#wageless

[alchemisland]

Drug abusing poetic muse amuser

I am but a sound

Handless foreknowledge thing yet formed

Wheel of my wants by me neither turned nor designed

Wheel of mind greased by green, smiling hearing grinders

Grinding teeth never dreaming, foregoing life and self-esteem

Forgetting deeds, good or bad

Weeping for forgetting only; weed steals

From me what is me, quintessence.

.

Inventing reasons for inebriation’s needs

Fleeing that with which I cannot deal

Screaming truth in hot pursuit

Cancer now what once was loot

Flashing zoot summoning ghosts

Anything to become unlucid

Dragging dragging coughing hacking

Cockrow coughing like a hag thrice my age

Stoop-backed sticklespine

Spluttering green horrorshow into outhouse bowl

Tasting death in my throat.

.

Abusing drugs, amusing Lucifer whose lightning fascinates

I am lucent, fogged eyes moving sidewise

Looser looser, loosed my leash Fenrir at Ragnarök

Seasonlong joint-baiting, inhaling until alien in own life

Writing pages, wageless gospels none want or ask for

Yet bears forth, wearing infertile fruits

Shootless saplings, borndeadapples

Verse conveying nothing, signifying nothing, tuneless rebellion

I am my own father’s ear-dead ghost, haunting my own battlements

Never choosing battles, fleet dashed at Actium for Cleopatra’s snatch.

.

Born in August

Prince of swords bladespirit Musashi, Emperor yet inaugust

Chained to worry, talk and snide remark, denying darkness

Affinity for Taurus ends at my borders, selfish to last

It is this way I unmask, with laughing and contrasting

I am this and was that

You are this and I am that

Such exacting mathemacting

Type to be divorced not for cruelty but due her boredom.

.

All I am exists in mind, all flight and fantasy

Pomp and crude manmade destiny

Otherwise a thing frightened, furtive

Going gingerly daytreading vixen

Admix: fiction, fool, coward or king day dependent

Motley and purple alternating

What moustachioed villain laughing evilly, dear Horatio,

Plots my disastrous courses and rots my nations?

[ammonitetestpatterns]

where do you play your games on?

i don't have many personal belongings, i am wageless and expatriated, reliant on the generosity of another, loosing silicon and paper traces, transmitter imprints. a daemonic attachment to the sensuous, the assail of intuition with drudgery and consumerism, the hoarder's false icons, make me feel like the unfolded haplotic and unstipulated sincerity/reality put to a long art or lifework (bildung, too fraught a term?) is capsized and stung to sea, seven of pentacles reversed. everyday i wish i had the courage to crush my electronics with a sledgehammer. solitary gaming is not as open in creative capacity or spiral staircase entry nailings to a self remade time, such that i would channel energy toward console acquisition, i take pride in loyally resigning myself to my snes and pewter. i have a fondness for archaic adventure games, druidic mysteries and visual novels for laughing matters, relished through a windows 98 install on my partner's IBM personal computer 300GL, or by the phosphor ghost blots of a senior partner. it even smells gamey to shuffle through secondhand floppy disc galleries in total dark, waiting for the occasional weird raster hatched erotica to perk up on screen, at which we cheer grotesquely, snarling at the scroll of a mutating relationship to sexuality and the pleasure of seeing from its shining chest. a few years ago i wanted to extract the audio files from the disc image for the apple II GS version of dream zone, but that never came to fruition. our latest tiny task was to burn LSD dream emulator onto a CDR to run on a scrap playstation, its function frontally for a shop display but tacitly for the elevation of the tinker's enterprise, inspired by a recent hangout/accompanied guy time, prowling through his friend's save after questioning him on the unmistakable jewel case tucked atop a shelf to which he confessed its artifice. a chain of CRTs flashed the signal in unison, tied by a wire baton. i tried to yank him over but he was too determined to beat solitaire for old time's sake. magnetized, looping his appearance, the grey man strung a sightline to my rehearsals of fragmentation, arterial gown trains unbunching at the happy town tunnel, a pulse caught under steel. the day after my birthday, riding the tryptaminic ease out, parting the beaux arts sculpting the energy transmuted and consolidated in everything, we passed back and forth a cigarette of damiana, mullein, mugwort and skullcap as the sidewalk furrowed in droves of feet around us, alterior forms aflit, reduced to fluid evaporating to city air and poison fume curvature, the cut and concourse of skirt and skins, egrets nimble under raincloud parasols, porcelain scales tiptoeing. suddenly we saw heaven, must have been choked with the hilarity. a republic of gamers sign suspended, golden, guarding over an otherwise unmarked and rather diffident black door. we pressed our palms in the shape of prayer and bowed madly, finally there was our patriotic salvation, our asylum from the warmongering of the senses. a spatial special fit for the homophone from which ojigi reached reverence in the stitch between motion and the telepathic speech act. gratitude flies me, makes me weightless over the magnitude, the rock split on the activity to which i am lent, weighed with how much is lost, an impossible proportion when your blood, importance is barred and equanimity toward enmity, the nobility in withholding, whittles its sentinel smoke to an ineffective hell. the cow toils, having total access and acclimation to the sensuous and knowing its bounds against the hope for knowledge.

this is all too internet, i need naivist abandon, smarter than any lionized sprezzatura for it is not false, unspoiled by any social simulacral mediation of the network and its orgiastic, explosive exchange of desire pumping its endlessly denied and yet compulsively prioritized platelets into a vile differencing creature suspended in a vat. apathetic to the body, sterile for its oversight, spying on cellular caresses, dalliances swallowing over the lines of separation, sporelike. i want a reality innocent for its inheritance of every ill of the inwit flayed across arrangements of matter and time, the well of history, memory drawn out and in. so that i may be the ὀπαῖον ῥέπον, lantern hole, heaven entry, night heavy, lowered as a sleepy maid's fragile eyelashes on silver moonpan'd summer, the scale dipping and the counter weight forcing a flounce, folding desolation and dissonant intension to rest. i refuse to allow the unrelenting bloodloss of the worldly profane to stain me, but i can hope to be its small medic.

[possibly-poetry]

World War I

Well well well

Winding wind whistles

Well well well

When will wells’ wishes work

Wishing wells won’t work

Well well well

Wandering wakes weary wallowers

Winding wells

With waiters wading water

With who will wage workers waitingly waltz

When wageless waitresses wade waistline waters

When will waiters and waitresses wage wars?

Wars wash wails

World War warps wages

[thefishbread]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[pubmusiclife]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[stylelifeso]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[lifestylebulgaria]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[hupplife]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[teenlifest]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[hookahlifestyle]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[heartlifestyle]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[tarilaran]

According to US case law, strippers are generally classified as employees.

Case law is unsettled as to whether they're FLSA exempt (under the heading "Creative professionals") but it seems that courts lean towards non-exempt.

Generally strippers are tipped, waged employees, and thus are required to be paid at least $2.13 per hour cash wage, and up to $7.25 if their tips don't bring them up to minimum. (she obviously doesn't have that issue.) I'd be willing to estimate 30% of that income is padded for clout, but $500-1000 nights is a figure I've seen before. Comments in the notes indicate this number is unreasonably high however. I wouldn't be surprised if that figure varies with seasonality and seniority. (IE more senior strippers get to work center stage or on known big days where cash flows freely).

Cash and non cash tips are income, and therefore subject to income tax. However, cash is notoriously easy to hide and only 0.1% of workers in the $100k-$200k range were audited in 2019 (per IRS data book). Committing tax fraud is a bad idea that you should not do.

While stripping as a career seems lucrative, it's also an industry rife with abuse. Common (and possibly illegal) practices include:

Stage rental

Fees for being late to the club

Non-compete agreements

Required tip sharing with the DJ

Wageless work

Dangerous work conditions

Strippers are not empowered to litigate against their employers due to the "shameful" nature of their work, and lawsuits against clubs have been thrown out because stripper plaintiffs refused to file non-pseudonymously. Strippers in Nevada and LA have made attempts at unionizing, most recently in 2022.

Finally, it's hard work. Strippers are athletes doing hard exercise for hours every night, and artists designing and improvising sets and costumes as the night requires. It takes a toll on body and mind that eventually exacts financial penance.

[minotaur-in-my-labyrinth]

It's weird how Christians will focus on that verse in Thessalonians where the prime original asshole of Christianity PAUL said that those who do not work shall not eat, but completely disregard that verse in Proverbs where it says the love of money is the root of all evil.

Cuz it's like, "Man if only there was an economic system that was wageless, cashless, and classless where everyone did the work they are best suited for and receive what they need in return."

A system like that would certainly be in accordance with both of these, right? If only there was centuries of theoretical writings and models that describe one such system.

[thefishbread]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[pubmusiclife]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.

[stylelifeso]

Economic Transformations in Bulgaria

From Turkish Domination to Industrialization

Turkish Rule and Agrarian Economy (1396-1878)

For five centuries, from 1396 to 1878, Bulgaria endured Turkish domination, maintaining an agrarian economy with features reminiscent of medieval serfdom. In the latter part of the 18th century, Turkish landlords leased vast landholdings through izpolitza or kisim systems. In the izpolitza, farmers paid half of their yield to landlords as rent, while the kisim system predetermined rent, irrespective of yield.

Urbanization and Industrialization (Late 18th Century)

Urbanization and industrialization gained momentum toward the late 18th century, leading to a rise in urban population and non-agrarian occupations. This shift modified the primitive agrarian economy to align with the growing demands of urban markets. The 1834 land reform significantly impacted large landholders, fostering increased ownership of medium and small farms. The reform also marked the elimination of angaria, or wageless farm-work. Districts like Plovdiv and Pazardzhik saw crop specialization, with rice cultivation in Plovdiv and the production of rose oil in Karlovo and Kazanluk Guided Istanbul Tours.

Artisan Work and Craftsmanship (First Half of 19th Century)

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the zenith of artisan work in Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire’s demand for products like coarse woolen cloth, belts, knitted socks, yarn, leather goods, and hardware fueled the growth of craftsmanship. Craftsmen, organized in corporative groups akin to medieval European guilds, followed a strict hierarchy of apprentices, journeymen, and grandmasters. These organizations aimed to regulate production and minimize competition.

“Scattered Manufactory” System and Early Industrialization

The “scattered manufactory” system brought an economic expansion, where affluent merchants supplied raw materials to artisans, receiving finished products in return. These products, including yarn and aba cloth, were then sold in the Turkish market. The initial steps towards industrialization were marked by the establishment of the first machine-run weaving factory in Sliven in 1838.