#worked during the art nouveau and art deco periods

[thursdays-adult]

That’s actually probably largely dead on the money, and I love your interpretation of the family dynamics, valid.

The Consolation by JC Leyendecker, oil on canvas.

[osakanone]

"Last Exile is not steampunk but dieselpunk"

(paraphrasing from a user on another platform)

i understand the origin of your misconception, user on another platform that will not be named and i'm pedantic, sad and vocal enough about this to wall of text you

last exile isn't dieselpunk, its not even steampunk; its post-steampunk

1) it doesn't look like dieselpunk, actually

proto-art deco (eg not art-deco actually) steampunk is not automatically dieselpunk

you're looking at this and thinking, "oh it must be 1950's america" because you're mis-seeing art-deco where it isn't

art-deco's entire visual language is appropriation expressed through geometric rules of the fauvism and ballets russes

but airships!

i get you're pulling from the interbellum period because "zepplin" but the culture and politics is all very 16th/17th century prussia, switzerland, austria, etc -- to say "airship = dieselpunk" means every final fantasy game with an airship is dieselpunk which is blatantly untrue.

there's a convergent evolution of media here and you're projecting a lens that only really came into existence as a reaction to the popularity of steampunk circa 2010 and last exile aired in like 2003 predating all of that during the second resurgence of steampunk in the early 2000's following its origins in i think 1987?

but characters/design!

likewise the look of the characters and artstyle is all art nouveau based which isn't expressed anywhere in dieselpunk

this is owed to Range Murata being influenced a lot by art nouveau and makoto kobayashi being very influenced by the work of french comic artist mobius (jean giraud) who in turn is influenced by fauvism and zenas winsor mccay

2) it doesn't act like dieselpunk, actually

if you want to go by structural definitions and not aesthetic definitions: the setting literally runs on doing things to water to boil it in a special way that makes things float

the dominant politics of the setting to begin with is all 1600's/1700's european continent, until it expands into territorialization (a metamodernist idea you don't see anywhere in dieselpunk)

there is not a corporate structure anywhere in sight (the legal formalist frameworks of modern governence and post-modern lenses do not exist yet), and the modern definition of a scientist also doesn't exist in last exile outside of the guild's researchers who themselves are more preist-like in their approach and culture

3) it is not concerned with dieselpunk's themes

dieselpunk is likewise primarily concerned with explorations of totalitarianism through a lens of scifi, fantasy and noir usually contexturalized as post-classic-conservative into the beginnings of a very very early proto-neoliberalism vs "the other" which is nebulously defined as either nazis, communism or nazi communism (as seen in everything from The Rocketeer to The Grand Dark) -- which usually come as a modernist "well at least we're not like those guys, go team!"

none of that is anywhere in last exile

the irony usually is that dieselpunk is never actually punk; dieselpunk is almost never anti-fascist, anti-industrialist (not to be confused with anti-industrial), anti-militarist (read: mil industrial project) or anti-brutalist and usually endorses all of those things as the norm

last exile takes VERY big swings at all of these things, which is mainly concerned with exploring how cultures stabilize under the influence of other cultures foreign policies and how the territorialized nations are deliberately held back for the interests of the invader (in this case the guild) who then pit the territorialized nations against eachother in a zero-sum strategy of containment -- which is honestly taking shots at every single one of those points and is squarely aimed at highlighting the issues with the kind of technocratic fascism which arose in italy and russia circa the 1920's upon those 17th/18th century european cultures

4) its very concerned with steampunk's themes, albiet from a stanndpoint of technocracy, not theologism or old-world vs new world

steampunk's dominant concept in classic literature or formative literature is that of exposing corruption or the realization of corruption from within -- forgoing the brutalist war-focused ideas in dieselpunk and the unrecoverable corruption of cyberpunk for actionable rebellions against larger entities, typically by interdicting their quest for something fantastical…

in this case rather than a company, empire, nation, king or government it is instead a technocratic territorializer who has instilled false religions and false cultural constructs as a means to control containerized nations in its own interests…

which is… literally… the story…

[amandi-mga2023mi6011]

Research: Styles of Poster Design

I wanted to do some more research on the eras and styles of poster art that interested and inspired me most, and delve more in-depth into the prominent artists of these eras.

The Golden Era

During the 17th century, driven by new freedom from Spanish Catholic rule, the Dutch Republic experienced a surge in economic and cultural prominence. An influx of trade boosted commerce, leading to the rise of a large middle and merchant class in the market for the proliferation of art that had cropped up in response to the burgeoning celebration of Dutch life and identity. Painting flowered as artists focused on everyday scenes of ordinary life, expressed through a growing cadre of genre works, all indicative of the thriving creative period.

Art Nouveau

The Art Nouveau posters and illustrations almost always feature women, representing glamor, beauty and modernity. Images of men are extremely rare. Posters and illustrations are highly stylized. approaching two dimensions, and frequently are filled with flowers and other vegetal decoration. 

This era, by far, is the one that mot inspires me. The major artists who I'm inspired by are the Czech Alphonse Mucha, Eugène Grasset, Jules Chéret, Georges de Feure, and Will H. Bradley.

Art Deco

While Art Deco’s influence touched everything from architecture to fashion, its appearance in posters is especially striking. Suddenly, products and destinations were being advertised through the rhythmic repetition of bold shapes, brilliant colors, and a kinetic sense of accelerated movement and power. 

The hallmarks of Art Deco posters can best be described as sophisticated, streamlined, and sleek. Some posters are almost overwhelming in their presentation of scale—we feel dominated by the impressive architectural presence of the subject.

Posters also promoted more fashionable items, which spoke to wealth and glamour expressed through a lens of removed, cool elegance. The same holds true for all of Paul Colin’s numerous posters for performances and parties, wherein he is selling more of an attitude than an event.

A.M. Cassandre, Robert Mallet-Stevens, Jacint Bofarull, Paul Colin, Pierre Andry-Farcy, Nicolay Diulgheroff, Loupot, Nizzoli, and McKnight Kauffer are some notable poster artists from the art deco era.

Contemporary Poster Artists

Pascal Blanchet

Pascal Blanchet is a Montreal-based multi-media artist whose graphic works include collaborations with The New Yorker, Penguin Books, and The National Post. His depictions of familiar cityscapes and exotic locales recall art deco masterworks but are grounded in a contemporary vision of the world. Blanchet employs a bold colour palette in his images, which is complemented by references to times gone by and results in a combined sense of nostalgia and romance.

Mads Berg

Mads Berg is a Danish illustrator specializing in poster design, brand and editorial illustrations, cover art, and murals. Based out of Copenhagen, Berg has an impressive list of international clients. His work is characterized by a style that translates classic poster art into a modern and timeless look.  I'm especially inspired by his use of colour and texture

Born in 1975, Berg graduated from the Danish Design School in 2001 and has since been working independently as a professional illustrator and occasional lecturer at design schools across Denmark. He has been a jury member for the Best in Swedish (Kolla) and Norwegian (Visuelt) Contemporary Illustration on several occasions, in 2010 he was awarded the “Best Danish Children's Comic” prize, and in 2009 the Danish Design Prize. Berg’s poster art is represented at the Danish National Design Archives at the Design Museum Danmark.

Deb JJ Lee

Deb JJ Lee is a Korean-American Brooklyn-based illustrator who has designed posters for several big brands, festivals, and events.

Sources

Dutch Golden age painting movement overview (no date) The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/movement/dutch-golden-age/ (Accessed: 31 January 2025).

Art nouveau posters and graphic arts (2024) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau_posters_and_graphic_arts (Accessed: 31 January 2025).

What is Art Deco? (2022) Poster House. Available at: https://posterhouse.org/blog/what-is-art-deco/ (Accessed: 31 January 2025).

Contemporary (2000-present) (no date) L’Affichiste. Available at: https://www.laffichiste.com/collections/contemporary-1970s?page=1 (Accessed: 31 January 2025).

[vintage-vibes24]

The Most Iconic Vintage Jewelry Designers

Vintage jewelry has always been a reflection of its era, and the designs often carry the mark of their iconic creators. From the luxurious gemstones of the Art Deco period to the intricate, nature-inspired designs of the Art Nouveau era, vintage jewelry tells the story of fashion history. This guide delves into the most iconic vintage jewelry designers who have left an indelible mark on the world of high jewelry, detailing their unique styles, signature pieces, and lasting impact on the jewelry industry vintage engagement ring.

1. Cartier Founded in 1847, Cartier is synonymous with luxury and elegance. Known for its innovative designs and exceptional craftsmanship, Cartier became the go-to jeweler for royals and celebrities. Some of their most iconic creations include the Tutti Frutti collection, which blends colorful gemstones and exotic motifs, and the Panther bracelet, a symbol of strength and sophistication.

2. Van Cleef & Arpels A name that evokes the magic of the Art Deco period, Van Cleef & Arpels revolutionized the world of fine jewelry with their innovative use of gemstones and the introduction of the Mystery Set technique, allowing for seamless settings of stones. Famous pieces include the Alhambra collection and the whimsical Ballerina brooch, a favorite of the fashion elite.

3. Tiffany & Co. Tiffany & Co. is a hallmark of American luxury, known for its high-quality diamonds and timeless designs. Throughout the decades, the brand has produced legendary pieces like the Tiffany Setting engagement ring and the Schlumberger collection, created by the renowned designer Jean Schlumberger, featuring intricate, nature-inspired motifs.

4. Bulgari With a bold and colorful aesthetic, Bulgari’s designs have always set trends. Founded in Rome in 1884, Bulgari became famous for combining ancient Greek and Roman motifs with modern sensibilities. The Serpenti collection, with its sinuous, serpent-inspired shapes, is one of the brand’s most iconic pieces, symbolizing both seduction and eternal elegance.

5. Jean Schlumberger Known for his collaboration with Tiffany & Co., Jean Schlumberger's work combined whimsy and high fashion with vibrant, unconventional designs. His signature pieces like the Bird on a Rock brooch and the Seashell earrings are beloved for their organic forms and the playful yet refined combination of colored stones.

6. Harry Winston Often called the "King of Diamonds," Harry Winston became famous for his exceptional diamond jewelry and for providing gemstones to major Hollywood stars. His Winston Cluster earrings, which feature diamonds set in a flower-like pattern, remain a timeless symbol of luxury and sophistication.

7. René Lalique A French master of Art Nouveau, René Lalique revolutionized jewelry design by incorporating glass, enamel, and natural forms into his pieces. His dragonfly brooches, goddess necklaces, and floral earrings are prized for their artistic beauty and their innovative use of materials.

8. Miriam Haskell Known for her intricately detailed costume jewelry, Miriam Haskell's creations were characterized by elaborate designs featuring glass beads, faux pearls, and other embellishments. Her work was highly influential during the mid-20th century, and her pieces are still cherished by collectors for their unique, vintage charm.

9. Erté Romain de Tirtoff, known by his pseudonym Erté, brought Art Deco style to the forefront with his stunning jewelry designs. Erté’s pieces were characterized by geometric shapes, bold colors, and elegant lines, often inspired by the fashion world and theatrical performances. His Opera and Femme collections are some of the most sought-after by collectors.

10. Sonia Delaunay A painter and textile designer, Sonia Delaunay’s jewelry was a natural extension of her passion for color and abstraction. Her work, often involving geometric patterns and vibrant colors, reflects the Orphism movement, which she co-founded. Her Talisman collection is particularly famous for its innovative use of enamel and vibrant, bold color schemes.

These designers not only defined the look of their respective eras but also created pieces that have remained relevant and desirable, often becoming collector's items. Whether through the use of unconventional materials, intricate craftsmanship, or bold, avant-garde designs, these vintage jewelry designers have helped shape the history of jewelry design and continue to inspire collectors and new generations of jewelry lovers.

[shreshth1444]

Timeless Elegance: The Allure and Craftsmanship of Exquisite Jewelry

In a world where trends come and go, one element of style remains perpetually captivating: exquisite jewelry. These dazzling pieces are more than mere accessories; they are works of art that tell stories, evoke emotions, and serve as symbols of love, power, and status. The allure of fine jewelry transcends time and culture, capturing the hearts and imaginations of people across the globe. From ancient civilizations to modern fashion runways, jewelry has played a pivotal role in human history, reflecting the artistry and craftsmanship of its makers.

The History and Evolution of Jewelry

Jewelry has been an integral part of human adornment for thousands of years. The earliest known jewelry dates back to around 100,000 years ago, with the discovery of beads made from Nassarius shells. Ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans adorned themselves with intricate pieces made from gold, silver, and precious gemstones. Each culture had its own unique styles and techniques, often using jewelry to signify status, religious beliefs, and personal identity.

The Egyptians, for example, were known for their elaborate necklaces, bracelets, and rings made from gold and adorned with colorful gemstones like turquoise, lapis lazuli, and carnelian. These pieces were not only decorative but also believed to have protective and magical properties. Similarly, the Greeks and Romans used jewelry to showcase their wealth and social standing, often incorporating mythological motifs and intricate designs.

During the Middle Ages, jewelry became more symbolic, with religious themes dominating the designs. The Renaissance period marked a revival of classical art and culture, leading to an explosion of creativity and innovation in jewelry making. This era saw the introduction of new techniques such as enamel work and the use of gemstones to create intricate and realistic floral designs.

The 19th and 20th centuries brought about significant advancements in jewelry design and manufacturing. The Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria, was characterized by sentimental and romantic pieces, often featuring motifs like hearts, flowers, and lockets. The Art Nouveau movement, which emerged in the late 19th century, embraced flowing lines, natural forms, and a sense of organic beauty. This was followed by the Art Deco period, which introduced bold geometric shapes, vibrant colors, and a sense of modernity that continues to influence contemporary jewelry design.

The Art of Craftsmanship

The creation of exquisite jewelry is a meticulous process that requires a high level of skill, precision, and artistry. Each piece begins with a concept or design, which is often inspired by nature, history, or personal experiences. Jewelry designers use a combination of traditional techniques and modern technology to bring their visions to life.

One of the most important aspects of jewelry making is the selection of materials. Precious metals such as gold, platinum, and silver are commonly used as the foundation for fine jewelry. These metals are prized for their durability, malleability, and timeless appeal. Gemstones, on the other hand, add color, brilliance, and value to a piece. Diamonds, sapphires, rubies, and emeralds are some of the most sought-after gemstones, each with its own unique characteristics and allure.

Once the materials are selected, the process of creating a piece of jewelry involves several steps, including:

Designing: The designer sketches the initial concept, taking into consideration the aesthetics, functionality, and wearability of the piece. This stage often involves collaboration with the client or other artisans to refine the design and ensure it meets their vision.

Wax Modeling: A wax model of the piece is created to serve as a prototype. This model allows the designer to visualize the final product and make any necessary adjustments before moving forward.

Casting: The wax model is encased in a plaster mold and heated until the wax melts away, leaving a cavity in the shape of the jewelry. Molten metal is then poured into the mold to create the basic structure of the piece.

Setting Gemstones: Skilled gem setters carefully place each gemstone into its designated setting. This requires precision and expertise to ensure the stones are securely held in place while maximizing their brilliance and beauty.

Polishing and Finishing: The final steps involve polishing the metal to a high shine and adding any additional details, such as engravings or enamel work. The piece is then inspected for quality and perfection before being presented to the client.

Iconic Jewelry Houses and Their Masterpieces

Throughout history, certain jewelry houses have distinguished themselves through their exceptional craftsmanship, innovative designs, and dedication to excellence. These iconic brands have created some of the most memorable and coveted pieces of jewelry in the world.

Cartier

Founded in Paris in 1847, Cartier is renowned for its timeless elegance and luxurious creations. The brand has a rich history of crafting exquisite jewelry for royalty and celebrities, earning the nickname "Jeweler of Kings and King of Jewelers." Some of Cartier's most famous pieces include the Love Bracelet, the Trinity Ring, and the iconic Panthère de Cartier collection, which features the brand's signature panther motif.

Tiffany & Co.

Established in 1837 in New York City, Tiffany & Co. is synonymous with sophistication and style. The brand's signature blue box has become an icon of luxury and romance. Tiffany is known for its exceptional diamonds and innovative designs, such as the Tiffany Setting, which revolutionized the way diamonds are set in engagement rings. The company has also created legendary pieces like the Tiffany Yellow Diamond, a stunning 128.54-carat gemstone that has been worn by celebrities such as Audrey Hepburn and Lady Gaga.

Van Cleef & Arpels

Founded in 1906 in Paris, Van Cleef & Arpels is celebrated for its whimsical and poetic creations. The brand is known for its innovative techniques, such as the Mystery Set, which allows gemstones to be set without visible prongs or metal. Van Cleef & Arpels' enchanting designs often draw inspiration from nature, fairy tales, and the ballet, resulting in pieces that are both magical and timeless. Notable collections include the Alhambra, with its signature clover motif, and the Zip Necklace, which can be transformed from a necklace to a bracelet with a simple zip.

Bulgari

Since its founding in 1884 in Rome, Bulgari has been synonymous with bold and vibrant designs. The brand is known for its use of colorful gemstones, geometric patterns, and distinctive Italian flair. Bulgari's creations often feature cabochon-cut stones, which showcase the natural beauty and brilliance of the gems. Iconic pieces include the Serpenti collection, which features snake-inspired designs, and the Parentesi collection, characterized by its interlocking motif.

Harry Winston

Known as the "King of Diamonds," Harry Winston has been a leading name in fine jewelry since 1932. The brand is renowned for its exceptional diamonds and commitment to quality. Harry Winston's masterpieces include some of the most famous gemstones in history, such as the Hope Diamond and the Pink Legacy. The brand's innovative designs and dedication to excellence have made it a favorite among celebrities and royalty alike.

The Emotional and Cultural Significance of Jewelry

Exquisite jewelry holds a special place in the hearts of people around the world. It is often associated with significant life events, such as engagements, weddings, anniversaries, and graduations. These pieces serve as tangible reminders of cherished moments and milestones, passed down through generations as family heirlooms.

In addition to its personal significance, jewelry also plays a crucial role in cultural and religious traditions. In many cultures, jewelry is used to symbolize wealth, status, and social identity. For example, in India, elaborate gold jewelry is an essential part of bridal attire, representing prosperity and marital bliss. In West Africa, traditional beadwork and gold jewelry are worn during ceremonies and celebrations to honor ancestors and signify cultural heritage.

Jewelry also serves as a form of self-expression, allowing individuals to showcase their unique style and personality. Whether it's a statement necklace, a pair of elegant earrings, or a timeless bracelet, each piece of jewelry tells a story and reflects the wearer's identity and taste.

Conclusion

The world of exquisite jewelry is a captivating realm where artistry, craftsmanship, and emotion intertwine to create timeless masterpieces. From the ancient civilizations that first adorned themselves with beads and shells to the iconic jewelry houses that continue to set trends and push boundaries, jewelry remains a powerful symbol of beauty, status, and personal significance.

As we continue to cherish and celebrate these dazzling creations, we are reminded of the enduring allure and magic of fine jewelry. Each piece, whether a family heirloom or a contemporary design, holds the power to evoke emotions, tell stories, and connect us to our past, present, and future. In the ever-evolving world of fashion and style, exquisite jewelry remains a beacon of timeless elegance and enduring charm.

[swarishjewels]

The History of 925 Silver Jewelry

925 silver, also known as sterling silver, has a rich and fascinating history that spans thousands of years. This precious metal has been cherished for its beauty, durability, and versatility. Let's delve into the history of 925 silver jewelry and how it has evolved over time.

1. Ancient Beginnings:

Silver has been used by humans since ancient times. The earliest known silver objects date back to around 4000 BCE in what is now Turkey. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, highly valued silver for its luster and rarity. They used silver to create various items, including jewelry, coins, and religious artifacts.

2. The Origin of Sterling Silver:

The term "sterling silver" originated in England around the 12th century. The name is believed to have come from the "Easterlings," a group of German traders who used silver coins of high purity. Sterling silver, defined as an alloy containing 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% other metals (usually copper), became the standard for silver coinage and jewelry. This composition provided the right balance of strength and malleability.

3. Medieval and Renaissance Periods:

During the medieval and Renaissance periods, sterling silver was used extensively for crafting intricate jewelry, tableware, and religious objects. Silversmiths honed their skills, creating detailed and ornate designs. Silver jewelry became a symbol of wealth and status among the European nobility and royalty.

4. The Rise of Silver Hallmarking:

In the 14th century, the practice of hallmarking silver items began in England. Hallmarks are official stamps or marks placed on silver items to certify their purity and authenticity. The introduction of hallmarks helped protect consumers from fraud and ensured the quality of silver goods. This practice spread to other countries, including France, Germany, and Italy.

5. The Victorian Era:

The Victorian era (1837-1901) saw a resurgence in the popularity of silver jewelry. Queen Victoria's love for ornate and sentimental jewelry influenced fashion trends. Sterling silver lockets, brooches, and bracelets adorned with intricate designs and gemstones became highly fashionable. This period also saw the rise of mass production techniques, making silver jewelry more accessible to the middle class.

6. Art Nouveau and Art Deco Movements:

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the emergence of the Art Nouveau and Art Deco movements, which had a significant impact on silver jewelry design. Art Nouveau jewelry featured flowing, organic forms inspired by nature, while Art Deco jewelry embraced geometric shapes, bold lines, and a modern aesthetic. Sterling silver was a popular choice for both styles due to its versatility and ease of working.

7. Modern Times:

Today, 925 silver jewelry continues to be highly prized for its beauty, affordability, and durability. Advances in technology and design have expanded the possibilities for creating intricate and innovative silver jewelry pieces. Sterling silver is used in a wide range of styles, from classic and traditional to contemporary and avant-garde.

8. Sustainable and Ethical Practices:

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on sustainability and ethical practices in the jewelry industry. Many jewelers are committed to using recycled silver and responsibly sourced materials. Sterling silver, with its recyclability and durability, aligns well with these values, making it a popular choice for eco-conscious consumers.

Conclusion:

The history of 925 silver jewelry is a testament to the enduring allure and versatility of this precious metal. From ancient civilizations to modern times, sterling silver has been cherished for its beauty, craftsmanship, and cultural significance. As we continue to appreciate and innovate with 925 silver jewelry, its rich heritage remains an integral part of its timeless appeal.

[justhighstone]

French Style Tombstones: A Unique Blend of Artistry and Heritage

Edit By Justhighstone

French culture is renowned for its elegance, sophistication, and artistic flair, and these qualities are beautifully reflected in its tombstones. French style tombstones, or "pierres tombales," stand as silent works of art that pay homage to the departed while showcasing the country's rich history and artistic traditions. In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of French style tombstones, examining their history, design elements, and cultural significance.

A History of French Style Tombstones

The tradition of commemorating the dead with elaborate tombstones dates back centuries in France. Throughout history, French tombstones have evolved in style and design, influenced by various cultural and artistic movements. Let's delve into the key historical periods that have shaped these unique memorials:

Gothic Influence: The Gothic period (12th to 16th centuries) left an indelible mark on French architecture and tombstone design. During this era, tombstones featured intricate stone carvings, with religious motifs, ornate crosses, and detailed sculptures of the deceased.

Renaissance Elegance: The Renaissance (16th to 17th centuries) brought about a revival of classical art and design. French tombstones from this period often featured classical elements like Corinthian columns, pilasters, and mythological figures.

Rococo Extravagance: In the 18th century, the Rococo style influenced French tombstone design with its exuberant ornamentation. Curved lines, elaborate flourishes, and intricate detailing characterized tombstones from this era.

Neoclassical Simplicity: The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw a shift towards neoclassical aesthetics, characterized by clean lines, symmetry, and simple, elegant forms. French tombstones began to display a more restrained and refined style during this period.

Art Nouveau and Art Deco: The turn of the 20th century brought forth the Art Nouveau and Art Deco movements, which left their mark on tombstone design. Art Nouveau emphasized flowing lines and organic motifs, while Art Deco embraced geometric shapes and modernist influences.

Common Features of French Style Tombstones

French style tombstones are known for their attention to detail and artistic expression. Here are some common features that can be found on these tombstones:

Intricate Carvings: Elaborate stone carvings depicting religious symbols, angels, saints, or scenes from the deceased's life are often present on French tombstones.

Crosses and Crucifixes: Given the predominantly Catholic nature of France, crosses and crucifixes are prevalent symbols on tombstones, signifying faith and salvation.

Statues and Sculptures: Some tombstones feature life-sized or smaller statues of the deceased, angels, or other figures, adding a personal touch to the memorial.

Inscriptions: French tombstones typically feature inscriptions that include the name of the deceased, birth and death dates, and sometimes poetic or religious verses.

Floral and Decorative Motifs: Floral patterns, wreaths, and other decorative motifs adorn the borders and surfaces of French tombstones, adding a touch of elegance.

Cultural Significance

French style tombstones are more than mere markers; they are a testament to the country's reverence for its history and culture. They serve as a visual representation of the enduring bond between the living and the departed, reflecting the nation's commitment to preserving its heritage through artistry and craftsmanship.

Conclusion

French style tombstones are a captivating blend of art, history, and cultural expression. Each one is a unique masterpiece, telling a story of the past and offering a glimpse into the values and aesthetics of French society at different points in history. These tombstones are not just memorials; they are a testament to the enduring legacy of French artistry and the profound respect for those who have gone before us.

Edit By Justhighstone

[nigelnormanuk]

Explore the charm of Antique Cufflinks and Vintage Jewelry

Vintage jewelry and antique cufflinks are more than just fashion items; they are windows into the past, providing an understanding of the style and craftsmanship of earlier times. These classic items have a special attraction that appeals to both collectors and aficionados. The history, significance, and enduring allure of antique cufflinks and vintage jewelry will be explored in this essay.

A Quick History of Antique Cufflinks

The history of cufflinks, those modest but useful ornaments, dates back hundreds of years. They made their debut in the 17th century as a useful replacement for ribbons and strings for cuff-fastening shirts. Early cufflinks were frequently embellished with priceless gems, cameos, and elaborate engravings to reflect the wearer's social standing and preferences.

Cufflinks gained prominence throughout the Victorian era, and styles ranged from classy, simple pieces to complex, baroque creations. Cufflink designs subsequently influenced by the Art Nouveau and Art Deco eras led to avant-garde creations with geometric motifs and enamel work.

Antique Jewelry: Classic Elegance

There are many different types of vintage jewelry, ranging from necklaces and brooches to earrings and bracelets. Vintage jewelry stands out due to its classic elegance and nostalgic appeal. These items frequently feature fine materials and intricate craftsmanship.

On antique jewelry, artisans from all ages have left their stamp. For instance, the Edwardian period is renowned for its use of platinum and delicate, lacy motifs. On the other hand, bold, hefty pieces with stones like citrine and amethyst were popular during the Retro era.

Why Vintage Jewelry and Antique Cufflinks are Collectible

Historical Significance: Preserving the design and craftsmanship of their respective eras, antique cufflinks and vintage jewelry offer a direct link to the past.

Unique Designs: There is something to suit every collector's taste thanks to the variety of styles and materials employed in these items. Vintage jewelry and cufflinks are available in a variety of styles, from understated refinement to extravagant extravagance.

Potential investment: Collecting antique cufflinks and antique jewelry can also be a wise investment. These things increase in value over time, making it not only a beautiful piece of jewelry, but also a wise financial choice.

 Sustainability: Vintage jewelry and antique cufflinks are inherently sustainable. By purchasing and wearing these pieces, collectors contribute to reducing the demand for newly mined gemstones and metals.

Where to Find Antique Cufflinks and Vintage Jewelry

Antique stores, estate sales, and online marketplaces like Nigel Norman are excellent places to start your search for these collectible items. It's essential to educate yourself about the eras, styles, and materials that interest you to make informed purchases.

In conclusion, antique cufflinks and vintage jewelry offer a captivating journey through time. Their historical significance, unique designs, investment potential, and sustainability make them highly sought-after collectibles. Whether you're a seasoned collector or a newcomer to the world of vintage accessories, exploring these treasures can be a rewarding and enriching experience, connecting you with the artistry and elegance of the past.

[5starglassdesigner]

Embracing Stained Glass Artistry and Decorated Glass Work

The art of designing glass windows has transcended centuries, leaving behind a rich legacy of beauty and craftsmanship. From medieval cathedrals to contemporary buildings, stained glass design work and decorated glasswork have adorned architectural marvels, enchanting beholders with their breathtaking splendor. This article explores the enduring charm of Design glass windows, celebrating the fusion of art and architecture.

Stained Glass Design Work: A Journey Through History

The origins of stained glass design can be traced back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome. However, it flourished during the medieval period when churches and cathedrals embraced it as a medium to convey biblical stories and depict saints. Skilled artisans meticulously handcrafted intricate patterns using colored glass pieces, transforming sunlight into a mesmerizing kaleidoscope of colors and radiance.

The Renaissance period witnessed a remarkable transformation in Stained glass design work. With advances in glass-making techniques and the patronage of wealthy nobles, stained glass artists expanded their horizons. Elaborate scenes with lifelike characters, vivid landscapes, and ornate motifs emerged, reflecting a harmonious blend of artistic expression and architectural innovation.

Revival and Evolution: Contemporary Stained Glass Artistry

Though stained glass faced a decline in popularity during the industrial era, the 19th-century revival movement brought it back into the limelight. Renowned artists like Louis Comfort Tiffany led the way, creating mesmerizing stained glass artworks that adorned opulent mansions and public buildings. The Art Nouveau and Art Deco movements further fueled the evolution of stained glass, experimenting with new materials and techniques to complement modern architecture.

Today, contemporary stained glass artists continue to push the boundaries of creativity, blending traditional techniques with cutting-edge technology. The use of computer-aided design (CAD) allows for intricate and precise detailing, while innovative glass treatments add texture and depth to the artwork. Modern installations now extend beyond religious structures, gracing museums, corporate buildings, and private homes alike.

Decorated Glass Work: A Symphony of Elegance and Functionality

Beyond the realm of stained glass, decorated glass work has also left its mark in the world of design. Decorative elements etched, engraved, or painted onto glass surfaces showcase the fusion of aesthetics and functionality. Be it delicate floral patterns on mirrors or intricate designs on glass doors, decorated glasswork adds a touch of sophistication to any space.

Glass artists harness various techniques such as sandblasting, acid etching, and kiln-fired painting to create personalized designs. Frosted glass partitions offer privacy without compromising on natural light, while hand-painted glass panels elevate the elegance of room dividers and cabinet doors.

Conclusion

Design glass windows, with their enchanting stained glass design work and refined decorated glass pieces, exemplify the artistic essence of architecture. Spanning across history, these masterpieces continue to inspire awe and admiration for the artisans' skill and imagination. From the soaring spires of ancient cathedrals to the contemporary facades of modern buildings, the timeless elegance of design glass windows persists as a testament to the enduring allure of art and craftsmanship in architecture.

[grayreidgalleryaus]

The History and Evolution of Antique Jewellery

The history of antique jewelry spans centuries and is a testament to human creativity and craftsmanship. Antique jewelry refers to pieces that are at least 100 years old and often showcases the design styles and materials prevalent during different eras.

Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, crafted jewelry using materials like gold, silver, and precious gemstones. These pieces often featured intricate designs and were worn as symbols of status, wealth, and religious significance.

During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, jewelry styles were influenced by the Catholic Church, with religious motifs and symbols prevalent in designs. Intricate metalwork, enameling, and the use of gemstones continued to be prominent features.

The Georgian era, spanning from the early 18th century to the early 19th century, saw the rise of delicate, elegant jewelry. Pieces were often crafted in silver-topped gold or silver, adorned with diamonds and colored gemstones. Floral motifs, ribbons, and bows were popular design elements.

The Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria, encompassed the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. Jewelry from this period showcased a wide range of styles, reflecting the changing tastes and trends of the time. Early Victorian jewelry was characterized by romantic and sentimental designs, featuring motifs like hearts, flowers, and snakes. Later in the era, jewelry designs became bolder and more elaborate, with the introduction of new gemstones and techniques.

The Art Nouveau movement, which emerged in the late 19th century, celebrated nature and organic forms. Jewelry from this period featured flowing lines, intricate enameling, and the use of unconventional materials like horn, glass, and enamel.

The Art Deco era, spanning the 1920s and 1930s, embraced geometric shapes, bold colors, and a sense of modernity. Jewelry from this period showcased strong lines, symmetrical designs, and the use of platinum, diamonds, and colorful gemstones.

As time progressed, jewelry styles continued to evolve, influenced by cultural, social, and artistic movements. Today, antique jewelry is highly valued for its historical significance, craftsmanship, and unique aesthetic appeal. Collectors and enthusiasts cherish these pieces as wearable works of art, connecting us to the rich history of human creativity and expression.

[antiquejwelery06]

Timeless Elegance: Discover Antique and Vintage Rings for Sale

In a world driven by ever-changing trends, there is something truly captivating about the timeless beauty and unique craftsmanship found in antique and vintage rings for sale. These exquisite pieces offer a glimpse into the past, carrying with them the stories of previous generations. 

The fascination of antique and vintage rings is apparent, whether you are an obsessive collector, a historical jewellery aficionado, or someone looking for a really one-of-a-kind engagement ring or unique gift. This article will dig into the enthralling world of antique and vintage rings, illuminating where to find them and the intrinsic beauty they hold.

Exploring Antique Rings:

Antique rings are artefacts that are more than 100 years old. These rings come in a variety of styles that reflect the design aesthetics popular during their respective times. Antique rings are wonderful works of art that display the workmanship of their time, from the delicate filigree work of the Art Nouveau period to the geometric and symmetrical patterns of the Art Deco era.

Hand-engraved patterns, milgrain edges, and valuable gemstones such as diamonds, sapphires, rubies, and emeralds are common features of antique rings. Each antique ring has a unique narrative to tell, making it a treasured piece of history.

Unveiling Vintage Rings:

Vintage rings, on the other hand, are often objects that are 20 to 100 years old. These rings illustrate the changing fashion trends of the twentieth century, integrating styles from numerous decades. 

Vintage rings are a blend of nostalgia with fashion-forwardness, ranging from the romantic and feminine designs of the Edwardian period to the flamboyant and colourful cocktail rings of the 1950s. They frequently include complex metalwork, brilliant gemstones, and imaginative settings that reflect artistic movements and cultural influences of the time.

Where to Buy Antique and Vintage Rings:

Antique and Vintage Jewelry Stores: Ring collectors will love specialised jewellery boutiques that specialise in antique and vintage pieces. These shops frequently feature a carefully picked assortment of rings from various ages, insuring authenticity and quality. Staff members who are knowledgeable about the history and features of each piece may help you discover the perfect ring that fits your style and tastes.

Online Marketplaces: The digital technology has made it easier than ever to find a large assortment of antique and vintage rings. Online markets like as Etsy, Bidsquare, Lane, and 1stdibs provide a diverse range of options from reliable vendors worldwide. However, before making a purchase, it is critical to conduct thorough research and read reviews to check the legitimacy and dependability of the sellers.

Auction Houses: Auction houses often feature exceptional collections of antique and vintage rings, offering an opportunity to bid on and acquire unique pieces. These events are not only thrilling but also allow buyers to immerse themselves in the excitement of the jewelry world while potentially securing a rare find. Prominent auction houses like Sotheby's and Christie's frequently host  jewelry auction , both in person and online.

Estate Sales and Antique Fairs: Estate sales and antique fairs may be gold mines for antique and vintage ring collectors. These events allow you to look through a large selection of jewellery and possibly unearth hidden treasures at reasonable costs. Listings for local antique fairs and estate sales can be discovered on online platforms, community bulletin boards, and social media groups.

Conclusion:

Antique and vintage rings have an attraction and magic that captivates the hearts of both jewellery enthusiasts and collectors. These pieces invoke nostalgia while embodying the artistry and trends of the time.

[gdlgartdeco]

France Sculpture and Figures

France Sculpture and Figures

France is known worldwide for its rich cultural heritage, including its impressive collection of sculptures and figures. Throughout history, French sculptors have produced some of the most iconic works of art, influencing and inspiring artists worldwide.

 Introduction

 Sculpture and figures have been integral to French culture since ancient times. French sculptors have created a wide range of styles and designs from the prehistoric era to the present day, making France one of the world's leading sculpture centers.

 French Renaissance Sculpture

The French Renaissance period, from the 15th to the early 17th century, was characterized by the revival of classical learning and the arts. French sculptors during this time created highly realistic, expressive, and anatomically correct sculptures. One of the most famous French Renaissance sculptures is the statue of Diane Chasseresse by Jean Goujon, located in the Louvre Museum. Art glass chandelier, Art glass lighting chandeliers, Chandelier opalescent glass, Opalescent glass, Art deco pendant , Art deco pendant chandelier, Glass chandelier art, Art deco ceiling light, Freres art deco, Art nouveau pendant

 Baroque Sculpture in France

French sculptors adopted a more ornate and exquisite style during the Baroque period in the 17th and 18th centuries. The sculptures of this period often featured exaggerated movements, intricate details, and dramatic expressions. Notable Baroque sculptures in France include the marble sculptures of the Four Seasons by François Girardon, located in the gardens of the Palace of Versailles. Muller Freres, Petitot, Schneider, Hettier ey Vincent, Genet et Michon, Original antique, art deco, opalescent glass, pressed glass, Maynadier, Mouynet, Sabino, abstract motifs, Geometric design, linear design, Leleu, Poillerat. https://www.gdlgartdeco.com

 Neoclassical Sculpture in France

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, French sculptors were influenced by the neoclassical movement, which drew inspiration from ancient Greece and Rome. Clean lines, classical poses, and an emphasis on heroic figures characterized the neoclassical sculptures. The most famous neoclassical sculpture in France is the statue of Napoleon Bonaparte by Antonio Canova, located in the Musée Napoléon in Paris.

 Modern and Contemporary Sculpture in France

The 20th century saw a significant shift in French sculpture, as artists began to explore new styles and techniques. Modern and contemporary French sculptures include a wide range of abstract and figurative styles, often made from unconventional materials such as metal, glass, and plastic. Some of the most famous French modern and contemporary sculptures include Le Pouce (The Thumb) by César Baldaccini and L'Ecoute (The Listening) by Henri de Miller.

 Famous French Sculptures and Figures

France is home to some of the world's most famous sculptures and figures, many of which are icons of French culture. The Thinker by Auguste Rodin is one such sculpture in the Musée Rodin in Paris. Another famous sculpture is the Venus de Milo, discovered on the island of Milos in Greece, and it is now on display at the Louvre Museum. La Liberté éclairant le monde, commonly known as The Statue of Liberty, was created by the French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and gifted to the United States in 1886 as a symbol of freedom and democracy. The Arc de Triomphe, located at the western end of the Champs-Élysées in Paris, is another iconic French sculpture celebrating the French army's victories and the French Revolution's fallen soldiers.

[deluxedesign]

The History of Chandeliers: From Medieval Times to Modern Day

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Chandeliers have been a symbol of elegance and luxury for centuries. They have been used in palaces, churches, and homes, adding a touch of grandeur to any space. The history of chandeliers is a long and fascinating one, spanning many centuries and different cultures. In this article, we will take a closer look at the evolution of chandeliers, from medieval times to the modern-day.

The Origins of Chandeliers

The word chandelier comes from the French word “chandelle,” which means candle. The first chandeliers were simply candle holders hung from the ceiling, typically made of wood or metal. The earliest known chandeliers date back to medieval times, where they were used primarily in churches and monasteries.

Chandeliers in Medieval Times

During the medieval period, chandeliers were used for practical purposes, as they provided a source of light during religious ceremonies. They were typically made of metal and had spikes or prongs to hold the candles in place. As technology advanced, chandeliers became more ornate, and the number of candles they could hold increased.

Renaissance and Baroque Periods

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, chandeliers became more elaborate and decorative. They were often made of bronze or iron, and featured intricate designs and scrollwork. In the grand palaces of Europe, chandeliers were a symbol of wealth and status. They were often so large and heavy that they had to be suspended from the ceiling by chains.

18th and 19th Centuries

In the 18th and 19th centuries, chandeliers continued to be a symbol of luxury and were often found in grand ballrooms and theaters. During this time, the development of gas lighting led to the creation of gas chandeliers. These chandeliers used gas instead of candles, which allowed for a brighter, more reliable source of light.

The Rise of Crystal Chandeliers

In the late 19th century, crystal chandeliers became popular. These chandeliers featured crystal prisms and pendants, which reflected and refracted the light in beautiful patterns. Crystal chandeliers were often found in grand hotels, theaters, and other public spaces.

Art Nouveau and Art Deco Periods

In the early 20th century, the Art Nouveau and Art Deco movements influenced chandelier design. Art Nouveau chandeliers featured flowing, organic lines and were often decorated with flowers and other natural motifs. Art Deco chandeliers, on the other hand, were more geometric and featured bold, angular shapes.

Modern Day Chandeliers

Today, chandeliers are available in a wide variety of styles, from traditional to modern. They are made from a variety of materials, including metal, crystal, and glass. Many chandeliers are designed to be energy-efficient, using LED or other low-energy lighting options.

Chandeliers Around the World 

In the Middle East, chandeliers were often made of brass or copper and featured intricate filigree work. Moroccan chandeliers are known for their colorful glass and metalwork. In the United States, chandeliers were popular in the early 20th century and often featured a combination of metal and glass.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Chandelier

When choosing a chandelier, there are several factors to consider, including the size and style of the space, the height of the ceiling, and the desired level of brightness. It is important to choose a chandelier that is appropriately sized for the room, as an oversized or undersized chandelier can look out of place. Additionally, the height of the chandelier should be adjusted based on the height of the ceiling.

Conclusion

Chandeliers have a rich and varied history, spanning many centuries and cultures. From their humble beginnings as simple candle holders to the ornate and decorative designs of the modern day, chandeliers have remained a symbol of elegance and luxury. Today, chandeliers are available in a wide variety of styles and materials, and can be found in homes, hotels, and public spaces around the world.

FAQs

What materials are chandeliers made from?

Chandeliers can be made from a variety of materials, including metal, crystal, glass, and even plastic.

How do I choose the right size chandelier for my room?

When choosing a chandelier, it is important to consider the size and style of the space, as well as the height of the ceiling. An oversized or undersized chandelier can look out of place.

What is the difference between a crystal and a glass chandelier?

Crystal chandeliers feature crystal prisms and pendants, which reflect and refract the light in beautiful patterns. Glass chandeliers, on the other hand, are made from glass and are often less expensive than crystal chandeliers.

Are chandeliers energy-efficient?

Many chandeliers are designed to be energy-efficient, using LED or other low-energy lighting options.

Can chandeliers be used in outdoor spaces?

While chandeliers are typically used indoors, there are outdoor chandeliers available that are designed to withstand the elements.

SHOP NOW FOR OUR SPINAL CRYSTAL CHANDELIER

[samwebsteruniblog]

Major project

- Designers/movements 

I want to make sure I'm looking at as much relevant visual information along with written sources and more, so for this I knew I had to look into more modern designers who use the topic of industrialisation as inspiration. I understand this would most likely mean looking at newer industrialisation however I still think it is very relevant to the subject, of exploring/visualising man made to machine made. However during my research I found relevant information that was closer to the time and how this industrialisation helped new art forms and medians be explored.

- Graphic Design

‘As this supply-and-demand cycle became the force behind the relentless development, graphic design played an important role in marketing factory output. It was a time of optimism and wealth, but not without it’s social costs. Long 13-hour days, unsanitary and filthy living conditions, women and children among the workforce, overproduction, economic depressions, and the loss of jobs due to new improvements in technology took their toll.’

‘Mass production of goods brought with it an overpowering need for mass communication.’ 

- Typographers

Robert Thorne, Vincent Figgins, Henry Caslon, among others, began experimenting with bold, heavily slabbed-serifed fonts called antiques or Egyptians. These typefaces generally had an even stroke weight, heavy, rectangular slab serifs, and short ascenders and descenders. 

Robert Thorne’s Type

Henry Caslon’s Type

- Printing

Hatch Show Print, a print shop that uses wooden letter press to create typography posters, located in Nashville, Tennessee, was founded in 1879 and still produces wood type and letterpress posters for a broad range of uses.

Hatch Show Print’s Work

- Automatic Type Press

Ottmar Merganthaler

‘Ottmar Merganthaler invented and obtained the first patented Linotype machine that created type automatically. The linotype machine could do the work of seven or eight compositors at the same time.’

- Periodicals and Illustrated Weeklies

The linotype led to a surge in the production of periodicals and illustrated weeklies, including the Saturday Evening Post. 

Saturday Evening Post Covers

- Victorian Era 

‘During the reign of Queen Victoria it was a time of strong moral and religious beliefs, proper social conventions, and optimism.’ ‘The Victorian love of ornate and extravagant embellishments was noted in architecture, manufactured products, and elaborate borders, text, and imagery in graphic design.’

‘Victorian graphics utilised a printing technique called chromolithography that unleashed a flood of colourful printed images.’

Victorian Era Products

Victorian chromolithography

- Art Nouveau

‘What Defines Art Nouveau? Art Nouveau was a compelling and energetic style in the visual arts which spanned from around the early 1890s to the First World War. Art Nouveau artists, inspired by plant forms and nature, took organic subjects and flattened and abstracted them into sophisticated, sinuous and flowing motifs.’

‘Art Nouveau emerged as a reaction to major world events including the Industrial Revolution which began in the eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution was the transformation from a handicraft economy to one dominated by machine manufacturing through the rise of technology.’

‘These five elements can also be seen in the Art Nouveau movement. The industrial revolution allowed for faster and cheaper production of materials making new building materials such as glass, reinforced concrete, cast iron and steel, readily available. Art Nouveau artists embraced industrial production and the accessibility of materials to create their work.’

‘Art Nouveau was ubiquitous in Europe’s train stations, tea rooms and department stores: it belonged equally to the public and private realms. Art Nouveau flourished during a period of rapid social and technological change in Europe as industrialisation, mass production and urbanisation accelerated.’

Examples of Art Nouveau

- Art Deco

This movement also then inspired other artists and designers to express themselves further which played a part in creating Art Deco. Though this is movement has happened after the industrial boom it is a by-product of its new found opinion on mass production and accessibility to a range of once hard to come by or expensive materials.

‘In the increasingly conservative political climate, critics saw Art Nouveau as ‘decadent’ and over-elaborate. It failed to meet the demand for a modern national style.”In a time of booming industrialisation and post-war nationalism, veterans of French Art Nouveau like Maurice Dufrene and Paul Follot recognised the need to modernise tradition’

‘finding the new factory style of mass production highly effective in making its everyday objects d’ art widely available and affordable. In contrast to the whimsically flowing, heavily-ornamented style of Art Nouveau, Art Deco found relief from the curvaceous pastel “excessive decadence”’ 

- Art Deco Artists/Designers

Jean Dunand

Jean Dunand, ‘Despite beginning his artistic career as a sculptor who produced decorative objects, Dunand is most remembered for his lacquered works which included panels, interiors, and furniture pieces. Dunand applied lacquer to a variety of objects and even decorated the works of other famous Art Deco artists like Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann.’

Jean Dunand’s Work

Georges Lepape

Georges Lepape, Remembered as one of the most famous fashion magazine illustrators in history, Lepape’s works were seen as crucial Art Deco pieces as they were able to seamlessly blend fashion and artistic expression. As his portraits were characterized by bold colors, smooth lines, and graphic stylization, Lepape injected an air of elegance that gave his works an appealing aesthetic.

Georges Lepape Art,

- Sources

https://99designs.co.uk/blog/design-history-movements/art-nouveau-design/

https://www.europeana.eu/en/exhibitions/art-nouveau-a-universal-style/origins-of-art-nouveau

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-industrial-design/9781491920381/ch01.html

https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/419279/young-designers-showcase-collections-inspired-by-industrial-revolution-4-0.html

https://essayfrolic.wordpress.com/2017/05/30/art-deco-an-artistic-response-to-industrialization/

https://medium.com/@brandywilletts/how-the-industrial-revolution-impacted-graphic-design-6140fad2cca

https://artincontext.org/famous-art-deco-artists/

http://luc.devroye.org/fonts-54976.html

https://www.hatchshowprint.com/haley-gallery/restrikes

https://blog.drupa.com/en/pioneers-printing-ottmar-mergenthaler-2/

https://www.rit.edu/press/history-linotype-company-softcover

https://guides.loc.gov/american-women-prints-photographs/graphic-journalism-illustration/weeklies

https://ncna.dh.chass.ncsu.edu/imageanalytics/history.php

https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/history-saturday-evening-post/

https://brewminate.com/mid-victorians-and-their-food/

https://visualartsdepartment.wordpress.com/the-victorian-era/

[the-paintrist]

Eugène Samuel Grasset (25 May 1845 – 23 October 1917) was a Swiss decorative artist who worked in Paris, France in a variety of creative design fields during the Belle Époque. He is considered a pioneer in Art Nouveau design.

Art Nouveau (lit. 'New Art') is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash lines, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces. It was popular between 1890 and 1910 during the Belle Époque period, and was a reaction against the academicism, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decorative art.

One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics, jewellery and metal work. The style responded to leading 19-century theoreticians, such as French architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) and British art critic John Ruskin (1819–1900). In Britain, it was influenced by William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement. German architects and designers sought a spiritually uplifting Gesamtkunstwerk ('total work of art') that would unify the architecture, furnishings, and art in the interior in a common style, to uplift and inspire the residents.

The first Art Nouveau houses and interior decoration appeared in Brussels in the 1890s, in the architecture and interior design of houses designed by Paul Hankar, Henry van de Velde, and especially Victor Horta, whose Hôtel Tassel was completed in 1893. It moved quickly to Paris, where it was adapted by Hector Guimard, who saw Horta's work in Brussels and applied the style to the entrances of the new Paris Métro. It reached its peak at the 1900 Paris International Exposition, which introduced the Art Nouveau work of artists such as Louis Tiffany. It appeared in graphic arts in the posters of Alphonse Mucha, and the glassware of René Lalique and Émile Gallé.

From Britain, Belgium and France, Art Nouveau spread to the rest of Europe, taking on different names and characteristics in each country (see Naming section below). It often appeared not only in capitals, but also in rapidly growing cities that wanted to establish artistic identities (Turin and Palermo in Italy; Glasgow in Scotland; Munich and Darmstadt in Germany), as well as in centres of independence movements (Helsinki in Finland, then part of the Russian Empire; Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain).

By 1914, with the beginning of the First World War, Art Nouveau was largely exhausted. In the 1920s, it was replaced as the dominant architectural and decorative art style by Art Deco and then Modernism. The Art Nouveau style began to receive more positive attention from critics in the late 1960s, with a major exhibition of the work of Hector Guimard at the Museum of Modern Art in 1970.

Eugène Grasset.

[vvanite]

Art Deco and TAZ Graduation

- Episode 30 "Take your Firbolg to Work Day

I know Travis probably made his choice to have the H.O.G. headquarters be designed with Art Deco for aesthetic purposes and didn't think of its function to the world of Nua BUT his choice is a really great accidental component that adds onto the world building in Nua and to one of the core problems that Graduation addresses involving the systemic nature of Nua. In this essay, I-

(And then I proceed to actually write the essay hidden below. FAIR WARNING: This is extremely long. If you want to learn about Modern Art History and how it ties into Graduation, this is your lucky day.)

This analysis/essay is going to be meta in terms of using evidence from real world events but it is needed to explain the history behind Art Deco and help us relate to the themes of Graduation. I think it’s clear to see how the systems and people in power in Graduation are influenced from the way our governments are now so I don’t think these connections are distant, rather closer together than we think.

Also, before we continue, I want to direct you to this lovely post made by a dear user and friend, Michelle/ fitzroythecreator, LINK HERE

She explains what she believes to be a core theme of graduation that I agree with and have integrated into this essay. Check it out <3

Before I can explain how Art Deco is tied into Graduation's core theme, I need to lay out definitions and context to art movements in the early 20th century. Along the way, I will make connections to the world of Nua and how real-life events in the early 20th century actually can relate to Graduation and its worldbuilding.

Let’s address what is Art Deco. Art Deco started as an art and architecture movement during the early 20th century (1900s). Most people are familiar with its aesthetics of geometric designs and influence of industrialization because of the roaring 20s era and many media influenced by it. Do you wonder why it was popularized in the US? It’s because during the great depression in the US, public buildings, more importantly federal government buildings, were commissioned to have this aesthetic thus it would have more publicity and access to the public. The H.O.G. headquarters could easily be compared to this event because it shares similar attributes of being a public government building.

With this information, it would be really interesting to imagine the timing of Graduation being set around the early 20th century. Art Deco gives us a time period to compare what kind of social events Nua could have faced similar to the real world. The modern period of the 1850s-1950s was a time when people were disinterested and scared of the changes that industrialism made in their daily lives. People were frustrated with the changes made in their lives and sought out ways to cope with the changes through escapism. In Graduation, I would argue that we see this skepticism and wariness in the characters about the changes Nua’s Socioeconomic systems made in their lives and society in general. A good example would be the student NPCs and their insistence that their hero and villain titles are just labels since they have been stripped from their original meanings. They still somewhat criticize the structure while upholding it. As the campaign progresses, we meet various characters who are very critical to Nua’s current orderly system such as Order and Gordie. In fact, despite their roles in society being vastly different, they both share the same opinions that the system is unjust as it hurts people thus there needs to be a push for change. I am not trying to label the time of Graduation to be around the 1900s, rather whatever year Graduation happens is in parallel to the events of the 1900s.

When I first heard Travis say, Art Deco, I was interested but disappointed it wasn’t Art Nouveau. My original thinking was because of Art Nouveau’s elitism of making the architecture more artistic and complex that only educated rich people can understand and less functional for the average citizen. A lot of the art displays during the art movement were held in house museums that were limited to rich eyes. I thought this reasoning made sense in terms of the H.O.G. headquarters being this elite building common people can’t comprehend. However, with continuous thought, it clicked. Art Deco fits so well.

Art Deco was meant to be a direct response to Art Nouveau and the Arts and Crafts movement. (And many more but for the sake of simplicity, sticking to these two major ones) Both movements share similarities of the desire to make total works of art.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

For art Nouveau in architecture, that is more on its aesthetics of stylized curving forms, thus it creates uniqueness with the architecture. For the Arts and Crafts movement in Europe, they focused on the importance of the craftsmanship and quality. The thing about the movement is that it’s heavily influenced by socialist values and the distaste for industrialism. Both art movements were diverse in style and locations globally. Because both took place internationally, there was no determined manifesto or structures for artists to adhere to. Another thing is both movements had lots of ornamentation which takes great skill and time to put into the works. By doing this, it would make the works more unique aspects to its character, however more time consuming and difficult to replicate.

Art Deco takes response to this because critics felt like these movements were outdated for the growing industrialism happening during the early 20th century. Art Deco focuses on sleek geometric design meant to be reproduced easily thanks to industries and have more emphasis on its function rather than aesthetics. It’s meant to be functional to accommodate for the new technologies of the 20th century.

So, let’s recap, in the late 19th century, two movements, focused on the style which had no concrete structures to adhere to and had the goal to make total works of art that is reliant on itself, are then replaced by Art Deco, a movement focused on its aesthetic to be mass produced easily and have a stronger focus on the form of the architecture to serve its functions. Does Art Deco sound similar to a number of Socioeconomic systems placed in Nua?

One of the key ideals of Art Deco is Functionalism. Art Deco is one of the many architectural movements in the early 20th century that decided to focus on function rather than aesthetics. What is functionalism? It is the idea that everything works as an integrated whole and that all the different components of a larger system are designed to work together. It is orderly. Architecture in the early 20th century was designed to suit the needs of the space. For example, each element of an office buildings would be designed and organized to suit that place. This ideal is more emphasized after the Great Depression in America where architects shifted their focus on the Streamline Moderne, where they aimed to make structures practical to the demands of real life and remove the emotional aspects of expressionist art.

Travis’s little choice to pick Art Deco is tied to a core theme of Graduation of dismantling the standards and structures set in Nua. It’s so brilliant yet unintentional. I know Travis hasn’t read up on modern art history. I hope by reading through, you can spot Art Deco’s need for creating limitation to focus on the functions and how it benefits the whole system. It doesn’t allow for the emotional aspects that Art Nouveau and the Art and Crafts movements held. Nua’s system follow the same thing. Everyone has a function in the socioeconomic system that has limitations meant to exploit the work labor and functions of the individual. The system leaves no room for indivduals to have growth to create real change. That’s not a flaw of the system. The system is literally designed to be that way with its many rules and standards. It's impossible to break away from it without being punished by the system itself. You need to function within its rules and have practical skills to contribute to the system. Your independent nature is stripped away. By having Art Deco be a core aesthetic design for the H.O.G. Headquarters, Art Deco ITSELF is just another element in the architecture meant to serve its function of upholding the ideology of order that H.O.G. and the world of Nua has. This orderly system has replaced the wild world that Higglemas in episode 12 remembers.

“I remember... the world when it was wild. Not sophisticated and ordered and... bureaucratic, like it is now.”