#top 10 pcb manufacturer

[amanpreetkaurs-blog]

Why Choose PCB Fabrication in India?

PCB fabrication in India has become a global hub for high-quality, cost-effective printed circuit board production. Indian manufacturers offer advanced technologies, skilled labor, and adherence to international quality standards. With competitive pricing and scalable solutions, India is ideal for both small-batch prototypes and large-scale production. From consumer electronics to automotive and medical industries, PCB fabrication in India meets diverse and complex market.

[pcbcircuit]

Essential Tools and Techniques in Prototype PCB Manufacturing

Prototype PCB manufacturing by PCB Circuit is a specialized process focused on quickly and efficiently bringing electronic designs from concept to functional boards. Whether testing new circuit designs or refining existing ones, PCB Circuit ensures precise fabrication, quality control, and quick turnaround times to help clients accelerate their product development cycles.

[amy-hitechpcb]

Aluminium PCB

Aluminium PCB are metal-based, copper-clad laminates with a good heat dissipation function. Usually, Aluminium PCB is refer to LED PCB board, which is the most important part of LED display and lighting products, etc.

Hitech Circuits Co., Limited is a professional aluminum pcb board, LED PCB manufacturer in China. Through 10 years of aluminum pcb board designing and manufacturing experience, Hitech are able to provide high quality and cost effective single layer, double layer and multi layer aluminum pcb boards to global customers. For any of your requirements regarding aluminum pcb board, please don’t hesitate to contact sales20@hitechpcb.com

[vidyalive]

A Comparative Analysis of B.Tech in Automobile, Aeronautical, and Marine Engineering

Do you want to make a lucrative career in the engineering field?

If yes, you must choose the right B.tech course for you. There are various specializations available in Online Btech engineering, but Automobile Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, and Marine Engineering stand at the top. Every field have the own set of benefits, and reward your career with handsome job opportunities. The B.tech aeronautical engineering, Marine engineering, and automobile engineering course will make your career in developing, designing, and managing transportation systems.

As technology advances, the demand for skilled engineers will increase. If you are ready to start your educational journey in engineering and choose the right course, then here we help you. We will be going to tell you about top B.tech in aeronautical engineering, automobile engineering, and Marine engineering in India, career opportunities, recruiters, etc. So you will choose the right course for your career success.

Overview of B.tech in automobile engineering

automobile engineering is a specialized field of engineering that deals with the development, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of automotive vehicles. This discipline consists of various fields, such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, and computer science. After you complete the B.tech in automobile engineering course in India, you will become an automotive engineer. This course will equip your knowledge to design efficient, dependable, and safe vehicles.

Eligibility criteria for B.tech in automobile engineering

Here is a B.tech in automobile engineering eligibility

You must passed 10+2 with PCM/PCB subjects to become eligible for automobile engineering.

The candidates should have a minimum of 50 percent of marks in board exams.

They also need to clear national-level, state-level, or college-degree entrance exams, including CUCET, OJEE, GATE, MAH CET, etc, for admissions to Engineering courses.

Career opportunities

Is automobile engineering a good career? There are demanding engineer jobs for supervision in factories, automobile industries, and supply chain vehicles of diverse agencies. If any students finishing their graduation in Automobile Engineering, then there are a bunch of career options available for them, as follows as

Vehicle Development Engineer

Automotive Research Engineer

Automotive Manufacturing Engineer

Automotive Design Engineer

Automotive Research Engineer

Overview of B.tech in aeronautical engineering

Aeronautical engineering is a field of study that teaches you about the research and development of aeronautics. The B.tech aeronautical engineering course will prepare you as the highest-paid engineer and equip your knowledge with the design and development of spacecraft and aircraft. You will prepare for handsome jobs in this field as a mechanical design engineer, aircraft production engineer, aerospace designer checker, consultant, and graduate engineer trainee after completing a B.tech in aeronautical engineering course.

Eligibility criteria for B.tech in aeronautical engineering

In order to get admission to UGC approved universities for Aeronautical Engineering, a student need to fulfill B.tech in aeronautical engineering eligibility.

A student should have to appear and passed 10 + 2 with physics, chemistry, and maths subjects. The minimum required score is 60%-70% in physics and chemistry and 70%-75% in mathematics.

JEE or JEE Mains should be cleared. JEE cut-off score matters in this case

One can need to clear AME CET exam, for you to get admission in top ranking colleges for aerospace or aeronautical engineering.

Career opportunities

Is aeronautical engineering a good career? There are various job options available for aeronautics graduates. Aeronautical engineers can pick out one of the following career options

aeronautical engineer

academic researcher

design engineer

maintenance engineer

manufacturing systems engineer

materials engineer

mechanical engineer

automotive engineer

Overview of B.tech in Marine Engineering

Marine engineering is an extensive stream of engineering that covers marine machines, ships, harbors, oil platforms, and other constructions. B.tech marine engineering course will teach you about the techniques and technologies of construction and maintenance of the essential systems and machinery of shipyards, vessels, vehicles, and marine structures. After getting admission to this course, you will get in-depth knowledge based on practical, theory, and hands-on shipyard experience in marine engineering

B.tech in Marine engineering eligibility

Candidates need to have finished 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics (PCM) as mandatory subjects from a recognized board.

Minimum Marks required is 60% in PCM

50% marks in English subject in 10+2 exam.

Career Options

Is marine engineering a good career? Here are the several job opportunities that will offered to Marine engineering graduates

Logistics Executive

Logistics Manager

Transport and Distribution Manager

Warehouse Manager

GM Commercial

Top Recruiters for Automobile, Aeronautical Engineering, and Marine engineering

After the candidates complete the course, they can get a job offers with a handsome salary and promising career options. There are a number of companies in India and Abroad that job activity opportunities for aerospace and aeronautical engineers.

Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO)

Defense Research and Development Organisation(DRDO)

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

National Aerospace Laboratories(NAL)

Civil Aviation Department

National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)

Boeing

Various MRO(Aircraft Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) Organisations

Conclusion

Ultimately, the decision between Automobile Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, and Marine Engineering relies upon your passion and career aspirations. Automobile Engineering gives opportunities in the ever-evolving automotive industry, focusing on land automobiles. Aeronautical Engineering guarantees a career in the dynamic and high-tech aviation zone, dealing with planes and spacecraft. Marine Engineering, however, caters to the ones fascinated by maritime generation and the operations of ships and submarines. Each discipline has its own set of demanding situations and rewards, and the best preference is the one that aligns with your interests and long-term career goals.

[extrondesignservice]

Key Benefits of Professional Electronic Circuit Designs in Product Development

Electric circuit boards are a common component of almost all modern electronics, and electronic circuit designs is necessary for each and every one of these devices to function. It takes years of experience to design a high-quality electric circuit board, and experts in the field can put the best design schematics into practice to ensure that the product or appliance works as intended. When it comes to design the professionals follow a structured approach like consultation, product design, quality check, followed by client feedback.

For the greatest product development in Australia, a qualified PCB designer or electronics design engineer tests, prototypes, and makes design changes before delivering the finished product to the customer. In order to guarantee high-quality work, it's critical to choose a PCB design services provider with a staff of experienced electronics specialists. Because they are aware of the costs associated with PCB prototyping, professionals complete the process as cheaply as feasible. Poor PCB board design in the context of RF designs can have a number of detrimental repercussions that result in loss or product failure.

An Overview of the Services Provided by Companies That Design Circuit Boards

The Internet of Things, or IoT, has revolutionised the electronics industry by utilising high-speed embedded microcontrollers and wireless networks to link numerous gadgets. Many items, such as lightbulbs and temperature sensors, may be remotely controlled via the Internet of Things without requiring human involvement.

Animal Deterrent Systems: With the use of modern animal deterrent devices, crops may be protected against birds and other animals without endangering them. Using a wireless audio system to produce moving noises, this technique confuses and dissuades birds from flying into fields.

Calibration Repairs: Top designers are capable of doing the crucial and important task of calibrating various RCD testers. Electronics design companies also offer cable repair and calibration services.

Product Development: Professionals can design new electrical items based on specifications provided by clients. Professionals may help with ideation, IP protection, and product design.

The top experts in the field of electronics have years of expertise building circuit boards and utilising various microcontroller technologies. Hiring the most recognised electrical design professionals is the ideal plan of action for anyone intending to manufacture a product or keen to integrate electronics into real items. 

Source: https://extrondesignservice.blogspot.com/2024/10/key-benefits-of-professional-electronic.html

[hitechpcb]

Fabricante de Placas de Circuito Impreso Flexibles-Rígidas

Las placas de circuito impreso (PCB) rígidos-flexibles se fabrican combinando tecnologías de placas rígidas y flexibles. Estas placas de circuito están formadas por múltiples capas internas de circuitos flexibles. Para unir estas capas internas se utiliza una película adhesiva epoxi preimpregnada. La principal ventaja de estas placas es que combinan la mejor calidad de las placas de circuitos flexibles y rígidos. Esto puede tener varias ventajas adicionales en lo que respecta a la estabilidad, el ensamblaje, la transmisión de señales y el tamaño general del circuito. HitechPCB proporciona una serie de variantes en las PCB rígidas-flexibles, que incluyen la flexión rígido de 4 capas con acabado ENIG, flexión rígido de 10 capas con flexión de 4 capas, flexión rígido de 12 capas con disipador de calor, tarjetas de circuitos flexibles rígidos de 14 capas, y muchos más. Es uno de los principales fabricantes de PCB rígida-flexible.

Cada placa de circuito impreso depende del cobre para transportar la electricidad. Entendemos que el espesor del cobre juega un papel clave en el rendimiento de estas placas de circuito. Por lo tanto, permitimos a los clientes elegir entre una variedad de espesores de cobre, incluyendo 0,5 OZ, 1,0 OZ, 2,0 OZ, 3,0 OZ, hasta 6 OZ. La máscara de soldadura contribuye a mejorar el aspecto estético de los componentes de la placa de circuito impreso. Podemos proporcionar placas de circuito impreso flex rígidos en varios colores de máscara de soldadura, incluyendo blanco, negro, azul, verde, rojo y blanco Taiyo PSR4000. La placa de circuito impreso puede suministrarse en colores de serigrafía: blanco y negro.

Las placas de circuito impreso flexibles rígidos tienen unos requisitos de espacio mínimos que se optimizan mediante la aplicación 3D. Estas placas de circuito impreso no necesitan cables ni conectores entre las piezas rígidas. Esto ayuda a reducir el tamaño de la placa, así como el peso total del sistema. Estas menores juntas de soldadura también ayudan a garantizar una alta conectividad. Además, estas placas tienen contactos ZIF integrados. Estos contactos ayudan a simplificar la interconexión del sistema. Esta PCB rígida-flexible de 4 capas y otras placas de circuito impreso e envasan al vacío durante el transporte. Esto nos ayuda a asegurar la calidad, así como las condiciones de trabajo de las placas.

#PCB Rígida-Flexible

#PCB manufacturer

#PCB fabrication China

#custom PCB manufacturing

#prototype PCB manufacturing

#low-cost PCB manufacturer

#high-quality PCB manufacturing

#quick turn PCB fabrication

#flex PCB manufacturer

#multilayer PCB manufacturer

#Best pcb manufacturer

#Top 10 pcb manufacturer

#Pcb manufacturer near me

#Pcb manufacturer in China

#FPCB manufacturer

#PCB Assembly

#PCB Assembly China

[admissionopenushamartinranchi]

Career Opportunities after Completing a Pharmacy Course After 12th

Pharmacy professionals play a crucial role in healthcare because they ensure the safe and effective use of medication. Students, once they complete a pharmacy course after 12th grade, can pursue a wide range of career opportunities in various sectors. There are two courses, B.Pharma and D.Pharma, which can be taken after 10+2. The demand for skilled pharmacists is growing because of advancements in the pharmaceutical industry and an increasing focus on healthcare services.

Career Opportunities after Completing a Pharmacy Course After 12th:

Here’s a brief overview of the potential career paths –

Retail Pharmacist – A retail pharmacist works in retail pharmacies. The main role is to give prescription medications to patients, provide information about these medications, and advise on their safe and effective use.

Hospital Pharmacist – A hospital pharmacist is a highly trained healthcare professional specializing in the safe and effective use of medications within a hospital setting and plays an important role in the healthcare team. These professionals work closely with doctors, nurses, and other medical staff to ensure optimal patient care.

Clinical Pharmacist – A clinical pharmacist is a healthcare professional who specializes in optimizing the use of medications to achieve the best outcomes for patients.

Production – In the pharmaceutical industry, pharmacy students play an important role in production. Their knowledge and skills are important in ensuring the development, production, and distribution of high-quality medications.

Quality Control and Assurance – Quality control and quality assurance are important in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The pharmacy students work in labs, testing raw materials, in-process materials, and finished products to ensure they meet required standards.

Research and Development (R&D) – Pharmacy students also get a chance to work in the R&D of new pharmaceuticals. In this they get a chance to conduct experiments, analyze data, and collaborate with other scientists to develop new drugs and improve existing ones.

Pharmacy Courses After 12th – Eligibility, Duration:

Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharma)

This course at UMU comes with duration of 4 years and can be pursued after 10+2 Science with PCB and PCM. The students must have scored 50% out of 10+2. The B.Pharma course is UGC- and PCI-approved. The course focuses on the properties and impacts of pharmaceutical medicines and equips students with the necessary skills to guide patients through medication and the use of medicine. According to the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), the curriculum is designed. The main subjects included are Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmacology.

Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharma)

This two-year course at UMU is for students who have completed 10+2 Science with PCB and PCM. The students must have scored 50% out of 10+2. The course provides in-depth knowledge of the science and techniques of pharmacy practice and medicine management. The D.Pharma course covers the principles and practices involved in the science of pharmacy, including major topics like Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics. According to the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), the curriculum is designed.

Admission Process for Pharmacy Courses:

Admissions for the B.Pharma and D.Pharma courses in 2024 are now open. Before the seats fill up, students interested in pursuing the course must enroll immediately. The admission process at Usha Martin University, one of top pharmacy college in Jharkhand, is very user-friendly and based on the prescribed eligibility for both courses. Students can download the admission form the university website and send the duly filled-out forms to the university at the suggested address. Alternatively, they can apply and pay the fee online.

Top Pharmacy College in Jharkhand:

For a pharmacy course in Jharkhand, one of the best colleges is Usha Martin University. The college was established under the Usha Martin University, Jharkhand Act 2012. The University Grants Commission recognizes it as a self-financing private university with the authority to award certificates, diplomas, and degrees. The university offers a wide range of professional courses at the UG and PG levels, along with PhD courses. The university established the Faculty of Pharmacy in 2020 to pursue pharmacy courses. The Faculty of Pharmacy offers two courses: the Bachelor of Pharmacy (B Pharm) and the Diploma in Pharmacy (D Pharma), both of which are offered as pharmacy courses after the 12th grade.

Conclusion –

A career in pharmacy offers a mix of opportunities in healthcare services, research, industry, and business. With the growing demand for healthcare services and advancements in pharmaceutical sciences, pursuing a pharmacy course after 12th grade can lead to a fulfilling and diverse career path.

[usapcbpowermarket]

The Elements of Your PCBs: A Comprehensive Guide to 10 Most Popular Electronic Components

Discover the essentials of PCB design and manufacturing in this comprehensive guide by PCB Power. Learn about the top 10 most popular electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, and diodes, and understand their critical roles in printed circuit boards. Whether you're a novice or an experienced designer, this guide provides valuable insights to enhance your PCB projects. Stay informed and ahead in the electronics industry with expert advice from PCB Power, a leader in PCB manufacturing.

[siliconsignalsblog]

Top 10 Hardware Design and Development Companies

Top 10 Hardware Design Development Companies in India

India’s hardware design and development sector is thriving, with companies at the forefront of innovation. These companies offer a wide range of services, from concept design and prototyping to manufacturing and testing. If you’re looking for a hardware design partner in India, here’s a list of 10 top companies to consider:

Silicon Signals

Silicon Signals is a leading provider of hardware design and development services in India. They have a team of experienced engineers who specialize in everything from embedded system design to FPGA development. Silicon Signals is known for its quality work and its commitment to on-time delivery, and other things such as Power Optimization, Android BSP, AOSP, Linux BSP, Linux Kernel, Device Driver etc..

Tata Elxsi

Tata Elxsi is a design and technology services company that offers a wide range of hardware design and development services. They have a proven track record of success in a variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical devices.

Cyient

Cyient is a global engineering and technology solutions company with a strong presence in hardware design and development. They offer a variety of services, including concept design, detailed engineering, prototyping, and production support.

Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions

Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions is the engineering and business solutions arm of the Bosch Group. They offer a wide range of hardware design and development services, with a particular focus on automotive technologies.

Honeywell Technology Solutions

Honeywell Technology Solutions is a leading provider of automation and control solutions. They also offer a variety of hardware design and development services, with expertise in areas such as aerospace, building automation, and industrial automation.

KPIT Technologies

KPIT Technologies is a leading engineering services company that specializes in the automotive and manufacturing industries. They offer a variety of hardware design and development services, including concept design, detailed engineering, and prototyping.

L&T Technology Services

L&T Technology Services is an engineering services company that offers a variety of hardware design and development services. They have a strong presence in the industrial and process engineering sectors.

Mphasis

Mphasis is a leading IT services company that also offers a variety of hardware design and development services. They have expertise in areas such as embedded systems design, PCB design, and mechanical engineering.

Samtec India

Samtec India is a leading manufacturer of interconnect solutions, including connectors and cables. They also offer a variety of hardware design and development services, including design for manufacturability (DFM) and design for test (DFT).

IRCTC Railtel

IRCTC Railtel is a leading provider of IT solutions for the Indian Railways. They also offer a variety of hardware design and development services, with a focus on railway signaling and communication systems.

[amanpreetkaurs-blog]

Low-cost PCB manufacturer In Jaipur- Pcbcircuit

A low-cost PCB manufacturer specializes in producing printed circuit boards (PCBs) at affordable prices, often by optimizing production processes and using cost-effective materials. They cater to a range of industries, providing economical solutions for prototyping, small-scale production, and budget-sensitive projects without compromising on quality and reliability.

[pcbcircuit]

Benefits of Multi-Color PCBs in Circuit Design

Multi-color printed circuit boards (PCBs) are transforming the landscape of electronic design by blending functionality with aesthetics. One of the primary benefits of multi-color PCBs is that different colors can indicate specific circuit functions or components, helping engineers and technicians quickly identify issues during manufacturing and testing. , the use of multi-color PCBs can improve thermal management and signal integrity

[teardownit]

Review, teardown, and testing of LRS-75-24 Mean Well power supply

General description

LRS-75-24 is a 24-volt power supply with a maximum current of 3.2 amperes. According to the manufacturer, the unit operates at a mains voltage of 100 to 240 volts without an additional switch. It has no PFC function. The supply measures approximately 4 × 4 × 1 1/5 inches (99 × 97 × 30 millimeters) and is made on a printed circuit board fixed to the base of the metal case. The top cover is perforated, and the holes are meant for passive cooling.

The input and output circuits are connected to a common screw block (1). From right to left, there are 3 terminals for the input line, neutral, and ground wires, and terminals 4 and 5 are the outputs: ground and +24V. The input voltage goes to the fuse and inrush current limiter (2), then to the RF interference filter (3), and finally, to the diode bridge (4). The inrush current limiter has no markings; apparently, it is just an NTC. The rectified mains voltage is supplied to the 150 uF, 400V capacitor (5) and then to the flyback converter built on an MW03A controller (located on the back side of the PCB), a TK750A60F transistor (6), and a transformer (7). The voltage from the secondary winding of the transformer is rectified by a Schottky diode HBR20150 (8) and supplied to storage capacitors 2×470uF 35V, and, through an additional LC filter (10) (11), goes to the output. The feedback circuit is classic; with TL431 (on the other side of the board), the feedback signal is transmitted to the PWM controller through one of the optocouplers (12); the second optocoupler forms a backup channel for overvoltage protection at the OVP output. The installed electrolytic capacitors are designed for operating temperatures up to 220F (105C). The bulkiest of them, the input one, is held on the board with compound.

Build quality is good.

The power transistor (6) and diode (8) are pushed against the metal case using spring brackets to dissipate heat. Their own housings are insulated using special shells.

Test conditions

Most tests are performed using Metering Setup #1 (https://teardownit.com/posts/power-control-unit-for-testing) at 80F (27C), 70% humidity, and 29.8 inHg pressure. The measurements were performed without preheating the power supply with a short-term load unless mentioned otherwise. The following values were used to determine the load level:

It should be noted that there is a slight overshoot; increasing the load slightly increases the output voltage.

Power-on parameters

Powering on at 100% load

Before testing, the power supply is turned off for at least 5 minutes with a 100% load connected. The oscillogram of switching to a 100% load is shown below (channel 1 is the output voltage, and channel 2 is the current consumption from the grid):

The picture shows three distinguishable phases of the power-on process:

When connected to the grid, the pulse of the input current charging the input capacitors has an amplitude of about 5.7 A and a duration of 6 ms.

Waiting for the power supply control circuit to start for about 117 ms.

(Output Voltage Rise Time) Starting the converter, increasing the output voltage, and entering the operating mode takes 6 ms.

(Turn On Delay Time) The entire process of entering the operating mode from the moment the device powers on is 123 ms.

(Output Voltage Overshoot) The switching process is aperiodic; there is no overshoot.

Power-off parameters

The power supply was turned off at 100% load, and the input voltage was nominal at the moment of powering off. The oscillogram of the shutdown process is shown below:

The oscillogram shows two phases of the shutdown process:

(Shutdown Hold-Up Time) The power supply continues to operate because the input capacitors hold charge until the voltage across them drops to a certain critical level, at which point maintaining the output voltage at the nominal level becomes impossible. The phase takes 16 ms.

(Output Voltage Fall Time) Reduction of the output voltage, stopping voltage conversion, and accelerating the voltage drop takes 19 ms.

(Output Voltage Undershoot) The shutdown process is aperiodic; there is no undershoot.

The amplitude of the current at 100% load before shutting down is approximately 3 A.

Output voltage ripple

100% load

At 100% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 20 mV.

At 100% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 50 mVp-p.

75% load

At 75% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 40 mV.

At 75% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 35 mVp-p.

50% load

At 50% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 20 mV.

At 50% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 40 mVp-p.

10% load

At 10% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 10 mV.

At 10% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 20 mVp-p, and the noise is 80 mVp-p.

0% load

The no-load current consumption measured with a multimeter is 18 mA. The current consumption in this mode is predominantly reactive. In the supply circuit, the input filter contains a 0.47 uF capacitor.

(Power Consumption) It is not possible to measure the exact active power consumption at a 0% load with a basic set of instruments (oscilloscope, multimeter, etc.).

At 0% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 10 mV.

At 10% load, ripples at the converter frequency are masked by the 90 mVp-p noise.

Dynamic characteristics

A mode with periodic switching between 50% and 100% load was used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics. The oscillogram of the process is shown below:

The supply’s response to load changes is a bit shaky. The magnitude of the response to load changes reaches 200 mV.

Overload protection

The claimed protection type is "hiccup mode, which recovers automatically after the fault condition is removed." This was confirmed during testing. When a short circuit occurs, the power supply periodically tries to turn back on and, if the overload is still present, turns off again until the next attempt. This operating mode reduces energy losses and heating during overload. Still, it does not allow the parallel connection of multiple power supplies with a common output.

The output current for the overload protection to kick in is 5 A.

Input circuit safety assessment

(Input discharge) Safety assessment is based on the discharge time constant of the input circuits when disconnected from the grid; the value is 0.234 s. This means that when operating on a 120 V input voltage, the time required to discharge the input circuits to safe values (<42 V) will be 0.37 s:

Important: The result is valid for this particular power supply unit; it was obtained for testing purposes and should not be taken as a safety guarantee.

The leakage current at the ground pin is about 11 µA.

Thermal conditions

When operating with no load connected, no component overheating had been noticed. Thermograms were captured at three power levels: 80, 90, and 100%, fully assembled and with the lid removed. Thermal images show that the most loaded element of the block is the input thermistor (NTC), and its heating seriously stands out against the background of all the other components. At 80% load, it heats up to 197F (92C, 117F above ambient temperature). At 90%, it's 214F (101C, 134F above ambient), and at 100%, it reaches 227F (108C, 147F above ambient).

80% load

90% load

100% load

Conclusions

Overall, the LRS-75-24 is a solid unit. It's noise and ripple are acceptable for many applications, the output voltage is maintained accurately, and the build quality is decent. However, the dynamic characteristics of this power supply are not that good. When load pulses, one can notice large surges and quite some ripple, indicating some circuit design downsides in terms of its frequency characteristics. For long-term operation, the load should be limited to 80–90% of the nominal one, especially during the hot season when ambient temperatures reach 95F (35C) or more.

Important: The results are valid for this particular power supply unit; they were obtained for testing purposes and should not be used to evaluate all the units of the same type.

[bayareacircuitsusa]

Why Every Electronics Startup Should Consider PCB Prototype Services

Electronics startups often face the challenge of delivering innovative, reliable, and cost-effective products, making prototyping a critical step in their development process. PCB prototype services are essential for reducing the risk of expensive errors by allowing engineering teams to test and validate designs before mass production. This not only saves time and money but also enhances product quality.

Prototyping mitigates risks by identifying design errors early, preventing costly rework and ensuring the final product functions as intended. It also accelerates time-to-market by enabling rapid design adjustments, allowing products to launch ahead of the competition. Furthermore, PCB prototype services are a cost-effective way to innovate, enabling startups to experiment with various designs without significant investment, leading to a more refined product.

Additionally, tangible PCB prototypes improve communication within the team and with stakeholders, making design discussions and troubleshooting more efficient. Investing in PCB prototype services is crucial for any electronics startup, as it can be the key to a successful product launch. Bay Area Circuits (BAC) offers top-notch quick-turn PCB fabrication, design services, and manufacturing, providing essential support for startups. Contact BAC today for a quote.

Originally Published at- https://bayareacircuits.wordpress.com/2024/05/10/why-every-electronics-startup-should-consider-pcb-prototype-services/ 

[spookysaladchaos]

SMD Thick Film Resistor, Global Market Size Forecast, Top 14 Players Rank and Market Share

SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Summary

Surface Mount Device (SMD) thick film resistors are electronic components used in circuitry to control the flow of electric current. These resistors are made using a thick film deposition process, where a resistive paste is printed onto a ceramic substrate and then baked to form the resistive element. SMD thick film resistors are designed for surface mounting onto printed circuit boards (PCBs), offering advantages like space efficiency, ease of automated assembly, and good stability under various operating conditions. They come in various sizes and power ratings, catering to different application needs. The "thick film" aspect refers to the thicker layer of resistive material compared to thin film resistors, providing different electrical and thermal properties.

Figure.   SMD Thick Film Resistors Product Picture

Source: Secondary Sources and QYResearch, 2024

According to the new market research report “Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Report 2023-2030”, published by QYResearch, the global SMD Thick Film Resistor market size is projected to reach USD 2.55 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period.

Figure.   Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Size (US$ Million), 2019-2030

Above data is based on report from QYResearch: Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Report 2023-2030 (published in 2024). If you need the latest data, plaese contact QYResearch.

Figure.   Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Top 14 Players Ranking and Market Share (Ranking is based on the revenue of 2023, continually updated)

Above data is based on report from QYResearch: Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Report 2023-2030 (published in 2024). If you need the latest data, plaese contact QYResearch.

According to QYResearch Top Players Research Center, the global key manufacturers of SMD Thick Film Resistor include Yageo, KOA, Walsin Technology, Vishay, Fenghua Advanced Technology, Ta-I Technology, Panasonic, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Rohm, UniOhm, etc. In 2023, the global top 10 players had a share approximately 84.0% in terms of revenue.

Figure.   SMD Thick Film Resistor, Global Market Size, Split by Product Segment

Based on or includes research from QYResearch: Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Report 2023-2030.

In terms of product type, 1% Tolerance is the largest segment, hold a share of 38.7%,

Figure.   SMD Thick Film Resistor, Global Market Size, Split by Application Segment

Based on or includes research from QYResearch: Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Report 2023-2030.

In terms of product application, Automotive is the largest application, hold a share of 23.4%,

Figure.   SMD Thick Film Resistor, Global Market Size, Split by Region

Based on or includes research from QYResearch: Global SMD Thick Film Resistor Market Report 2023-2030.

Market Drivers: D1: Consumer Electronics Boom: The continuous growth in consumer electronics, including smart devices, home appliances, and entertainment systems, has contributed to the demand for SMD Thick Film Resistors in various applications. D2: There is a stable demand for SMD thick film resistors in the automotive, industrial, medical, Telecommunication, energy and other fields of various countries. D3: Growth in Demand in Emerging Economies such as China, India, Southeast Asia, Brazil etc. Restraint: R1: Price Volatility: Fluctuations in raw material prices used in SMD Thick Film Resistors, can affect production costs and subsequently impact pricing strategies. R2: The design and R&D of SMD Thick Film Resistors require high-tech talents, and enterprises are facing the risk of brain drain. R3: Global Economic Conditions: Economic downturns or uncertain market conditions can lead to reduced consumer spending on electronic devices, impacting the demand for SMD Thick Film Resistors. Challenges: C1: Miniaturization Demands: As technology advances, there's a constant need for smaller and more compact electronic devices. This requires SMD Thick Film Resistors to be even smaller while maintaining or improving performance, posing a challenge in manufacturing and precision. C2: Cost Pressure: The market often experiences price pressure due to competitive forces and cost-cutting demands from manufacturers. Balancing quality and cost-effectiveness become crucial to sustain profitability. C3: Technological Advancements: Rapid advancements in technology lead to newer materials, manufacturing processes, and innovative designs. Keeping up with these advancements requires substantial investments in research and development to stay competitive.

About the Authors

Wei Qin Lead Author Semiconductor and Electronics Email: qinwei@qyresearch.com

  About QYResearch QYResearch founded in California, USA in 2007. It is a leading global market research and consulting company. With over 16 years’ experience and professional research team in various cities over the world QY Research focuses on management consulting, database and seminar services, IPO consulting, industry chain research and customized research to help our clients in providing non-linear revenue model and make them successful. We are globally recognized for our expansive portfolio of services, good corporate citizenship, and our strong commitment to sustainability. Up to now, we have cooperated with more than 60,000 clients across five continents. Let’s work closely with you and build a bold and better future. QYResearch is a world-renowned large-scale consulting company. The industry covers various high-tech industry chain market segments, spanning the semiconductor industry chain (semiconductor equipment and parts, semiconductor materials, ICs, Foundry, packaging and testing, discrete devices, sensors, optoelectronic devices), photovoltaic industry chain (equipment, cells, modules, auxiliary material brackets, inverters, power station terminals), new energy automobile industry chain (batteries and materials, auto parts, batteries, motors, electronic control, automotive semiconductors, etc.), communication industry chain (communication system equipment, terminal equipment, electronic components, RF front-end, optical modules, 4G/5G/6G, broadband, IoT, digital economy, AI), advanced materials industry Chain (metal materials, polymer materials, ceramic materials, nano materials, etc.), machinery manufacturing industry chain (CNC machine tools, construction machinery, electrical machinery, 3C automation, industrial robots, lasers, industrial control, drones), food, beverages and pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, agriculture, etc.

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Compatibility Guide for CORSAIR MP600 Elite 2 TB NVMe SSD

CORSAIR MP600 Elite

Under severe loads, the Corsair MP600 Elite’s heatsink keeps the drive cool. Hot SSDs slow down, therefore this is crucial. The low-profile heatsink fits most laptops and desktops.

Advantages of the CORSAIR MP600 Elite:

Game and app loading is quicker with the Corsair MP600 Elite than with a SATA SSD.

Improved responsiveness: The Corsair MP600 Elite might make your system seem quicker and snappier.

The MP600 Elite’s fast speed reduces game latency and stuttering.

Creative workers: The Corsair MP600 Elite is ideal for creative professionals that work with huge files like images and films. The quick speeds boost productivity and workflow.

The CORSAIR MP600 Elite is suitable for rapid storage. Gamers and creatives that demand maximum performance will love it. However, it is a pricey SSD, so examine the pros and cons before buying.

Corsair offers three MP600 Elite models. Like, the first version has a black aluminium heat sink. The PlayStation 5-inspired version has a white heat sink. A third option, Corsair’s heat sink-free version, is ideal for notebooks or motherboard coolers.

The Corsair MP600 Elite is an 8-cm M.2 with PCIe 4.0 x4. The cheaper MP600GS can read and write at 4,800 and 4,500 MB/s, while the Pro XT can read and write at 7,100 and 6,800. Corsair claims 7000 MB7s read and 6500 MB/s write for the MP600 Elite, just below the MP600 Pro XT. Will they notice this tiny theoretical disadvantage in practice or will performance differ even more?

The write speed of the storage medium depends on the amount of data written without interruption and the memory fill level. This is why life cycle write speed is hard to predict.

Controller NAND and Dynamic pSlC cache

Corsair uses soft, sticky pads to dissipate the 5 to 7 watts peak (measured) at maximum load from the top. After removing these, you can see the TECHVEST PCB, customised and assembled for Corsair. The Corsair MP600 Elite deliberately uses the smaller and cheaper Phison E27 instead of the faster Phison E18.

This has four NAND channels and one core (three with the co-processor), half of the Pro XT. From Windows 10, the SSD uses the host memory buffer to access the computer’s system RAM instead of a DRAM cache. This is fine because this standard NVMe feature usually compensates for the lack of a DRAM cache.

The 12nm-processed E27T controller uses PCIe 4.0. The E27T is DRAM-less despite its 7,400 MB/s read and 6,700 MB/s write speeds. This method simplifies SSD design and may reduce production costs. The low-power PCIe Gen 4 SSD controller is designed for 2230 M.2 SSDs, which are used in handheld gaming devices like the Steam Deck and ROG Ally.

This controller uses TSMC’s 12nm process and Phison’s “Single CPU Architecture”. The Gen 4 PS5027-E27T controller supports 8TB of storage and 3D TLC and QLC NAND flash, like the PS5031-E31T. Sequential performance can reach 7,400MB/s read and 6,700MB/s write, and random performance can reach 1,200,000 IOPS.

NAND flash manufacturers advise against dynamically changing flash block configurations as pSLC or TLC memory for reliability reasons, but in the consumer sector, where temperature windows are less important, this is more relaxed.

The Phison E27T supports NVMe 1.4 and has many standard functions. It supports Trim and S.M.A.R.T. It uses ASPM, APST, and L1.2 ultra-low power status like other controllers. In most applications, thermal throttling is unnecessary because the controller does not overheat.

For robust error correction and data reliability, it uses the fourth generation LDPC ECC engine, SmartECC (RAID ECC), and end-to-end data path protection. A crypto-erase function and hardware-accelerated AES 128/256-bit encryption (TCG, Opal 2.0, and Pyrite compliant) are included. Phison E27T supports a fully dynamic write cache. Phison also uses SmartFlush for fast cache recovery and consistent performance.

When the great cache performance ends is unknown. After exactly 47.98 GB in one piece, the glory ended, and at more than 80% capacity, you’re only at mediocre SATA. You’ll barely be able to do that, but it’s better to fill up slowly and possibly more often.

An empty (but not virgin) SSD shows that the dynamic pSLC works as intended. The 2 TB SSD has plenty of space, so never fill it more than 2/3 full. A higher load does not affect reading, but the dynamic SLC will max out when writing. It will become impossible to switch memory modules between the two methods if you do it repeatedly. Even though the figures are smaller, the cache still matters, synthetic benchmarks should not be taken too seriously, especially if the firmware has been optimised for them.

A video stream

What happens when you stream a bigger video? For this, the industry uses the AJA benchmark, which bridges synthetic benchmarks and practical applications. Due to the trimmed cache, the Corsair MP600 Elite fails brutally here, especially since it already deviates from the theoretical write and read rate. The comments on the previous page about the dynamic pSLC cache and larger file blocks are correct. Caching collapses at just under 48 GB.

Applications benchmark Overview and conclusion

Let’s compare the MP400 (QLC), MP600 GS (QLC), and MP600 Pro XT (TLC) in a workstation. The Corsair MP600 Elite performs well in the middle of the tested models, while the QLC variants lose significantly in every case (also subjectively noticeable). In writing, many programmes weaken greatly, with the MP600 PRO XT leading and the Corsair MP600 Elite almost reaching MP600-GS levels. Due to its neutered cache, the Corsair MP600 Elite writes like the GS rather than the Pro XT.

Reading is similar, except for NAMD, and the performance boost over the cheap MP600 GS is still extreme, but more pronounced than the slight writing advantage. The cache doesn’t matter when reading, and Aja’s value is confirmed again because theory and practice don’t match.

Performance is sufficient for applications. You have to consider whether you really feel it subjectively and whether it increases productivity in the individual case enough to justify the surcharge compared to an MP600 PRO GS or whether you should go straight for the Pro XT if you want more and want Corsair.

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