as smoking, dry cleaning, photocopiers, cooking, and wood-burning are major VOC emitters.

VOC Exposure: Effects on Health

Inhaling any chemical might cause health problems depending on how much is in the air, how long and how often a person breathes it in.

Even long-term / continuous exposure to lower levels of VOCs may raise health concerns in people with lower immunity. Studies have shown that continuous exposure to VOC in air quality may generate problems in patients with asthma or someone sensitive to chemicals.

It's vital to realise that VOCs are a collection of compounds. Each chemical has its toxicity and can cause severe health issues.

Common symptoms of VOC exposure in case of Acute & short term exposures (E.g. hours to days):

· Irritation in eyes, nose & throat

· Constant headache

· Feeling nausea or vomiting

· Sense of dizziness

· Worsening of asthma symptoms

Common health affects of VOC exposure in case of Chronic exposures (E.g. For years to a lifetime):

· Developing Cancer in organs

· Organ Damage like liver & kidney

· Damage to the central nervous system

What is a safe VOC level?

It is best to restrict your exposure to VOC-containing goods and materials to protect your health. If you believe VOCs are causing health concerns, try lowering the amount in your house. In case you have symptoms, it’s better to see a doctor and rule out other reasons causing the problem.

Most researchers in analytical labs emphasised on specific substance research. The health effects of chemical mixtures are less well understood. There are no health-based criteria for group of VOCs. It’s because the toxicity of each molecule differs and hence has individual impacts.

Are some persons more vulnerable to VOC exposure than others?

Involvement of VOCs in air quality can cause irritation and disease in persons with respiratory disorders such as asthma, small children, the elderly, and those who have heightened chemical sensitivity.

How can I lower the amount of VOCs in my home?

Here are some important things to keep in mind to lowering the risk of VOCs presence in your home:

��� When it comes to paints, solvents, adhesives, and caulks, buy only what you need at the moment because unused household chemicals can may leak and release VOCs into your indoor air.

• Keep unneeded chemicals in a garage or shed where they won't be seen.

• Get rid of any unused chemicals you have in your home or garage.

• Look for floor models that have been allowed to off-gas in the store when buying new things, as well as low-VOC paints and furnishings.

• Increasing the amount of fresh air in your home can help to lower VOC levels indoors.

• High temperatures and humidity causes higher gaseous emissions from chemicals. So, it’s highly suggested to maintain a lower temperature and relative humidity inside your home to avoid VOCV release.

• When possible, execute home renovations when the house is empty or during seasons when you can open doors and windows for better ventilation.

To detect the presence of VOCs in Wastewater and air quality, Imspex has developed a device. It uses GC-IMS technology to detect and identify the quantum and quality of VOCs in air & water and tell you how safe it is. The device has greater industrial applications and will play a major role in improving the quality of air and water in and around our houses in the coming future.

[gargchemicalindustry]

As a leading Chemical Manufacturers in Delhi, Garg Chemical Industries stands tall, offering superior quality chemicals (IPA) to meet diverse industrial needs. Renowned for its commitment to excellence. We are providing several chemicals such as isopropyl alcohol, mono ethylene glycols, toluene, thinners, mix xylene etc.

[coyote-brainbabies]

getting back into playing starbound almost daily has resulted in me drawing a HELL of a lot of Cipher. even ended up doing that little week-long outfit meme, but I’ll be posting that separately

also, she and Xetout (and Xylene by extension) have babies now!! Kirhos baby is Dodger, Floran baby is Akua, and hybrid baby is Zeta!

Xetout belongs to @dark-xenon

[delicatemagazinedreamer]

Phenoxy Resins Market: A Deep Dive Analysis of Various Regions and Strategies During Forecast

Amorphous thermosetting resins and thermoplastic polymers are phenoxy resins. Bisphenol-A and Epichlorohydrin are used to make the product. Phenoxy resins are divided into two types: solventborne and waterborne. These resins are soluble in mono-methyl ether acetate of n-butanol, toluene, xylene, and propylene glycol.

The growing demand for phenoxy resin in a variety of applications will help to drive the market forward. For cross-linked phenolic and epoxy formulations, phenoxy resin is an effective flexibilizer. It is widely used in adhesives, coatings, inks, and composites as a result of this. Phenoxy resin can also tolerate high temperatures and pressures. The need for Phenoxy Resins Market will be boosted by expanding demand for adhesives and coatings in the automotive industry, as well as rising demand for plastic in product packaging. As a result, rising demand will drive market expansion over the projection period.

Read more @ https://creativeedge16.blogspot.com/2022/05/phenoxy-resins-market-2021-statistical.html

[gargchemicalindustry]

Discover Garg Chemical Industries, a leading name among Chemical Industries in Delhi. Renowned for our commitment to quality, we specialize in producing and delivering a range of premium chemicals at affordable prices. From Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), Monoethylene Glycol, Mix Xylene, to Toulene and Thinner, our diverse inventory caters to various industries.

[coyote-brainbabies]

more pride babs! ft. @dark-xenon‘s Xetout!