#ultralow

[thelovebudllc]

London's Ultra-Low Emission Zone Expansion Has Effectively Reduced Air Pollution, Report Finds

An Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) sign at the entrance to the zone in London, England on July 14, 2023. Carl Court / Getty Images Why you can trust us Founded in 2005 as an Ohio-based environmental newspaper, EcoWatch is a digital platform dedicated to publishing quality, science-based content on environmental issues, causes, and solutions. In London, the implementation and expansion of the…

[primepaginequotidiani]

PRIMA PAGINA Marca di Oggi mercoledì, 23 ottobre 2024

[michaelgabrill]

Breaking the Scaling Limits: New Ultralow-noise Superconducting Camera for Exoplanet Searches

When imaging faint objects such as distant stars or exoplanets, capturing every last bit of light is crucial to get the most out of a scientific mission. These cameras must be extremely low-noise, and be able to detect the smallest quantities of light—single photons.  Superconducting cameras excel in both of these criteria, but have historically […] from NASA https://ift.tt/05TRBqs

[labotronicsscientific]

Labotronics Scientific listed on ezlocal.com

Hello everyone we are on ezlocal.com please like and add a review which will be very helpful. Please find the link

[materialsscienceandengineering]

New flexible nanofiber material combines strong microwave absorption with exceptional thermal insulation

Recently, a research team led by Prof. Huang Zhulin from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully synthesized a flexible nanofiber felt with ultralow thermal conductivity and exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption properties. The findings are published in the Journal of Materiomics. With the rapid advancement of modern technologies, there is growing demand for materials that can efficiently absorb electromagnetic waves while also being lightweight, heat-resistant, and durable under extreme conditions. However, current carbon-based materials, though widely used, often suffer from poor impedance matching and limited performance in harsh environments.

Read more.

[cipheramnesia]

I'm fascinated that a movie called Killer Piñata can both underwhelm so much while exceeding my expectations. It's very clearly a microbudget movie but managing its resources so well that everything looks and feels several orders of magnitude better quality than most microbudget films. It takes its time building up to the murderous piñata rage and developing characters, competently sets up the premise without it feeling like stiff actors delivering explainer dialog. Thanks to a little bit of careful camera angles the practical effects look, well not great, but passable and significantly better than budget CGI. It's even got some decent writing ("You'd be the pretties person in the room, if I wasn't here") so overall very interesting to watch in terms of seeing what can be made with an ultralow budget.

That said it also falls into some of the shittier tendencies of horror movies with the black guy dying first, the Nice Guy character, and a tiny little dash of homophobia and transphobia. So, that's disappointing.

Overall interesting for study regardless.

[bohemianlayaboutdisorder]

Stretching out my ultralow miss sixty jeans on my bike ride today

[nullarysources]

Superconductivity researcher who committed misconduct exits university

Dan Garisto for Nature:

Ranga Dias, a once bright star in the field of superconductivity who has been enmeshed in a public scandal for the past two years, is no longer employed by his university.

Dias claimed to have discovered superconductors — materials in which electrons flow without any resistance — that could operate at high pressures and ambient temperatures. Previous materials of this type worked only at ultralow temperatures impractical for use in real-world devices. The purported breakthroughs shot Dias to fame and won him millions of dollars in research grants. But after physics sleuths scrutinized the extraordinary results and reported concerns to journals where they were published, several of Dias's papers were retracted. And an investigation by the University of Rochester in New York, where Dias was employed, concluded that he had committed extensive misconduct, including data fabrication.

The Wall Street Journal and Nature's news team previously reported that university administrators recommended Dias, who did not have tenure, be fired before his contract expired in June 2025. Now, Dias is out, although the university has declined to clarify whether he was fired. "Ranga Dias is no longer a University of Rochester employee, nor does he have any research activity connected to the University," a university spokesperson said in a statement. Dias did not respond to a request for comment.

Well, I guess that finishes up this thing I've posted about twice before

[jcmarchi]

New transistor’s superlative properties could have broad electronics applications

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/new-transistors-superlative-properties-could-have-broad-electronics-applications/

New transistor’s superlative properties could have broad electronics applications

In 2021, a team led by MIT physicists reported creating a new ultrathin ferroelectric material, or one where positive and negative charges separate into different layers. At the time they noted the material’s potential for applications in computer memory and much more. Now the same core team and colleagues — including two from the lab next door — have built a transistor with that material and shown that its properties are so useful that it could change the world of electronics.

Although the team’s results are based on a single transistor in the lab, “in several aspects its properties already meet or exceed industry standards” for the ferroelectric transistors produced today, says Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics, who led the work with professor of physics Raymond Ashoori. Both are also affiliated with the Materials Research Laboratory.

“In my lab we primarily do fundamental physics. This is one of the first, and perhaps most dramatic, examples of how very basic science has led to something that could have a major impact on applications,” Jarillo-Herrero says.

Says Ashoori, “When I think of my whole career in physics, this is the work that I think 10 to 20 years from now could change the world.”

Among the new transistor’s superlative properties:

It can switch between positive and negative charges — essentially the ones and zeros of digital information — at very high speeds, on nanosecond time scales. (A nanosecond is a billionth of a second.)

It is extremely tough. After 100 billion switches it still worked with no signs of degradation.

The material behind the magic is only billionths of a meter thick, one of the thinnest of its kind in the world. That, in turn, could allow for much denser computer memory storage. It could also lead to much more energy-efficient transistors because the voltage required for switching scales with material thickness. (Ultrathin equals ultralow voltages.)

The work is reported in a recent issue of Science. The co-first authors of the paper are Kenji Yasuda, now an assistant professor at Cornell University, and Evan Zalys-Geller, now at Atom Computing. Additional authors are Xirui Wang, an MIT graduate student in physics; Daniel Bennett and Efthimios Kaxiras of Harvard University; Suraj S. Cheema, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and an affiliate of the Research Laboratory of Electronics; and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi of the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan.

What they did

In a ferroelectric material, positive and negative charges spontaneously head to different sides, or poles. Upon the application of an external electric field, those charges switch sides, reversing the polarization. Switching the polarization can be used to encode digital information, and that information will be nonvolatile, or stable over time. It won’t change unless an electric field is applied. For a ferroelectric to have broad application to electronics, all of this needs to happen at room temperature.

The new ferroelectric material reported in Science in 2021 is based on atomically thin sheets of boron nitride that are stacked parallel to each other, a configuration that doesn’t exist in nature. In bulk boron nitride, the individual layers of boron nitride are instead rotated by 180 degrees.

It turns out that when an electric field is applied to this parallel stacked configuration, one layer of the new boron nitride material slides over the other, slightly changing the positions of the boron and nitrogen atoms. For example, imagine that each of your hands is composed of only one layer of cells. The new phenomenon is akin to pressing your hands together then slightly shifting one above the other.

“So the miracle is that by sliding the two layers a few angstroms, you end up with radically different electronics,” says Ashoori. The diameter of an atom is about 1 angstrom.

Another miracle: “nothing wears out in the sliding,” Ashoori continues. That’s why the new transistor could be switched 100 billion times without degrading. Compare that to the memory in a flash drive made with conventional materials. “Each time you write and erase a flash memory, you get some degradation,” says Ashoori. “Over time, it wears out, which means that you have to use some very sophisticated methods for distributing where you’re reading and writing on the chip.” The new material could make those steps obsolete.

A collaborative effort

Yasuda, the co-first author of the current Science paper, applauds the collaborations involved in the work. Among them, “we [Jarillo-Herrero’s team] made the material and, together with Ray [Ashoori] and [co-first author] Evan [Zalys-Geller], we measured its characteristics in detail. That was very exciting.” Says Ashoori, “many of the techniques in my lab just naturally applied to work that was going on in the lab next door. It’s been a lot of fun.”

Ashoori notes that “there’s a lot of interesting physics behind this” that could be explored. For example, “if you think about the two layers sliding past each other, where does that sliding start?” In addition, says Yasuda, could the ferroelectricity be triggered with something other than electricity, like an optical pulse? And is there a fundamental limit to the amount of switches the material can make?

Challenges remain. For example, the current way of producing the new ferroelectrics is difficult and not conducive to mass manufacturing. “We made a single transistor as a demonstration. If people could grow these materials on the wafer scale, we could create many, many more,” says Yasuda. He notes that different groups are already working to that end.

Concludes Ashoori, “There are a few problems. But if you solve them, this material fits in so many ways into potential future electronics. It’s very exciting.”

This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office, the MIT/Microsystems Technology Laboratories Samsung Semiconductor Research Fund, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Ramon Areces Foundation, the Basic Energy Sciences program of the U.S. Department of Energy, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Extraterrestrial chemistry with earthbound possibilities

Who are we? Why are we here? As the Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young song suggests, we are stardust, the result of chemistry occurring throughout vast clouds of interstellar gas and dust. To better understand how that chemistry could create prebiotic molecules — the seeds of life on Earth and possibly elsewhere — researchers investigated the role of low-energy electrons created as cosmic radiation traverses through ice particles. Their findings may also inform medical and environmental applications on our home planet.

Undergraduate student Kennedy Barnes will present the team’s results at the fall meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS Fall 2024 is a hybrid meeting being held virtually and in person Aug. 18-22; it features about 10,000 presentations on a range of science topics. 

“The first detection of molecules in space was made by Wellesley College alum Annie Jump Cannon more than a hundred years ago,” says Barnes, who, with fellow undergraduate Rong Wu, led this study at Wellesley, mentored by chemistry professor Christopher Arumainayagam and physics professor James Battat. Since Cannon’s discovery, scientists have been interested in finding out how extraterrestrial molecules form. “Our goal is to explore the relative importance of low-energy electrons versus photons in instigating the chemical reactions responsible for the extraterrestrial synthesis of these prebiotic molecules,” Barnes explains.

The few studies that previously probed this question suggested that both electrons and photons can catalyze the same reactions. Studies by Barnes and colleagues, however, hint that the prebiotic molecule yield from low-energy electrons and photons could be significantly different in space. “Our calculations suggest that the number of cosmic-ray-induced electrons within cosmic ice could be much greater than the number of photons striking the ice,” Barnes explains. “Therefore, electrons likely play a more significant role than photons in the extraterrestrial synthesis of prebiotic molecules.”

Aside from cosmic ice, her research into low-energy electrons and radiation chemistry also has potential applications on Earth. Barnes and colleagues recently studied the radiolysis of water, finding evidence of electron-stimulated release of hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxyl radicals, which destroy stratospheric ozone and act as damaging reactive oxygen species in cells.

“A lot of our water radiolysis research findings could be used in medical applications and medical simulations,” Barnes shares, offering the example of using high-energy radiation to treat cancer. “I once had a biochemistry professor say that humans are basically bags of water. So, other scientists are investigating how low-energy electrons produced in water affect our DNA molecules.”

She also says the team’s findings are applicable to environmental remediation efforts where wastewater is being treated with high-energy radiation, which produces large numbers of low-energy electrons that are assumed to be responsible for the destruction of hazardous chemicals.

Back to space chemistry, in attempting to better understand prebiotic molecule synthesis, the researchers didn’t limit their efforts to mathematical modeling; they also tested their hypothesis by mimicking the conditions of space in the lab. They use an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber containing an ultrapure copper substrate that they can cool to ultralow temperatures, along with an electron gun that produces low-energy electrons and a laser-driven plasma lamp that produces low-energy photons. The scientists then bombard nanoscale ice films with electrons or photons to see what molecules are produced.

“Although we have previously focused on how this research is applicable to interstellar submicron ice particles, it is also relevant to cosmic ice on a much larger scale, like that of Jupiter’s moon Europa, which has a 20-mile-thick ice shell,” says Barnes.

Thus, she suggests their research will help astronomers understand data from space exploration missions such as NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope as well as the Europa Clipper, initially expected to launch in October 2024. Barnes hopes that their findings will inspire other researchers to incorporate low-energy electrons into their astrochemistry models that simulate what happens within cosmic ices.

Barnes and colleagues are also varying the molecular composition of ice films and exploring atom addition reactions to see if low-energy electrons can produce other prebiotic chemistries. This work is being performed in collaboration with researchers at the Laboratory for the Study of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres in France.

“There’s a lot that we're on the cusp of learning, which I think is really exciting and interesting,” says Barnes, touting what she describes as a new Space Age.

IMAGE: Researchers simulate the conditions of interstellar space with this ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature chamber containing an electron source to recreate the seeds of life. Credit Kennedy Barnes

[beardedmrbean]

Georgia, once a self-proclaimed leader in criminal justice reform, is sliding a little further toward its old lock-'em-up ways.

State senators voted 30-17 on Thursday to require cash bail for 30 additional crimes, including 18 that are always or often misdemeanors, leaving Senate Bill 63 only one House vote from passage.

The measure also seeks to limit charitable bail funds or even individuals from bailing multiple people out of jail, reserving that ability only to those who meet legal requirements to be bail bond companies.

ZERO CASH BAIL TO BLAME FOR 'BRAZEN' SMASH AND GRAB ROBBERIES IN LA, POLICE UNION SAYS

The move could strand poor defendants in jail when accused of crimes for which they’re unlikely to ever go to prison. It could also aggravate overcrowding in Georgia's county lockups. It erodes changes that passed nearly unanimously in 2018 under Republican Gov. Nathan Deal that allowed judges to release most people accused of misdemeanors without bail.

It's part of a push by Republicans nationwide to increase reliance on cash bail, even as some Democratic-led jurisdictions end cash bail entirely or dramatically restrict its use. That split was exemplified last year when a court upheld Illinois' plan to abolish cash bail, while voters in Wisconsin approved an amendment to the constitution letting judges consider someone's past convictions for violent crimes before setting bail.

Republican Sen. Randy Robertson of Cataula, a longtime sheriff’s deputy and former state president of the Fraternal Order of Police, said Thursday that the measure is about "making our communities safer." He's argued in pushing the bill since last year that victims feel the justice system doesn’t care about them when suspects are released without cash bail.

But Roy Copeland, a Valdosta lawyer who served on Deal’s Criminal Justice Reform Council, said the measure will cause people accused of misdemeanors to lose their jobs, homes and custody of their children when they get stuck in jail and can't afford bail.

"You're literally taking food out of the mouths of children and adults," Copeland said.

It's not the first time Republicans lengthened the list of crimes in Georgia where the accused is required to post cash or property bail. That list, already at 24, would be expanded further. Bail would be required for a second or later misdemeanor offense of reckless driving or criminal trespass, as well as for any misdemeanor battery.

People would also be required to post bail for failing to appear in court for a traffic ticket if it's their second or later offense. The maximum penalty for failing to appear for a traffic ticket is three days in jail. That's also how long authorities have to bring someone before a judge after they're arrested on a warrant for failing to appear.

Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp has said he wants more restrictive bail conditions. With state lawmakers, but not Kemp, facing voters this year, it could be a sign that Republicans intend to bash their Democratic opponents as soft on crime as they did in 2022. Kemp has also backed other anti-crime proposals, including longer sentences for some criminals.

Some Republican supporters of Deal's push say it's not a betrayal of those years worth of efforts, noting that a Deal-backed provision requiring judges to take account of a person's ability to pay in setting bail remains in law.

"So much of what criminal justice reform was about was trying not to do a one-size-fits-all for every person," said Sen. Brian Strickland, a McDonough Republican. "This preserves the discretion."

But Sen. Josh McLaurin, an Atlanta Democrat, rejected the idea that judges would set ultralow bail amounts, or that bonding companies would be willing to take that business.

"When we says as a matter of law that jail is where we want people to be, and we create structural incentives for people to end up there, then those funnels are going to funnel people there," McLaurin said.

Several Democrats suggested the move to restrict bail funds is related to ongoing prosecutions of protesters against the police and fire training center that Atlanta is building. Those protesters deride the project as "Cop City." Among 61 indictments that Georgia Attorney General Chris Carr won against protesters in September were charges against three people who operated a bail fund.

The Bail Project, a fund which says it has bailed more than 1,500 Georgians out of jail since 2019, questioned the decision to limit groups and people who don't meet the requirements to be bondsmen to bailing out only three people a year in any city or county.

"This is like placing restrictions on a food pantry while claiming to solve hunger," spokesperson Lizzie Tribone said in a statement.

[allthenewzworld]

Researchers at Italy's National Research Council have, for the first time, transformed light into a solid state, which is a groundbreaking advancement in quantum physics.

This achievement reveals a unique form of matter that behaves both as a rigid structure and with fluidity, enriching our understanding of exotic quantum states.

Building on earlier experiments that demonstrated light's fluid behavior, the team's latest work culminates in the creation of a quantum supersolid, a state previously thought to exist only at ultralow temperatures.

#Quantum #Light #Physics #Innovation #Research #allthenewz

[electobykss]

PV Flux 9190

9190 PV is Soldering flux for Solar Module Manufacturing which is rosin-free, resin-free, halide-free, no-clean flux designed to promote enhanced wetting specially use in tabber and stringer equipment process in soldering cell to cell in Photovoltaic (PV) assembly. Activity level designed in such a way that it exhibits a very ultralow solid content. Special surfactant has been introduced into the formulation to reduce the surface tension. The ultralow solid content and stringent selected activators practically does leave any residue and strain on the panel after soldering.

[labotronicsscientific]

Labotronics listed on hotfrog.com

Hello everyone we are on n49 please like and add a review which will be very helpful. Please find the link

[materialsscienceandengineering]

A simple crystal with ultralow thermal conductivity has applications in thermal insulation and thermoelectrics

An engineering research team led by Professor Yue Chen from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has achieved a remarkable milestone in the realm of thermal transport in crystals. The research highlights the potential of simple crystal structures to achieve low thermal conductivity. This discovery not only underscores the importance of exploring new materials for applications in thermal insulation and thermoelectrics but also calls for further experimental investigations to expand the repertoire of materials with ultralow thermal conductivity. The work is published in the journal Nature Communications. Traditionally, efforts to lower the lattice thermal conductivity of materials have focused on complex material systems, where lower thermal conductivity is typically observed. However, the pursuit of simple crystals with ultralow thermal conductivity has proven to be a challenging task.

Read more.