#university of cracow

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Nicolaus Copernicus was born in the Polish city of Torun in 1473 and benefited from a superb education after being enrolled at the University of Cracow at 18 by his influential uncle, the Bishop of Warmia.

"Human Universe" - Professor Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen

[yellowmanula]

🙏🏼😶‍🌫️🔥 wbijać

[qpsqoo]

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Gold nanoparticles kill cancer—but not as thought

Gold particles of the size of billionths of a meter are lethal to cancer cells. This fact has been known for a long time, as has a simple correlation: The smaller the nanoparticles used to fight the cancer cells, the faster they die. However, a more interesting, more complex picture of these interactions is emerging from the latest research, conducted at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, using a novel microscopic technique. Smaller kills faster—this is what was previously thought about gold nanoparticles used to fight cancer cells. Scientists thought that small nanoparticles would simply find it easier to penetrate the interior of a cancer cell, where their presence would lead to metabolic disturbances and ultimately cell death. The reality, however, turns out to be more complex, as demonstrated by research carried out by scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow, supported by theoretical analysis performed at the University of Rzeszow (UR) and Rzeszow University of Technology.

Read more.

[haneys]

hi guys, life update:

I got accepted to university. I didn't think I'd stand a chance, yet I got in ALL the ones I applied to. I still can't believe it. I sent my applications for forestry in Cracow and Lublin, environmental protection in Cracow. Past these months I've been also thinking teslly seriously about going I to ohysical therapy instead of forestry, and I decided to give it a shot at Uniwersytet Jagielloński in Cracow. I got in. Out of the 995 people applying, I got 10th place on the list. This is one of the most important unis in Poland, and also one of the oldest unis in the Europe overall. It genuelly doesn't feel real, I thoight there was some sort of a mistake, I checked everything to make sure I didn't somehow mess up and it's all a fluke, but no. I'm in.

It's been 3 years and hoenstly I kinda lost hope that if ever go to uni at this point. I also had no idea I would give up forestry for physio but here we are? I'm gonna miss Warsaw so much, I reslly fell in love with this city. I've been here for almost a year and a half, and it still feel so magical and special to me. I don't like Cracow, but it'll be very close to my town, my family, a lot of my friends. I'm gonna miss my job here at subway so terribly tho, I'm tearing up just thinking about it. I'm not ready to be done with it... Working there has brought me so much joy, made me feel accomplished and proud of myself. And the people there are special too. Also, all of the friends I've made here, especially the girls I've been living with... Lord.

Things are kinda really grim when it comes to things like my parents jobs, healths, things in my family overall, a lot of difficult things have been happening, and still happen as we speak, so it's not easy sailing from here at all, but I just really wanted to share the college information because!!!!Wjat the fuck! I've been a busy bee, working hard and it's been an uphill battle non-stop, so I'm barely ever on here anymore but to all friends and mutuals: I miss you guys :) I hope everything is well with you all. Wish me luck with the college thing. Whatever happens, I'm still a tumblerina at heart ❤️

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

European X-ray laser explores a poorly understood state of matter

The properties of warm dense matter have until recently been little known. Now, thanks to the use of X-ray lasers, physicists are gaining more and more information about this important but still mysterious state of matter. The first comprehensive observations of ionisation processes in warm dense matter, carried out at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), have just been presented in one of the most prestigious physics journals.

State of matter with a temperature of a few thousand degrees and a high density, close to that of a solid, can be found, among others, in the interiors of brown dwarfs or gaseous planets. Although common in the Universe, it is very difficult to be produced and analysed in the laboratory. A new era in experimental research of this so-called warm dense matter (WDM) state began just a dozen years ago, when physicists launched the first free-electron X-ray lasers. At the forefront of this type of device is the nearly 3.5 km-long European XFEL laser. A series of experiments recently carried out there made it possible to observe for the first time how quickly a metal transforms into the exotic state of ionised WDM to become transparent (non-absorbing) to X-rays at the end of the process. The achievement of the international team of scientists – including those from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow – is discussed in a paper published in the journal Nature Physics.

X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) are used to generate high-intensity X-ray pulses lasting single femtoseconds, i.e. millionths of a billionth of a second. These can be used to study the structure of matter at atomic length scales and to track phenomena on extremely short time scales. One of only a dozen such devices in the world is the European XFEL in Hamburg, built in cooperation with the DESY research centre.

“In our experiment at the European XFEL, we illuminated copper samples with X-ray pulses lasting 15 femtoseconds, using different, gradually increasing intensities”, Prof. Beata Ziaja-Motyka (IFJ PAN, DESY) introduces the experiment. The first author of the paper in question, Dr. Laurent Mercadier from the European XFEL, adds some physical details: “When a single X-ray laser pulse reached the material, it caused strong ionisation. The electrons released in the process were characterised by high temperatures. Under these extreme conditions, the copper was transformed into a state of warm dense matter. We meticulously recorded how much radiation passed through the matter and from this inferred the ionisation changes in the observed system.”

Simulations carried out using the BOLTZMANN SOLVER software, developed since 2004 at DESY by Prof. Ziaja-Motyka, were particularly helpful in interpreting the measurement results. This tool was used to simulate changes in the electronic occupancy of individual energy levels in WDM depending on the intensity of the incident laser radiation.

By confronting experimental data with simulations, it was established that when the X-ray intensity becomes sufficiently high, atoms of WDM become strongly ionised. As a result of this phenomenon, new energy levels appear which can be occupied by excited electrons – making WDM opaque for photons resonant with transitions to these new energy levels. These states had already been observed previously with optical lasers, however, the lasers’ energy limitations did not allow them to be studied in more detail. Now, thanks to the European X-ray laser XFEL, it is possible to characterise them accurately also in response to various intensities of X-ray pulses. In accordance with theoretical predictions for X-ray absorption spectra, prepared by Dr. Joshua Kas (University of Washington, USA) and Dr. Andrei Benediktovitch (DESY, Hamburg), it was further observed that with increasing the laser intensity the warm dense matter becomes first opaque and then – at highest intensities – transparent to the laser pulse.

“The appearance of ‘transparency’ – i.e. lack of absorption – in WDM is a consequence of the high ionisation of WDM atoms occurring at sufficiently high X-ray pulse intensities. The energy of the X-ray photons available in the experiment then becomes too small to excite further electrons. As a result, these photons cannot be absorbed by the warm dense matter at all,” explains Prof. Ziaja-Motyka.

Knowledge of the properties of warm dense matter and the processes taking place within it is not only of astrophysical, but also of practical, engineering importance. Matter in this state plays an important role in certain types of controlled nuclear fusion (ICF – Inertial Confinement Fusion), and also appears during the ablation of metallic heat shields of spacecraft returning from orbit to Earth.

The team of physicists at the European X-ray XFEL laser, led by Prof. Nina Rohringer (DESY, Universität Hamburg), intends to continue research into the electron and ionisation processes occurring in WDM and their dynamics. On the Polish side, the work is co-financed by the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

IMAGE: Warm dense matter occurs inside Jupiter-type giant planets (where it surrounds the rocky core as a metallic liquid at a temperature of many thousands of kelvin) and in the interiors of small stars – brown dwarfs. Credit Source: IFJ PAN / NASA

[yukiooflive]

BlackStar Theater Starless - Animation

Hi I'm a 3rd year student at Tischner European University in Cracow. I am working on a thesis project to create 3D models for an animated version of BlackStar  - Theater Starless. If you can take a moment to complete it. the survey is anonymous!

Thank you so much!

[dragoneyes618]

"In 1979, Yaffa Eliach, herself a survivor, served on a fact-finding mission for President Carter's Commission on the Holocaust, during which she and other commssion members visited Auschwitz. That evening was the night of Tisha Be'Av, the Jewish fast that commemorates the destruction of both Temples, and commission members attended services at the ancient Rema Synagogue in Cracow. One member, Miles Lerman, the sole survivor of a large family, banged on the table at the front of the synagogue and announced that he was summoning God to a Din Torah (a Jewish court). Lerman then proceeded to state his grievances:

"God! How could you stay here when next door [is] Auschwitz?....Where were you when all over Europe your sons and daughters were burning on altars? What did you do when my sainted father and mother marched to their deaths? When my sisters and brothers were put to the sword?"

Lerman, who knew that Eliach had seen her own mother murdered in front of her eyes, walked over to her: "Do you want to say a few words?" he asked. Eliach refused to speak, and later confided to her diary why:

"I have no quarrel with God, only with men! I, too, want a trial, but not at the Rema Synagogue....I would put on trial each Western University and library, for harboring millions of malicious words written against an ancient people, words like murderous daggers hiding beneath the cloak of science and truth....I want to bring to trial the pulpits of countless churches where hate was burning like eternal lights...I want to try...the train conductors with their little red flags for conducting traffic as usual. I want to bring to trial the doctors in their white coats who killed so casually...I want to bring to trial a civilization for whom man was such a worthless being. But to bring God to trial? On what charges? For giving men the ability to choose between good and evil?" - Yaffa Eliach, Hasidic Tales After the Holocaust, pages 212-213

- Jewish Wisdom, Rabbit Joseph Telushkin, pages 305-306

[thatsitso]

Hiii pinned post time, little update on all my stuff

Merch

I recently opened an Etsy store 🎉

With some of my stickers and pins, keychains coming soon too :3

I also post them on my Vinted

And for my Polish folk, I'll be tabling at Magnificon Winter Expo in Cracow~

Commissions

My commissions waitlist is open! Dm me if you're interested

Here are my prices and some examples ↓

I also do digital paintings, realism, redraws of different styles, can do some traditional art,, anything you might be interested in just ask lol, will be priced individually

Some more examples here and for sketches here

My art

On this blog you can find all my drawings under the tag #my art, and commissions I did under #commission

Socials

I'm on other social media as well; Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, Pinterest, YouTube, @/thatsitso everywhere!

On TikTok and Instagram Reels I post weekly sketchbook recaps, if that might interest u :]]

Sometimes I post my (LPS) (but not only) photography on Instagram @/carmellps

Me

You can call me Itso, I use she/they pronouns, currently 19 and in my second year of university studying Visual Arts 😺

My favourite series still and forever is Magi 🫶, but I'm also very into Witch Hat Atelier, Trigun, Omniscient Reader's Viewpoint, Moomins, Ranking of Kings, Lupin III, No Home and the most underrated manga ever Hirayasumi. Although my posts are still all over the place and in many fandoms lol, I often post my art studies and sketches too

For digital art I use Krita (we love Krita)

That's it for now I think, if you have any questions my dms and asks are always open :]

[mybeingthere]

Marianna Stuhr (born 1982, Poland) is a graduate of the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow. She also obtained the title of doctor of arts after doctoral studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. She received several awards in graphic and painting competitions. Her works are in private and public collections, incl. at Fondazione Italo-Svedese in Venice, in the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow collection, the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and the University of Connecticut.

The artist created a series of paintings inspired by distant galaxies and the processes taking place there.

[skinzchoerim]

Bump Up Business - a Polish romcom?

The white poster is an interesting phenomenon in Polish cinema, because it's a tell-tale sign that the romcom it advertises is, well... bad. The Bump Up Business poster may be white, but if it avoids these 10 things that happened in bad Polish romcoms, it's far superior to them in quality. Dedicated to @sapphonoticeme who was keen to learn about the art of a bad Polish romcom.

1. The main character watches as their partner cheats on them in a public place, i.e. their car or a glass elevator in a glass building. Bonus point if it's on the day of their wedding.

2. The huge city the plot takes place in is actually really small, with only one coffee shop, one restaurant, one nightclub, one hotel, and the characters bump into each other all the fucking time.

3. The huge city the plot takes place is can only be Warsaw or Cracow, people from other cities don't fall in love. If a character isn't from these two cities, they're from the countryside.

4. The main character and their one true love bump into each other in a literal sense, often involving a car, and the more random the situation, the better. Nobody ever gets seriously hurt, unless you consider falling in love at first sight a sign of internal damage.

5. The plot is just a series of coincidences: characters meeting, characters talking, characters fighting, there's little to no motive and decision making that goes into it. Consistent characterization is a foreign concept, there're just plot points that need to happen.

6. There must be a really obvious ad moment that's completely divorced from the plot, i.e. drawing the audience's attention to a brand of sausage by having the characters throw it into a salad and proceed to talk about it. Berlinki.

7. If there's a foreign character, they speak perfect Polish unless it's a word like yes or thank you, which they keep forgetting. Additionally, Polish characters who are supposed to be "modern" and "cool" will throw in random English words, sometimes translating them right away. Ja to jednak umiem z każdej porażki wykręcić success.

8. Old people and kids are the wisest people on earth. The only wise ones, actually. Adults are all dumb.

9. The characters watch a nostalgic montage of their romantic moments taken from the actual movie, filmed by the camera crew, not any in-universe characters.

10. Nobody stays single until the end. Bonus point if all the characters get married at the same time in the finale.

Bonus: 11. Tomasz Karolak and Mikołaj Roznerski are in the cast.

[minecraftdog]

no way are you polish? :0 I might be in Poland a bit this summer but I have no idea what kind of things I really need to try/see, do you have any recs? I know it’s a huge country but I feel like real people are way more helpful than the internet

omg hiii!!

it really is quite a bit country and it depends on where are you going to be? are you going to be in Warsaw? then seeing the castle and the old town, the park Łazienki Warszawskie with a Chopin statue. also very pretty place in Warsaw are the gardens on top of the university library. probably people who actually live in Warsaw are going to be more helpful here

you could see the biggest polish caste - Malbork, it's not that far from Warsaw. it's an old Teutonic order's castle and some night they do this lights and shadows show about ghosts, I remember it being super fun.

in every bigger city in Poland there's so many interesting things to see. in Cracow, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Poznań...

from lesser known places not in a big cities I loved a Krzyżtopór in Ujazd castle from XVII century that was the biggest palace building in Europe before the palace of Versailles was build. now it's mostly ruins but has this very nice entrance:

[dailyunsolvedmysteries-movedd]

The Skin Bodysuit Murder

On 12 November 1998, Katarzyna Zowada was due to meet her mother at the Psychiatric Clinic in Nowa Huta, where she had been treated for her depression. She never made it to the appointment. Later that day, Katarzyna’s mother attempted to file a missing person’s report at the local police station, but was told to wait.

On 6 January 1999, while on the Vistula, the crew of the Elk pusher tug found a piece of evidence on the ship. After examination, it was discovered to be human skin. DNA tests indicated it belonged to Katarzyna. On 14 January, Katarzyna’s right leg was also recovered from the river. Initially, it was assumed that the body had been destroyed by a propeller; however, when examining the body fragments found, it was found that the skin was removed from the torso on purpose and the limbs and head were cut off. The skin was prepared in such a way as to create a kind of bodysuit that the murderer was probably wearing.

A year later, the investigation was formally dropped because the perpetrator had not been discovered, but police officers involved in the case continued investigating credible leads.

In 2012, thanks to advances in the field of forensic research and cooperation with experts, the prosecutor’s office resumed the investigation. A team of police officers from the “X-Files” (cold case unit) was brought in. The exhumation and additional autopsy of Katarzyna’s remains were ordered. Experts from the 3D Expertise Laboratory of the Wrocław Medical University created a model of injuries inflicted on the victim. They concluded that the attacker had used a sharp tool to wound his victim on her neck, armpit and groin, to inflict pain and cause her to bleed to death.

In 2016, investigators consulted with University of Coimbra professor Duarte Nuno Vieira, a Portuguese specialist in forensics and UN expert in the field of signs of torture on the human body. He confirmed that Katarzyna was tortured before her death and that the perpetrator was probably trained in martial arts, specifically one particular, undisclosed variation.

On 4 October 2017, 19 years after the murder, police arrested 52-year old Robert Janczewski in Kraków’s Kazimierz district. Investigators searched his apartment and found blood in the bathroom. As a result, the bath and frame were secured for further testing. He was a person of interest in 1999 but had not been arrested.

Janczewski fit the psychological profile as he was trained in martial arts, knew the victim, visited the victim’s grave and had a history of harassing women. He had previously worked in a dissecting lab, where he dealt with human corpses. He also worked at the Cracow Institute of Zoology, where he could observe the process of preparing animal skins. His employment was terminated the day after he killed all of the institute’s rabbits during his shift. Janczewski couldn’t explain his actions.

The police detained him after a letter from the suspect’s friend. The contents of the letter are a closely guarded secret of the investigation.

Janczewski was charged with aggravated murder with particular cruelty. He maintains that he did not know Katarzyna Zowada.

[talesofpassingtime]

"I feel,” he wrote to me, when at one point I was unable to visit him for two weeks, “as had I studied in Cracow” -a turn of phrase I did not understand right off, not until I recalled that it was at the University of Cracow where magic had been publicly taught in the sixteenth century.

— Thomas Mann, Doctor Faustus

[seylaaurora]

I am still so salty about the Polish introduction video... you're really gonna show that modern building in Warsaw after the beautiful old university buildings of Ukraine and UK??? When Cracow is right there????

[thunderboltfire]

That's probably because if I'm right the painting doesn't show the coronation itself! The title is Queen Jadwiga's Oath, and it probably refers to the very specific oath she was forced to make in response to the accusations that she hasn't been faithful to her husband.

This issue stems from the fact she was actually bethrothed to a different man before - Wilhelm Habsburg, who was much closer to her age, and whom she knew since they were both children. It was rather obvious that she preferred to be married to him instead of much older Lithuanian duke (and if it wasn't clear enough, according to chronicler Jan Długosz she initially broke out of house arrest by breaking the door down with an axe). She only agreed to marry Jagiełło because she was very pious, and the possibility of the christianisation of Lithuania managed to convince her. Besides, there was no way to convince the nobles to agree for a Habsburg to sit on the Polish throne. From a perspective of time, it was a politically sound decision to turn towards Lithuania that spared Poland from becoming a sphere of direct Habsburg influence and ruled out further dynastic problems that could come with it, but nonetheless, for it to happen, Jadwiga had to sacrifice her personal interest on the altar of the reason of state.

The fact that Wilhelm Habsburg was present in the area at the time sparked controversy - also the fact that their bethrotal was theoretically a marriage on behalf of their families (sponsalia de futuro), that was supposed to be renewed by them and consummated when they were of age, sparked rumours of Jadwiga's unfaithfulness to Jagiełło and even accusations of bigamy. This led her to officially swear that she was never, and never was to be unfaithful to put an end to the rumours - that's the moment which is on the painting, and that's probably why the reactions in the background are so mixed.

Jadwiga is a fascinating historical figure - she was a peaceful monarch, but she didn't shy from war, when needed. She probably wasn't a decision maker for long (since in the beginning of her reign she was underage, and later she ruled alongside her husband), but she's remembered for her philantropy, piety and the legends praise her mercy and wisdom. She's donated her royal insignia to Cracow's university, which is why it's named Jagiellonian until this day. Unfortunately, she died rather young (she was 26 years old, ostheopathy says she could be 28-30 years old), from childbirth complications. Based on her skeleton, she was a tall woman (more than 170cm tall), with a rectangular face. I've heard some historians speculate that her skeleton bearing some typically male characteristics, like narrow and long pelvis and strong jaw might be an indication of her being intersex, which could be the cause of her problems with conception and childbirth, but I don't think there's been any research that would offer the definitive proof of it.

In any way, while (especially 19th century) iconography and historiography showcases her as a mild, almost angelic personality, I think her actions, both as a ruler and as a queen, show significant resolve and intelligence, with her trials to diplomatically resolve the conflicts with the Teutonic order, balancing between admitting her rights to Hungarian crown and maintaining positive relations with her brother-in-law, donations to education and establishment of hospitals.

She's one of the most loved monarchs in our history, and I think she earned it.

Also I love the fact that her much later, neogothic tombstone placed a dog under her feet as a symbol of loyalty. The tombstone is decorative, as she's actually buried in her favourite place of prayer - under so-called 'black crucifix' in the side aisle of the cathedral. She's also been canonised as a saint of Catholic church.

HISTORY MEME | 1/10 moments: Jadwiga is Crowned King of Poland.

The coronation ceremony that took place in the Wawel Cathedral in Krakow on 16 October 1384 was truly a splendid event: Polish nobles spared no expenses and the grandeur of the coronation impressed everyone present. But the historical significance was even greater. For one thing, the young girl who was being crowned (only 11 years old at the time) was to go down in history as one of Poland’s greatest and most beloved Monarchs. And for another, the aforementioned lady was crowned not as Queen of Poland (as would be expected considering her gender) but as King.

There is no humorous tale of a mix-up: the decision was made for quite practical reasons. Polish law was very specific that the ruler had to be King – but it did not state the King had to be a male. And so instead of re-writing the law and to emphasise the fact Jadwiga was a ruler in her own right, it was decided she should be crowned as Hedvig Rex Poloniæ (Hedwig, King of Poland) and not Hedvig Regina Poloniæ (Hedwig, Queen of Poland).