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atlaslimoservice · 5 months

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Unlocking Convenience: Your Guide to Transportation Services in Arlington, VA

Introduction

Arlington, Virginia, a dynamic and bustling community adjacent to Washington, D.C., offers a plethora of transportation options tailored to the needs of its residents and visitors. Navigating the city efficiently and conveniently is essential for daily commutes, exploring attractions, and accessing amenities. This comprehensive guide explores the diverse range of transportation services available in Arlington, empowering you to unlock convenience and seamlessly navigate the city's streets.

Public Transportation

Metro Rail

The Metro Rail system serves as a cornerstone of public transportation in Arlington, providing swift and reliable access to key destinations within the city and beyond. With strategically placed stations in Rosslyn, Ballston, and Crystal City, among others, the Metro Rail offers residents and visitors a convenient mode of transit. Whether commuting to work, visiting cultural landmarks, or attending events, the Metro Rail delivers a cost-effective and efficient travel solution.

Bus Services

Complementing the Metro Rail, Arlington boasts an extensive bus network operated by the local transit agency. These bus services traverse various routes within Arlington and extend connectivity to neighboring communities. With frequent schedules and affordable fares, buses serve as a vital lifeline for residents and visitors alike, facilitating travel for short distances within Arlington or longer excursions to adjacent areas.

Ridesharing Services

Ride-Hailing Apps

Ride-hailing apps have revolutionized urban transportation, offering on-demand access to personalized travel experiences. In Arlington, popular ride-hailing platforms provide a convenient solution for those seeking flexible and door-to-door service. With the tap of a button, users can summon rides to any location within Arlington and beyond, ensuring seamless travel experiences tailored to individual preferences and schedules.

Carpooling

Carpooling presents a sustainable transportation alternative for Arlington's residents and commuters. By sharing rides with fellow travelers along similar routes, individuals can reduce traffic congestion, lower carbon emissions, and alleviate parking constraints. Various platforms facilitate carpooling arrangements, fostering community engagement and promoting social interaction among participants.

Biking and Walking

Arlington's Bike Share Program

Arlington's commitment to sustainability is evident through its bike-friendly infrastructure and innovative bike share program. Equipped with dedicated bike lanes, trails, and convenient docking stations throughout the city, the bike share program encourages residents and visitors to embrace cycling as a mode of transportation. Biking not only promotes environmental stewardship but also enhances personal health and well-being.

Pedestrian-Friendly Streets

Arlington's pedestrian-friendly streets and walkable neighborhoods invite exploration on foot, encouraging residents and visitors to engage with the city's vibrant culture and diverse amenities. With well-maintained sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian pathways, navigating Arlington on foot is safe, convenient, and enjoyable. Whether strolling through urban centers or traversing scenic parks, walking offers an intimate perspective of Arlington's charm and character.

Specialized Transportation Services

Accessible Transportation

Arlington prioritizes accessibility by offering specialized transportation services for individuals with disabilities or special needs. Paratransit services provide door-to-door transportation for those unable to utilize traditional public transit due to mobility challenges, ensuring equitable access to essential destinations and community resources.

Airport Transportation

For travelers flying into or out of Arlington, reliable airport transportation services are readily available. Airport shuttle services offer seamless transportation to and from major airports, providing travelers with peace of mind and convenience. With professional drivers and comfortable vehicles, airport shuttles streamline the travel experience, facilitating smooth transitions between air travel and ground transportation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, transportation services in Arlington, VA, offers a comprehensive array of transportation services designed to unlock convenience and enhance mobility for residents and visitors alike. From the efficiency of the Metro Rail and bus network to the flexibility of ride-hailing services and the sustainability of biking and walking, Arlington's transportation options cater to diverse needs and preferences. Additionally, specialized services ensure accessibility and inclusivity, guaranteeing that all members of the community can participate fully in urban life. By embracing innovation, sustainability, and accessibility, Arlington continues to evolve as a model city for modern transportation solutions, empowering individuals to navigate the urban landscape with ease and convenience.

#transportation services in Arlington #VA

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therealcrimediary · 6 months

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Eleven men from three states were arrested in Dothan, Alabama, after an online sting operation revealed they were trying to meet juveniles for sex. The Dothan Police Department, along with other agencies, conducted an undercover cyber operation to catch people engaging in sexual activities with minors through online chats. The operation led to 11 men traveling to meet who they thought were juveniles at an undisclosed location in Dothan. The arrest of the 11 men included charges such as human trafficking in the first degree, electronic solicitation of a child, and traveling to meet a child for an unlawful sex act. The individuals arrested were from various cities in Alabama, including Dothan, Troy, and Highland Home, as well as from Toledo, Ohio, and Arlington, Georgia. More charges are pending in the investigation, and the Dothan Police Department thanked several agencies for their assistance in the operation. Some of the men arrested during the sting operation included Judah Jabez Davis, Jeremy Alexander Critten, Jermaine Sanquil Smith, Kyle Leander Nelson, Chatwarong Srithanat, Thomas Dewey Fye, Scott Evans Anderson, Ray Charles Reed Jr., Justin Lloyd Billings, Carey Jamal Wright, and Gilberto Roman Reyes. The charges against these individuals ranged from human trafficking to unlawful possession of controlled substances, and more charges are expected as the investigation progresses. The Dothan Police Department worked with Covenant Rescue Group, Homeland Security Investigations, the United States Marshal’s Service, and the Houston/Henry County District Attorney’s Office in conducting the operation. The department expressed gratitude for their assistance in the sting operation. Lt. Scott Owens mentioned that more charges are pending based on the ongoing investigation, indicating that there might be further developments in the case as more information comes to light. The arrests in Dothan, Alabama, highlight the efforts of law enforcement agencies to target individuals seeking to engage in sexual activities with minors. The online sting operation was successful in apprehending 11 men from different states who had traveled to meet juveniles for unlawful purposes. The charges filed against the individuals involved in the operation reflect the seriousness of the crimes committed and the legal consequences they will face as a result of their actions. Authorities are working to ensure the safety and protection of minors from potential threats posed by individuals seeking to exploit them online. In conclusion, the arrests serve as a reminder of the importance of combating crimes against children and holding perpetrators accountable for their actions.

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xtruss · 8 months

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History: Aldrich Ames, Former CIA Agent

After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 and Cold War ended, the era of traditional spies was far from over.

In the 1990s and into the new century, four major moles in the U.S. intelligence community who were still spying for Russia were arrested for espionage. The first of those moles to be caught was Aldrich Ames.

Aldrich Hazen Ames was arrested by the FBI in Arlington, Virginia on espionage charges on February 21, 1994.

At the time of his arrest, Ames was a 31-year veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), who had been spying for the Russians since 1985. Arrested with him was his wife, Rosario Ames, who had aided and abetted his espionage activities.

Ames was a CIA case officer, who spoke Russian and specialized in the Russian intelligence services, including the KGB, the USSR’s foreign intelligence service. His initial overseas assignment was in Ankara, Turkey, where he targeted Russian intelligence officers for recruitment. Later, he worked in New York City and Mexico City, Mexico.

On April 16, 1985, while assigned to the CIA’s Soviet/ East European Division at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia, he secretly volunteered to KGB officers at the USSR Embassy, Washington, D.C. Shortly thereafter, the KGB paid him $50,000.

During the summer of 1985, Ames met several times with a Russian diplomat to whom he passed classified information about CIA and FBI human sources, as well as technical operations targeting the Soviet Union. In December 1985, Ames met with a Moscow-based KGB officer in Bogota, Colombia. In July 1986, Ames was transferred to Rome, Italy.

In Rome, Ames continued his meetings with the KGB, including a Russian diplomat assigned in Rome and a Moscow-based KGB officer. At the conclusion of his assignment in Rome, Ames received instructions from the KGB regarding clandestine contacts in the Washington, D.C. area, where he would next be assigned. In addition, the KGB wrote to Ames that he had been paid $1.88 million by them in the four years since he volunteered.

Upon his return to Washington, D.C. in 1989, Ames continued to pass classified documents to the KGB, using “dead drops” or prearranged hiding places where he would leave the documents to be picked up later by KGB officers from the USSR Embassy in Washington. In return, the KGB left money and instructions for Ames, usually in other “dead drops.”

In the meantime, the CIA and FBI learned that Russian officials who had been recruited by them were being arrested and executed. These human sources had provided critical intelligence information about the USSR, which was used by U.S. policy makers in determining U.S. foreign policy.

Following analytical reviews and receipt of information about Ames’s unexplained wealth, the FBI opened an investigation in May 1993.

FBI special agents and investigative specialists conducted intensive physical and electronic surveillance of Ames during a 10-month investigation. Searches of Ames’s residence revealed documents and other information linking Ames to the Russian foreign intelligence service. On October 13, 1993, investigative specialists observed a chalk mark Ames made on a mailbox confirming to the Russians his intention to meet them in Bogota, Colombia. On November 1, special agents observed him and, separately, his Russian handler in Bogota. When Ames planned foreign travel, including a trip to Moscow, as part of his official duties, a plan to arrest him was approved.

CIA Analyst Aldrich Ames is arrested by FBI agents outside his home on February 21, 1994. Ames provided a wealth of secrets to the Soviets, leading to the compromise of more than 100 U.S. intelligence operations and to the deaths of 10 American assets.

Aldrich Ames is arrested outside his suburban home in Virginia in 1994. He had spied for the Russians for nearly a decade.

Aldrich Ames and his wife both pled guilty on April 28, 1994. Aldrich Ames was sentenced to incarceration for life without the possibility of parole. Rosario Ames was sentenced on October 20, 1994 to 63 months in prison.

Ames was later debriefed by FBI agents, at which time he detailed compromising the identities of CIA and FBI human sources, some of whom were executed by Soviet authorities.

Pursuant to his plea agreement, Ames forfeited his assets to the United States, and $547,000 was turned over to the Justice Department’s Victims Assistance Fund.

Ames is serving his sentence in the federal prison system. Rosario Ames completed her sentence and was released.

And the other moles? Harold Nicholson, Earl Pitts, and Robert Hanssen were all identified, arrested, and sent to jail.

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datascraping001 · 1 year

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Unlocking Opportunities with Scraping Travel Agency Email Lists

Travel Agency Email Lists

In the thriving travel industry, reaching potential customers at the right time and with the right information is key to success. As travel agencies and businesses constantly seek innovative ways to expand their client base and boost bookings, having access to a reliable and comprehensive email list can be a game-changer. Datascrapingservices.com offers a cutting-edge solution with its Scraping Travel Agency Email Lists, empowering travel businesses to harness the power of data-driven marketing. Let's explore how this service can transform your travel agency's marketing efforts and elevate your customer engagement.

1. Comprehensive and Accurate Data:

Datascrapingservices.com takes pride in its ability to provide travel agencies with a wealth of up-to-date and accurate email data. The Scraping Travel Agency Email Lists encompass a wide range of industry professionals, from established travel agencies to independent tour operators and travel consultants. By having access to a diverse and well-segmented email list, your travel agency can execute highly targeted marketing campaigns, ensuring that your messages reach the right audience at the right time.

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In the highly competitive travel industry, personalization is the key to standing out from the crowd. With the Scraping Travel Agency Email Lists, you can craft personalized email campaigns tailored to each segment of your audience. By understanding their preferences, travel interests, and previous travel patterns, you can deliver relevant and engaging content that resonates with potential customers. Personalization not only boosts open and click-through rates but also fosters a strong sense of connection, trust, and loyalty among your clientele.

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Engagement is the cornerstone of successful marketing. The Scraping Travel Agency Email Lists allow you to keep your customers informed about the latest travel deals, exclusive packages, and upcoming promotions. Regular communication through well-crafted newsletters and targeted emails keeps your travel agency at the forefront of their minds when planning their next adventure. By fostering continuous engagement, you build brand loyalty, ensure repeat business, and gain valuable word-of-mouth referrals.

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brisownworld · 1 year

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Doing Business Different

This curated group of books was inspired directly by the ending of the first book on the list, Duchess by Design. I was so blown away by that ending that it redefined in my mind how much I could expect from romance, particularly historicals, in terms of female agency, questioning the patriarchy in a much more stringently patriarchal time, and book business owners. Please enjoy the other two books on this list as well, of business owners striving to make a difference one way or another through their profession.

Get new recommendations every Friday

Duchess by Design by Maya Rodale. Adeline Black, a broke aspiring dressmaker in Gilded Age NYC, accidentally knocks the broke English Duke of Kingston off his course. Kingston has arrived in NYC to woo an American heiress to save his crumbling dukedom and his mother and sister, but after becoming instantly obsessed with Adeline, she teaches him that perhaps there’s a third option other than a loveless marriage to a wealthy woman and complete financial ruin. A fun twist on dukes in historical romance, where he has to learn feminism and hard work rather than being simply a savior of a downtrodden hot lady.

This book has stuck with me ever since I read it. It didn’t end at all where I expected it to, and up until the final few chapters I was convinced there was no way she could get us back to a happily ever after. There’s just too many obstacles, practical and otherwise! And yet. And yet!! I love Adeline and I love that her big thing is pockets in dresses.

Rating: 4.5/5

How hot? 🔥🔥🔥

Read the other two reviews:

The Hellion and The Hero by Emily Sullivan. Lady Georgiana Arlington has lived her entire life for others, even agreeing to a loveless marriage to save her father and her family. But now she’s widowed and ready to rumble, starting with the business she inherited from her late husband that she intends to make a haven for laborers, particularly female ones, making her a target for the other business owners in the area who don’t appreciate having to offer competitive wages, benefits, and treatment now.

When the target on her back starts to get more threatening, her brother hires someone to look into it and keep an eye on her: Captain Henry Harris, PI, war hero, and the one who got away years and years ago when Georgiana was a debutant and he was a penniless fortune hunter. He’s still smarting from her choosing someone else (though he doesn’t know why), and she’s got her own baggage from before, but together, they’re pretty much unstoppable.

Rating: 4.5/5

How hot? 🔥🔥🔥🔥

How The Duke Was Won by Lenora Bell. James, unexpected Duke of Harland, thought he was safe from ducal responsibility as the second son. But when his father and perfect older brother perish from a carriage accident, he’s dragged back from his travels and adventures to take his rightful palace in the peerage and is in need of a wife. Because he can’t be bothered to care about much of this, as he’s accustomed to his freedom and is working to establish a cocoa manufacturing plant that doesn’t rely on slave labor or exploiting workers that can give chocolate to people of all classes, he selects a series of debutants at random to come to his estate and compete for his hand.

Charlene is the illegitimate daughter of an earl and a courtesan, who bears a striking resemblance to her half sister, the earl’s acknowledged daughter Lady Dorothea. When James invites Dorothea to his estate for the Marriage Games, she’s unfortunately out of town, so the earl’s wife convinces Charlene (whose mother and sister are in danger from a very bad man) to pretend to be Dorthea to secure the duke’s hand in exchange for a healthy payout. In dire straights, Charlene agrees, even though she’s far from duchess material. Luckily, James is far from duke material, so as you might expect, it’s a match made in heaven, despite much of their courtship happening with Charlene pretending to be someone else.

Every part of these shenanigans did it for me. I love that Charlene knows self defense and kinda kicks James’s ass upon first meeting (he’s pretending to be a servant to test the way the debutants treat their staff, then he comes on to her and she does not react demurely). I love that James cares so much about the family he’s built in spite of the family he came from. I love how Charlene can’t help but be herself despite all she has riding on this deal, and how instantly James fights by her side despite her deception. All of this book is great.

Rating: 4.5/5

How hot? 🔥🔥🔥🔥

#historical romance #romance novels #maya rodale #lenora bell #emily sullivan

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schleifmanlaw · 2 years

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Car Rental Age Restrictions Can Be Sophisticated Heres What To Know

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merrysithmas · 3 years

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theories why bucky is prob gonna die soon:

as an OG legacy character, bucky's time in the current timeline of the mcu is already limited, here's why

1. Sam and Sharon are going to be the new Steve&Bucky cpt america duo. Aside from his own storyline, Bucky's narrative place in Sam's arc is to remind him of Steve and the faith Steve put in him. Once Sam navigates his own journey to carrying shield, this narrative purpose will be fulfilled. Sam and Sharon represent modern day symbols for American justice and hope, a black man and a powerful woman with agency. They'd be a welcome duo to fill the shoes of Steve & Bucky's bygone wartime honors.

2. The show's narratives sets Bucky up as "irredeemable" or at least his emotional state relies heavily on his personal concept of redemption right from the first episode (with his murder of the innocent boy). You know what they say in storytelling, "you don't introduce a smoking gun in the first act without..." Superhero-wise this almost always indicates a heroic sacrifice, precendented in the MCU by Natasha "Red in My Ledger" Romanoff sacrificing herself for Clint and his family, Tony "You're not the guy to make the sacrifice play" Stark saving the world and dying).

3. Bucky's insistence Sam claim his rightful mantle of Cpt America on his own terms mirrors Dr Erskin's insistence Steve remain a good man on his own terms. We all know what happened to Erskin: but the memory of the doctor inspires Steve to carry out the original mission: not to be a great soldier, but a good man. Sam has yet to be faced with the pivotal moment where he must claim this in his own way and remember who came before him. Bucky is the only one connected to Steve's original legacy that could offer this perspective to Sam. Honoring Bucky's death could act as this reminder for Sam, alongside serving Bucky's own personal ends if written correctly.

4. Super Soldiers are framed as dangerous and the elimation of them appears to be the narrarive goal. The viewer can hypothesize Bucky will see himself as the progenitor of this deviant use of Super Soldier serum and believe the world will be safer when good men like Sam uphold what is right and the dark shadow of the shady origins of the serum and its cruel misuses (Isaiah) is obliterated. Steve was special and since Steve there has been no "positive" use of the serum. Sam is destined to be Cpt America without the serum by merit of his heart and Steve's faith in his goodness. IMO this is an even more pure origin of a Cpt America and harkens back to Skinny Steve.

5. Bucky has a personal beef with Zemo which sets up a big antagonistic fight and clear opportunity for heroic sacrifice.

6. "If you were sleeping and when you woke up a miracle happened..." An ominous line. Sleep=Death, waking up... who might he see that might make his world better? (shipper goggles for those that own a pair)

7. It seems like Marvel wants to kill off all its legacy characters before Multiverse comes out in anticipation of bringing them back in some alt universe/time travel manner. Tony, Natasha, Steve, and now Bucky. Whether that's bringing them back as the OG actors or different younger versions of them played by diff people.

8. "If he was wrong about you then he was wrong about me" ... This line indicates both Sam and Bucky will prove the opposite. Steve wasn't wrong about either of them. Sam by rising to become Cpt America and Bucky perhaps by a heroic sacrifice.

9. The fact that it was (queerbait most likely) hinted Bucky could be revealed as gay/bi post-Cpt America saga in TFATWS. Disney is Disney and we all know they aren't ready to have a longterm canon gay character that is fully developed with a romance and life. Bucky's trajectory as a tragic hero is already set and and his death thus assured at some point - therefore Disney could avoid accusations of "Bury Your Gays" this way.

For those w shipper goggles this last point is going to hurt you:

10. If Bucky died... Imagine him buried next to Steve at Arlington? Womb to tomb, sweetheart.

Obviously that is sentimental shipper goggles but more seriously, they have been framed narratively as linked, as the duo "inseparable on schoolyard and battlefield", to have them find peace together in the end would surely quell much of the criticism Marvel took at the end of Endgame following their separation. Also it would be a fitting "hero's" burial for the both of them after their lifetime of service and cement Bucky as a hero.

-Even if Bucky doesn't die in TFATWS his lease on MCU life is undoubtedly running out.

#bucky barnes #tfatws #stucky #marvel #mcu #if ur gonna be dramatic and fight w me i dont want to talk to u i just post my theories for fun so yeah

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justforbooks · 4 years

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February 20, 1943 – The Saturday Evening Post publishes the first of Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms in support of United States President Franklin Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union address theme of Four Freedoms.

The Four Freedoms is a series of four 1943 oil paintings by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The paintings—Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear—are each approximately 45.75 inches (116.2 cm) × 35.5 inches (90 cm), and are now in the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The four freedoms refer to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's January 1941 Four Freedoms State of the Union address in which he identified essential human rights that should be universally protected. The theme was incorporated into the Atlantic Charter, and became part of the charter of the United Nations. The paintings were reproduced in The Saturday Evening Post over four consecutive weeks in 1943, alongside essays by prominent thinkers of the day. They became the highlight of a touring exhibition sponsored by The Post and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The exhibition and accompanying sales drives of war bonds raised over $132 million.

This series has been the cornerstone of retrospective art exhibits presenting the career of Rockwell, who was the most widely known and popular commercial artist of the mid-20th century, but did not achieve critical acclaim. These are his best-known works, and by some accounts became the most widely distributed paintings. At one time they were commonly displayed in post offices, schools, clubs, railroad stations, and a variety of public and semi-public buildings.

Critical review of these images, like most of Rockwell's work, has not been entirely positive. Rockwell's idyllic and nostalgic approach to regionalism made him a popular illustrator but a lightly regarded fine artist during his lifetime, a view still prevalent today. However, he has created an enduring niche in the social fabric with Freedom from Want, emblematic of what is now known as the "Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving".

Rockwell's Four Freedoms—Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear—were first published on February 20, February 27, March 6, and March 13, 1943 along with commissioned essays from leading American writers and historians (Booth Tarkington, Will Durant, Carlos Bulosan, and Stephen Vincent Benét, respectively). They measure 45.75 inches (116.2 cm) × 35.5 inches (90 cm) except Freedom of Worship which measures 46.0 inches (116.8 cm) × 35.5 inches (90 cm). Rockwell used live models for all his paintings. In 1935, he began using black-and-white photographs of these live models extensively, although he did not publicly reveal he did so until 1940. The use of photography expanded the possibilities for Rockwell who could ask models to pose in positions they could hold only for brief periods of time. He could also produce works from new perspectives and the Four Freedoms represented "low vantage point of Freedom of Speech, to close-up in Freedom of Worship, midrange in Freedom from Fear, and wide angle in Freedom from Want".

In 1939, Rockwell moved to Arlington, Vermont, which was an artist-friendly community that had hosted Robert Frost, Rockwell Kent, and Dorothy Canfield Fisher. Of the move from New Rochelle, New York, Rockwell said "I was restless ... The town [of New Rochelle] seemed tinged with everything that happened to me". In New Rochelle, he had both endured a divorce and run with a fast crowd. Artists John Atherton, Mead Schaeffer and George Hughes established residences in Arlington soon after Rockwell. The resident artists, Rockwell included, were mutually supportive and hired local citizens as their amateur models. Using photography and Arlington residents as models, Rockwell was able to capture what he referred to as "human-looking humans", who were generally working-class people, in an hour or so rather than hire professional models for the entire day. Rockwell paid his models modestly. Rose Hoyt, who was engaged for a total of three photographic sessions for Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Worship, earned $15 ($234.71 in 2019 dollars) for her sittings.

When the US entered the war in 1941, it had three agencies responsible for war propaganda: The Office of Facts and Figures (OFF), The Division of Information of the Office of Emergency Management (OEM), and Office of Government Reports (OGR). The OFF was responsible for commissioned artwork and for assembling a corps of writers, led by Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish. By mid-1942, the Office of War Information determined that despite the efforts of OFF in distributing pamphlets, posters, displays, and other media, only a third of the general public was familiar with Roosevelt's Four Freedoms and at most one in fifty could enumerate them. The Four Freedoms had been a "campaign to educate Americans about participation in World War II".

By 1942, Rockwell had been illustrating professionally for thirty years and was having a successful career. Additionally, by mid-1942 Rockwell's Gillis was becoming famous. Lorimer had been the editor of The Post from 1898 to 1936. He was followed by Wesley W. Stout for five years. In early 1942, Stout ran an article entitled "The Case Against the Jew", which led to advertising and subscription cancellations. The Post was rumored to be in financial trouble in 1942. Soon Stout was replaced by Hibbs who revamped the magazine.

On May 24, 1942, Rockwell was seeking approval for a poster design at The Pentagon because the Artists Guild had designated that he advocate for the U.S. Army Ordnance Department. Robert Patterson, who was then United States Undersecretary of War, suggested revisions. On the same day, he visited with Thomas Mabry of the Graphic Division of the War Department's Office of Facts and Figures, which coordinated war-themed posters and billboards. Mabry relayed the need for Four Freedoms artwork. Rockwell returned home pondering the Atlantic Charter, which had incorporated the Four Freedoms.

Rockwell remembered a scene of a local town meeting in which one person spoke out in lone dissent, but was given the floor, and was listened to respectfully, despite his solitary opposition. He was inspired to use this scene to illustrate Freedom of Speech, and Rockwell decided to use his Vermont neighbors as models for an inspirational set of posters depicting the themes laid out by Roosevelt the previous year in a Four Freedoms series. He spent three days making charcoal sketches of the series, which some sources describe as colour sketches. Rockwell's patriotic gesture was to travel to Washington, D.C. and volunteer his free services to the government for this cause. In mid-June, accompanied by Schaeffer, he took four charcoal sketches to Washington, where they stayed at the Mayflower Hotel, as the two sought commissions to design war art. During the trip, Rockwell was asked by the Boy Scouts of America to continue his annual creation of a new painting for their annual calendar by publishing representative Orion Winford. He was unable to hold Patterson's attention during their meeting, so he met with the new Office of War Information (OWI), where he was told "The last war you illustrators did the posters. This war we're going to use fine artists men, real artists."

On his return trip to Vermont with Schaeffer on June 16, they stopped in Philadelphia to meet with new Saturday Evening Post editor Ben Hibbs. Many accounts portray this visit as unplanned, but whether it was is unclear. Hibbs liked Rockwell's Four Freedoms sketches, and he gave Rockwell two months to complete the works. A June 24 correspondence from The Post clarified that both Rockwell's and Schaeffer's series would be published. By June 26, The Post's art editor James Yates notified Rockwell of plans for a layout of paintings with an accompanying essay or accompanying essays by President Roosevelt.

Rockwell's summer was full of distractions. At one point a Manhattan gastroenterologist prescribed a surgery of uncertain nature, though it was not performed. He had commissions for other magazines, and business complications regarding second reproduction rights. He also had his Boy Scout commitment. Under time constraints, Rockwell made every excuse to avoid all other distracting assignments. In October, The Post sent its art editor to Arlington to check on Rockwell's progress. At about the same time, despite its Graphics Division chief's, Francis Brennan's outrage, the OWI began showing signs of renewed interest. In fact, after Rockwell was chosen the entire OWI Writers' Division resigned. The press release associated with the resignation asserted that the OWI was dominated by "high-pressure promoters who prefer slick salesmanship to honest information. These promoters would treat as stupid and reluctant customers the men and women of the United States." There was further turmoil in the OWI from a faction supporting work by Ben Shahn; Shahn's work was not used in propaganda because it lacked general appeal. There were several artists who were commissioned to promote the war, including Jean Carlu, Gerard Hordyke, Hugo Ballin, and Walter Russell. Russell created a Four Freedoms Monument that was eventually dedicated at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

The series took seven months to complete, and was finished by year end. Supposedly, Rockwell lost 10 pounds (4.54 kg) from the assignment. As Rockwell was completing the series, he was motivated by news of Allied setbacks, a fact that gives the work a sense of urgency. Models included a Mrs. Harrington who became the devout old woman in Freedom of Worship and a man named Jim Martin who appears in each painting in the series (most prominently in Freedom from Fear). The intention was to remind America what they were fighting for: freedom of speech and worship, freedom from want and fear. All the paintings used a muted palette and are devoid of the vermilion Rockwell is known for.

Some sources published after Rockwell's death question whether the government was truly as discouraging as Rockwell claimed. They cite an encouraging April 23, 1943 correspondence with Thomas D. Mabry of the OWI (a former Executive Director of the Museum of Modern Art). At the time, the three government propaganda agencies were disjointed until they were unified under the OWI on June 13, 1942 by a Presidential Executive Order. Furthermore, the writers' division, led by MacLeish, was under pressure for failing to deliver a message intelligible to people of varying intelligence.

Upon completion, Rockwell's works were briefly exhibited at the West Arlington Grange before being delivered to The Post in Philadelphia. The series arrived in Philadelphia in January 1943. Roosevelt was shown the paintings in early February, and The Post sought Roosevelt's approval for the series of paintings and essays. Roosevelt responded with both a personal letter to Rockwell and an "official" letter of commendation to The Post dated February 10. Roosevelt instructed The Post to have the OWI have the essays translated into foreign languages so they could be presented to leaders at the United Nations.

The Freedoms were published in a series of four full-colour, full-page editions, each accompanied by an essay of the same title. The panels were published in successive weeks in the order corresponding to Roosevelt's speech: Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6), and Freedom from Fear (March 13). For the authors of the accompanying essays, Hibbs had numerous options given the number of regular contributors to The Post.

Rockwell is considered the "quintessential middlebrow American artist" by Michael Kelly. As an artist he is an illustrator rather than a fine arts painter. Although his style is painterly, his work is produced for the purpose of mass reproduction, and it is produced with the intent of delivering a common message to its viewers via a detailed narrative style. Furthermore, the vast majority of Rockwell's work was viewed in reproduced format and almost none of his contemporaneous audience ever saw his original work. Also, Rockwell's style of backwoods New England small-town realism, known as regionalism, was sometimes viewed as out of step with the oncoming wave of abstract modern art. Some say his realism is so direct that he abstains from using artistic license. John Canaday, a New York Times art critic once referred to Rockwell as the "Rembrandt of Punkin' Crick" for his aversion to the vices of big city life. Dave Hickey derided Rockwell for painting without inflection. Some critics also view his sentimental and nostalgic vision out of step with the harsh realities of American life, such as the Great Depression. Deborah Solomon views the works as being "based on lofty civic principles", but rather than dealing with the warring patriots, they present themes with "civic and familial rituals" for "emblematic scenes".

Post editor Hibbs said the Four Freedoms were an "inspiration ... in the same way that the clock tower of old Independence Hall, which I can see from my office window, inspires me." Roosevelt wrote to Rockwell "I think you have done a superb job in bringing home to the plain, everyday citizen the plain, everyday truths behind the Four Freedoms ... I congratulate you not alone on the execution but also for the spirit which impelled you to make this contribution to the common cause of a freer, happier world". Roosevelt wrote to The Post, "This is the first pictorial representation I have seen of the staunchly American values contained in the rights of free speech and free worship and our goals of freedom from fear and want." Roosevelt also wrote of the corresponding essays, "Their words should inspire all who read them with a deeper appreciation of the way of life we are striving to preserve."

The Four Freedoms are perhaps Rockwell's most famous work. Some have said Rockwell's Four Freedoms lack artistic maturity. Others have pointed to the universality of the Freedom of Religion as disconcerting to practitioners of particular faiths. Others complained that he idealized American life because by depicting wholesome, healthy, and happy sentiments, Rockwell depicted the good that was remembered or wished for, but by avoiding misery, poverty, and social unrest, he failed to demonstrate command of the bad and the ugly parts of American life. Rockwell's response to this criticism was, "I paint life as I would like it to be." Rockwell made it known that he hoped these would be his masterpieces, but was disappointed. Nonetheless, he was satisfied with the public acceptance of the series and that the series was able to serve such a patriotic purpose. Laura Claridge feels he might have achieved his ambition if he had pursued the "quiet small scenes" he later became known for.

Although all four images were intended to promote patriotism in a time of war, Freedom from Want, which depicts an elderly couple serving a fat turkey to what looks like a table of happy and eager children and grandchildren has given the idyllic Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving work as important a place in the enduring marketplace of promoting family togetherness, peace and plenty as Hallmark at Christmas. Some say the Four Freedoms were unable to live up to the role of "illustrating grandiose concepts with humble correlatives" because they are too loud.

The commercial success of the series was in part because each painting is considered to be a model of understandable art by the general public. The success of Rockwell's depictions was due to his use of long-standing American cultural values about unity and respect of certain institutions while using symbols that enabled a broad audience to identify with his images. This understandability made it one extreme on the scale of artistic complexity when comparing the series to contemporaneous art. It was diametrically opposed to abstract art and far removed from the intrigue of surrealism.

In 1999, the High Museum of Art and the Norman Rockwell Museum produced the first comprehensive exhibition of Rockwell's career that started at the High Museum on November 6, 1999, stopped at the Chicago Historical Society, Corcoran Gallery of Art, San Diego Museum of Art, Phoenix Art Museum, and Norman Rockwell Museum before concluding at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum on February 11, 2002. Although there has been a long history of Rockwell detractors, during this Norman Rockwell: Pictures for the American People touring exhibition attendance was record-setting and critical reviews were quite favorable. The nostalgia seemed to cause a bit of revisionism in the art world, according to The New York Times which said, "What's odd is the show's enthusiastic reception by the art world, which in a lather of revisionism is falling all over itself to embrace what it once reviled: the comfy, folksy narrative visions of a self-deprecating illustrator..."

Some found Rockwell's presentation somewhat patronizing, but most were satisfied. The New Yorker remarked two years later: "They were received by the public with more enthusiasm, perhaps, than any other paintings in the history of American Art". Claridge notes that the series is an example in which the sum is greater than its parts. She notes the inspiration comes in part from their cumulative "heft".

Following the 1943–44 War Bond Show, the Four Freedoms toured the country further by train in a specially-designed car. Through the 1950s the Four Freedoms hung in Hibbs' offices at The Post. Hibb retired in 1961 and by the time The Post was discontinued in 1969, Rockwell regained possession of the original paintings. Norman Rockwell bequeathed his personal collection in trust to the Norman Rockwell Museum in 1973 for the "advancement of art appreciation and art education". This collection included the Four Freedoms paintings. The works remained on exhibit at "The Norman Rockwell Museum at The Old Corner House" for nearly 25 years. In 1993, when the Rockwell Museum moved from its original location, the Four Freedoms were displayed in the new museum's central gallery. As of 2014, the Four Freedoms remain in the collection of the Museum. In 2011, the Williamstown Art Conservation Center did some work on the Four Freedoms, including reducing exposure to various elements and preventing further wear.

Daily inspiration. Discover more photos at http://justforbooks.tumblr.com

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adultswim2021 · 4 years

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The September 11th Attacks September 11th, 2001 - 8:46:40 A.M | S01E01

The September 11 attacks, often referred to as 9/11,[a] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Wahhabi[3] terrorist group Al-Qaeda[4][5][6] against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks resulted in 2,977 fatalities, over 25,000 injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.[7][8] It is the deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States, with 340[9] and 72 killed,[10][11] respectively.

Four passenger airliners which had departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for California were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists. Two of the planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan. Within an hour and 42 minutes, both 110-story towers collapsed. Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex, including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense) in Arlington County, Virginia, which led to a partial collapse of the building's west side. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was initially flown toward Washington, D.C., but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, after passengers thwarted the hijackers.

Suspicion quickly fell onto al-Qaeda. The United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had not complied with U.S. demands to expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan and extradite their leader Osama bin Laden. Many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded the powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies to prevent terrorist attacks. Although bin Laden initially denied any involvement, in 2004 he claimed responsibility for the attacks.[2] Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives. After evading capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was located in Pakistan in 2011 and killed during a U.S. military raid.

The destruction of the World Trade Center and nearby infrastructure seriously harmed the economy of New York City and had a significant effect on global markets. The U.S. and Canadian civilian airspaces were closed until September 13, while Wall Street was closed until September 17. Many closings, evacuations, and cancellations followed, out of respect or fear of further attacks. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, and the Pentagon was repaired within a year. The construction of One World Trade Center began in November 2006, and the building opened in November 2014.[12][13]Numerous memorials have been constructed, including the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City, the Pentagon Memorial in Arlington County, Virginia, and the Flight 93 National Memorial at the Pennsylvania crash site.

Background

Al-Qaeda

The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden travelled to Afghanistan and helped to organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets.[14] Under the guidance of Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden became more radical.[15] In 1996, bin Laden issued his first fatwā, calling for American soldiers to leave Saudi Arabia.[16]

In a second fatwā in 1998, bin Laden outlined his objections to American foreign policy with respect to Israel, as well as the continued presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War.[17] Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances were reversed. Muslim legal scholars "have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries", according to bin Laden.[17]

Osama bin Laden

Bin Laden orchestrated the attacks and initially denied involvement but later recanted his false statements.[2][18][19]Al Jazeera broadcast a statement by bin Laden on September 16, 2001, stating, "I stress that I have not carried out this act, which appears to have been carried out by individuals with their own motivation."[20] In November 2001, U.S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the video, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al-Harbi and admits foreknowledge of the attacks.[21] On December 27, 2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the video, he said:

It has become clear that the West in general and America in particular have an unspeakable hatred for Islam. ... It is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, which kills our people. ... We say that the end of the United States is imminent, whether Bin Laden or his followers are alive or dead, for the awakening of the Muslim umma (nation) has occurred but he stopped short of admitting responsibility for the attacks.[22]

Shortly before the U.S. presidential election in 2004, bin Laden used a taped statement to publicly acknowledge al-Qaeda's involvement in the attacks on the United States. He admitted his direct link to the attacks and said they were carried out because:

we are free ... and want to regain freedom for our nation. As you undermine our security, we undermine yours.[23]

Bin Laden said he had personally directed his followers to attack the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.[24][25] Another video obtained by Al Jazeera in September 2006 shows bin Laden with Ramzi bin al-Shibh, as well as two hijackers, Hamza al-Ghamdi and Wail al-Shehri, as they make preparations for the attacks.[26] The U.S. never formally indicted bin Laden for the 9/11 attacks, but he was on the FBI's Most Wanted List for the bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya.[27][28] After a 10-year manhunt, U.S. President Barack Obama announced that bin Laden was killed by American special forces in his compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, on May 1, 2011.[29]

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh.[30][31][32] The 2004 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel".[33] Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.[34][35]

Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA. He was then held at multiple CIA secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding.[36][37] During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he "was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z" and that his statement was not made under duress.[32][38]

A letter presented by the lawyers of Khaled Sheikh Mohammed in the U.S. District Court, Manhattan on July 26, 2019 indicated that he was interested in testifying about Saudi Arabia’s role in the 9/11 attacks and helping the victims and families of the victims of 9/11 in exchange for the United States not seeking the death penalty against him. James Kreindler, one of the lawyers for the victims, raised question over the usefulness of Mohammed.[1]

Other al-Qaeda members

In "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details. They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni, and Mohammed Atef.[39] To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks.

On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years.[40] On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.[41]

Also in 2006, Moussaoui—who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker—was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole in the United States.[42][43]Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, served 15 years in Germany for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks. He was released in October 2018, and deported to Morocco.[44]

The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks.[45]Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell.[46]

Motives

Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the United States, and a 1998 fatwā signed by bin Laden and others, calling for the killing of Americans,[17] are seen by investigators as evidence of his motivation.[47] In bin Laden's November 2002 "Letter to America", he explicitly stated that al-Qaeda's motives for their attacks include:

U.S. support of Israel[48][49]

support for the "attacks against Muslims" in Somalia

support of Philippines against Muslims in the Moro conflict

support for Israeli "aggression" against Muslims in Lebanon

support of Russian "atrocities against Muslims" in Chechnya

pro-American governments in the Middle East (who "act as your agents") being against Muslim interests

support of Indian "oppression against Muslims" in Kashmir

the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia[50]

the sanctions against Iraq[48]

After the attacks, bin Laden and al-Zawahiri released additional videotapes and audio recordings, some of which repeated those reasons for the attacks. Two particularly important publications were bin Laden's 2002 "Letter to America",[51] and a 2004 videotape by bin Laden.[52]

Bin Laden interpreted Muhammad as having banned the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia".[53] In 1996, bin Laden issued a fatwā calling for American troops to leave Saudi Arabia. In 1998, al-Qaeda wrote, "for over seven years the United States has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples."[54]

In a December 1999 interview, bin Laden said he felt that Americans were "too near to Mecca", and considered this a provocation to the entire Muslim world.[55] One analysis of suicide terrorism suggested that without U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, al-Qaeda likely would not have been able to get people to commit to suicide missions.[56]

In the 1998 fatwā, al-Qaeda identified the Iraq sanctions as a reason to kill Americans, condemning the "protracted blockade"[54] among other actions that constitute a declaration of war against "Allah, his messenger, and Muslims."[54] The fatwā declared that "the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies—civilians and military—is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque of Mecca from their grip, and in order for their [the Americans'] armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim."[17][57]

In 2004, Bin Laden claimed that the idea of destroying the towers had first occurred to him in 1982, when he witnessed Israel's bombardment of high-rise apartment buildings during the 1982 Lebanon War.[58][59] Some analysts, including Mearsheimer and Walt, also claimed that U.S. support of Israel was one motive for the attacks.[49][55] In 2004 and 2010, bin Laden again connected the September 11 attacks with U.S. support of Israel, although most of the letter expressed bin Laden's disdain for President Bush and bin Laden's hope to "destroy and bankrupt" the U.S.[60][61]

Other motives have been suggested in addition to those stated by bin Laden and al-Qaeda. Some authors suggested the "humiliation" that resulted from the Islamic world falling behind the Western world—this discrepancy was rendered especially visible by the globalization trend[62][63] and a desire to provoke the U.S. into a broader war against the Islamic world in the hope of motivating more allies to support al-Qaeda. Similarly, others have argued that 9/11 was a strategic move with the objective of provoking America into a war that would incite a pan-Islamic revolution.[64][65]

Planning

The attacks were conceived by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who first presented it to Osama bin Laden in 1996.[66] At that time, bin Laden and al-Qaeda were in a period of transition, having just relocated back to Afghanistan from Sudan.[67] The 1998 African Embassy bombings and bin Laden's February 1998 fatwā marked a turning point of al-Qaeda's terrorist operation,[68] as bin Laden became intent on attacking the United States.

In late 1998 or early 1999, bin Laden gave approval for Mohammed to go forward with organizing the plot.[69] Mohammed, bin Laden, and bin Laden's deputy Mohammed Atef held a series of meetings in early 1999.[70] Atef provided operational support, including target selections and helping arrange travel for the hijackers.[67] Bin Laden overruled Mohammed, rejecting potential targets such as the U.S. Bank Tower in Los Angeles for lack of time.[71][72]

Bin Laden provided leadership and financial support, and was involved in selecting participants.[73] He initially selected Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, both experienced jihadists who had fought in Bosnia. Hazmi and Mihdhar arrived in the United States in mid-January 2000. In early 2000, Hazmi and Mihdhar took flying lessons in San Diego, California, but both spoke little English, performed poorly in flying lessons, and eventually served as secondary—or "muscle"—hijackers.[74][75]

In late 1999, a group of men from Hamburg, Germany arrived in Afghanistan; the group included Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh.[76] Bin Laden selected these men because they were educated, could speak English, and had experience living in the West.[77] New recruits were routinely screened for special skills and al-Qaeda leaders consequently discovered that Hani Hanjour already had a commercial pilot's license.[78] Mohammed later said that he helped the hijackers blend in by teaching them how to order food in restaurants and dress in Western clothing.[79]

Hanjour arrived in San Diego on December 8, 2000, joining Hazmi.[80]:6–7 They soon left for Arizona, where Hanjour took refresher training.[80]:7 Marwan al-Shehhi arrived at the end of May 2000, while Atta arrived on June 3, 2000, and Jarrah arrived on June 27, 2000.[80]:6 Bin al-Shibh applied several times for a visa to the United States, but as a Yemeni, he was rejected out of concerns he would overstay his visa.[80]:4, 14 Bin al-Shibh stayed in Hamburg, providing coordination between Atta and Mohammed.[80]:16 The three Hamburg cell members all took pilot training in South Florida at Huffman Aviation.[80]:6

In spring of 2001, the secondary hijackers began arriving in the United States.[81] In July 2001, Atta met with bin al-Shibh in Spain, where they coordinated details of the plot, including final target selection. Bin al-Shibh also passed along bin Laden's wish for the attacks to be carried out as soon as possible.[82] Some of the hijackers received passports from corrupt Saudi officials who were family members, or used fraudulent passports to gain entry.[83]

There is some idea that 9/11 was selected by the hijackers as the date of the attack because of its resemblance to 9-1-1, the phone number to report emergencies in the U.S. However, Lawrence Wright wrote that the hijackers chose it because September 11, 1683 is when the King of Poland began the battle that turned back the Muslim armies from the Ottoman Empire that were attempting to capture Vienna. For Osama bin Laden, this was a date when the West gained some dominance over Islam, and by attacking on this date, he hoped to make a step in Islam "winning" the war for worldwide power and influence.[84]

Prior intelligence

In late 1999, al-Qaeda associate Walid bin Attash ("Khallad") contacted Mihdhar, telling him to meet him in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Hazmi and Abu Bara al Yemeni would also be in attendance. The NSA intercepted a telephone call mentioning the meeting, Mihdhar, and the name "Nawaf" (Hazmi). While the agency feared "Something nefarious might be afoot", it took no further action. The CIA had already been alerted by Saudi intelligence about the status of Mihdhar and Hazmi as al-Qaeda members, and a CIA team broke into Mihdhar's Dubai hotel room and discovered that Mihdhar had a U.S. visa. While Alec Station alerted intelligence agencies worldwide about this fact, it did not share this information with the FBI. The Malaysian Special Branch observed the January 5, 2000 meeting of the two al-Qaeda members, and informed the CIA that Mihdhar, Hazmi, and Khallad were flying to Bangkok, but the CIA never notified other agencies of this, nor did it ask the State Department to put Mihdhar on its watchlist. An FBI liaison to Alec Station asked permission to inform the FBI of the meeting but was told: "This is not a matter for the FBI."[85]

By late June, senior counter-terrorism official Richard Clarke and CIA director George Tenet were "convinced that a major series of attacks was about to come", although the CIA believed the attacks would likely occur in Saudi Arabia or Israel.[86] In early July, Clarke put domestic agencies on "full alert", telling them, "Something really spectacular is going to happen here. soon." He asked the FBI and the State Department to alert the embassies and police departments, and the Defense Department to go to "Threat Condition Delta".[87][88] Clarke would later write: "Somewhere in CIA there was information that two known al Qaeda terrorists had come into the United States. Somewhere in FBI there was information that strange things had been going on at flight schools in the United States... They had specific information about individual terrorists from which one could have deduced what was about to happen. None of that information got to me or the White House."[89]

On July 13, Tom Wilshire, a CIA agent assigned to the FBI's international terrorism division, emailed his superiors at the CIA's Counterterrorism Center (CTC) requesting permission to inform the FBI that Hazmi was in the country and that Mihdhar had a U.S. visa. The CIA never responded.[90]

The same day in July, Margarette Gillespie, an FBI analyst working in the CTC, was told to review material about the Malaysia meeting. She was not told of the participants' presence in the U.S. The CIA gave Gillespie surveillance photos of Mihdhar and Hazmi from the meeting to show to FBI counterterrorism, but did not tell her their significance. The Intelink database informed her not to share intelligence material on the meeting to criminal investigators. When shown the photos, the FBI were refused more details on their significance, and they were not given Mihdhar's date of birth nor passport number.[91] In late August 2001, Gillespie told the INS, the State Department, the Customs Service, and the FBI to put Hazmi and Mihdhar on their watchlists, but the FBI was prohibited from using criminal agents in the search for the duo, which hindered their efforts.[92]

Also in July, a Phoenix-based FBI agent sent a message to FBI headquarters, Alec Station, and to FBI agents in New York alerting them to "the possibility of a coordinated effort by Osama bin Laden to send students to the United States to attend civil aviation universities and colleges". The agent, Kenneth Williams, suggested the need to interview all flight school managers and identify all Arab students seeking flight training.[93] In July, Jordan alerted the U.S. that al-Qaeda was planning an attack on the U.S.; "months later", Jordan notified the U.S. that the attack's codename was "The Big Wedding" and that it involved airplanes.[94]

On August 6, 2001, the CIA's Presidential Daily Brief ("PDB"), designated "For the President Only", was entitled "Bin Ladin Determined to Strike in U.S." The memo noted that FBI information "indicates patterns of suspicious activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other types of attacks".[95]

In mid-August, one Minnesota flight school alerted the FBI about Zacarias Moussaoui, who had asked "suspicious questions". The FBI found that Moussaoui was a radical who had traveled to Pakistan, and the INS arrested him for overstaying his French visa. Their request to search his laptop was denied by FBI headquarters due to the lack of probable cause.[96]

The failures in intelligence-sharing were attributed to 1995 Justice Department policies limiting intelligence sharing, combined with CIA and NSA reluctance to reveal "sensitive sources and methods" such as tapped phones.[97] Testifying before the 9/11 Commission in April 2004, then-Attorney General John Ashcroft recalled that the "single greatest structural cause for the September 11th problem was the wall that segregated or separated criminal investigators and intelligence agents".[98] Clarke also wrote: "There were failures in the organizations failures to get information to the right place at the right time."[99]

TLDR; it was an inside job

#adult swim #adultswim2021

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jewishmuseummd · 4 years

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Museums As Agents of Change

Wednesday, September 16, 2020 at 7:00 pm EST

The place of museums in society is rapidly evolving. As active participants in the important conversations of the present, today museums have a role to play in helping understand and interpret complex issues in our society.

In the words of Lonnie Bunch III, secretary of the Smithsonian, “Museums are not community centers, but they can be centers of their communities.” Among our most trusted sources of information, museums have a unique platform to share stories that have been marginalized, ask hard questions, and host the difficult conversations that can lead to real change.

The Capital Jewish Museum and the Jewish Museum of Maryland come together for a conversation about how our museum communities and the Jewish community can work together in the fight for racial equity within our country. We will explore the work that needs to be done, how museums are rethinking their role and actively approaching the task, and offer some practical steps that we can all take to move forward together.

About Our Speakers

Damika Baker-Wilson is the Director of Engagement and Strategic Initiatives at the Reginald F. Lewis Museum. Prior to joining the staff of the Lewis Museum, Damika spent almost five years as the Director of Development for the Academy Art Museum where she managed an $8M capital campaign and the museum’s development office operations. Damika began her career in the cultural sector as the Visitor Services and Membership Coordinator for Adkins Arboretum, where she now serves on the Board of Trustees. With over a decade of experience in cultural institutions, Damika has experience in a variety of areas, including fundraising, program development and evaluation, marketing, visitor series, and outreach. In 2018, Damika was selected as one of 36 professionals from around the world to participate in the Getty Leadership Institute’s NextGen executive education program, a blended-learning experience for the museum field’s emerging top talent. The program is designed for professionals who are in the first 3-5 years of a new mid-level management position, and who have demonstrated extraordinary leadership potential. Damika holds an undergraduate degree in Afro-American Studies from the University of Maryland-College Park and has completed graduate coursework in Nonprofit Management from the University of Maryland University College. She serves on the board of Adkins Arboretum and the Maryland Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Yolanda Savage-Narva has twenty year’s experience working with public agencies and non-profit organizations to promote equitable access to public health, eldercare and pedestrian safety. She is a Centers for Disease Control (CDC)-trained public health specialist who has led community-based efforts in community health assessments for Indian Health Service, public education for the Alzheimer’s Association, pedestrian safety and advocacy for America Walks, and health equity for the National Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. Yolanda currently holds the position of Executive Director with Operation Understanding DC, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting understanding, cooperation, and respect while fighting to eradicate racism, anti-Semitism and all forms of discrimination. She is also a member of the JewVNation cohort, a fellowship sponsored by the Union for Reform Judaism, a 2019 Schusterman Fellow, a vicechair of the Religious Action Center’s (RAC) Commission on Social Action, a co-chair of the Racial Justice equity committee for the RAC, a member of Temple Micah in Washington, D.C. and a member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority; an international Black sorority dedicated to community service and education. Yolanda is a graduate of Tougaloo College (Sociology) and has a master’s degree in education from Jackson State University. In her spare time Yolanda loves being outdoors, reading, birdwatching, playing sports and traveling with her family.

Marsha Semmel is an independent consultant working with cultural and educational organizations on leadership development, strategic planning, and partnerships. Her book, Partnership Power: Essential Museum Strategies for Today’s Networked World, was published by the American Alliance of Museums and Rowman & Littlefield in 2019. Recent positions include Special Initiatives Advisor in the Office of the Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities; Senior Adviser to the National Center for Science and Civic Engagement; and Adjunct Faculty at the Bank Street College Graduate School of Education’s Leadership in Museum Education Program. Semmel was Senior Advisor, Noyce Leadership Institute, from 2013-2015. She was the Director for Strategic Partnerships, Deputy for Museum Services, and Acting Director at the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) from 2003-13. From 1984-1996, she served in the Division of Public Programs (Division Director, 1993-1996) at the National Endowment for the Humanities. She also served as President and CEO of Conner Prairie, a history museum near Indianapolis, and President and CEO of the Women of the West Museum in Denver. Recently concluding her stint as Chairman, Arlington Commission for the Arts, Ms. Semmel currently serves on the boards of the Council of American Jewish Museums, the Institute for Learning Innovation, and Planet Word, a new museum in DC devoted to language.

Eric S. Yellin is Associate Professor of History and American Studies at the University of Richmond and Senior Curatorial Consultant for the Capital Jewish Museum in Washington, DC. He is the author of Racism in the Nation’s Service: Government Workers and the Color Line in Woodrow Wilson’s America and the co-editor of the forthcoming We the People: Public Workers in Service of America. Yellin earned his BA from Columbia University and his PhD in American History from Princeton University. His public history writing has been featured in the Washington Post, USA Today, The Conversation, and elsewhere.

Moderator: Tracie Guy-Decker is the deputy director at the Jewish Museum of Maryland. She started at the museum in April 2015, the same time Baltimore got national attention because of Freddie Gray’s murder and the Uprising that followed. That timing resulted in Guy-Decker pushing herself and the JMM to learn, unlearn, and grow in antiracism and anti-oppression. In her five years at the Museum, she has overseen project and process management in every aspect of operations, from finance to exhibits, facilities to fundraising. Before joining JMM, Tracie spent fifteen years helping non-profits, colleges, and universities expand their impact and their visibility through well-crafted and strategic marketing and fundraising. She has a masters degree in religious studies from the Divinity School of the University of Chicago.

#museums on tumblr #museum equity #things to do #streaming events #panels

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atlaslimoservice · 6 months

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The Complete Guide to Transportation Services in Arlington, VA

Introduction

Navigating the bustling streets of Arlington, Virginia, requires efficient transportation options to meet the diverse needs of residents and visitors alike. From convenient public transit systems to innovative ridesharing services and sustainable alternatives, Arlington offers a comprehensive array of transportation services in Arlington, VA. This guide aims to provide an overview of the various options available for getting around Arlington, offering insights and recommendations to facilitate seamless travel experiences.

Public Transit: Metro, Buses, and Trolleys

Arlington's public transit network forms the backbone of its transportation infrastructure, providing residents and visitors with reliable and convenient options for commuting and exploring the city. The Washington Metro system, with stations strategically located throughout Arlington, offers rapid transit connections to downtown D.C. and other neighboring communities. Additionally, Arlington Transit (ART) buses and Metrobus routes serve as vital links within the county, connecting passengers to employment centers, shopping districts, and recreational destinations. For those looking to explore Arlington's vibrant neighborhoods and attractions, the Arlington Trolley provides free rides along select routes, enhancing accessibility and mobility for residents and tourists alike.

Ridesharing and Transportation Network Companies (TNCs)

Ridesharing services provided by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) have revolutionized the way people travel in Arlington and beyond. Platforms such as Uber and Lyft offer convenient on-demand transportation options, allowing users to request rides to their desired destinations with the tap of a button. Whether it's commuting to work, running errands, or attending social events, ridesharing services provide a flexible and efficient alternative to traditional taxis and public transit. Carpooling options like UberPool and Lyft Line further promote sustainability and cost savings by enabling passengers to share rides and split fares, reducing congestion and emissions on Arlington's roads.

Bike-Sharing and Micro-Mobility

Arlington's commitment to sustainability and active transportation is evident in its thriving bike-sharing and micro-mobility programs. Capital Bikeshare, a regional bike-sharing system, offers hundreds of bikes available for short-term rentals at stations located throughout Arlington. Whether for commuting, recreation, or sightseeing, Capital Bikeshare provides an eco-friendly and convenient mode of transportation for residents and visitors alike. Additionally, electric scooter and electric bike rentals offered by various micro-mobility operators offer an alternative means of getting around Arlington, particularly for short trips and last-mile connections.

Car Rentals and Car-Sharing Services

For those in need of a vehicle for longer journeys or day trips outside the city, car rentals and car-sharing services offer convenient options for getting around Arlington and the surrounding area. Several car rental agencies have locations in Arlington, providing a diverse selection of vehicles to suit different preferences and budgets. Whether for weekend getaways or business travel, renting a car allows for greater flexibility and independence in exploring Arlington and its neighboring attractions. Car-sharing services like Zipcar offer short-term rentals by the hour or day, providing a cost-effective and hassle-free alternative to traditional car ownership for urban residents.

Navigating Arlington: Tips and Recommendations

Plan Ahead: Before embarking on your journey, take time to familiarize yourself with Arlington's transportation options and plan your route accordingly. Use online trip planning tools and mobile apps to find the most efficient and convenient way to reach your destination.

Explore Multimodal Options: Take advantage of Arlington's diverse transportation network by combining different modes of transportation for optimal flexibility and convenience. Consider walking, biking, or taking public transit for short trips, especially during peak travel times.

Consider Alternative Routes: Avoid traffic congestion and delays by exploring alternative routes and transportation options. Be open to trying new modes of transportation, such as ridesharing or bike-sharing, to enhance your travel experience in Arlington.

Embrace Sustainability: Support Arlington's efforts to promote sustainability and reduce carbon emissions by choosing eco-friendly transportation options whenever possible. Whether it's biking, walking, carpooling, or using public transit, every small step towards sustainability contributes to a greener and more livable Arlington.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Arlington, VA, offers a diverse and comprehensive range of transportation services to meet the needs of its residents and visitors. From public transit and ridesharing to bike-sharing and car rentals, Arlington's transportation options cater to a variety of preferences and travel requirements. By leveraging technology, promoting sustainability, and embracing multimodal solutions, Arlington continues to enhance mobility and connectivity for all. Whether commuting to work, exploring the city's attractions, or simply running errands, navigating Arlington is made easy with its wide range of transportation services.

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ilyaslam · 5 years

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The 10 Best & Worst U.S. Cities For Public Transportation

When it comes to public transportation, New York City is famous for its subways, San Francisco for its Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system and Los Angeles… for its crowded freeways. With cities large and small, public transport is crucial to moving commuters, shoppers and residents back and forth with speed, accuracy and affordability.

Quality of public transportation can be an important factor when choosing what city to move to.

Here are lists of the top 10 best and worst cities for public transportation in the U.S., according to Walk Score, which rated each city based on accessibility of bike-sharing programs, buses, ferries, heavy rail, light rail and subways.

Top 10 Best Cities For Public Transportation

1. New York City, New York

It’s a well-known fact that most New Yorkers don’t own cars, instead relying on the city’s taxicabs, bike-share programs, buses, subway systems and railroads. The city’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority recently opened the 34th Street–Hudson Yards Station that extends its already far-reaching subway service even more.

2. San Francisco, California

When you mention San Francisco, most people immediately think of its quaint cable cars that traverse the city. Despite the fact that they’re tourist-friendly, these colorful trolleys serve as part of the transit network to shuttle commuters to work. The city is rife with affordable, accessible public transport that includes municipal buses, trains, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), subways and CalTrain rail lines. Ferries are also a part of the transit system to link San Francisco with Oakland and Sausalito.

3. Boston, Massachusetts

For as crowded as Boston is, the “T” or the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, is in charge of its buses, ferries, trains and trolleys. As complicated as you’d think it would be to navigate all those travel options, fear not. Color-coded maps and schedules are available, and locals are always happy to help.

4. Washington, D.C.

Another city that’s rife with traffic gridlock is the nation’s capital. Not only is it the center of all things government, but it’s a tiny area (that covers 68 miles total) with nearly 700,000 residents and many more out-of-town commuters and 22 million annual tourists (in 2016 alone) of people trying to move around its streets. The Metrorail and Metrobus are the two major options for avoiding vehicle traffic.

5. Jersey City, New Jersey

Amtrak is big in Jersey City, and New Jersey’s second-largest city is walker-friendly. Transit buses and heavy-rail PATH (Port Authority Trans-Hudson) trains get movers and shakers to and from Newark and Manhattan in record time. New York Waterway ferries also dock in Jersey City.

6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The City of Brotherly Love shows no shortage of public transportation options. Philadelphia’s public transit agency, SEPTA (Southeast Pennsylvania Transit Authority) operates the regional (commuter) rail trains, heavy rapid transit (subway/elevated) trains, light rail vehicles (trolleys), electric trolleybuses and motor buses. Also available is the city’s Indego bike-sharing transport system.

7. Chicago, Illinois

Chi-town tourists and commuters get around via “The L,” officially known as the Elevated Electric Train that’s run by the Chicago Transit Authority. Buses, taxis, water taxis, and the city’s bike-sharing program, Divvy, are all options to travel around this historic metropolis.

8. Miami, Florida

Traverse Miami proper via its buses, rail systems, and old-fashioned trolleys that transport you to the city’s hot spots and tourist venues. The Metromover Monorail is an elevated, electric train that circles downtown. The Metrorail is a nearly 25-mile long elevated train that takes visitors north and south of Miami and also connects to the Tri Rail intercity commuter system.

9. Arlington, Virginia

Arlington, Virginia has its Arlington Transit bus system and a Metro system that transports travelers to and from Washington, D.C. It also has a bike share program and commuter trains.

10. Baltimore, Maryland

Public transportation options in Baltimore included the bus, Light Rail, Metro subway and the MARC train commuter rail system. The Charm City Circulator is a free bus service that even partners with the Water Taxi Harbor Connector for free water routes!

Top 10 Worst Cities For Public Transportation

Now we count down the 10 worst cities in the U.S. for public transportation.

10. Fort Wayne, Indiana

9. Lubbock, Texas

8. Fort Worth, Texas

7. Virginia Beach, Virginia

6. Chandler, Arizona

5. Colorado Springs, Colorado

4. Plano, Texas

3. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

2. Gilbert, Arizona

1. Chesapeake, Virginia

Sorry, Chesapeake, you have the worst public transportation in the U.S.!

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