#treaty of darin

[w-r-pitt]

A 1924 map of the British Empire and the route of The Empire Cruise, produced by the Royal Navy, that, uniquely, shows the obscure British Protectorate of the Sultanate of Nejd, the orange blob in the centre of Arabia, which was established by the 1915 Treaty of Darin. The Saudi state was legally an Ottoman suzerainty prior to the signing of the Treaty of Darin.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qTeIlZFNc9S2McO-cP8cwDWT2LPC6lcA/view

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin

🇬🇧🇸🇦

[fabiansteinhauer]

História e teoria de uma lei inconstante e polar

Der Gesellschaftsvertrag, vielleicht ein Menschenzug? Es ist auf jeden Fall ein Zug des Menschen, gesellig zu sein und sich zu vertragen. Ob das alles ist, das ist unsicher, eher unwahrscheinlich ist das.

Die Lateranverträge von 1929 sind auf jeden Fall ein Effekt des Umstandes, dass Menschen Linien gezogen haben und dass sie selber Züge haben: man sagt sogar, dass sei eine ihrer Charaktereigenschaften. Züge seien ihr Antlitz und darin seien Züge nicht nur ihr Bild. Dass der Mensch Züge habe, sei auch ein Indiz dafür, dass er ein mimetisches Wesen sei: er bildet ab und er sei selbst abgebildet. Er sei einem Gott eine Idee gewesen, sei seit dem eine Idee, habe Ideen und zum Beispiel Persönlichkeitsideale. Plinius erzählt sogar, da läge schon die Geburt des Portraits (der Begriff sagt es auch: ein trait/ Zug), nämlich darin die Idee des Menschen zu sichern, falls er selbst einmal verloren ginge. Die monotheistischen Religionen stellen mit der Ebenbildlichkeit Züge des Menschen an zentrale Stellen ihrer normativen Ordnung. Sagen wir so: sie machen einen großen Bahnhof darum, dass der Mensch Linien zieht und Züge hat.

Aby Warburg rückt in der Summa und dem Manual seiner Bild-Rechtswissenschaft eine juridische Kulturtechnik in den Blick, er gibt sie zur Hand. Abstrakt nennt er das Distanzschaffen. Das muss nicht räumlich gedacht sein. Auf einer Stelle warten und erwarten zu können, das schafft auch Distanz. Wenn das Recht eine kontrafaktisch stabilisierte Verhaltenserwartung sein soll, wie Luhmann mal sagte, könnte Warburg mit dem Kopf nicken und daran denken, wie das Recht es ermöglicht, Zeit mehr oder weniger anspruchsvoll durchzuhalten, also zu warten oder zu erwarten. Er denkt 1929 an Verträge, die Lateranverträge, Treaties - und das Distanzschaffen analysiert er dabei konkret in tragenden und trachtenden Linien: drawing and drafting lines, oder eben: in Zügen, trains. Die Züge lassen Recht wahrnehmen und ausüben, auch trainieren. Mit den Lateranverträgen schaffen die Römer nicht nur einen neuen Staat, den Stato della Cita del Vaticano. Sie schließen ihn später auch an den Eisenbahnnetz an, in diesen Verträgen wir das und dem neuen Staat ein Bahnhof zu einem Versprechen.

[theink-stainedfolk]

And They Were Roommates

A vampire hunter, forming a peace treaty with a vampire? That is something unheard of. You see this trope is a lot of fantasy tv shows. But it seems that this trope has come to life.

"Pass me your chips." Said Darin Maignes.

"No. They are mine." Said Lyren Chauveron. 

Darin sighed and turned to look at Lyren, whose gaze was fixed on the TV. "You don't want me to kill my hunger with your blood now, or do you?"

Lyren turned to look at Darin. "You can't Maignes, we have signed a peace treaty. If you break it, you will have to pay the rent for the whole year." Darin's lips twitched into a smile that was threatening.  But Lyren was right. 

You see, Darin Maignes is a vampire. Like any other vampire, he sucks. Maignes family is large and successful with whatever club business they have. But Darin, he likes being independent so he moved to Wesving City in dreams of being a designer. Shearsley Apartments were the type of apartments that were costly, but not overly luxurious. Many celebrities lived there. Unfortunately for him, his family stopped sending him funds. (Though his mother usually secretly did send some money.) But that didn't stop him from renting the apartment. The only flat he got was already rented but the person was willing to share and divide the rent. This was the golden opportunity. 

"I am a peace lover." Said Dimitry Bizeveron, the landlord's son. "I love ducks."

"You mean Doves?" Darin corrected him. 

"No. I mean ducks." He said playing with his long locks. "Doves are overrated. Ducks are much better, they are emotionally supportive." A duck appeared out of nowhere and snuggled up to his leg just as he said that. "See?" He said picking up the duck. "He sensed that I craved his snuggles. Meet Downey. He is the best boi." He said tickling the duck. "So anyways. I don't like violence and if you have a problem with your roommate,  i suggest you solve it out outside or maybe you can just get the fuck out. If i hear any complaints, i will personally kick you and your roommate out and i will also make sure you don't get to stay anywhere in this city or maybe just make you incapable of moving all together. "

He didn't sound like someone who loves peace right now. Darin hates people like him. Why does he have to be so intimidating?

So this takes us to the present. Darin Maignes, the vampire, was officially a roommate with a vampire hunter, Lyren Chauveron. Their first meeting wasn't good. They got a yellow card from Dimitry. Now they have to be extra careful.

"Chauveron, the treaty also included that whatever present in the house is as much equally yours as it is mine. Sharing is caring. You don't want to break the rules and meet that half-blooded beast do you?"

Lyren gulped and slowly passed the packet to Darin who smirked in victory.

Dimitry Bizeveron was a half-blood vampire. You might think being a half blood makes powers less. But that was not true. Oriana Bizeveron, Dimitry's mother was one of the most strongest vampire, included with the Maignes. She almost killed Darin's uncle in a fight. Incredible lady known for her punch so strong you can meet jesus. But she was also rebellious. She abolished the unsaid rule of vampires only marrying vampires. She fell in love with a vet, who was a human. There is no doubt that Dimitry is strong, the problem is that no one actually knows what he is capable of doing. 

"Shut up and eat." Lyren said through his gritted teeth.

Lyren Chauveron is from a hunter family. His elder brother, Lyndon Chauveron is known for being the best hunter in the country. He grew up being expected to be as good as him when instead, the youngest sibling Lydia is stronger than him. Lydia once threw Lyren when he teased her about her crush. Lyren knew she was strong, Lyndon knew she was strong, she knew she was strong, but their parents refused to know she was strong. So she went and rebelled and became the youngest chief commander of hunters, aka, the one who trains and goes on missions with the amature hunters on their mission. She was now banned from home.(she said she was glad and built her own home.)

Lyren Chauveron didn't want to be a hunter and his brother's shadow. He didn't know that he was rooming in with a vampire. There is an opportunity right there in front of him, he hates he is binded by contract. He hates the fact that he has to prove his worth by taking someone's life. He hates everything. 

"You aren't even watching this movie." Darin said. "Stop glaring holes into the screen." 

"You can stuff your mouth with those chips instead of pointing out what I am doing." Lyren took a big bite of the burger he bought along with the chips out of anger.

"I'd rather watch Twilight." Darin mumbled. 

"Why do you look for different ways to admire yourself?" Lyren cringed.

"I mean, it's a good comedy movie. And self love isn't a disease." Darin stated as if it was obvious. Lyren, for a moment, couldn't believe what he heard.

"....Yeah,sure… Go ahead." 

"....Nevermind." What could change his stubborn mind? Thought Lyren.

"Why?" He asked.

"Just." 

"Just what?"

"You won't laugh." He said.

"What? What has it got to do with me?" Lyren asked, confused. 

"What is fun about watching a comedy movie when only I am the one laughing?" He pouted. Lyren noticed, he pouted.

"Okay." He said.

"What?"

"I have my favorite comedy movie, I'll laugh no matter how much time I watch it." He lied. "Let's watch that."

Lyren didn't expect to actually laugh. He didn't expect to laugh because of Darin. Darin's face when he laughed was funny and his laughter was contagious. So much so he had to pause to go to the bathroom. These were the times where both of them thought maybe rooming with each other wasn't that bad.

[four-loose-screws]

FE7 Novelization Translation - Chapter 6 Section 3

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———————————

Chapter 6: Birds of a Feather (Section 3)

The battle lasted less than an hour.

To start, Marcus was a strong and seasoned fighter, and Eliwood was a natural in swordsmanship. Lowen fought hard as well so as not to embarrass the Knights of Pherae. Rebecca also contributed much to the fight, her skills far greater than Eliwood had imagined. And in addition to all of them, for the two powerful fighters Dorcas and Bartre, who joined in halfway, such a rabble of bandits as this was barely a fight.

After defeating the head bandit, the village magistrate met with Eliwood to express his utmost gratitude. 

"Y-You are Lord Eliwood, correct? I thank you from the bottom of my heart for saving the village."

"You have no need to thank us. It is my duty to protect the people."

The magistrate shook his head at Eliwood's refusal to ever be prideful. "Oh no, I insist. In Laus, to the west… things are very bad there now. Marquess Darin is busy preparing for war, and acts as if he knows nothing about the bandits and thieves attacking the villages within his territory."

"He is preparing for war…? That can't be!" Eliwood could have never imagined the magistrate would say such a thing. His shock was clear in the expression on his face.

Lycia had a unique form of government, in which each marquess and their territory was bound together by a nonaggression treaty. The news that one of the marquesses within their alliance was preparing for war was not something he could overlook.

Noticing that Eliwood was suspicious of his words, the magistrate continued, "It is no lie. Just a few days ago, my younger brother's house in Laus was burned down, and without anywhere else to go, he fled to here. He said that the people of Laus are spreading rumors that war could start at any time."

"Lord Eliwood! If what he is saying is true, then it is most worrisome. If war broke out at this time… The chance is high that Laus' enemy would be territories within our very Lycia. And what if… Lord Elbert has gotten wrapped up in it?!"

Marcus raised a good point. 

Marquess' Ostia, Lycia's main leader, had only just recently changed, and as a result was in the middle of restructuring the government. There were still many who were not convinced it was a good idea to support such a new and young Marquess Ostia, and Marquess Darin of Laus was one of those people. If he was dissatisfied with the current system and considering the use of force, then…

After thinking deeply about it for a moment, Eliwood opened his mouth. "...We know not if this is related to my father's disappearance, but as we do not have any other good leads… Let’s go to Laus. This seems like something we should look further into."

☆

Meanwhile, as Eliwood was about to start for Laus after claiming victory against the bandits…

In Ostia Castle, known as an impregnable fortress, a voice so loud it nearly shook the building rang from within the throne room.

"Brother!"

And that voice came from Ostia's next-in-line, Hector. He was the younger brother of Marquess Uther and Eliwood's good friend. He wore the steel armor of a knight as if it were nothing, and had hands roughly as large as a child's head. Though his youth still showed in his facial features, he was filled with vigor and ambition from his head to his toes.

What stood out about him most were his unbelievably rough mouth and unthinkable behavior for a royal, causing those around him to spread rumors about how strange he was. But he was different from other nobles in that he did not have an arrogant attitude, and because he connected well with the people, contrary to the rumors about him, he was popular with the people.

"Where are you, brother!"

"Lord Hector! Please calm down!"

At his lord's unpresentable behavior, a knight entered the throne room after him to scold him.

The knight's name was Oswin. He was among the greatest of the great Knights of Ostia.

Typically, those who would become knights were the children of nobility. However, in Ostia, true ability was generally emphasized over social status, so it was not uncommon for the members of the Knights of Ostia to be of common birth.

Oswin was one such person, having obtained the status of knight after completing a harsh course of training.

He was also trusted by his lord, Marquess Uther, who often assigned to the role of Hector's guard, who never calmed down no matter what he did.

Hector ignored Oswin's words and shouted, "Don't tell me to calm down! I can't be calm about this!!"

"You're making a scene, Hector! What the hell is wrong?!" A man shouted as he appeared from within the throne room's inner room.

He was none other than Uther, leader of the Lycian League and Marquess Ostia.

Upon his parents' deaths, he became the league's leader at a young age, and was quickly beginning to develop the countenance of a dignified ruler.

However, he did not hesitate before his brother, instead standing face-to-face with him.

"Isn't it obvious! This is about Marquess Pherae's disappearance!!" Hector shouted. 

"We've talked about that countless times! It is not Ostia's responsibility. Again, we should not stick our noses in where they do not belong!"

"Eliwood's father is missing! And we've known for a while now that Marquess Laus is acting strange! We should be deploying the Ostian Army to settle that matter, shouldn't we?!"

Ostia had many spies employed for the purpose of collecting information across not only Lycia, but the entire continent. 

One of them had returned with the following information: 'Marquess Laus is making concerning movements.'

And right before Marquess Elbert of Pherae disappeared, though it was unconfirmed, they'd received information that he had been seen in Laus territory.

Elbert was missing and Marquess Darin of Laus was preparing for war. There was a chance that those two facts were related. 

But when Uther heard Hector utter his noisy proposal to deploy the army, his face turned red.

"Calm down, you fool! We have a nonaggression pact with the other territories… And especially right now, given our current situation, we cannot deploy our soldiers!! You should be able to understand at least that much!"

At present, both Bern to the east and Etruria to the west were being cautious of Ostia.

That was because they were currently trying to assess if there were any gaps in the capabilities of Ostia's newly crowned marquess. It was easy to predict that if they attempted to send troops into Laus territory at a time like this, they would immediately determine that Lycia was not united, and those two powerful countries would prepare for war.

King Desmond of Bern in particular was quick to fight, and was even now waging a number of small battles along the border. They could not show any sign of weakness to such a potential foe.

Hector knew all of that information full well. But that did not mean that he could agree with it. "...Fine, I get it! Then stay on that precious throne of yours for as long as you want! I'm gonna go do what I want by myself!" He yelled, then disappeared from the throne room.

"Lord Hector! How could you behave that way in front of the marquess…?!" Hector's rude behavior made Oswin put his head in his hands.

But Uther did not worry about him. "Just leave him be, Oswin. If you're going to be like that, then he won't listen to a thing you say."

"..."

Of course, what Uther said was right. Once Hector’s blood was pumping, words had no effect on him. As someone who was often assigned to be his guard, Oswin knew that all too well.

Because Hector was the younger brother of Lycia's leader and Marquess Ostia, Oswin wanted him to act a bit more like it. But no matter what he thought…

'It would be nigh impossible to change him, wouldn't it���' Oswin found the door Hector had disappeared behind, and sighed. 

ー

"Matthew! Matthew, are you there?"

Hector entered a room near the back entrance separate from the main castle, and called out the name of one of the spies.

In response, Hector suddenly sensed a presence behind him that seemed to have entered from nowhere.

"Here!"

He turned around to see the man whose name he'd just been calling out, down on one knee before him.

Matthew had light chestnut colored hair and was wearing his red cape as he always did. His light brown eyes looked up at Hector, and after a long moment, he smiled.

His behavior made Hector respond with a look of shock on his face. "Matthew… you are no lackey to an evil villain, so show yourself more normally!”

"Huh? Yeah, I guess that wasn't very spy-like of me, was it. Well, whatever." He was not bothered at all by the poor reception his grand entrance received, instead tightening his expression and swiftly standing straight up. "As you requested for your travels, Young Lord, your favorite axe. And I paid off the guard here and at the gate, so all your preparations to be able to escape out the back should be complete."

"Excellent, good work. Brother doesn't suspect a thing." Hector said as he took his favorite axe and the bag with his supplies in it.

Matthew looked a bit surprised by those words. "Hm? But I'm going too."

"Don't be stupid! You can't!! If you, my Brother's spy, was with me, you wouldn't know when he might be stabbed in the back!! I'm going alone!" Hector suddenly raised his voice. 

Upon hearing it, Matthew panicked and raised one of his index fingers up to Hector's mouth. "Shhhhhhh! If you're too loud, the castle watch will hear and come running!"

Hector clicked his tongue. "...Regardless, you aren't coming with me!" He lowered his voice and roughly shooed away Matthew's hand. 

The spy Matthew was one of the few retainers who did not talk to Hector as a noble. His normal demeanor was rough and rude, so he found it easier and preferred to speak with casual people like Matthew over those who spoke formally.

But while he was currently serving Hector, he was actually a servant to the highest ranking man in all of Ostia, Uther.

No matter how anyone looked at it, this mission was not at all related to his work in spying on other countries for Marquess Ostia. For that reason, it was best for him to make his moves alone.

"It is utterly surprising that you do not trust me, but… Well, if that's how you feel, I’ll be leaving now." Matthew said, and disappeared from within the room within the blink of an eye, just as he had when he appeared.

"Huh? …That was easy."

Matthew usually always critiqued Hector’s side and argued back, but this time, he was understanding and conceded. 

As that made him think that Matthew was being a bit suspicious, Hector opened the bag Matthew had packed for him and began to check it. "Alright… I need to hurry out of here and meet up with Eliwood. But what's with all this luggage?! There's enough for two people in here…"

Upon starting to voice his complaint, Hector sensed that there was someone behind him, and it wasn't Matthew. He could sense feelings of darkness filled with bloodlust coming towards him.

"...Come on out. I know you’re there."

He turned to face the bloodlust he could sense, and saw a single soldier there, hiding in the shadow of a pillar.

It was not someone he recognized. The soldier spoke not a word, facing him with a dark look in his eyes.

"Who are you? You don't seem to be one of our soldiers, at least."

"..." The soldier did not give any response to Hector's question, simply glaring at him.

"...Not gonna say, huh." Getting fed up with the soldier’s silence, Hector picked up his favorite axe, Wolf Beil, and raised it. "Listen up! Whoever you are, if you get in my way, then I'll beat you down and make my way past you!!" He said, raised Wolf Beil higher, then swung it down at the soldier in front of him.

But the moment he thought he made the hit, the soldier suddenly vanished, and another person immediately took his place.

"Ahhhhh! Wait, wait!!"

Hector changed his axe's trajectory at the last second and missed his target. Wolf Beil, now off its mark, hit the wall behind him, and cut deeply into it. If the attack had been a direct hit, its recipient would have seen their end.

"It's me! It's me!!!"

"...Oh, it is you, Matthew. I thought for sure you were some guy with them."

After confirming that his target had indeed suddenly changed, Hector pulled Wolf Beil out of the wall.

"Don't "Oh it is you!" me! You were inches away from cleaving me in two!!"

"It's your fault for coming out of nowhere like that! Anyway, why did you come back?"

"Huh? Well, I sensed a threatening aura, and decided to help…"

"...Hm. Well, let's leave it at that for now."

Now Hector understood why Matthew had agreed to leave so easily.

He'd sensed the threatening soldier’s presence faster than Hector, and disappeared to figure out their foe's true form, then used Hector as bait.

But Hector wasn't mad about that. He actually preferred that was what Matthew had done, as he was so reckless by nature.

"...Now what should we do?"

"About what?"

"About the enemies hiding around here… I sense seven or eight of them. And they all seem to be quite dangerous. No matter how confident you are in your strength, won't this be difficult for you and me, who doesn't have much fighting ability?"

"...If you've got something you wanna say, then come out and say it!"

"You should give up on leaving out the back door and return to get help from the castle gua-"

"Not gonna happen!!" Hector flatly refused. Such cowardly words as resignation and fleeing were not in his vocabulary. 

Seeming to have predicted Hector's response, Matthew gave a defeated laugh. "Ha ha, I knew it. Then we must get pumped up and fight like our lives depend on it!”

"You can get out of here if you want."

"No, I couldn't possibly. I will be with you wherever you go."

"Then let's give them a good thrashing and get out of this castle!!" Hector shouted and picked back up Wolf Beil.

And so, the curtain opened on the travels of the man who would later become known as the Steel Giant.

ー

[hamiltonjetztkinohd]

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3. Juli 2020 — Disney+ / 2 Std. 40 Min. / Historie, Musik, Biografie

Von Thomas Kail

Mit Lin-Manuel Miranda, Jonathan Groff, Daveed Diggs

Produktionsland USA

INHALTSANGABE Verfilmung des Broadway-Musicals „Hamilton“ von Lin-Manuel Miranda. Darin wird die Geschichte des amerikanischen Gründervaters Alexander Hamilton erzählt: Geboren und aufgewachsen als Waise in der Karibik kommt Hamilton (Lin-Manuel Miranda) im Sommer des Jahres 1776 nach New York, wo er in einer Bar auf drei Revolutionäre trifft: den Sklavereigegner John Laurens (Anthony Ramos), den französischen Marquis de Lafayette (Daveed Diggs) und den Schneiderlehrling Hercules Mulligan (Okieriete Onaodowan). Als die Revolution gegen den britischen König Georg III. (Jonathan Groff) ausbricht, schließen sich die drei dem General George Washington (Christopher Jackson) an und Hamilton verliebt sich in Eliza Schuyler (Phillipa Soo), die er schließlich heiratet...

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Definition and definition of film / film

While the players who play a role in the film are referred to as actors (men) or actresses (women). There is also the term extras that are used as minor characters with few roles in the film. This differs from the main actors, who have larger and more roles. As an actor and actress, good acting talent must be required that corresponds to the subject of the film in which he plays the leading role. In certain scenes, the role of the actor can be replaced by a stunt man or a stunt man. The existence of a stuntman is important to replace the actors who play difficult and extreme scenes that are usually found in action-action films.

Movies can also be used to deliver certain messages from the filmmaker. Some industries also use film to convey and represent their symbols and culture. Filmmaking is also a form of expression, thoughts, ideas, concepts, feelings and moods of a person that are visualized in the film. The film itself is mostly fictional, though some are based on actual stories or on a true story.

There are also documentaries with original and real images or biographical films that tell the story of a character. There are many other popular genre films, from action films, horror films, comedy films, romantic films, fantasy films, thriller films, drama films, science fiction films, crime films, documentaries and others.

This is some information about the definition of film or film. The information has been cited from various sources and references. Hope it can be useful.

❍❍❍ TV FILM ❍❍❍The first television shows were experimental, sporadic programs that from the 1930s could only be seen at a very short distance from the mast. TV events such as the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany, the crowning of King George VI. In Britain in 19340 and the famous launch of David Sarnoff at the 1939 New York World’s Fair in the United States, the medium grew, but World War II brought development to a halt after the war. The 19440 World MOVIE inspired many Americans to buy their first television, and in 1948 the popular Texaco Star Theater radio moved to become the first weekly television variety show that hosted Milton Berle and earned the name “Mr Television” demonstrated The medium was a stable, modern form of entertainment that could attract advertisers. The first national live television broadcast in the United States took place on September 4, 1951, when President Harry Truman’s speech at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco on AT & T’s transcontinental cable and microwave relay system was broadcasting to broadcasters in local markets has been.

The first national color show (the 1954 Rose Parade tournament) in the United States took place on January 1, 1954. For the next ten years, most network broadcasts and almost all local broadcasts continued to be broadcast in black and white. A color transition was announced for autumn 1965, in which more than half of all network prime time programs were broadcast in color. The first all-color peak season came just a year later. In 19402, the last holdout of daytime network shows was converted to the first full color network season.

❍❍❍ formats and genres ❍❍❍

See also: List of genres § Film and television formats and genres

TV shows are more diverse than most other media due to the variety of formats and genres that can be presented. A show can be fictional (as in comedies and dramas) or non-fictional (as in documentary, news, and reality television). It can be current (as in the case of a local news program and some television films) or historical (as in the case of many documentaries and fictional films). They can be educational or educational in the first place, or entertaining, as is the case with situation comedies and game shows. [Citation required]

A drama program usually consists of a series of actors who play characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures. Before the 1980s, shows (with the exception of soap opera series) generally remained static without storylines, and the main characters and premise barely changed. [Citation required] If the characters’ lives changed a bit during the episode, it was usually reversed in the end. For this reason, the episodes can be broadcast in any order. [Citation required] Since the 1980s, many FILMS have had a progressive change in the plot, characters, or both. For example, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first American prime time drama television films to have this kind of dramatic structure [4] [better source required], while the later MOVIE Babylon 5 further illustrated such a structure had a predetermined story about the planned five season run. [Citation required]

In 2020, it was reported that television became a larger part of the revenue of large media companies than the film. Some also noticed the quality improvement of some television programs. In 2020, Oscar-winning film director Steven Soderbergh declared the ambiguity and complexity of character and narrative: “I think these qualities are now being seen on television and people who want to see stories with such qualities are watching TV.

❍❍❍ Thanks for everything and have fun watching❍❍❍

Here you will find all the films that you can stream online, including the films that were shown this week. If you’re wondering what to see on this website, you should know that it covers genres that include crime, science, fi-fi, action, romance, thriller, comedy, drama, and anime film.

Thanks a lot. We inform everyone who is happy to receive news or information about this year’s film program and how to watch your favorite films. Hopefully we can be the best partner for you to find recommendations for your favorite films. That’s all from us, greetings!

Thank you for watching The Video Today.

I hope you like the videos I share. Give a thumbs up, like or share if you like what we shared so we are more excited.

Scatter a happy smile so that the world returns in a variety of colors. ”

[fableweaver]

Arc of the Dwarven Warden

Arc of the Dwarven Warden

The library room was deserted once more with only Zaire and Darin working in the morning. Darin was staring blankly at the Nyrgardic writing, unable to read the letters. Zaire was busy scratching out numbers and letters, drawing sigils with many different characters that were nothing like Nyrgardic.

“Why is it there are no writings in the trade tongue?” Darin asked as he pushed the book away frustrated.

“Because the trade tongue was invented by the Rhodin developed in the Cursed Age,” Zaire answered, her eyes never leaving her page. “The Rhodin do not write, it is in their nature to be secretive. In the Cursed Age the Rhodin were about the only people to move between all the kingdoms. Those that learned the language they traded in soon found they could talk to others of the other kingdoms. When Absalom became High King he chose it as the trade tongue and required the kingdoms to teach it so there would be better communication between kingdoms.”

“But if it was the language of uniting why not develop a written form?” Darin asked.

“No one could agree on the lettering,” Zaire answered. “The trade tongue if you notice is almost a Pidgeon Language between all the Nine Kingdoms, so which letters should you use? The Nine all have very different form of letters. The Daunish only have about twenty runes in their alphabet, but Lir has over a thousand different characters. Dridian is probably the most complex because our sigils are written in Dridian. The use of the High Magic means being fluent in all the characters used in the sigils, and there are thousands of those.”

Darin looked at the drawings and equations Zaire had out before her and shuddered. All of it looked extremely complicated, and he was glad the Elder Magic wasn’t so complicated. It looked like it took decades to learn all that.

“So then how are messages sent?” Darin asked.

“Well since messages are usually sent by bird and the size of a message tube is small, a written language was developed for those purposes,” Zaire answered. “After the kingdoms were formed an Aldan named Fulton started training birds to carry messages. The Aldan always had this tradition, but Fulton brought it to other kingdoms. He developed the writing system as well and taught it along with how to raise and train the birds. Now all messengers know this writing so often even horse messengers use it.”

“So if I wanted to send a message, I’d go to one of these bird trainers, tell them the message and they would write it down?”

“Right,” Zaire said as she nodded looking at Darin now. “It isn’t used all the time though. The Kingdoms have posts and you can send packages and letters over ground, most of the time the person you are sending to reads the same language you do. Those that can read and write in multiple languages have a high chance of getting hired to a merchant house for trading. Treaties and documents of legality are often written in two languages of those that they are dealing with. The treaty that formed the Nine Kingdoms is written in all nine languages.”

“Sounds complicated,” Darin said shaking his head.

“What of dwarves?” Zaire asked. “Do you have writings?”

“Yes, but the Phay all speak the same language,” Darin said. “Or more accurately we speak and our kin understand us. For all I know the different races of the Phay speak different languages, but because we were once all one being when we speak to each other there is innate understanding that passes. Those with Elder Magic experience the same thing. When I met Pepper we understood each other immediately, even though she wasn’t speaking in Dwarvish. I don’t know if this translation works for writing but I would guess it does.”

“We mages have sigils that accomplish the same thing,” Zaire said. “It translates written or spoken word immediately, though you have to be a mage to use it. No one has developed an enchanted item that translates for someone who cannot use the High Magic.”

“Why not?” Darin asked. “Can it not be done?”

“No I’m sure it can be done,” Zaire said shaking her head. “If anything there are a great many things mages could make that could be adapted so anyone could use them. But right here is a prime example of why we do not do so.”

She held up the enchanted horn she was working on.

“This was a gift to the Nyrgarders from Dridia. The Nyrgardic Kings refused to let a mage into their court so these gifts went unused. If the mages gave gifts that worked without a mage there would be no need for mages. These objects give mages power more than magical might; it gives other kingdoms a reason to keep us around.”

“But you have the power to use these things?” Darin said.

“Yes, but only because they are already enchanted,” Zaire said putting the horn down again. “I have the power to activate and alter sigils, but not the power to draw one fresh. Hence all this, I’m working out how to alter the sigil on this horn to fit my needs. If I had the power I could just strip the old sigil and draw a new one, this would be much easier. I don’t have the power though so I have to work out how I can alter the sigil so that it does what I need.”

“It may take you longer and be more difficult but it sounds like your way takes a lot more skill and thought than simply redoing the sigil,” Darin said and Zaire blushed, turning back to her work. “Are you close though?”

“Very close,” Zaire said.

“I’ll let you work then,” Darin said about to leave but Zaire stopped him.

“You can stay,” Zaire said. “I’d like the company.”

Darin nodded and sat back down, though he was becoming bored of just sitting around. He wanted to do something if only to feel like he was accomplishing something. He also wanted to avoid the story Hors had told them. The origins of the Crippled One had set a seed of fear with in him, not because of how grizzly the Crippled One’s birth had been, but because of the shame Hors had felt over it. He had felt responsible for Lyl’s death Darin could see it, and this doubt ate at Hors. If Hors, the dragon king, doubted himself how could Darin have confidence in his own power?

To get his mind away from those fears he began writing notes of things he had learned in his travels. He lost track of time almost until he saw Zaire finally lay down her pen and stretch.

“Finished,” Zaire sighed satisfied. “I’m not sure it will work but it is worth a try.”

“How did you do it?” Darin asked.

“You may not understand all of it, but basically the horn uses a sigil to amplify sound. So I changed it so it amplified power instead, the power that is channeled through it. This sounds simple but it was a lot harder to change than simply changing the character for sound to that of power. I think the hardest part is the fact there is no character for the Elder Magic in Dridian, no identifying marker, so I had to arrange the sigil so that it will amplify whatever is channeled through it.”

“I won’t pretend to understand how you did it Zaire,” Darin said. “The fact that you did is impressive enough.”

“Don’t be impressed yet,” Zaire said wearily. “I have to change the sigil first.”

She sat up and took the horn in her hands, one hand going down into the horn and the other cupped the mouth piece. Darin watched and waited, but saw nothing. He did get a slight ringing in his ears, but other than that he could not perceived the High Magic at work.

“There,” Zaire said sounded exhausted and she put the horn down. “I’d like to test it, but I don’t think that is a good idea indoors.”

“Are you the only one that can use that?” Darin asked.

“No, anyone that can gather the Elder Magic can,” Zaire said. “Actually I think I might not be able to use it anyways as I’ve never channeled the Elder Magic.”

“We’ll give it a shot outside,” Darin said and then a thought occurred to him. “This won’t make the Phay March will it? I mean you’ll be playing the song on it and it will amplify the song.”

“I doubt it,” Zaire said. “I have no idea how this stone flute Hors talked about works but it sounds like it is a lot more powerful than what I just made. Besides this horn only has a few notes, depending on how you blow on it. It will be a much simpler version of the song when we play it.”

“Then we should go get Hors,” Darin said as he stood. Zaire gathered the horn and a few papers, hurrying to follow him. They left the library and out towards the gardens. Despite the winter chill the children were still out playing in the snow. Ingrid sat with Soren still learning both the art of the bard and to love again. Iounn stood far enough away that she did not disturb them, but she still kept her eye on them. Donar stood with her and they were both talking, but stopped at Zaire and Darin approached.

“You two seem to spend a lot of time together,” Donar observed as they walked up. Zaire stopped startled and looked at Darin who shrugged. He had only been hanging around Zaire because she was the most interesting person here. It helped distract him from thinking about Pepper and how she might be forced into marriage. Darin wasn’t as much jealous as worried. He knew Pepper would hate such a match, but part of him still hurt at the idea of her in another man’s arms.

“There isn’t much to do here Donar,” Darin answered. “Zaire seems to be the most interesting person here.”

Zaire blushed under the compliment and Donar laughed.

“Relax Darin I know you’re bored,” Donar said. “Hakk seems to be the only one that has gotten any fun from this place.”

Darin has seen Hakk had made himself a legend in the Nyrgardic court, beating every man he came up against even those that were twice his height. Apparently Iounn was the only one to have bested him though she pointed out she had caught him by surprise.

“We’re here because Zaire finished the horn,” Darin said. “We’re ready to wake the giant.”

“I’m not sure that is wise now,” Hors said peeking his head out of Iounn’s hair. “Cael’s Day is past; the solstice was two days ago. It would have been a good time to wake the giant; the aether is closer on days like that.”

“It is still close,” Zaire said and they looked at her surprised. “I’m not sure I know much about the Elder Magic but are full moons not important to the Elder Magic? Tonight is a full moon.”

Hors laughed and nodded.

“Then we should go seek a giant,” Hors said.

“I think I have a way to speed that up,” Zaire said as she reached into her pocket and took out a sapphire. It was gem of high quality, but seemed even more beautiful than normal. “I changed the enchantments on this to make it a divination talisman.”

“Impressive,” Hors said, his ears perking up. “Zaire I believe you are proving yourself a very powerful mage.”

Zaire only blushed and they turned to leave, Colm once again taking over watching the children. Zaire swung the sapphire and it began to glow slightly before hovering before her like a bee on a string. As they left they collected Bgrim and Hakk from the tourney fields where they had been sparing together, none of the Nyrgarders were early risers. She led the way out of the keep and into the city. The city was quiet after Cael’s Day celebrations, everyone seeking rest in the early winter morning.

The sapphire led them thought the city streets and to the switchback down the mountain side. The path was well maintained and free of the ice and snow that had coated the ground of the mountains. They were not the only ones braving the path; many were coming down from the mountain to seek services of the lower city. They reached the Thunder gate and the guards let them pass without comment. With Iounn with them they didn’t have to worry about re-entry.

They walked on through the winding streets and ramshackle warehouses and huts that made up the lower city. Unlike the upper city the lower was already bustling with activity in the morning, laborers and merchants were early risers. Darin noticed a great collection of the colorful wagons of the Rhodin, surprised to see such numbers in one place.

Zaire’s mind seemed bent on her sapphire and she nearly ran into a few people had Iounn not steered her clear. Then someone leapt before her and snatched the sapphire from her hand. Zaire cried out as the thief fled down a side ally and Darin dashed after him. The man was lithe and agile, running through the narrow space with easy. Had Darin been a Nyrgarder or even a Daunish man he would have had trouble following. But while Darin was short he was not bulky, unlike Hakk.

He wove between the allies and carts of traffic, never losing his prey. Darin had spent a life time fighting in tunnels and chasing Orcs through them, he kept pace easily. He was surprised when the man made a wide circuit and ended up in the Rhodin camp. As soon as Darin ran into the wagon area two Rhodin stepped out blocking his path. One opened his mouth to speak but Darin just rolled through his legs and continued to the chase. Shouts followed him and now Darin was both the hunter and hunted.

Darin caught up with the thief in a clearing where several lines of laundry were hanging out to dry. He caught the thief by the back of the shirt and before he could wiggle free Darin wrenched his arm behind his back. The thief cried out and Darin realized then that it was a youth he held, a young boy no older than ten.

“Give it back,” Darin growled in the trade tongue, twisting the boy’s wrist. The boy cried out again and Darin heard pounding feet. Not releasing his vice like grip on the boy’s wrist he drew his sword and pointed it towards the two men that were advancing on him. He watched them from the corner of his eye, but watched the boy he held as well.

“Come any closer and you will taste my blade,” Darin growled. “Now give it back boy.”

He added another twist and the boy whimpered.

“Alright,” the boy said and held out the sapphire. Darin let go of his wrist and snatched the sapphire back, pocketing it. The boy scrambled away and Darin looked to the two men. Both had daggers drawn, but neither had a sword. Darin was just about to try and back away when more footfalls sounded and he turned to see two more men with daggers at his back. The men were grinning now, Darin could hear the boy laughing somewhere off in the wagons.

Other Rhodin had gathered as well, watching from the safety of the wagons. The four men spread out surrounding him and Darin waited for one to strike, it was all he could do. The first one to strike was the one behind him who tried a low stab aiming for Darin’s back. One thing that always seemed to happen to those of superior height against a shorter opponent was they often had to aim lower to score a vital hit. This often made them off balance.

Darin ducked the blow, grabbed the man’s arm, and using his momentum threw him over his head flipping him onto his back. A swift kick to the face left the man howling in pain from a broken nose. Darin sidestepped the second man’s dagger thrust; these men at least knew how to work as a team. But Darin had the superior reach with his sword.

He cut the man’s calf, a minor flesh wound but sufficient to make the man stumble back. A third tried to come up behind him but Darin saw his shadow, lashing out with the pommel of his sword he hit the third man right in the balls. The other two were still standing, the injured one warry but not out for the fight. Darin was ready to wait again when movement at the edge of the gathered crowd drew his eye.

“What do you buffoons think you’re doing?” a Rhodin woman said. She was shapely and sensuously beautiful, her indigo eyes flashing with anger. She wasn’t like the other Rhodin, while her eyes did have the vertical pupils she also had elven like features and pointed ears. Darin realized she had Aldan blood.

“We’re catching an intruder Kree,” the injured man answered.

“And I was catching a thief,” Darin growled. The men glared at him, the uninjured one advancing.

“That is a dwarf you moron,” Kree said and the man stopped dead.

“What?” the injured man said incredulously.

“A dwarf, men of the mountains, one of the pure races of the Younger Phay still residing in Miread,” Kree answered speaking slowly as if to a child.

“You’re sure he’s not just some short man?” the injured one said lamely. Kree’s glare would have made kindling burst into fire.

“Are you suggesting I am wrong about someone’s aura?” Kree asked softly and the injured man withered.

“No Kree,” he said. “Sorry.”

“Good, now get out of here,” Kree said. The men walked away with their tails between their legs, a few other women going to help the other two men limp away. When they were gone Kree turned to him and bowed.

“I am sorry that you were attacked,” Kree said with appropriate levity.

“No problem,” Darin said sheathing his sword. “What if I may ask makes the Rhodin so humble to the Phay? As I recall your kind were always aloof to ours.”

“Our blood does not mix well so breeding was never fruitful,” Kree said. “I myself am sterile and that is from simply and Aldan parent not even one of the Younger Phay.”

“The Aldan are Younger Phay,” Darin said. “The other Phay have always accepted them as kin, which makes us kin.”

“Oh,” Kree said in a soft almost hurt voice. She shook it off and nodded. “I did not know. Well all the same while the Rhodin held apart from the Phay we still respect them for the power and might they hold as ancient beings of this world. We were sad when the Phay chose to march and leave Miread; it has been a much less interesting and painful place because of it.”

“Agreed,” Darin said. “My name is Darin of the Emir Clan, captain to Chief Donar.”

“Kree. What brings the men of the mountains here?”

“It is a long story, but I have to get back to my companions,” Darin said.  

“Your companions?” Kree said interested, a spark in her eye. “You wouldn’t happen to be speaking of the Lady Iounn would you?”

“She is one yes,” Darin said surprised. “You know her?”

“Yes, and her cat,” Kree said with a grin and Darin looked at her surprised.

“Then by all means come,” Darin said. “If you are a friend of Iounn then you are welcome.”

Kree nodded and followed him from the Rhodin camp. It wasn’t hard to find the others, they were still where Darin had left them and this time he didn’t have to take such a circular route. He was surprised however to find Zaire had collapsed, Iounn taking her to a nearby stoop to sit.

“Did you get it back?” Donar said as Darin approached, looking at Kree in inquiry.

“Yes, Lady Kree helped me,” Darin said. “What is wrong with Zaire?”

“From what we guess backlash from her sigil being broken,” Donar said. “Hopefully the sapphire will restore her.”

Darin nodded and stepped forward with the gem. He placed it in her palm and for a moment nothing happened, Darin worried that Zaire was hurt. Then she shuddered and opened her eyes, color returning to her face.

“Thank you, I lost connection with my body when the sapphire was stolen,” Zaire said weakly. “Let us rest here a moment, I need to recover.”

“Take your time,” Iounn said and then she looked up noticing Kree. “What are you doing here?” Iounn asked, her face turning bright red.

“I helped Sir Donar out of a tight spot and he mentioned you,” Kree said. “I am interested in what you are doing with four dwarves and a mage milady.”

Iounn looked for all the world like an embarrassed girl, her face bright red and eyes wide.

“She said she knew you and Hors,” Darin said worried. “Should I have not brought her?”

“No,” Iounn said recovering. “It’s fine, I was just startled.”

“How do you two know one another then?” Darin asked, and Iounn looked away covering her face.

“We’re old friends,” Kree answered. Darin looked at her to see she was smiling slightly, yet a glint of either disappointment or pain was in her eyes. “So what brings you to the lower city once again?”

Darin and Donar informed her of their mission, quietly so as not attract attention. At last Zaire seemed ready to go, her mind once more bent on the jewel. They walked on and eventually the sapphire led them out of the city. Darin expected it to lead them into the mountains, but instead it led them towards the coast of the bay. Thorrak Bay was gray and dark, the waves roaring against the sea rocks. Here the beach was ragged rocks and hazardous tide pools; the only safe port was in Hólmsted.

They walked along the sea rocks with Hólmsted to their backs, making slow progress over the jagged rocks and tide pools. The waves crashed on the rocks and they had to keep well back to keep free of the salty spray. They walked for hours, the sun getting high in the sky.  

At last the stone stopped and turned, pointing out into the bay.

“Is it broken?” Darin asked worried but Hors then emerged from Iounn’s hood.

“No, look,” Hors said, pointing with his wing. Stranded in the middle of the swirling tide was a colossus of a rock. It stood like a pillar surrounded by crashing waves, and in the rocky shape Darin realized he could see a humanoid shape slumped.

“How did it get out there?” Zaire said startled.

“The giant probably fell asleep close to the shore,” Hors answered. “The tide and water eroded the rock around it.”

“So how are we going to get there?” Iounn asked looking down at the treacherous waters below.

“We can wake it from here and it can leap ashore,” Hors said and turned to Zaire. “Go ahead.”

“I cannot sound the horn,” Zaire said surprised. “I don’t have enough Elder Magic, I don’t even know how to feel it. Nor do I know the tune of the song.”

“Then who can?” Hors asked surprised. “None of us have the power.”

“I do,” Darin said. “I’ve managed to command the Wild Kin, I think I have the power to do this. Just remind me how the song goes, I never heard it.”

“I can’t sing it, in my current form I might shed my skin if I did,” Hors answered. “Iounn.”

“I’ll hum it,” Iounn said. She hummed the tune and at the sound of the first note Darin felt a thrill through him. It was a tune so familiar and arousing to him he could almost hum with Iounn though it was the first time he had heard it. When Iounn finished Darin looked to Donar, Bgrim, and Hakk to see the song had the same effect on them, tears streaming down Hakk’s face. No one said anything about their reactions so Darin held out a hand to Zaire.

She put away the sapphire and drew out the horn, placing it in his hand. Darin sighed as he stepped up to the edge of the cliff and looked out at the colossus out in the swirling surf. He took several more deep breaths, making the next just a bit deeper than the last. He planted his feet, feeling the natural power of the rock and waves around him, and put the horn to his lips.

With all his breath he sounded the horn, following the beat of the song. A bass like call echoed out over the bay, gulls crying out in surprise and taking flight. It beat like a drum until Darin ran out of breath and let the horn fall. The giant had not moved, so taking a few more breaths he sounded it again, trying to keep to the beat of the song. He played for as long as he had breath before at last he had to stop and gasp for air.

He looked out at the pinnacle when he caught his breath. The Giant sat as it had, Darin disappointed for a moment, before he saw it move. It moved slowly, little more than a twitch, but then it moved again. Slowly it began to twitch and move, sea rock crumbling off it as it moved.

“It could take some time to fully wake,” Hors said.

“Should I keep playing?” Darin asked.

“No, let’s wait and see how this progresses,” Hors said. “And I think you need to rest.”

Darin could only nod and felt a hand on his arm helping to support him. He turned to see Donar and felt a wash of gratitude to his chief. Donar helped him over to a rock to sit down, Darin putting his head down and concentrated on his breathing. Donar rubbed his back, both comforting and making sure Darin was breathing right.

“Did that take a lot of power?” Donar asked when Darin got his breath back.

“I can’t really tell,” Darin answered. “I don’t think I’m very in tune with the Elder Magic, I can just make things happen occasionally.”

“We couldn’t have done this without you Darin,” Donar said, the pride in his voice making Darin feel almost overwhelmed with emotion. “Be proud of your power, I am.”

“Do… do you think that the only reason I have this power is because of Pepper?” Darin asked miserably. “Because of that oath I made? Because I laid with her?”

“No,” Hors said and Darin looked up to see Iounn standing over him with the dragon child on her shoulder. “Lying with a witch would never give you the amount of power you have. I think you have a natural talent that Pepper’s presence awoke.”

“I thought it wasn’t common in men,” Darin said.

“It isn’t but that doesn’t mean impossible,” Hors said. “It is extremely rare in male humans, but male Younger Phay do carry it on occasion. Just because it isn’t likely doesn’t mean it is impossible.”

Darin didn’t answer because he started to wonder if the only reason Pepper found him attractive was because he had Elder Magic. And he wondered if it was really a bad thing. Iounn walked off to leave Darin to recover, Donar silent but supportive at his side.

“Do you miss Runi?” Darin asked after some time.

“Painfully so,” Donar answered.

“It doesn’t seem like it,” Darin said. “You haven’t spoken of her for a while.”

“Because I keep myself busy to keep myself sane,” Donar answered. “You do the same.”

Darin nodded, slipping into silence again. He dared not look up at the giant, afraid to see his efforts fail or just too tired to bring himself to care. At last however Zaire came over to them after several hours of waiting.

“The giant is awake,” Zaire said. Darin stood and they walked over to where Bgrim stood staring out at the giant. The giant now stood on the sea rock looking like a colossus. It was as big as one of the keep towers at least ten times the height of a man, probably around sixty spans tall. Its limbs were thick, the joints seeming less defined like a human’s and its hands had only three thick fingers rather than five. It belly hung out and low and its limbs were thick. Its skin was gray and wrinkled like an elephant’s, yet white markings like tattoos covered it. Rocks and earth were still lodged in its skin, pebbling it over its back and shoulders almost like a tortoise shell. Its long hair was brown and wiry, hanging in its face and growing in a beard that hung past its chest. All that could be seen of its features was a great big bulbous nose and tiny ears that looked droopy and pointed. A horn jutted out of its forehead; blunt and curved it was white like bone.

Slowly the giant raised its arms and crouched down; moving like it was in honey. It leapt off the rock and they scrambled back as it landed before them with a rock shattering landing. It slowly rose up to its feet looking down at them.

“Who has woken me?” the giant spoke in slow deliberate words, each syllable coming out like a pit from a peach.

“What did it say?” Zaire said afraid.

“He is speaking the Phay tongue,” Darin answered lowly before stepping forward and looking up at the giant. “I woke you Greatling.”

“One of They Who Delve Deep,” the giant said in his slow deliberate manor.

“Yes, my name is Darin Captain to Donar chief of the Emir clan,” Darin answered. “These are my kinsmen Bgrim and Hakk, the mage Zaire, the Rhodin Kree, the Baroness of Stóstund Iounn, and the dragon king Hors.”

The giant’s beady eyes followed each person as they were named, Hors standing out on Iounn’s arm so he was visible. Then the giant nodded slowly as he absorbed all this information.

“I am Liath,” the giant answered. “How long have I slept?”

“Centuries,” Hors answered. “The song has been sung and the Phay mean to march, however a dark spirit threatens this endeavor and means our kin harm.”

“War has come to the Weir mountains,” Donar said. “Creatures of darkness known as Orcs wage war with our kind to the north.”

“And the song is lost to us as is Eileen who can play it,” Darin said.

Liath stood and his head lolled from side to side, Darin worried his mind had been damaged in his long sleep.

“We dreamed,” Liath said at last and Hors’ ears stood up.

“You dreamed?” Hors said startled. “What did you dream?”

“I cannot remember,” Liath answered. “The others still dream. Long Be their Shadows were with us.”

“The Dullahan were with you dreaming?” Hors said flaring his wings. “How? They should be in Tir Aesclinn they cannot dream there.”

“I do not know,” Liath said his head bobbing. “I grow hungry.”

“We will talk more later,” Hors said sounding disappointed. “Come, rest and eat so you can recover.”

Liath nodded and slowly he began to walk over to a stand of rocks nearby.

“What is happening?” Zaire asked. Darin quickly told her, Iounn, and Kree what had been said, Zaire looking confused, Iounn pensive, and Kree puzzled. “What is so important about dreaming?”

“The Phay dream our races into being, and dreams in general hold power for us,” Hors answered. “Since the march the Dullahan, Long Be their Shadows, slipped into a sleep they cannot wake from. We don’t know why, and Liath stating that the giants shared dreams with them only thickens this mystery.”

“What is he doing?” Iounn said shocked and they all turned to Liath. He had begun tearing up the rocks and boulders nearby, a great cloud of dirt rising from his excavations.

“Looking for a meal,” Hors answered.

“He won’t find much in the tide pools not like that,” Iounn said and Hors laughed.

“Iounn, giants don’t eat living things, they eat stone,” Hors said. “They prefer certain types, Liath is looking for suitable earth to eat.”

Iounn looked utterly shocked and looked back to Liath. He seemed to have found a rock to his liking because he sat down with a heavy thump and began munching on a boulder. The sound was much like what one would expect, rocks grinding together in a din of epic proportions. The stood covering their ears as Liath had his meal, the sound deafening and Darin was used to the sound of miners digging through solid rock.  

At last Liath finished his meal, sitting content in the rubble he had caused. They walked over and Liath turned to them nodding.

“I will eat more later,” Liath said. “I must be careful.”

“Of course,” Hors said. “Would you like to sleep or shall we tell you what you’ve missed?”

“I have slept enough,” Liath said a glint in his beady eyes. “Speak.”

Hors told him about the march, the Crippled One, the search for the song and Eileen, and the army of Orcs to the north. Liath listened without questions, his head lolling from side-to-side like before. Hors told him why he was woken and his plans to do battle with the Orcs.

“So will you help us?” Hors asked. Liath considered his question a long time, sitting so still Darin wondered if he had fallen asleep again.

“The men from ships,” Liath said at last. “I must help them?”

“No,” Darin said noticing the problem at once. “It is the mud men that need our aid, the Nyrgarders are simply helping as well.”

“But we will do battle together,” Liath said lowly. Then Iounn stepped forward and put her hand on Liath’s giant paw. She seemed to sense what was being said though she could not understand it.

“My people have caused yours great pain centuries ago. Though all those who had done so are long dead, they are my ancestors. I apologize from the depths of my heart for the pain we have caused you. But as a warrior from a race of warriors, to another race of warriors, I ask you will you do battle with us? Only this time we will stand shoulder-to-shoulder to face those that dare call us enemies.”

Hors translated her words and Liath sat a moment without reaction, before a great big grin spread across his face. His teeth were a shocking sight, each tooth looked as big as Darin’s head shaped like tomb stones.

“That I will,” Liath said nodding to Iounn. “And be honored to call you my comrade.”

“Thank you Liath,” Iounn said with a winning smile after Hors translated again.

“I’m starting to think there is no male she cannot sway with her words a smile alone,” Donar said lowly.

“Then we should be glad she is on our side,” Darin answered. Donar nodded soberly as Iounn stepped back from Liath.

“Can you tell us Liath about your dreams?” Hors asked. “About how you came to slumber or why the Dullahan were with you in the dreams?”

“I cannot tell any more than I have for I have no knowledge of it,” Liath answered. “The last I remember I was walking along the coast when struck with the command from our dying king to sleep. Now that I am awake I cannot remember anything more of what I dreamed, not even the Dullahan. I am sorry.”

“It is not your fault,” Hors said disappointed.

“Hors, you said before that the giant’s sleep was commanded by their king,” Darin said thinking it over. “If so then why would their dreams be shared with the Dullahan?”

“I don’t know,” Hors said frustrated. “That is what makes this so confusing. And why would the Dullahan be the only ones to dream?”

Hors just shook his head in frustration and confusion, his tail lashing in irritation.

“For now let us solve another problem,” Donar said in the trade tongue. “Introducing Liath to the Nyrgarders.”

A dead silence rang between them broken by Iounn who sighed heavily.

“That is not something I was not looking forward to,” Iounn said. “But I knew we would have to. I will go back and bring Sten and Roland here so they can meet him first.”

“I’ll go with you,” Kree said and Iounn looked at her shocked.

“There is no need really,” Iounn said and Kree looked back at her with a raised eyebrow.

“You do not know the Rhodin well Iounn,” Kree said with a wicked grin. “We go where we please, even into a king’s court if we so choose. And I have something to discuss with your king.”

“What?” Iounn asked worried. Darin realized of all the time he had known Iounn she had never seemed flustered or off balance until Kree came into the mix.

“An offer to assist in the war efforts,” Kree said and everyone stared at her surprised.

“Do you have the power to pledge that?” Donar asked.

“The Rhodin do not have kings,” Kree said. “I know what the power of kings and queens are to the Phay, and what they are to men. But the Rhodin never needed a king or queen. But we do hold council and I am a Rhodin of standing. I can at least promise the aid of the Rhodin camped in Hólmsted. And I will send out a missive to the other Rhodin over the kingdoms to rally. Whether or not this call is taken up is another matter.”

“We thank you for what you can contribute,” Donar said and Kree looked at pensively.

“I must say I am impressed by you Donar,” Kree said. “You are unlike other kings and queens.”

“I am neither,” Donar said. “I thought I was meant to be, but I realize now that I was only meant to be the partner to one.”

“Partner?” Iounn said shocked. “So then, you’ve lain with men?”

Donar looked at her surprised as well but not offended and then laughed.

“No, Runi is female though in many of her past lives she was male,” Donar said. “Our past lives play no part in our current love however. She bears the title of King because the dwarves always have a king never a queen; that is a different duty to the Phay. Gender has nothing to do with the role they bear.”

“King and Queen maybe a title but the duties for each are different for the Phay,” Hors said. “For instance Clíodhna is the Queen of the Banshee but there is no king of the Banshee. Were a male to take her place he would still be called queen. Kur was the king of the dragons not the queen though she was female.”

“How then is a king different from a queen if not by gender?” Iounn asked. “What are the roles of the kings and queens if they are not always the creators of that race?”

“As I understand it the king or queen of a kingdom here is in essence the ruler, the highest authority of the land,” Hors said. “A king is a male ruler and a queen a female ruler. Some of the problem in this misunderstanding is translation. I am using the words ‘king’ and ‘queen’ only because those are the only words that match what the roles I’m talking about are.

“The highest authority and ruler of a race of the Phay is the King or Queen. Both have absolute authority and power, even having stronger powers in the Elder Magic due to their role. The difference is how involved they are with their race. A king in the Phay divides his or her duties, they usually have a council or chiefs like the Dwarves do. A Queen however rules her people directly laying down the law and overseeing disputes themselves.”

“It sounds like then a Queen has a lot more work and power,” Iounn said surprised.

“Yes and no,” Hors answered. “Both a King and Queen’s law is absolute, so they have the same amount of power over their people. A Queen may have more direct contact with their subjects than a King but they don’t have to settle every problem. I’ve seen the fairies work out problems on their own without ever bringing it to Mab or Titania’s attention. Those of the Phay who only have a Queen tend to be self-sufficient while those with a King dole out responsibilities to certain individuals. Both work, it is just hard to find words in your language that fit this complicated position that our leaders take. Why I fell on those words I don’t really know, I just felt they fit.”

“I see,” Iounn said nodding. “Mab and Titania? There are two Queens of the fairies?”

“They are twins and dreamed the races of the fairies, sprites, and pixies together,” Hors answered. “Some of the races were dreamed by more than one Phay. Mab and Titania rule their people jointly, just as Enfys the King of the Rainbow and Thallo the Queen of the Flowers rule the nymphs jointly.”

Iounn nodded and Darin watched her carefully. She had seemed disturbed by the idea that Donar could have lain with another male. Darin wondered what disturbed her so much. He realized Hors had directed the conversation away from Iounn, to protect her he could tell but he couldn’t understand from what or why.

“So the Kings and Queens of the Phay are not like those of men,” Kree said with a wry grin. “I am glad to hear that since they are seeking to return. The last thing we Rhodin want is another ruler whose head is far too big for the crown they wear.”

“I cannot promise you that,” Hors said with a similar grin. “I can think of several Kings or Queens who think far too much of themselves. But let us go and fetch the current king of Nyrgard and his son so we can humble them in the presence of a giant.”

“Lets,” Kree said with a grin. Iounn only sighed as she and Kree walked away back towards the city.

“It will be several hours until they return,” Donar said. “Liath, you might want to take some rest or eat while they are gone.”

“Please rest,” Zaire said lowly. “I don’t think my ears can take another boulder meal.”

Darin suppressed a laugh at that as Liath nodded slowly.

“I will rest a little,” Liath said. Darin thought he would lie down, but instead he simply closed his eyes and sat like a statue. They sat as well, Hakk going off to get some brush to make a fire. The fire helped keep the chill off, and they sat in the protective shadow of Liath out of the wind. Darin looked over at Zaire huddled in her great fur cloak wondering if she would be up for the challenge of travel despite her claims. He didn’t doubt her will; it was her body and strength he doubted.

As always though his mind eventually returned to Pepper, thinking on where she might be or what she might have been doing. Staring into the smoke of the fire Darin felt his eyes water and vision blur. For a moment he saw something in the smoke, Pepper appearing in the smoke. She was sitting in a forest in a ring of mushrooms; next to her was a woman that looked exactly like her. It must have been Bailey. Across from them sat an old Aldan man, a black and white dog at his side. The vision passed and Darin rubbed his eyes, attributing it to a long day and the desire to see Pepper again.

The King and Roland arrived just at twilight, riding out with a contingent of guards and Iounn with Kree on horseback. They stopped and Sten dismounted, Roland following him. Iounn dismounted, Kree following, and they walked over leaving the guards to hold the horses some distance back. The horses seemed skittish, probably sensing Liath nearby.  

“Well Iounn what is it you and Chief Donar have to show us?” Sten asked when they reached the fireside. Darin looked up at Liath but realized that in the twilight since he sat so still the King had not realized what he was.

“Just this majesty,” Donar answered as he stood and waved at Liath.

“A big rock?” Roland asked. Darin sighed and stood, walking over to Liath and placing his hand on the giant’s arm. His skin felt dry and covered in dirt, thick and wrinkly it hardly felt like a living creature. Liath however felt Darin’s touch and woke, opening his eyes and turning his head to look at Sten and Roland.

Both lords gaped in astonishment to see the giant move, Roland reaching for his sword. Iounn stopped him, her hand on his wrist.

“Milords the legends are true in many ways,” Iounn said and Hors stepped out from inside her hair. “There are such things as giants, dwarves, and dragons, and they stand here before you.”

“We came seeking your aid and that has not changed,” Donar said. “Not just for our people but for Daun.”

“Only the costs of this war are far more than you can imagine,” Darin said gravely. “It will be for the fate of all of Miread, the afterlife, and anything beyond even that.”

“An age is coming to an end milords,” Iounn said. “And a new one is beginning.”

“And we need your help to see it begin,” Hors said and both men stared at him to hear him speak. “What say you?”

For a moment Darin feared both men would turn and run for their horses the look of shock on their faces was so compelling. Then Roland recovered, shaking his head. He freed his hand form Iounn’s grip and let go of his sword. He stepped forward and stood before Liath, looking up into the giant’s face.

“When…When I was a lad I always dreamed of fighting your kind,” Roland said hesitantly. Darin translated the words for Liath, Roland nodding to him in thanks. “But I think it even better to have a giant fight for you.”

Liath listened, his head tipping from side-to-side before he answered.

“I will serve my kith and kin,” Liath said darkly. “I do not serve you. We will fight together today, but do not think we will fight together always.”

Darin felt a chill at those words and looked up to see Liath’s eyes glinting with a bit of anger. Darin looked back at Roland to see him looking to Darin for a translation, oblivious of what was said. Darin glanced at Donar who gave the slightest shake of his head. Darin sighed, knowing what he was about to do would one day come to a bad end.

“He says he is honored to fight alongside the men of Nyrgard,” Darin said and Roland beamed. It left a sour taste in his mouth, but Darin knew if they were to have cooperation for the coming war some lies were going to need to be told. He only wished those lies did not result in more battles to come.

[breath0ftheglacian]

Okay so I want a 2nd opinion. My friend and I talked about Ardyn and she thinks that Ardyn is basically "insane" but I don't think he was. Insanity would imply that he had no idea the ramifications of his actions, and I just don't think that's true.

Oh Anon, thank you for asking, this is one of my favourite topics to discuss… 

(SPOILERS ahead, obviously) Given that he’s (at least) two millennia old, and quite possibly the only human to ever become immortal, I would be surprised if he had not, at some point, gone a little bit insane.However, what is sane and insane, specifically? 

Here’s a brilliant quote from Michel Foucault:“When man deploys the arbitrary nature of his madness, he confronts the dark necessity of the world; the animal that haunts his nightmares and his nights of privation is his own nature, which will lay bare hell’s pitiless truth.”

No, I don’t believe Ardyn is “insane” in the same way that say, Kefka in FFVI is. I believe he’s deeply traumatised, bitter, self-pitying, resentful, and has lost touch with a lot of what is human, yes, but I don’t think his actions can - or should - be explained by pure insanity.The plot of FFXV is a mess, and requires a lot of work to understand. I don’t claim to have all of it mapped out, but based on a lot of lore and snippets that we can gather from the whole compilation of media that is XV, it appears that Ardyn’s fate, as well as Noctis’ sacrifice, has been set up by the Astrals in the beginning, back when the crystal was created.Of course, it’s only a prophecy, and thus, a lot of lives are sacrificed in order to see that Noctis can fulfil his destiny. Now Ardyn knows Noctis is the chosen king, and you could argue that Ardyn directs all the events of the game, pretty much starting from before Kingsglaive, when the Magitek technology was being built by Niflheim, through the false peace treaty, to sending Luna to awaken the Astrals, to taking Noctis’ weapons in Gralea so that he’s forced to use the ring he’s been dreading… literally everything he does, is driving Noctis towards wanting to become the chosen King of light. Even at the end of the last battle, he throws any insult, any painful memory he can at Noctis, to make sure Noctis will hate him, and want to destroy him.Many people say that Ardyn must be insane because he wants to be king and plunge the world into darkness. I don’t think this is his agenda, at all. I believe that along his plan of revenge by ending the Lucis line with Noctis, he knows he will also be defeated by him. The man just fucking wants to die - this may be a bit headcanon-y, but it’s my strong headcanon, that Ardyn sees his only way out of his meaningless existence is to be killed by the chosen King of Light.This gives him an enormous amount of humanity; someone here on Tumblr once said that the game is a metaphor for depression. Yes, depression may be a mental illness, but it doesn’t make one “insane”,  in the sense that I feel a lot of Ardyn’s darkness, his anger, his bitterness, comes from the very human fear of the void, the existential dread that anyone can feel, even within out limited lifespans. Darin De Paul said rightfully, many times, when asked about how he could identify with Ardyn, that playing the villain, you must understand they simply think they are the hero of their story. Ardyn thinks he deserves to have retribution, he feels he’s in the right, there is literally no other way for him.TLDR; no, I don’t think Ardyn is insane. I love him to bits and approve of everything. I think he is a tragic villain, who definitely deserves more screen time, and a story that is better told, so that he doesn’t just appear like a nut-job who’s fucking things up just for the lols.

[melbynews-blog]

NATO – Struktur und Aufgaben

Neuer Beitrag veröffentlicht bei https://melby.de/nato-struktur-und-aufgaben/

NATO – Struktur und Aufgaben

Home » Aktuell » NATO – Struktur und Aufgaben

von Josef Mühlbauer.

Hier finden Sie eine Einführung in die Geschichte, Gründungsidee sowie in die politische und militärische Aufbaustruktur der NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Dieser Beitrag soll einen Einblick verschaffen, in die rechtswissenschaftliche Problematik der NATO Militäroperationen. Warum dies so wichtig ist wird sofort klar, wenn man versteht, dass die NATO die mit Abstand größte Militärorganisation der Menschheitsgeschichte ist. Sich als Europäer mit der NATO auseinanderzusetzen, ist von enormer Bedeutung, da fast alle Länder Europas darin integriert wurden und da deutsche, britische und u.a. französische Soldaten jahrelang in Afghanistan (2001), Nordafrika und im Nahen Osten kämpften.

Die Deutschland-Einsätze (siehe Bild) bringen Zweifel auf, über die Fortbestehung der deutschen Neutralität, welche in der Verfassung seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg verankert wurde. Folgende Fragen werden beantwortet:

Welcher Staat dominiert das politisch-militärische Paradigma der NATO?

Kann anhand der Kriegsgeschichte dieser Organisation überhaupt noch von einem Friedensprojekt gesprochen werden?

Angesichts der Tatsache, dass die NATO rund 300.000 Soldaten an die russische Grenze bringen will, ist es besonders wichtig diese Organisation genau zu analysieren.

Zur Entstehungsgeschichte: Die NATO wurde von ursprünglich 12 Staaten am 4. April 1949 in Washington D.C. (USA) gegründet, während sie ihren Sitz in Brüssel (Belgien) hat. Nach offiziellen Angaben ist es ein „Friedens- und Bündnisprojekt“ – daran glauben auch 89% der Deutschen (Umfrage, 2015). In den ersten vierzig Jahren, also nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges und während des Kalten Krieges, war das erklärte Ziel, die Länder des Warschauer Paktes mit militärischer Stärke abzuschrecken. Man betrachtete die Sowjetunion (bzw. den Kommunismus) als die Hauptgefahr für die Freiheit und Unabhängigkeit Westeuropas – so ein offizieller NATO-Bericht. Als Reaktion darauf trat 1955 der Warschauer-Pakt in Kraft. Diese zwei Bündnisverträge bzw. Machtblöcke kämpften um Einflussgebiete in Europa.

Legitimation: Fragen zur Legitimationsbasis des NATO-Fortbestandes treten nicht nur aufgrund der Verbrechen des Kalten Krieges auf, sondern aufgrund von folgender Inkonsistenz der offiziellen Argumentationskette:

Wie konnte der Warschauer Pakt als Feind und Aggressor gelten, wenn doch die NATO sechs Jahre zuvor gegründet wurde?

Wie belegt man, dass der Kommunismus/Sozialismus der Feind ist, wenn dieser ein Hauptakteur war, im Kampf gegen Faschismus und dem Nationalsozialismus?

Spielen eigennützige, geostrategische Interessen der USA eine Rolle oder waren die „Linken“ (Kommunisten) undemokratisch?

Wie erklärt man sich aber, dass die Sozialisten und Kommunisten in einigen westeuropäischen Staaten legitim und demokratisch an die politische Führung gerieten bzw. fast die Mehrheit hatten? Dieser Linke-Flügel hatte zwischen 1945 – 1965, die Mehrheit in Norwegen (50,9%) und Schweden (51,1%), fast-Mehrheit in Österreich (47,3%), Dänemark (46%), Finnland (47,5%) und in Großbritannien (46,4%). In Italien (40,8%) und Frankreich (42,8%) war der sozialistische linke Flügel auch sehr stark vertreten (Prof. Bartolini S. 60-61).

Nicht zu vergessen, dass die USA die demokratisch gewählte Regierung im Iran 1953 und in Chile 1972 stürtzte. Im übrigen ist ein „Regime-Change“ Völkerrechtsbruch laut UN-Charta Art. 2 (7), welcher dem Staat den Grundsatz der Nichteinmischung in innere Angelegenheiten garantiert. Wer wollte Gaddafi, Saddam und Assad stürtzen?

Mal ganz abgesehen von den bisher erwähnten Fakten gibt es mittlerweile den „Kommunismus“ gar nicht. Russland und sogar China sind zu kapitalistischen Systemen transformiert. Russland wird zwar als „gelenkte Demokratie“ angesehen, ist aber bei weitem nicht so diktatorisch (Saudi-Arabien) und menschenrechtsverletzend (Israel) wie die größten Bündnispartner der USA.

Die USA, als die größte Armee und Gründungsnation der NATO ist keine echte Demokratie, sondern eine Oligarchie – wie es die Princeton Studie beweist.

Problematik in der Zielsetzung: Im NATO-Staatenvertrag wird die ursprüngliche Aufgabe dieser Organisation schon in der Päambel erwähnt:

„Sie sind bestrebt, die innere Festigkeit und das Wohlergehen im Nordatlantischen Gebiet zu fördern“.

(BGBl. 1955 II S. 289, i.d.F. des Protokolls v. 17. 10. 1951; Download auf engl. – Hier)

Die NATO steht auch heute noch zu diesem Manifest: „Zweck des Nordatlantischen Büdnisses besteht darin (…) die Stabilität des gesamten Euro-atlantischen Raumes gegen neue Gefahren (Terrorismus) zu schützen“.

Die Frage wird laut, ob diese Doktrin nicht Länder wie Russland und China exkludiert? Ist ein Weltfrieden dann überhaupt möglich, wenn man nicht alle Länder inkludiert? Schafft man somit nicht nur Feindbilder und Abgrenzung? Diese Abgrenzung steht nicht nur indirekt im Staatsvertrag der NATO, sondern wurde in einer klaren Aussprache des NATO-Generalsekretärs Lord Ismay folgendermaßen formuliert: Die Allianz bestehe,

„um die Russen draußen zu halten, die Amerikaner drinnen und die Deutschen unten.“

(Ziemer, S.65; Vawick S.34; Winkler)

Diese Art der Ausgrenzung (und Unterdrückung) und die Völkerrechtsbrüche der NATO, wie ich im Verlauf noch zeigen werde, sind Faktoren, welche der Aufklärung (Kant), als auch dem Humanismus komplett widersprechen. Das Buch des vielleicht größten Deutschen Philosophen: „Zum Ewigen Frieden“ hat maßgeblich die UN-Charta beeinflusst. Die darin enthaltenen Kriterien für den Weltfrieden stehen im kompletten Widerspruch zur Handlungsweise der NATO:

Entmilitarisierung: „Stehende Heere (miles perpetuus) sollen mit der Zeit aufhören“

Keine Intervention und präventive Kriegsführung: „Kein Staat soll sich in die Verfassung und Regierung eines anderen Staates gewalttätig einmischen“

Keine Expansion aufgrund von „käufliches Erwerben“: „Es soll kein Staat von einem anderen Staat durch Erbschaft, Tausch, Kauf oder Schenkung erworben werden“

Pentagon, Getty Images

  Neues Wettrüsten? Bevor ich auf die Statistik und die Rüstungsindustrie eingehe, möchte ich die US-Rechtswissenschaftlerin Rosa Brooks erwähnen: In ihrem Buch „How Everything Became War and the Military Became Everything“ beschreibt sie, wie ein großer Teil des US-Militärs (Pentagon) sich seit den 9/11-Anschlägen in verdeckten Operationen involviert und wie die Grenze zwischen Krieg und Frieden förmlich aufgelöst wurde. Das Pentagon erweiterte nicht nur das Militärbudget in astronomisch hohe Summen, sondern erweiterte auch das Militär in fast alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche („How the Pentagon Became Walmart“).

Stern = bekannte Stützpunkte; Rote Punkte = „Lily-Pads-Basen“ Investigative Workshop – American University

Die Militärausgaben der USA betrugen 2015 rund $ 596 Mrd. – somit mehr als die von China, Russland, Nordkorea, Iran, Irak, Syrien, Kuba, Libyen, Libanon, Jordanien, Afghanistan, Pakistan und Somalia zusammen! Laut der Studie der „American University“ (Washington) und laut Aussagen des US-General Dempsey, werden unter den Code-Namen „Lily Pads“, werden rund um die Uhr weltweit neue Militärbasen errichtet, mit einem Netz aus Kampfdrohnen („weltweit größte Terroraktion“ – Prof. Chomsky) und Kommandoeinheiten. Seit 1945 waren 17 Millionen amerikanische Militärs in den unzähligen (über 200) US-Basen in Deutschland stationiert (aktuell mindestens 9 Basen aktiv) – zum Download des Berichts der Deutschen Botschaft.

Während Israels Nuklearwaffen ein Tabuthema sind und weiter ausgebaut werden, rüsteten die ehemaligen Sowjet-Staaten Weißrussland, Kasachstan und die Ukraine ihre Atomwaffen ab. Während Israel in strenger Geheimhaltung Nuklearwaffen baute wird der Iran fast schon gezwungen (durch Sanktionen) sein Nuklearprogramm zu stoppen – Borger, 2014. Da Israel der Hauptverbündete der USA und ein Kooperationsmitglied der NATO (MD) ist, wäre ein Blick auf deren Kriegsverbrechen, Expansionismus und Geschichte wichtig – alleine schon damit man die Frage eines Beitrittes in die NATO beurteilen kann – hier zum Beitrag.

„Die Achse des Bösen“, also die von G. W. Bush definierten „Schurkenstaaten“ erscheinen im Verhältnis zur USA, der NATO und ihren Verbündeten wie ein kleines Kind im Ring gegen Klitschko. Allein der Begriff „Achse des Bösen“, den die Bush-Administration in die Welt setzte, wurde tausende Male durch die Medien wiedergegeben und ist im Grunde genommen als „kultureller Fundamentalismus“ anzusehen – wie es die Schweizer Juristin Gret Haller analysiert. Diese Polarisierung und diese Freund-Feind-Dichotomie führte mit Sicherheit dazu, dass sich Angst und Schrecken verbreitete und damit verbunden auch das Sicherheitsbedürfnis anstieg – die logische Folge: Militarisierung und Polizeistaat.

Statistik und Design von Ashley Lane

Während sich der „Hauptfeind“ (Sowjetunion – 1989) und sein Militärbündnis (1991) auflösten, wuchs die Expansion der NATO stetig weiter, trotz der angeblichen Versprechen dies nicht zu tun – hier zur „Genscher-Lüge“. Welche Legitimationsbasis hat die NATO eigentlich nach dem Fall des Gegners? „Die Ukraine-Krise erinnert die NATO an ihr Gründungsmotiv“ so der ehmalige Verteidigungsminister der USA Chuck Hagel. Zuerst muss man sich jedoch die Frage beantworten, wer denn wirklich der Aggressor im Ukraine-Krieg war? – hier ein Antwortversuch. Und was war eigentlich mit den zwanzig Jahren vor der  Ukraine-Krise? 1971 deklarierte Richard Nixon „the war on drugs“ (Stanford Uni). Seit dem 11.9.2001 schaffte man sich das Problem mit dem „verschundenen Feinbild“ endgültig vom Hals mit dem sogenannten „War on Terror“. Das Konzept des Terrorismus als eine undefinierbare und überall mögliche Präsenz schafft somit eine immerwährende Legitimation für einen „Präventivschlag“ und Krieg (NSS-Doktrin). Im „Neusprech“ (G. Orwell: „Krieg ist Frieden“) wird somit die Militarisierung und Expansion im offiziellen Strategie-Bericht (S. 9) der NATO, als „Stärkung der Verteidigungsfähigkeiten“ artikuliert, während das Pentagon im Klartext vom „Full Spectrum Dominance“ (Joint Vision 2020) redet.

Aus völkerrechtlicher Perspektive sind jedoch diese „vorbeugenden Selbstverteidigungsmaßnahmen“ der US/ NATO nicht gerechtfertigt, da die realen Bedrohungen a) nie bewiesen wurden und meist auf Lügen basieren (Tonkin, 935 Lügen vor dem Irak-Krieg (PCI), Brutkasten-Lüge …) und b) ein Regimechange aufgrund der UN-Charta Art 2 (7) gesetzeswidrig ist. Des weiteren ist es gesetzeswidrig, was die USA-NATO Operationen im Namen der Selbstverteidigung machen, weil das „Verhältnismäßigkeitsprinzip“ nicht stimmt, wie es die folgende Grafik zeigt:

Die Abbildung zeigt, dass im Zeitraum von 2001-2015 rund 3.380 US-Bürger aufgrund von Terroranschlägen gestorben sind, während in den Jahren danach allein 15.444 US-Soldaten ihr Leben gelassen haben — im Kampf gegen den Terrorismus. Schon allein diese Zahlen stehen nicht im Verhältnis, jedoch wird es auch noch völkerrechtswidrig, sobald wir uns den militärischen „Gegenschlag“ der USA im Nahen Osten anschauen: Um genau zu sein starben in nur drei Ländern (Irak, Pakistan, Afghanistan) rund 1.3 Mio. Menschen. Außerhalb von diesem direkten „9/11- Gegenschlag“ beziehe ich auch noch die 400.000 Todesopfer Syriens in die Rechnung, da es ebenfalls eine Kampagne des „War on Terror“ ist (auch wenn indirekt durch das Bewaffnen der „gemäßigten“ Rebellen).

Kriegsgeschichte: Die Frage wird versucht zu beantworten ob die NATO und deren Mitgliedsländer, aktiv daran beteiligt waren sich kriegerisch in die Politik der anderen Länder einzumischen. Das schweizer Friedensforschungsinstitut SIPER zeigt anhand der nachfolgenden Infographiken die Kriegsgeschichte der NATO:

     USA: Das Buch „The Pentagons New Map“ vom US-Geostrategen T. Barnett zeigt voller stolz diese Karte und sagt gleichzeitig schon vieles über den geopolitischen Hegemon aus. Die Karte zeigt, dass allein im Zeitraum von 1990 bis 2003 die USA und somit das Pentagon an mehr als 40 Interventionen weltweit beteiligt waren.

Zur verdeckten Kriegsführung der USA/CIA und deren Verbrechen gegen die Demokratie und Menschlichtkeit, habe ich ausführlich berichtet. Darin wird empirisch belegt, dass die USA wesentlich das politische Paradigma in über 30 fremden Ländern (mit-)bestimmt hat: hier zum Beitrag. Halten Sie sich vor Augen, dass ein Imperium die NATO anführt und eigentlich auch gegründet hat. Ein Imperium? „Amerika ist ein Imperium (gewöhnt euch daran)“ betitelte die NY-Times ihren Beitrag; während uns der US-Think Tank Stratfor davon erzählt, wieviel Verantwortung die USA als Imperium trägt. Über 1.000 Mal wurde in US-Zeitschriften die USA als Imperium bezeichnet und selbst Vize-Präsident Dick Cheney sprach 2003 davon – so die Princeton University Studie. Diese terminologische Genauigkeit ist deshalb so wichtig, weil man sich die Frage stellen muss, ob die einzige Weltmacht und das stärkste Imperium der Menschheitsgeschichte auch den Diskurs in NATO-Politik dominiert? Diese Frage beantworte ich noch im Verlauf des Beitrages.

Deutschland liefert Waffen an Diktaturen (Saudi Arabien – 361 Mio. €) und an Länder, welche das Menschen- und Völkerrecht missachten (Israel – 267 Mio €; Türkei – 84 Mio. €). Man sät Waffen und will Frieden ernten? Was die westliche Politik nicht nur durch Waffenexporte angerichtet, erklärt der Journalist und Nah-Ost Experte Michael Lüders ausführlich. Man will Demokratie verbreiten und die Werte der Aufklärung hochhalten, während man Waffen an Diktaturen liefert? Indirekt schafft man Krieg und baut danach Mauern, um die Kriegsflüchtlinge nicht aufzunehmen?

Der Krieg in Afghanistan 2001, war gegen das geltende Völkerrecht und ein Bundeswehreinsatz hätte abgelehnt werden müssen – so die rechtswissenschaftliche Analyse des Deutschen Rechtsprofessors Norman Paech. Trotzdem waren dort über ein Jahrzehnt NATO-Basen und Deutsche Soldaten stationiert. Müssen die Deutschen wirklich in einem völkerrechtswidrigen Krieg das Töten lernen? Macht die NATO den Krieg wieder salonfähig in Deutschland, trotz der bitteren Erfahrungen des Zweiten Weltkrieges?

Frankreich: Der Ressourcenkampf in Mali (Gold; Uran/ Areva Konzern) ausgehend vom NATO-Mitbegründerstaat Frankreich erinnert mich an die alte Zeit des Kolonialismus und verwickelte die USA und die NATO in Interventions-Gespräche. Seit Jahren operieren französische Militärs in Afrika mit dem Ziel, diesen Kontinent zu „befrieden“. Mali, als eines der reichsten Länder an Bodenschätzen, steht heute noch im völligem Chaos. Es herrscht dort Korruption, Krieg und Hunger. Frankreichs Kolonialisierung Nordafrikas (Tunesien, Marokko, Algerien) schien auch während des Kalten Krieges kein Ende zu nehmen: Die „Ereignisse von Algerien“ (Neusprech für Algerienkrieg) aus den Jahren 1954 bis 1962 waren durch Unterdrückung, Informationskampagnen (Zensur-Spitzelsysteme) und Menschenrechtsverletzungen geprägt. Frankreich hat die Souveränitätsansprüche militärisch niedergeschlagen, während man die Ausbeutung und ungleiche Wohlstandsverteilung aufrecht erhielt. Wurde Frankreich aus der NATO ausgeschlossen, weil es in fremden Staaten die Demokratie verhinderte? Ein Hauptargument gegen die Sowjetunion war es immer, dass sie undemokratisch gewesen ist. Wenn dies also die Legitimationsbasis der NATO ist und wenn die NATO so viel Wert auf Demokratien legt, frage ich mich, warum sie das faschistische Portugal (Estado Novo v. 1933 – 1974) als Gründungsmitglied überhaupt akzeptiert hat und warum die Militärdiktatur Griechenland (1967-1974), nicht aus diesem „Friedensbund“ ausgeschlossen wurde?

NATO: Schon die Angriffsdrohung der NATO vor 1999 gegen Serbien war ein Verstoß gegen die UN-Charta, geschweige denn die Tatsache, dass zum ersten mal in der Menschheitsgeschichte eine „Institution“ einem Staat den Krieg erklärte (Hipp). Dies geschah darüber hinaus ohne die Zustimmung aller UN-Mitglieder. Ein völkerrechtswidriger Krieg also?

Die schon im Vorfeld des Irakkrieges durch die USA und Teile der US-Medien betriebene Kriegspropaganda stellt eine Verletzung von Art. 20 des Internationalen Paktes über bürgerliche und politische Rechte dar – so das österreichische Institut für Menschenrechte ETC-Graz. Unzählige Rechtswissenschaftler und Professoren erklärten auch den Irak-Krieg 2003 für völkerrechtswidrig (Holger P Hestermeyer; Hans Arnold, Baumann 2008). Darüber hinaus stellte die absichtliche Manipulation (Falschmeldung über Iraks Massenvernichtungswaffen), die Kooperation mit den USA prinzipiell in Frage. Denn dabei wird die Frage gestellt, ob es sich bei der Intervention im Irak, um eine Selbstverteidigung gehandelt hat (Kriegs-Prävention) oder ob Erdöl-Interessen das Kriegsmotiv war? Das „UPI-Institut“ für Umwelt und Prognose belegte die Theorie, dass „Erdöl-Interessen“ der Hauptgrund der Intervention war. Ist die NATO etwa an Ressourcenkriegen beteiligt gewesen? Die NATO attackierte 2011 den achtgrößten Erdölproduzenten der Welt, nämlich Libyen, im Namen „der Rettung der zivilen Bevölkerung“ vor dem Diktator Gaddafi. Heute, fünf Jahre später, ist Libyen im völligen Chaos versunken, erneut in einer Kriegssituation und voll mit islamistischen Terror-Organisationen. Darüber hinaus löste diese humanitäre Krise enorme Flüchtlingsströme aus – Hier zum Thema Flüchtlingskrisen.

Italien und Türkei: Die Möglichkeit der totalen und atomaren Selbstvernichtung der Welt, also die berühmte „Kubakrise“ begann damit, dass die USA Atomwaffen in Italien und in der Türkei (April 1962) stationierte, wobei als Antwort darauf die Sowjetunion ihrerseits Atomraketen in Kuba (Oktober 1962) aufstellte. Die NATO-Mitglieder Italien und vor allem die Türkei spielten in dieser menschlichen Tragödie die „unbemerkte Nebenrolle“. PS: weil der Sieger die Geschichte schreibt, heißt es nicht „Türkei-Krise“.

Transparenz: Des Weiteren muss kritisiert werden, dass wenig demokratische Einsehbarkeit herrscht, was einerseits verständlich ist, da es sich um eine militärische Organisation handelt und man nicht den Gegner geheime Information zukommen lassen will. Aber andererseits werden somit die demokratischen Kontroll- und Mitentscheidungsprozesse außer Kraft gesetzt. Die zivile Kontrolle über dem Militär ging in den Baltischen Staaten sowie in Bulgarien und Rumänien komplett verloren, da diese Länder nach dem Vorbild der NATO, nach dem „Top-to-Bottom“ Prinzip ausgerichtet wurden – so der US- Prof. und Politikwissenschaftler Wade Jacoby (S.116).

Politisch-militärische Struktur und Hierarchie:

     Die öffentlichen Gesichter der NATO, also die Generalsekretäre, waren in der gesamten Geschichte der NATO alle ausschließlich Europäer wie links in der Grafik zu sehen ist. Dies gibt den Europäern wahrscheinlich das Gefühl, dass Europa die dominierende Rolle in der NATO spielt, was jedoch völlig falsch ist angesichts folgender Tatsache:

Die operative Führung, welche alle militärischen Einsätze der NATO leitet, also der Posten des „Surpreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR)“, war bisher in der gesamten Geschichte der NATO stets ein US-Admiral.

Der SACEUR ist ein Teil des „SHAPE“ (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe), während er gleichzeitig der Kommandeur des „USEUCOM“ (US. European Command) ist. Das USEUCOM ist hingegen ein Teil der sechs US-Regionalkommandos:

Das USEUCOM ist also die oberste Instanz der operativen Militärstruktur der NATO. Die USEUCOM ist wiederum dem Pentagon untergeordnet, welches wie die Abbildung zeigt, die Welt in sechs US-Bereiche eingeteilt hat. Ob Russland oder China auch Militärstützpunkte weltweit haben bzw. die Welt auch so nach Kommandos aufteilen?

„Die NATO ist fest in der amerikanischen Händen und ein Teil der US-Geostrategie“ – so die Konklusion des Historiker und Friedensforscher Dr. Daniele Ganser. Ein weiterer Hinweis für diese Aussage gibt uns die Personalie der NATO, names James J. Jones. Er war nicht nur der oberste Kommandeur der NATO (SACEUR), sondern auch der Kommandeur der USEUCOM.

Er wurde unter Präsident Obama als Nationaler Sicherheitsberater nominiert. Diese Position war in der Geschichte der USA stets von großen Geostrategen, wie u.a. Henry Kissinger („World Order“) und Zbigniew Brzezinski („The Grand Chess Board“: American Primacy) besetzt. War Jones nicht Teil des NATO-Friedenprojektes? Warum setzt er sich für die Obama-Administration ein, die in Pakistan einen völkerrechtswidrigen Drohnenkrieg führt?

Einen weiteren Hinweis, wer das Kommando über die NATO hat und welche Rolle dabei die europäischen Länder spielen, gibt uns der ehem. US-Präsident Richard Nixon:

Die norwegische Politikwissenschaftlerin Janne Haaland beschreibt ausführlich, dass die europäischen Mitgliedsstaaten der NATO sich oftmals gegen koordinierte militärische Einsätze aussprachen und somit die operative Führungsrolle der USA überliesen (Janne, S. 1-3).

Der britische Politikwissenschaftler Jolyon Howorth betitelte sogar sein Buch mit „Defending Europe“. Darin drückt er die Gefahr aus, dass die Europäischen Staaten aufgrund der US-Hegemonie im NATO-Bündnis ihre Interessen nicht mehr wahren könnten.

Spannungsfeld: Besteht ein Konsens über die NATO oder spaltet diese Organisation die Gemüter? Haben sich alle Staaten „freiwillig“ zur NATO angeschlossen? Die viel wichtigere Frage ist, haben sich die Bevölkerungen der einzelnen Staaten freiwllig dazu entschlossen, dass ihr Staat ein NATO-Mitglied wird?

Schon 1955 gab es in der BRD (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) heftige Proteste:

1983 gingen rund 1,3 Mio. Menschen auf die Straßen, um gegen den NATO (Doppelbeschluss) zu protestieren:

In Polen, Deutschland und Großbritannien fanden 2016 heftige NATO-Proteste statt. Aus der Deutschen US-Basis Ramstein werden Drohneneinsätze ausgeführt und in drei NATO-Ländern wurden US-Atomwaffen stationiert (Türkei, Italien und Deutschland) – auch diesbezüglich gab es keine Volksabstimmung, sondern nur heftige Protestbewegungen.

Eine Friedensbewegung bemüht sich doch, dass eine weltweite Entmilitarisierung erfolgt, folglich dass auch die Nuklearsprengköpfe abmontiert werden, oder? Stattdessen wandert ein „Raketen-Schirm-System“ kontinuierlich nach Osten – steht heute schon in Polen und morgen schon in der Ukraine?

Zwischen helfen und erkaufen Die Gründungsländer der NATO (1949) also u.a. Belgien, Frankreich, Italien, Niederlande, Portugal und Großbritannien bekamen mit dem „ERP“ (Europaen Recovery Program) des Marshallplanes im Zeitraum von 1948 (vor der NATO-Gründung) bis 1952 Rohstoffe, Gelder, Lebensmittel und Technik in Wert von fast 130 Mrd. US-Dollar (damals fast $ 13 Mrd.). Damit wollte die USA sicherlich ein Gleichgewicht zum Einfluss Moskaus schaffen, zumal in Frankreich und Italien kommunistische Parteien vor Wahlsiegen standen! Eigennützige Mechanismen wurden von den USA eingebaut („EU Cooporation Act“), mit dem Ziel, die europäischen Märkte zum Vorteil der US-Konzerne zu öffnen und den Kommunismus einzudämmen. Auf dieses Angebot reagierte Moskau mit dem „Molotow-Plan“ und verbot seinen Sowjetstaaten Hilfsgelder der USA anzunehmen. Hat der Sowjetunion diese philantropische Spende etwa nach Ideologie und Eigennutz gestunken oder warum nahm man diese „Geschenke“ nicht an? Der Marshall-Plan war sicherlich ein Meilenstein in der US-Europäischen Zusammenarbeit und Annäherung und somit war dieses Hilfspaket auch ein Fundament der NATO-Entstehungsgeschichte.

NATO Geheimarmeen: Das paramilitärische Projekt von MI6/CIA namens stay-behind-Netzwerk (u.a. „Gladio“ in Italien, oder „P26“ in der Schweiz), beeinflusste durch false Flag Operationen (mittels Terror) das politische Paradigma Westeuropas. Die politische Fahrrichtung gezielt zu lenken geschah durch die systematische Angst-Erzeugung (Bombenanschläge in Zügen und öffentlichen Marktplätzen in Italien) und u.a. durch die Unterstützung von rechtsorientierten coup d’etats (Griechenland und Türkei). Der italienische Richter Felice Casson konnte den Fall rund um den Terroranschlag 1972 in Peteano (Italien) als eine „False Flag Operation“ der italienischen Geheimdienste in Zusammenarbeit mit rechtsorientierten Terroristen und dem stay-behind Netz namens Gladio aufdecken (Ganser, S.3). Allein in Italien wurden 491 Menschen durch rechtsradikale Terroranschläge der Gladio getötet – so die Konklusion des italienischen Abgeordneten Giovanni Pellegrino (Ganser S.5). Eine italienische Untersuchungskommission vom Jahr 2000 kam zum Schluss: „Diese Massaker, diese Bomben und militärischen Aktionen wurden von Männern innerhalb italienischer staatlicher Einrichtungen organisiert oder gefördert und auch von Männern, die mit den Strukturen der Geheimdienste der USA in Verbindung standen“ (Ganser, S.39). Wollte man nicht den Euro-atlantischen Raum befrieden und sichern? Wollte die NATO nicht den Terrorismus eigentlich bekämpfen?

Ein ehemaliges Geheimdokument namens SIFAR (oben links) vom Jahr 1959 plante Westeuropa präventive Maßnahmen gegen eine eventuelle sowjetische Invasion. Deswegen wurde eine geheime „anti-kommunistische“ Armee installiert. Hier zum Download dieses wichtigen historischen Dokuments. Als erster entlarvte der italienische Premierminister Giulio Andreotti die Existenz dieser Geheimarmee (Gladio). Am 22. Nov. 1990 wurde die „Gladio-Affäre“ auch im Europa-Parlament offen diskutiert (Nr. C 324/ 201). Es gab diesbezüglich parlamentarische Untersuchungen in Belgien, Italien und in der Schweiz.

Verdeckte Kriegsführung? Der US-Professor für Anthropologie David H. Price verweist darauf, dass die Strategien („NSA Security Act 1949“; „NSC-68’s“; „Policy Planning Study 23“) der CIA bzw. des Pentagons im Kalten Krieg mit folgenden Mittel arbeiteten: geheime Auftragsmorde, Entführungen, Unterdrückung von demokratischen Bewegungen (usw.), die in der breiten Öffentlichkeit nicht wahrgenommen wurden aufgrund der „Militarisierung der Anthropologie“. Diese Transformierung des Bewusstseins gelang durch die Finanzierung von Forschungsarbeiten und über 100 NGOs und Institute (Price, S.172). Also doch nichts Neues?

Damit ich den Beitrag mit einem positiven Schwung abschließe werde ich darauf hinweisen, dass es viele Dinge gibt, die jeder einzelne tun kann:

Überprüfen Sie alle Quellen in diesem Beitrag und prüfen Sie den Wahrheitsgehalt.

Sobald Sie danach zu einer Konklusion gekommen sind, reden Sie mit Freunden und Bekannten über dieses spannende Thema und tauschen Sie sich aus. Informieren Sie Personen in Ihrem Umfeld.

Schließen Sie sich Anti-Kriegs-Demonstrationen an und lernen Sie dort neue Menschen kennen, von welchen Sie an neue Informationen herankommen. Dies ist auch wichtig damit Sie nicht das Gefühl haben, alleine mit dieser negativen Info dazustehen.

Denken Sie kritisch über Zeitungsartikel und Kriegsmeldungen in den Medien nach.

Beteiligen Sie sich an Petitionen und an Volksabstimmungen bezüglich des NATO-Austrittes.

Literatur:

Vernoica Ziemer – Zwischen Europa und Amerika: Polens Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik nach 1989, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. Johannes Varwick – Die NATO: Vom Verteidigungsbüdnis zur Weltpolizei?, C.H. Beck, 2008. Heinrich August Winkler – Geschichte des Westens: Vom Kalten Krieg zum Mauerfall, C.H. Beck, 2015. Immanuel Kant – Zum Ewigen Frieden: Ein philosophischer Entwurf, Holzinger, 2013. Joachim Baumann – Die Legalität des Irak-Krieges 2003 aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht, Grin, 2008. Daniele Ganser – Natos Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, Routledge, 2004. David Price – Cold War Anthropology: The CIA, The Pentagon, and the Growth of Dual Use Anthropology, Duke University Press, 2016. Wade Jacoby – The Enlargement of the European Union and NATO: Ordering from the Menu in Central Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2006. The North Atlantic Treaty (1949) – Washington D.C. – 4. April 1949. Dietrich Murswiek – Organstreitverfahren, 9.3.2007. German Embassy Washington – Fact Sheet: American Bases in Germany, 2003. Immanuel Kant, Otfried Höffe (Hrsg.) – Zum Ewigen Frieden, Akademie Verlag, 2004. Annie Jacobsen – The Pentagons Brain, Little Brown and Co., 2015. Janne Haaland Matlary, Magnus Petersson – NATO’s European Allies: Military Capability and Political Will, Palgrave MacMillian, 2013. Jolyon Howorth, John T.S. Keeler – Defending Europe: The EU, NATO and the Quest for European Autonomy, Palgrave MacMillian, 2003. Rosa Brooks – How Everything Became War and the Military Became Everything: Tales from the Pentagon, Simon & Schuster, 2016. Stefano Bartolini – The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860-1980, Cambridge studies in Comparative Politics, New York, 2000.

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Dieser Beitrag erschien am 30.9.2016 bei www.josefmuehlbauer.com

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Veröffentlicht am: 2. Mai 2018

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[gotthetune-blog]

Our 100 Favorite Songs

Our favorite songs in no particular order:

Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen

Hallelujah by Leonard Cohen

I Get a Kick Out of You by Ella Fitzgerald

New Orleans Stomp by Louis Armstrong

Beyond the Sea by Bobby Darin

All of the Lights by Kanye West

Tabernacle by Royce da 5′9″

Back in Black by ACDC

Glass Heart by Magic Giant

I Want to Hold Your Hand by The Beatles

Eight Days a Week by The Beatles

Only Sixteen by Sam Cooke

Treaty by Leonard Cohen

The Boxer by Simon and Garfunkel

Lettre à la Republique by Kery Jam

A Change is Gonna Come by Sam Cooke

Nothing Can Change This Love by Sam Cooke

Summertime by Sam Cooke

Vivir Mi Vida by Marc Athony

Moondance by Van Morrison

Feelin’ Good by Nina Simone

Caravan by Van Morrison

Perpetual Blues Machine by Keb’ Mo’

Sound of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel

American Pie by Don McLean

Piano Man by Billy Joel

Tomorrow is Today by Billy Joel

Respect by Aretha Franklin

Something by The Beatles

Ultralight Beam by Kanye West

Cocoa Butter Kisses by Chance the Rapper

Down on the Corner by Creedence Clearwater Revival

Signed Sealed Delivered by Stevie Wonder

Careless Whisper by George Michael

Starfish and Coffee by Prince

Kiss by Prince

Grandma’s Hands by Bill Withers

Infinite by Eminem

Bad by Michael Jackson

Don’t Worry Be Happy by Bobby McFerrin

Somebody to Love by Queen

La Vie en Rose by Edith Piaf

Take Five by Dave Brubeck

Roxanne by The Police

I Got You by James Brown

No Role Modelz by J. Cole

Superstition by Stevie Wonder

Budapest by George Ezra

Scarborough Fair by Simon and Garfunkel

Ill Mind of Hopsin 8 by Hopsin

La Totura by Shakira

She’s Got a Way by Billy Joel

Good Vibrations by The Beach Boys

God Only Knows by The Beach Boys

Work Song by Hozier

No Scrubs by TLC

Dream A Little Dream of Me by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong

Everyday by Buddy Holly

Thriller by Michael Jackson

Guts Over Fear by Eminem

Crazy in Love by Beyoncé

Papaoutai by Stromae

Lay It Down by Al Green

Fly Me To the Moon by Frank Sinatra

I Want a Little Sugar in My Bowl by Nina Simone

America by Royce da 5′9″

Come on Eileen by Dexys Midnight Runners

Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles

Hey There Delilah by The Plain White T’s

Say Hey by Michael Franti & Spearhead

Smells Like Teen Spirit by Nirvana

Lil Mama by Jain

Speedom by Tech N9ne, Eminem, and Krizz Kaliko

Say My Name by Destiny’s Child

Paparazzi by Lady Gaga

Joanne by Lady Gaga

Telephone by Lady Gaga and Beyoncé

Silver Bells by Stevie Wonder

La Prima Vez by Owain Phyfe

New York New York by Frank Sinatra

It Was A Very Good Year by Frank Sinatra

Swimming Pools by Kendrick Lamar

Hips Don’t Lie by Shakira

Truth Or Dare by Shakira

Have You Ever Seen the Rain by Creedence Clearwater Revival

Message Man by Twenty One Pilots

Sunday Morning by Maroon Five

The Chain by Fleetwood Mac

White Trash Beautiful by Everlast

I Heard it Through the Grapevine by Marvin Gaye

Ho Hey by The Lumineers

50 Ways to Leave Your Lover by Paul Simon

A Boy Named Sue by Johnny Cash

April Come She Will by Simon and Garfunkel

What’s the Difference by Dr. Dre, Eminem, Phish, and Xzibit

Still D.R.E. by Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg

None of Us Are Free by Solomon Burke

Rolling on the River by Creedence Clearwater Revival

Stan by Eminem and Dido

Natural Woman by Aretha Franklin

[fabiansteinhauer]

für Ricardo Spindola, den Puppenspieler

Quacksalber, die vor die Hunde gehen

1.

Maximilian Herberger ist einer der Rechtstheoretiker, der ein Quacksalber ist, der vor die Hunde ging - und immer schön dogmatisch blieb. Vor die Hunde gehen, d.i. 'Erfahrung machen'.

Bevor die Muppets Show den Quack, that's gone to the dogs zu einer wichtigen Figur der Rechts- und Regenstheorie um 1980 gemacht hatte, war alles schon lange angelegt, um das zu können, was die Muppets machen. Der New Yorker Dr. Bob Quack aus der Muppetsshow kommentiert das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch so wie der deutsche Jurist Professor Friedrich Rudolf Quack, beide jeweils aus torkelnder Entfernung. Der eine kommentiert schon das Sprechen, das Tafeln, Gestikulieren und Salben, bevor die Studentinnen und Studenten auch nur das erste Mal eine Anfängerübung besuchen und ernsthaft daran gedacht haben, bürgerlich oder gesetzlich zu werden, das ist der Dr. Bob Quack aus der Muppetsshow, der kleine Quack, that's gone to the dogs.

Der andere, der Prof. Friedrich Rudolf Quack durfte zwar im Münchner Kommentar mitschreiben, trug damit aber auch das Risiko, im Leben zu spät zu kommen und bestraft zu werden, oder mit thrakisch lachenden Studentinnen und Studenten belohnt, beloved, belawt, belauert, beladen, betrachtet: also gerichtet und geregt zu werden.

Das Wissen funktioniert automatisch, dafür braucht man weder Zettelkästen noch Puppen, weder Deleuze noch Luhmann. Durch das Automatische verschwinden weder die Subjekte noch die Objekte, auch nicht Handlungen und Behandlungen, nicht die Treaties, nicht die Lateran Treaties und nicht die Art und Weise, wie Maximilian Herberger die Geschichte der Dogmatik als Geschichte der Mediziner und Salber rekonstruiert. Mit einem Blick auf das Automatische wird der Blick nicht besser. Mit dem Blick auf das Maschinelle und Sekundäre, der einen auf archronologisch geschichteten Material sitzenden und diesem Material triebhaft verflochten Blick involviert, sieht man nicht besser, aber servierender und versierter, mithin wendiger.

Dass man zwischen Herbergers Dogmatik, die Erfahrungswissenschaft und Erfahrungstechnik ist, mit Leichtigkeit eine Verbindung zu den Muppets, zu the Quacks two bodies, zu Warburg oder aber zu Deleuzes kleinem Text über die zwei Systeme der Verrückten herstellen kann, ist nicht unbedingt selbstverständlich, verständlich ist es schon und beständig nur in einer Anzahl der Operationen, die diese Verbindung ständig hält. So eine Assoziation kann automatisch sein, das schließt ihre Freiheit nicht aus. Sie kann unbeständig sein, das schließt ihre vorübergehende Existenz nicht aus, auch nicht flugs aktualisierendes und darin auch passioniertes cogito. Dass so eine Assoziation selbstverständlich sein kann und man sie als selbstreferentiell betrachten kann, ist auch nicht ausgeschlossen. Die Kritik am Dogma der großen Trennung, am Begriff der Selbstreferenz und der Ausdifferenzierung soll insoweit nichts widerlegen. Ihre Kritik ist Technik, kriseln,kreischen, kreisen zu lassen, also bolische Übersetzung für unbeständige Verhältnisse wahrzunehmen und auszuüben, immer so, dass nach der Differenzierung vor der Differenzierung bleibt.

Salben ist eine juridische Kulturtechnik, die nicht nur mit dem Dämon des Selben hadert, sondern auch mit dem Nikodemus des Selben, weil sie mit dem achronologische geschichteten Material hadert, dem man triebhaft verflochten aufsitzt. Wenn die ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen feststehen würde, müsste Kalenderführung einen nicht beunruhigen, tut sie aber zu recht ganz rege.

2.

Muss ich verzählen, vertellern, auftischen oder erzählen, dass Quack jr. in Passau studierte, vor allem, indem er gut Klavier gespielt hat? Denkt wirklich jemand, dass ich einfallsreich wäre und mir jemals etwas ausgedacht hätte? Ich erfinde grundsätzlich nichts, sonst würde ich Fiktionen und Kontrafakturen doch nicht historisch und materialistisch verstehen. Ich kreuze und pendel und protokollier das alles nur, falls mein Gedächtnis doch kurz oder stolz ist, habe ich zur Sicherheit den Zettelkasten und zwei Speicherorte.

In einer Episode, natürlich der mit James Bond, dem Agenten, behandelt der Quack einen Patienten, den er in deutlicher und deutscher Fassung wie folgt beschreibt:

Nicht jeder Mann mit Hörnern wie der/ ist ein Wikinger.

Natürlich nicht. Das kann auch ein Sündenbock, ein geiler Bock, ein Moses, ein Julius II. und sogar Ernst Cassirer sein