#this goes for every language not just standard (which to us is english in this case)

[laurelaicoop]

Mahl Fun Facts

Due to their language being nigh-impossible for non-Mahl to speak, it's very common for individuals who regularly work with other species to name themselves after their favorite word of that species' native language.

So sometimes you'll run into Mahl named 'Niblet' or 'Crack' or 'Double' simply because the Mahl thought the word sounded neat.

[felassan]

What's all this about Solas speaking in iambic pentameter? English isn't my first language so I never noticed anything odd about the way he talks, but your blog is the first time I've seen it mentioned by anyone

hello! ◕‿◕ Solas sometimes speaks in a specific pattern or rhythm. It sometimes gets described as or compared by people to iambic pentameter. (which is a type of rhythm common in traditional English poetry. Shakespeare used it in his sonnets and plays.) Though, I'm not sure that it's actually literally that or always that. The main point is that at those times, he's speaking particularly poetically, with a specific poetic rhythm in his speech. (Like where the stress on syllables is and the 'beats' in his speech.) Occasionally, the Inquisitor's dialogue line[s] in response to him are the same.

When Trick Weekes wrote Solas in DA:I, they wrote some of his key scenes to KD Lang's cover of the song Hallelujah on a loop. They talked about some of their process and the reasons for the use of this technique in terms of Solas' characterization in this DA:I-era blog post:

Trick Weekes: "When Solas talks about things that he saw in the Fade, things that speak to a distant past, I needed him to sound ever so slightly otherworldly and wistful – someone remembering a dream with a sense of both sadness and inevitability. If you follow [that link] and look at some of Solas’s lines, you may notice a familiar rhythm come out. It would have been forcing it to give lines the same rhyme scheme, but giving the words the meter captured some of that wistfulness and made Solas sound ever so slightly otherworldly. (In the rare cases the player got into the same rhythm, there was always an approval bump from Solas. For that brief period, it was like the player was thinking like he did.) I used this a few times over the game, and I love what it did to his voice. Also, Cori (who edited Solas) is exceedingly kind for putting up with my request that changes to those lines keep this surreptitious rhythm."

[source]

An example of when it happens in DA:I is:

"I've journeyed deep into the Fade // in ancient ruins and battlefields // to see the dreams of lost civilizations. I've watched as hosts of spirits clash // to reenact the bloody past // in ancient wars both famous and forgotten. Every great war // has its heroes. // I'm just curious // what kind you'll be."

Compare this with the song's lyrics:

"I heard there was a secret chord // That David played, and it pleased the Lord // You don't really care for music, do ya? Well it goes like this: The fourth, the fifth // The minor fall, the major lift // The baffled king composing Hallelujah Hallelujah // Hallelujah // Hallelujah // Hallelujah"

An example from Trespasser is:

"I lay in dark and dreaming sleep [I heard there was a secret chord] while countless wars and ages passed [That David played, and it pleased the Lord] I woke still weak a year before I joined you. [You don't really care for music, do ya?]" etc.

Recent mentions of this are:

Q. Will Solas still occasionally or dramatically speak in iambic pentameter? A. “Massive kudos to Patrick, who always writes Solas so well. Again, Solas is a returning character. It’s the same Solas you know and love (or hate depending on who you are). The same writer. So I think the answer is yeah, it’s Solas.” – John Epler

[source: BioWare dev Discord Q&A on June 14th]

User: "you really went off with solas. but the iambic pentameter makes writing fanfic dialogue for him so treacherous..." Trick Weekes: "It doesn't always have to be in the cadence! Just when he's deeply feeling The Old Days! He's written in standard prose 99% of the time!"

[source]

I think he does it a bit in the gameplay reveal video [Veil ripping scene with Varric] too. hope this helps :>

[msg refs this post]

[For the developer Q&A from June 14th on Discord: Notes are here, re-watch link is here]

[alexanderwales]

The push for "person-first language" came from the 1983 Denver principles published by the organization "People with AIDS".

We condemn attempts to label us as "victims," a term which implies defeat, and we are only occasionally "patients," a term which implies passivity, helplessness, and dependence upon the care of others. We are "People With AIDS."

This makes sense to me, and it's mostly because the formation "AIDS people" is, instinctively, ludicrous. But this is because "AIDS" isn't an adjective, and there's not a great adjective that we can use in its place, and because there's not a great general term for "people with AIDS" or other formation. Some of this is also just "if the condition is stigmatized, then any term that refers to it will grow stigma".

But then "person-first language" started to spread.

I think it's defensible to have people write "an alcoholic man" rather than "an alcoholic", and I do accept the argument that writing "an alcoholic" in some way essentializes the condition of alcoholism. I don't think that this is some massive improvement, and there are definitely some very untested Sapir-Whorf theories that we'd need to be true for this to be best practices (and the replication crisis should give even more pause than normal), but sure, "homeless people" rather than "the homeless", this is not egregious in my opinion, I can go along with it.

But what a lot of person-first language prescribes is different. It's "a person who is blind" rather than "a blind person". And this runs into the problem that in English, we put adjectives in front of nouns as a matter of course. We say "the cute black cat" rather than "the cat who is cute and black", just as a default.

So there are, naturally, a lot of arguments about this, and a lot of them are premised on shaky sociological studies and linguistic arguments about what goes on in someone's head when they say a thing.

When you say "blind person" are you putting the blindness before the person? When you say "person who is blind" are you making an awkward, ungainly sentence that sticks out and others? Which construction is more alienating? Which one is inclusive? Which more closely aligns with the fundamental reality of the adjectival trait?

And of course some people feel the urge to try to cut the Gordian knot and say "ah ha, let's ask people what they prefer", but I think in practice this doesn't really work, because different people prefer different things, and there isn't always a consensus, and also ... do we really want to have to memorize what every different group prefers, if there were consensus?

I had a section here where I listed out every major American organization and their preferences (if they had one), but it wasn't very funny or interesting, just sort of monotonous, but it would suffice to say that there's a lot of disagreement and/or mixed preferences, and if you're not talking to or about some specific person, it's a crapshoot. The National Federation of the Blind is pretty insistent on "blind people" or "the blind", with a number of articles having come out in strict opposition to person-first language. The Deaf community likewise seems to have a fair amount of opposition to person-first language, for most the same reasons.

So one-on-one, if you're talking with a friend or coworker, you let them lead the way, but if you're writing a letter to the editor, or a blog post, or talking to or with the general public, there are two standards to use and a complex morass of discussion about what's "preferred".

Personally, I loathe the language police, but as I hope I've made clear, I do like playing language detective.

[ahamkara-apologist]

honestly I just want more wearing in destiny- not just in english, but in every language. partially because I think they deserve to swear more and partially because swears are a good way to determine what different cultures consider an offensive thing to call someone, which gives even more insight into their cultures. also I think I'd go completely feral for an eliksni, cabal empire, or hive dictionary or translation guide

YES YES YES!! YOU GET IT!!! Everytime Bungie does that bit where some Eliksni swears at us over coms and Variks refuses to translate it I die a lil inside bc I want to know!!! I want to know what they're calling us for culture reasons!!!! Is it a crude genitalia reference (in which case, yipee more biology) or is it about our social status? What about our honour? What about our weird flat faces and soft skin? Eh??

Just for fun, here's some musings of my own about what constitutes insults in each culture:

-Eliksni: There's a lot of the standard crude genitalia/excratory remarks, but those tend to be considered low blows. Most of the time it's gonna be jabs at your honour and you being a coward/lowest on the social hierarchy, and then it either devolves from there or just goes to blows

-Uluru: It's 100% all about honour and pride for these guys. The biggest difference between them and the Eliksni is that the Eliksni slip some more variety into their insults, whereas with the Uluru it's always 'YOU WILL DIE A COWARD AND DISHONOUR YOUR FAMILY IF YOU DO NOT FACE ME ON THE BATTLEFIELD THIS INSTANT'

-Hive: If they're not calling you a blight on the surface of reality or some other thing that renders you as inconsequential and soon to die, they're ACTUALLY cursing you. They tend to go a little literal here

-Psions: No worded insults, they just telepathically impart the sensation of you pissing yourself in front of everybody and leave you to wallow in the humiliation

[useless-catalanfacts]

Hola!

I know that inclusive grammar is oftentimes not set in stones.

From quick research, I understand that “elli” is one suggested gender neutral pronoun in Català. Is there an accepted inclusive definite article like “el,” “la,” outside of the confusing to speak suggestions with “x”.

It is an earnest ask as I don’t see any info online in the places I am looking.

Thank you in advance and thank you for sharing your knowledge on Catalan culture.

Hello! Thank you :D

Yes, there is. Every word (determinants, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, etc) are turned into non-binary grammatical gender by taking the feminine version and changing the gender marker -a for -i (in the case of singular) or -es for -is (in the case of plurals). Thus, the article is "li" (singular) or "lis" (plural).

I would also like to clear up a couple of minor things from the ask, I'll add the whole answer under a cut because it's a bit long.

You mentioned an "accepted" article. Accepted by who? Do you mean widely accepted by speakers, or accepted by the official institutions that regulate the standard and make dictionaries? Because those are very different questions.

Being used and understood by speakers comes first, and only after it is widespread do the academies incorporate it in their standards, dictionaries and lists. A dictionary is never a place to propose new words, only to compile the ones already part of the language. That's why academies that make dictionaries and regulate the standard, regardless of how much they want to, just can't add new things so quickly, they must wait to see if a trend really ends up becoming part of the language of if it's a short-lived trend that leaves and never takes root.

The third grammatical gender is still a recent proposal which many speakers haven't heard of, don't know how to use and don't understand (in fact, they would understand a different thing if they heard it*). For this reason, it's too soon to talk about being included by language academies. But yes, the -i ending (including elli) is the most used and most widely accepted proposal of third grammatical gender.

*replacing the vowels for the vowel "i" has always been used as a way to ridiculize a sentence, way before the -i got proposed for a non-binary grammatical gender, so people who are not familiar with this new proposal will likely interpret it as a joke.

So from now on I will answer assuming we mean what is the most widely used or socially accepted (which is what I assume you meant anyway), because as we've established it's too early to talk about being or not being accepted by official academies.

2. We are talking about third grammatical gender or non-binary grammatical gender, not gender-neutral.

In English, the singular "they" is used as a gender-neutral pronoun when we don't know the gender of the person we're talking about, but Catalan and most other Romance languages don't have this. The idea that has been proposed is a new, third grammatical gender which is neither male nor female. This third grammatical gender is used by non-binary people who prefer to use neither male nor female. But if it were gender-neutral we would use it to talk about people who aren't non-binary or for mixed grammatical genders (remember that grammatical gender does not equal human gender, the word is only a coincidence and in many cases it could be better translated as "type", "class" or "genre"), for example "there they are, the dishes and the mugs" = "allà els tenim, els plats i les tasses". We use the unmarked/masculine for that, but there's some people who also have other proposals but that's a whole other very, very long conversation.

Same goes for people, we don't use the third grammatical gender when we don't know someone's gender, unlike English this isn't part of our language. We simply tend to add the multiple options. Until now it was 2 (male and female), now it should be 3. In some other occasions, people might use the unmarked/masculine or write in reference to "person" (can be an elliptical construction that simply looks like a feminine sentence).

3. The -x.

You also mention the confusing -x. Luckily the -x is not commonly used here. It's not very useful because it's very online-only (it can't be pronounced, so it can never become part of the language more than just virtue-signaling in written form).

It's normal to have to try out different forms before finding out what will work, but we're lucky that this one never really took root because it will be easier to teach directly the new one (-i) to the broader public who isn't as invested in this.

That being said, going back to your question:

"Elli" is the personal neopronoun (equivalent to ell and ella), as you said, and the -i termination is the proposed new grammatical gender. It must be the -i because it's the only vowel in Catalan that isn't directly associated with one of the two other existing grammatical genders: -a is used for the singular feminine, -e is used for the plural feminine (as well as singular feminine in some accents), -o and -u are used for the plural unmarked/masculine. The singular unmarked/masculine grammatical gender in Catalan doesn't have an ending, so it can end in any letter (including -i). Thus, only -i is (most times) left, even though it's already used as an end in some pronouns (like "hi", meaning "there", "-li" meaning "to him" or "to her", etc). So the rule is this: for every gendered word (nouns, adjectives, pronouns, etc) just take the feminine form and in singular change the -a for -i, or in plural change the -es for -is.

The article would work the same way: li. For example:

♂️: El mestre és alt. Els mestres són alts.

♀️: La mestra és alta. Les mestres són altes.

Neo: Li mestri és alti. Lis mestris són altis.

If you want to know more details about this new proposal, there's a book called Guia gramatical de llenguatge no-binari that explains everything.

I hope this answers your question! And thank you very much for your interest.

[candrey]

Another (small) rant about Viktor's actions being unethical from the beginning.

Viktor was "healing" people physically and mentally, raising their body and mind to the "perfect human standard". However a lot a fans only took into account the "healing bodies" part, and ran with it, acting as if Jayce unfairly disturbed a small, peaceful community.

But, him "healing their minds" embodies why the path he set himself on was wrong from the start. Fear, ambition, greed, jealousy, all those negative emotions are also what makes you human. As you can see multiple times, those healed by Viktor lost all these "bad" personality traits.

For example, Salo (I honestly don't remember much about him from season 1) has always being painted as this ambition state's man, he wanted power, he wanted to lead, he wanted to be the one chosen by Ambessa. But you're telling me that after being healed, after finally being given the opportunity to (may I say) "compete in the political game" again, he genuily accepted to become Viktor's "busboy" and fetch Hexcore parts for him? (I had to use this word I'm sorry it just sounds lovely, anyway)

The Salo we saw in episode 5 was a washed down, selfless, holistic version a the man presented to us in season 1.

And that's the case for every character that was healed by Viktor, for example, the kid Jayce threatened when he first arrived in the community. Once again, the Perfect Human has no fear, the Perfect Human is understanding, empathetic, doesn't have any of those bad emotions listed above.

Same goes for Huck and every citizens "healed" by Viktor. Viktor stripped them of their individuality, of their humanity.

And when he finally accepted Singed's transformation, he did the same to himself, which is why Sky said that he won't miss her, because that would rid him of his already dwindling humanity.

Btw, the reason why they lost in so many timelines is because the Hexcore "healed" Viktor's mind and stripped him of his humanity. While we don't exactly know what happened in the other timelines, we know that Jayce was the key to end the war. Viktor quickly became a powerhouse, making it obvious that the only way Jayce could win was to convince Viktor.

However, the Hexcore built a shield, a mask around Viktor, making him, like his patients, devoided of emotions.

And because in this timeline, Ekko used his knowledge from the acceleration rune, was able to figure out time travel, and was also able to bring a piece of the-other-universe Arcane (?) with him, they managed to break the mask around Viktor, allowing Jayce to emotionally reach him.

I really love the setting/story-telling of episode 9, how strong of an enemy Viktor was, how Ekko literally had to use time travel to even reach him (!!), how even with all that, they won because Viktor came to his senses.

The whole fight was simply an alignment of stars, where the wrong rune, or the wrong turn could lead to their loss. It really explains why Mage Viktor tried so many times, with different runes each times.

(Once again, English is not my first language so please forgive me and let me know if I made any mistakes !!)

[thelightfluxtastic]

The Crawler's Language

So I'm not a linguist by academic specialty but I am bilingual and fascinated by languages and every time I reread the Underland Chronicles I think about language and especially the Crawler's style of repetitive speech.

All of the species in the Underland have different speech patterns. The bats speak rarely, quietly, and in short sentences because it is physically difficult for them. The spinners speak through vibrations. The rats as a species are associated with humor, they're most likely to use sarcasm and constantly make jokes. But when all of these species do speak, they use the grammar and syntax common to human Underland English.

The exception is the crawlers, who have a distinct verbal quirk, saying things like: "Smells what, so good, smells what?" In this essay I am making basically two arguments:

The crawlers word order is completely normal for Underland English.

Often, when discussing the crawlers, the book narration will make a point of Gregor or others having to mentally re-order sentences to understand the bugs. But if you take out the repetition, Crawler sentences become things like:

"Smells what so good?" "Be she the princess?" "Hates us, the Overlander?" "Unless this be not the Cradle"

And this order that goes Verb-Object or Verb-Pronoun is not unusual for standard Underland English. Human and other characters throughout the books say things like: "Stop you. Stay you. Slow your hearts." (Ripred, Book 1) "Meet you Mareth and Perdita" (Dulcet, Book 1) "Gather us here for we must discuss" (Vikus, Book 1)

It's even baked in to the standard Underlander farewell, "Fly you high".

So the crawlers are speaking correct sentences in Underland English, just repeating the first phrase at the end. Which brings me to my second argument.

The repetition serves a grammatical function

In paying attention to the crawler's speech, I found a pattern. The repetition is not present in every sentence. Crawlers often make simple declarative statements without repetition:

"You look much like but smell not like" "Temp will share her food with me" "Rats give many fish"

The repetition specifically happens with questions:

"Ride you, ride you? Run you, run you?" "Give you five baskets, give you?" "You so say, you?"

Even Vikus takes on this particular grammatical feature. When speaking to the Crawlers, he says "We will give four baskets, and one for thanks" but later asks "Take us to your king, take us?" when asking a question.

There are exceptions to this, but to me they seem to be in cases of emphasis or explicit confirmation:

"Only the Princess, Temp serves, only the Princess" "Hate warmbloods, cutters do, hate warmbloods"

I have no idea if this was Suzanne Collins intention, but for me personally, it reminds me of how questions are structured in American Sign Language. In ASL, a question is indicated by raising or lowering the eyebrows. Signs for question words like who/what/where/why exist, but aren't always necessary. One of the structures common with ASL is to put or repeat the question word at the end, so you can sign a longer phrase or sentence normally, and only have to worry about the question facial expression for the last word. Bill Vicars at Lifeprint/ASL University has a more in-depth explanation, comparing it to English questions structured as "You go to [X university], don't you?" or "You like engineering, do you?" But basically, in ASL, a perfectly grammatically correct way to ask if someone is Deaf is to sign: YOU DEAF YOU?

It is also worth exploring why, in my opinion, the crawlers are the only species who have this visible difference to the audience, even though all species are speaking English as a second language. And at a meta-level, it contributes to the basic assumption that the crawlers are dumber than the other species. Gregor has the most to adjust to, but even long after he's accepted that the Underlanders aren't primitive, and bats/rats are intelligent, he still has a kind but condescending outlook on the crawlers. And even other insect species (like the fireflies) look down on them. Having the crawlers speak differently from anyone else emphasizes their alienation from all other species in the Underland. And it reminds me of how some accents or dialects, like AAVE, are associated with stupidity or assumed to be "incorrect" English when they have perfectly valid and functional structures and meaning.

[dearweirdme]

I think I worded my previous ask in a way that strayed far from what I was actually trying to ask. It wasn’t so much about attraction per se but about what Jungkook thinks about Tae as a person or other things he likes about him which he might find attractive not in a romantic way. (English is not my first language so I am having a hard time putting my thoughts into words)

Ok let me put it this way. If you knew absolutely nothing about Tae and all you had in order to learn a little about him was to listen to Jungkook talk about him, what would you learn about Tae? I feel like 90% of the time, we only hear Jungkook talk about how handsome Tae looks and it gets to a point where it stops meaning much because literally everyone under the sun calls Tae handsome all the time. This isn’t me saying I expect Jk to come say things like Tae is his air or the most important person to him. That’s not what I mean.

I have seen Jk talk about all the members in some way that gives me an idea of how he sees them but mostly Namjoon and Jimin. If I didn’t know Namjoon just by listening to the way Jk talks about him i would know he is the smartest, most insightful person ever and someone who Jk respects and highly looks up to. If I didn’t know Jimin and just had to listen to Jk talk about him, I would immediately know that Jk sees him as someone who is selfless, caring and kind, someone with an amazing personality and someone who is incredibly hardworking and determined-these were his words. A fansign from years ago where someone asked the members who they would date if they were girls or something of the sort and jk went on a whole rant about the kind of person Jimin is. I remember how Jk uses every opportunity to tell us how much he admires Namjoon and how much he looks up to him and how much of an influence he has been to him. They ask Jk to use one word to describe the members and he immediately says Jimin is thoughtful and considerate. Over the years you see interviews where he takes over and talks about how he thinks Jimin is the most hardworking and the one who set the highest standard for himself. He even goes ahead to explain how Jimin rarely slept and all. When you listen to stuff like this, you get an idea of the kind of person Jimin and Namjoon are but what do you learn when Jk talks about Tae? He is the most handsome person in the world? It just feels so shallow. Of course Jk must think Tae is a good person else he wouldn’t be friends with him and wouldn’t spend so much time with him but it just seems like on a deeper level, there isn’t much he has to say about Tae. You can still be friends with someone and love them and not necessarily have deep thoughts about them or who they are as people. Not saying this is the case with Taekook though. I just feel like the way we can clearly see how Jungkook sees some other members when he talks about them is the way we should be able to see it too with Tae and not in any explicit way and that is something I just don’t see.

Oh and I am a taekooker in the sense that I like them both individually and together, their dynamic is my favourite, jk is my bias btw. Sometimes I lean towards them being a couple but other times I’m not sure so I wouldn’t say I am a staunch taekooker but one who is still questioning?

Hi again anon!

I think your question should be: why haven’t we heard Jk talk as much about Tae as he has about Namjoon and Jm? Because… would you say he has no thoughts about Tae’s character at all? Would you say he is less close to Tae than to Namjoon? If anything last year showed that Tae and Jk are very close. I’m not much of a believer in things like ‘you can spend time together and still not be close’ or ‘they can be physically close but not mentally’. I think for how we have seen Tae and Jk throughout the years, the absolute base of their relationship is a close friendship.. and that’s paired with someone having good opinions of someone else.

I believe Jk’s actions show very much that he admires Tae. He looks at him in amazement. He praises him, he looks for his company and comfort, he is concerned about Tae at times, there’s basically years of evidence that show these two men are very connected.

So the question is.. why haven’t we heard Jk talk about Tae the way he does about Namjoon and Jm? I think the reason is obvious… and it’s twofold. For one, the company strategy imo is that Tae was marketed as the pretty face. Which… omg… absolutely the most beautiful man in the world if you ask me… but, they did not market him the same as they did Namjoon (leader), Jk (wonderchild), and Jm (a hard working, person of comfort). I feel Hobi and Jin are also left more in the background.. and Yoongi possibly somewhat more in the middle. If I were to be controversial… I’d say their answers about each other are thought out and meant to place a spotlight on whoever or whatever the company feels the spotlight should be on. That’s basic mediatraining for you.

The other thing, I think Jk and Tae are probably closeted. I think when they were found out the company put rules and boundaries in place, which also has an effect on how they talk about each other. It’s what my strategy would be.

I think though that perhaps your view isn’t totally correct? Jk is very often described as muscleman by all members, or as talented in general. Do we get to know him very well by what the others say? Do we really get to know any member actually well by what they say? Or do we get to know them better by watching them? By experiencing them for ourselves?

[kata4a]

@jadagul @necarion @arsinyk @quantumofawesome

Over Thanksgiving @jadagul was explaining Maiden handtalk (from the Wheel of Time novels) to me, which as I understand it is a signed language used by the female warrior class of the setting, letting them communicate in secret (and in particular without being understood by men).

Obviously this immediately made me think of Irish Sign Language.

ISL is a language unique for having highly distinct gendered variants (due to the segregation of schools for deaf children). Naturally the children, after graduating, would eventually want to interact with each other, and naturally, it was the women who were expected to learn the men's language.

This of course, meant that female ISL speakers knew a private language which they could use to communicate in secret from men.

That's at least what I remembered, but I wanted to confirm that I had my facts straight, so I did a little bit of research when I got back to Boston. Pretty much every source I could find agrees that Irish Sign Language has two distinct gendered variants (e.g.: https://www.irishdeafsociety.ie/irish-sign-language/). But it was somewhat more difficult to find more information characterizing those differences.

At least it was until I found the faculty page for Barbara LeMaster, whose research specialty is apparently exactly this. A lot of the most useful information was from her 2006 paper, Language Contraction, Revitalization, and Irish Women

Apparently, the gendered differences in ISL are not just from segregated schooling in general, but in fact can be traced to two specific schools during a specific period of time: St. Mary's School for Girls from 1846 to 1946 and St. Joseph's School for Boys from 1855 to 1957.

(Why do the gendered differences seem to disappear in the middle of the twentieth century? Because the schools, and especially the girl's school, stopped teaching sign language and started emphasizing oralism; and as the language was used less and less the variations within it started to collapse. Apparently ISL as it is taught now is largely a standardization of the language that was spoken at St. Joseph's, although the details are of course a bit more complex than that.)

And LeMaster does confirm that the "women learned male signs for public sign use, reserving female signs for private use among women." (p. 214) She goes on to say:

Men of this generation typically use the male form with everyone. And as might be expected, the men often claim that the differences between their and the women’s signs are not great and did not impair communication between them (Foran 1996[1979]; Foran, cited in Leeson and Grehan 2004). However, the women, having done the accommodation work, recognize the differences between their signs and the men’s signs, noting that in the beginning they had to use their common finger-spelling system to communicate with the men through spelling words in English (Coogan, 2003; Ceci Walsh, interview by the author, 2004; LeMaster 1990). Most women use the male signs more often but have retained their female forms for use with other women in certain contexts.

Unfortunately, as far as I can tell, rather than being a cool secret gossip language, the social position of the women's sign language is a lot more "girls feel bad for being girly":

For example, in a videotaped interview, one woman talks about being ridiculed by men for her female signs. She says that she has forgotten a lot of female signs and actually “prefers” male signs over female signs. She says of male signs (translated from ISL), “They’re nicer.” Curiously, however, this same woman, who claims to have abandoned her female signs, interacts with other women who are monodialectal in female ISL. And during the sign interview on videotape, at the very time she says that she no longer uses female signs, she employs the female sign for use. In a section of the videotaped interview immediately following this segment, she uses the male sign for use, so it is clear that she knows both forms, and her use of the female sign in this instance was an unconscious code switch.

[active-mind-15]

Oh yeah, after I read that one Akashi-centric fic called A Lesson In Human Interaction (and all the bullshit that comes with it), I am finally breaking my silence on my Nebuya headcanon that he's half Nigerian because in the fic he has a Nigerian father and now I feel validated. However, a difference between my headcanon and the author's headcanon is that instead of him being from the Yoruba tribe, I want to say that his family is Igbo. Purely because I am also Igbo and I want to project. Anyway, walk with me.

Nebuya being half-Nigerian and not living in Nigeria means that whichever parent of his is Nigerian (I'd assume the mother simply because he has a Japanese family name) would make sure he stays connected to his culture somehow. One of those ways is for sure through his name. Interracial couples especially tend to each give their kid a name that comes from their respective country. In this case, even though Nebuya has a Japanese name, his mother would give him a Nigerian one as well that she calls him by. Haven't decided what it would be, though, so I'll get back to you on that.

Another way would be through language. This would mean that Nebuya (in my opinion) would be trilingual because he would speak Japanese, Igbo, and--by extension--English, since English is the national language of Nigeria anyway and so most people speak it to some degree (effects of being colonized by the British ✊🏿😔).

The English part would be interesting to explore because Nebuya speaking English would have Akashi (who is canonically fluent in English) thinking he would understand Nebuya when he speaks it. But when Nebuya speaks with Nigerian relatives, especially cousins, he slips into Pidgin instead (a Nigerian dialect of English), leaving Akashi confused. He can speak standard English as well, but he goes back and forth between that and Pidgin English. Also, I think he would speak Pidgin more commonly with cousins but then use Igbo with older relatives like aunts, uncles, and grandparents. So Akashi, wanting to decipher what he's saying, would ask Nebuya about it and maybe Nebuya would teach him a few words/phrases in Pidgin. It would be cute to see Nebuya teach his teammates Igbo phrases as well. Imagine if the next time Nebuya called any of his Nigerian relatives he'd tell them he was teaching his teammates their language and make them try and talk to his relatives in Igbo.

Don't remember if it was ever confirmed in canon so I'll keep this as a regular headcanon, but I believe Nebuya can cook very well (like if you're gonna eat all that food every day you better know how to sustain yourself), so I would think sometimes he likes to make traditional Nigerian food. His favorite dishes are of course the ones heavy on meat, and he likes to pair them with either fried rice or jollof rice. Typically making traditional Nigerian food is done in bulk, which means he'd have a lot to store as leftovers to eat throughout the week, but he also does like to share and would save some food for his teammates to try.

I also am thinking of what Nebuya would look like in traditional Nigerian clothes like a kaftan or agbada. I've seen him in kimonos, so it would be fun to see him rock some Nigerian clothes, too. Maybe his aunt or his grandmother makes clothes for him that they send over to Japan for him to wear.

I would hope that every so often, Nebuya would take a trip to Nigeria to see family. And when he comes back, he brings gifts for his teammates. Imagine them sitting Nebuya down and asking him to tell stories from his trip, and they all get to sit there and learn more about Nebuya's culture and his family.

Anyway, I'll cut it off here, but I am obsessed with this headcanon and I just had to get it off my chest.

[haru-dipthong]

罠英語・Trap words pt 2

Part 1 had some satisfying explanations for the etymology of trap words. This time it’s the opposite - we’ll be looking at some trap words that have unclear origins.

コーンフレーク → cornflakes ✅… but also → any breakfast cereal ✅

Though the word コーンフレーク is used to refer to cornflakes specifically, it is also used more generally to refer to any breakfast cereal at all. Researching to find evidence of this usage was difficult, despite its widespread usage. Every Japanese dictionary defines コーンフレーク as cereal made of flakes of corn, without so much as a mention of the common “misconception”. You get a hint of the reality of the common usage when you google 「コーンフレーク 意味」— three of the results on the first page are variations of 「シリアルとコーフレークの違いは何？」.

The best I can do for evidence is this video from Kevin’s English Room where they refer to various cereals like Froot Loops and Reese’s Puffs as コーンフレーク.¹

非常に代表的なアメリカのコーンフレークでございます "This is an extremely typical American breakfast cereal."

Part of the silence here is due to Japanese speakers being generally a bit more linguistically prescriptivist than English speakers, especially when it comes to loan words. There seems to be this notion that the original English definition is the “correct” one - but this isn’t the case! The “correct” use of a word is simply one that conveys the intended meaning. That’s just how language evolves. It’s why “nonplussed” has come to mean “unconcerned” instead of its original opposite meaning. Not to mention, when a word is borrowed into another language, it is now a part of that language. It goes through phonetic changes to match the language's phoneme inventory and syllabic structure, gains its own meaning, and can play by the unconscious sound and grammar rules of the new language.² The Japanese word コーンフレーク and the English word cornflake are not the same word! And it’s ok for them to mean different things! I don’t think this sentiment is widely accepted by Japanese culture, which explains why it’s so hard to find a Japanese dictionary definition that defines コーンフレーク as “breakfast cereal”. (Jisho does though!³)

As far as its origins are concerned, I believe this is a simple case of genericisation (though I can't find any evidence to support that), similar to how we call all hook-and-loop fasteners "velcro".

ハンドル → handle ❌ → steering wheel ✅

This word is was also hard to find any etymology on. Even the best articles I could find are unsure about its origins. There are a couple of theories but nothing solid.

The word ハンドルバー for the handlebars of a bike may have been misinterpreted to mean “steering mechanism” rather than “horizontal pole to grab” and applied to cars as well.⁴ Then in standard Japanese fashion, the word was trimmed down to four morae, becoming ハンドル. Another article suggested that it originally came from the “handling” of a car. The wheel controls the handling, so 「ハンドルを操るホイール」 may have just been shortened to ハンドル.

テンション → tension ❌ → excitement ✅

テンション is often used in phrases like 「ハイテンション」　「テンションを上げる」　「テンションを下げる」, to mean the energy or vibes of a situation. This graph might help:

I did a lot of digging on this, and I couldn’t find any reliable sources or actual records of how テンション came to have this meaning. The best explanation I could find came from an unsourced yahoo answers question (lol), but there does seem to be a consensus: It seems to come from musical tension, specifically tension chords on guitar.⁵⁶⁷ The first use of テンション in this way may have come from bands playing at live concerts. “Tension” in a chord is an extra note that’s not a basic part of the chord.⁸ Apparently adding this extra sound causes a feeling of anticipation - it feels like the music is building up to a resolution, which gets people excited at a concert. Musicians would use the phrase 「テンションコードを上げる」, meaning “build excitement with tension chords”, which became simply 「テンションを上げる」, and this phrase was then adopted by the general population and taken out of its musical context, becoming a trap word!

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tROynQjSSVc [2] https://www.tumblr.com/javerend/702780060197879809/these-are-all-good-thoughts-im-going-to-borrow?source=share [3] https://jisho.org/search/コーンフレーク [4] https://nihon5-bunka.net/jinglish-handle/ [5] https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13195893143 [6] https://kimini.online/blog/archives/22851 [7] https://dhits.docomo.ne.jp/feed/10004705 [8] https://hubguitar.com/music-theory/chord-tensions

[best-romanov-monarch]

Description & Rules

Have you ever wondered why Russia is the way it is? You can thank these beautiful, beautiful people for at least the significant chunk of it! For better or for worse. And we are here to determine which one of them is... Most significant? Interesting? Best (least bad) person? Well, what does "best" mean here is an excercise best left to the audience. In any case, we are here to celebrate their lives and achievements, because Romanovs were historically a lot of things, but never, ever, EVER boring. Which is why they are the best royal house. No I am not sorry @best-habsburg-monarch and @best-hohenzollern-ruler

Okay, I am a little sorry, because they were the ones who gave me the idea. Love you, guys!

Rules:

One poll every Thursday, with regular bonus polls every Friday.

Since historically there have been 18 rulers from the house of Romanov and all of them are unique little snowflakes, none of whom I'd forgive myself for throwing out, I decided for a bit less traditional approach to this poll. Namely, there is going to be a big initial Elimination Round, during which 9 pairs of contestants will compete against each other. Of the 9 winners, the one who has won with by the most narrow margin is also eliminated. Regular Round will thus have 8 contestants and will be followed by Semifinals and Finals.

The contestants are more or less who you'd expect, with some caveats. Namely, I took the liberty to replace Ivan V. with Anna Leopoldovna and Peter II. with Sofia Alexeievna. Because unlike a certain dynasty, we do not involve children in our drama.

I am using English language transliterations of the Russian names. With patronymics.

Propaganda and antipropaganda are encouraged, within reason. You can refer to current events, but please don't make it into a political soapbox! This is ultimately meant to be a tongue-in-cheek historical game, same as the Habsburg and Hohenzollern polls. Also don't be dicks in general, like no racism, sexism, attrocity denial or any other nastiness. That hopefully goes without saying. Also: propaganda does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the admin! I will post any and all propaganda and antipropaganda that fits the basic standards of this poll. If you have any objections to the opinions expressed, argue with the original poster - unless, again, poster is just factually wrong or has said something horrible that I didn't notice.

UPDATE: The roleplay nonsense was transferred onto @best-romanov-monarch-official If you liked that aspect of this blog (which I doubt, or else I wouldn't have scrubbed this blog clean of it), check that account.

TAGS: #main bracket - polls and recaps of the main bracket #main bracket recap - recaps of the rounds of the main bracket #bonus polls - well, bonus polls #memes - well, memes #about us - what others say about this bracket (with our response or otherwise) #housekeeping - other posts, mainly about how this poll works, updates etc.

(PICTURE SOURCES

Thumbnail: https://www.rbth.com/history/326376-russian-blood-romanov-dynasty

Profile pic: https://heraldicjewelry.com/pages/romanov-family-crest)

[dr-spencer-reids-queen]

Elephant's Memory: Part Two

Pairing: Spencer Reid x Female!Reader

Word Count: ~2.2k

Warnings: canon violence, canon language, canon talk of death, methods of kill

Author’s Note: I do not own anything from Criminal Minds. All credit goes to their respective owners. If there is any warnings that exceed the normal death/kills from the show, I will list them. If you’ve seen the show, then it’s the same level of angst unless otherwise stated

Derek stays at Owen's house as instructed, you and the two men go to the high school, and the rest of the team check out Owen's truck. You're glad that Hotch requested you to be with him and Spencer because you know something is going on with him. He's more irritated than usual, and you don't know why.

When Rossi's side of the team got to Owen's truck left near a gas station store, they found it to be completely cleaned out. Owen clearly didn't want to leave any clues behind as to where he is headed next. He's a smart kid, you'll give him that. Every move he's made has been clever and well-planned.

The victim, however, had a single gunshot wound to the face. His name is Kyle Border, nineteen. Kyle was the cashier in the gas station, and Kyle's car is nowhere to be found. Owen killed him and took his car after ditching his own. There is no evidence that Kyle ever resisted.

Owen didn't need to kill him, but he did. Owen didn't need to shoot him in the face, but he did.

Turns out that Kyle is a couple of years older than Owen, and they went to the same high school together. Owen despised Kyle, but why?

Inside the gas station, it looks like everything has been restocked when Owen visited last night. The only thing missing is a couple of gallon jugs of milk, frozen pizzas, and cold cuts. That's not something you take on a road trip because they can go back very easily if not kept frozen which can only mean one thing.

The roadblocks aren't going to work because Owen never left town. He's still here, but the question is, where? Is he alone? Sheriff Hall doesn't seem to think so because Jordan's body was never found. Owen might have made it seem like she died, but then took her and is now feeding her somewhere.

Is Jordan a hostage or an accomplice?

That's why you're at the high school. You want to know what kind of kids Owen and Jordan are. If she is his accomplice, then you need to know where she might have gone as well. The best person to talk to about this would be the guidance counselor, Ike Stratman, who is more than happy to talk to you.

"As Owen's counselor, what can you tell us about Jordan and Owen?"

"Not much. They started dating last year when Owen moved to Special Ed."

"Isn't that a bit late for junior year?" you ask.

"Yes, if he'd been put there for academic reasons. He was put there for bad behavior, bad attitude, and lack of effort. Owen applied himself in some classes. He did very well, but it didn't last."

"The problem wasn't lack of effort or bad attitude," Spencer says. "The A's in Math and Science says he's a gifted student. The D's in English and History tells us that he had difficulty reading. The "F" in geometry indicates a severe problem with spatial relations. That's further confirmed by his atrocious, illegible handwriting."

"It's all consistent with a brilliant but severely learning disabled student," Hotch adds.

"Yeah, but his standardized tests didn't support that kind of intelligence."

"A spatial relations handicap affects your hand-eye coordination. He couldn't fill in an answer bubble any easier than he could hit a baseball, which is why he stayed away from sports."

"Sports was a sore spot with his father," Ike sighs. "I mean, he joined the wrestling team freshman year just to appease his old man, but that didn't work out."

His phone rings, and he excuses himself to answer it.

"He was probably the smartest kid in class," Spencer says once Ike is distracted. "He just couldn't prove it. Being the smartest kid in class is like being the only kid in class. He missed all of it."

"Schools like this can't meet the specialized needs of every student."

"He gives it everything he's got, over and over and over again, and continues to fail. The whole time, they tell him it's his fault. I mean, it makes sense."

"Spencer, you're jumping to conclusions to fit your theory," you say gently.

"An undiagnosed learning disability does not add up to this level of violence, not without severe emotional abuse. You know that," Hotch backs you up.

Hotch's phone rings this time, and Derek calls about a video he found on Owen's computer. Apparently, it's important, so he sends it over to the high school so you three can watch it. Ike comes back just as soon as Hotch hits play.

It's a video of Owen inside a locker room with only a towel wrapped around his waist. It looks like the person filming didn't want Owen to know he was filming, and you can only imagine where this is going to go.

"Guys, I'm not so sure that I can do this," Owen sighs.

"It's just us. It's not like you don't masturbate at home, right?" the person filming asks.

Whoever Owen is talking to wants Owen to masturbate on film in order to be on the team, you're assuming.

"No, I do it, man. I can't do it while you're watching me."

"You want to be on the team, you gotta do it. We all did it."

"Okay, I'll try," Owen sighs shyly.

"He didn't know he was being filmed," Spencer sighs. "Did Owen tell you about this?"

"He didn't have to. It was posted on the school social networking site. We pulled it down immediately," Ike answers.

"Once it's on the internet, it's out there forever. Owen knew that."

"Did Owen tell his father about this?" you ask.

"Not at first, but whe Owen quit the wrestling team, his father confronted him. I mean, he blamed Owen for the whole thing."

"How were these boys punished?" Hotch wonders.

"Owen identified them, but on film, all we have is their voices. I mean, even if they'd admitted involvement, all they'd have to do is say Owen didn't have to do it."

"He didn't know he was being filmed," Spencer gets angry.

"Look, it's his word against theirs. Parents, the school board, and lawyers will get involved. I mean, cyber-bullying is a hot issue right now. The whole thing would wind up on the news. How's that gonna help Owen?"

"What did you tell him?"

"I told him that dealing with bullies is part of growing up. Boys have a way of sorting these things out for themselves."

"Yeah, they sure do. Right now, Owen's out there sorting it out with an assault rifle," Spencer glares.

"Reid," Hotch glares at your boyfriend.

Spencer shakes his head and leaves, and you immediately leave Hotch's side to talk to him. Hotch begins apologizing to Ike, but you're fed up with his behavior.

"What the hell is wrong with you?" you ask knowing there is no one in the hall to witness this. "Something is wrong here, Spencer. I can feel it. You know you can come to me for anything."

"I'm fine, Y/N," he sighs.

"I don't believe you. You know, the last time you were acting like this, you were taking Dilaudid. I hate to ask this, Spencer, but are you taking it again?"

"No," he says truthfully, "but I want to."

"Is this about what happened with Jack and Lindsey? If it is, that wasn't your fault, Spencer. Jack already made up his mind the second he left the police station. Plus, I was there. You don't have to carry this burden alone. You're not alone, Spencer."

You feel like there is something more to Spencer's behavior than just Jack and Lindsey, but he isn't giving anything up. You don't want to pressure him and push the situation, but you need him to know you're not going anywhere, and it's you and him until the end.

In order to figure out who posted the video online, Penelope needs to dissect it. You're not going to get answers at the school, so once Hotch is done talking to Ike, you three head back to the police station.

"He deleted everything but the one mpeg," Penelope says once you get her on the phone. "I'm walking Morgan through retrieving what he put in the trash, but--"

"We've got three missing kids, Garcia. We need access to Owen's email," Hotch cuts her off.

Ike confirmed with Hotch that the guys who Owen was talking to on the video were three kids that are nowhere to be found. You have a feeling Owen has them, and it's not going to end well for them.

"The kid is tech savvy, sir, but fret not, I am tech savvier. Is that a word? That sounds like a word. If it is a word, I'm it."

"You need decaf, Pen. It's eleven in the morning where you are," you chuckle.

"Right."

"Two alienated kids with no maternal presence, and have dysfunctional relationships with dominating fathers who withheld love. They were made for each other," Rossi says about Owen and Jordan.

"As lovers, yes, but not as partners in crime. There's nothing in Jordan's profile that indicates she's capable of violence, and certainly not murder."

"She might not know what Owen is doing," you say.

"A new mpeg just posted to the school social networking site. He... You need to see this," Penelope says sadly.

She sends over another video, and it's of the three missing kids who bullied Owen. You knew this was coming, but didn't know it would come so soon. All three kids are in their underwear kneeling on the ground near a lake and a bridge.

"It was a joke, man! We didn't mean anything by it. It was three years ago. No one even remembers it," one of them begs.

"I do," Owen says with a hard voice.

Owen isn't in the frame, so you can't see what he's doing, but the fear in the kids' eyes is enough to say it all.

"No, Owen, don't! Please!"

Owen takes his assault rifle and kills all three kids, and you look away from it with sad eyes. The camera fell into the tall grass, so you can't see the physical murder, but you do hear the gun go off and the kids scream.

"Garcia, is there any way to trace the mpeg to the computer that sent it?" Hotch asks after a moment of silence.

"It was sent from Jordan's PDa, but Owen's hacked the sim card. He's anonymized it. It stops the phone from transmitting its current position. Hackers do it to stop roaming charges. It's good for one call, and then the carrier turns the service off."

"You're saying that it has to be on and using it in order to be tracked?"

"Bingo."

"Have the cell company leave the service on in case he sends anything else," Hotch orders.

"Yes, sir."

"Let's bring in Sheriff Hallum and see if he recognizes the background."

Once the Sheriff confirmed the location, half of the team went to investigate the area. Owen had just killed them, but he was nowhere to be found once your team got there. You stayed behind at the office because you'd rather not see three kids with bullets in their bodies.

By the time everyone gets back with a working profile, you immediately take Spencer to the side since the feeling you got from him earlier is back and is worse than before.

"Are you sure you're okay?"

"Can we not do this here?"

"I just want you to feel as comfortable as I do. I want you to tell me things even if it hurts you. I need you to understand that I'm not going anywhere," you beg with your eyes.

"The profile is about to start," he says and walks away.

You sigh sadly but follow him out to the main room to give the profile on the officers at the station. It looks like the officers don't agree with having a profile if they know who the killer is.

"We are wasting time. Owen is here, and we should be knocking on doors," an officer argues.

"That's not a good idea. Owen is watching. He's monitoring the news. Right now, he thinks you think he's gone. He feels safe. If we start knocking on doors, he's gonna know that he's not. He's gonna feel trapped."

"Why the hell should we care about this little bastard's feelings?"

"Alright, we're here to help you bring in Owen with minimum loss of life," JJ says with a stern voice. "The profile tells you the best way to do that."

"Owen fits the profile of a type of school shooter known as an injustice collector. He's trying to avenge perceived wrongs," Spencer explains.

"If he's a school shooter, why hasn't he hit the school yet?"

"Because of Jordan. Most of these guys are so angry and hopeless, they just want to kill as many people as possible and commit suicide. Jordan gives him a reason to live."

"Otherwise he's a textbook case. His life was one torment after another. His teachers gave up on him, his classmates bullied him, and his father blamed him while giving him access to guns. Given these conditions, you're actually quite fortunate," Spencer says.

"It sounds like you're saying these victims deserved this."

"We're not. Nobody deserves this," Hotch quickly says, looking at Spencer.

"But you could have prevented it."

"Reid, can I talk to you?"

Hotch doesn't give Spencer room to answer. He takes him into an empty conference room, and you look toward the ceiling to keep your tears from falling out. Spencer is in pain, you can feel it, and he's not letting you help him.

Something happened to him, and he's not letting you in.

x

Follow my library blog @aqueenslibrary​​​​​​​​ where I reblog all my stories, so you can put notifications on there without the extra stuff :)

[isamorgan]

— * CAMILA MENDES. ISADORA "ISA" MORGAN. CIS WOMAN. SHE/HER. TWENTY-EIGHT. POLITICIAN (IN TRAINING).

📍pinterest. 🎵 playlist.

FACTS

BASICS

full name: isadora carmen morgan

nickname: isa

age: twenty-eight

date of birth: october 24

zodiac: scorpio

place of birth: lincoln city, or

gender identity: cis woman

pronouns: she/her

sexuality: money ❤️

occupation: business bitch politician in training.

FAMILY

father: sebastian morgan (formerly moreno), mayor

mother: sofia morgan nee valle, businesswoman

no siblings

ADDITIONAL DETAILS

relationship status: single

education: bachelor’s degree in business and political science

languages: english, spanish, portuguese

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

height: 5’2”

hair: black, just past shoulder length, naturally straight but with waves for important events

eye color: brown

OTHER

traits: ambitious, argumentative, competitive, privileged, stylish, vain, spoiled, insecure, dramatic, manipulative

aesthetics: the click of high heels, the lingering smell of expensive perfume, an unexpectedly strong handshake, the critically acclaimed television show glee, a ghostlight shining bright on an empty stage

HEADCANONS

the story goes that the morgan family came from nothing. before lincoln city, at least. formerly the moreno family, they changed their name and settled in small town oregon for a fresh start. they were seeking the american dream. little did they know then just how quickly they’d get it.

the morgans were a part of the founding of the town and originally became the mayoral family by default. only in the past few generations have children been born and bred for the role. isa has known from birth what her destiny is, so there’s never been any use in her finding other passions.

the valles have been in real estate development for generations, so business/politics is truly in isa's blood.

isa has always gotten everything she’s wanted in terms of material things, but she tends to struggle with making positive connections. she can frequently be described as “too much” - too dramatic, too argumentative, too selfish. though she was somewhat popular in high school, how much of that was because she was wealthy and well connected? college wasn’t much better for her in terms of genuine friendships. upon graduation she permanently moved back to town to learn the ropes.

isa was also not the best at actual school back in the day (math is hard!), but she was very involved in extracurriculars - in particular, drama, dance, and debate (co-captain).

if she could've picked her profession, she would've moved out to la to become an actress. instead, she spends her days pretending to be in a new spinoff of succession that's also a spinoff of the west wing… and veep.

she is legitimately good at business. people don’t expect it of her, but she’s very good at working within the political landscape of business relationships to get what she wants.

girlboss feminism has had an indisputable impact on isa. every time she questions whether she’ll be any good at being mayor, she just has to take a sip from her mug that says “the boss” and whisper her mantra - gaslight, gatekeep, girlboss.

isa has a knack for planning events. her family has held a private gala or two (or one every year) and isa in more recent years has taken over the planning for it. she even spent one summer doing some basic event help with the rest of the local government to really solidify her own connections. it was also there that she discovered she has a few issues with control. apparently there IS a wrong way to fold napkins.

she dates, but not often. her standards are high and if you're not in her tax bracket, it's likely you're more of a networking opportunity than a potential suitor.

her little dad-approved community betterment programs are 1) renovating the local community theatre, which was shut down a few years ago after someone got electrocuted, and 2) banning plastic bags and plastic straws, to save the environment.

WANTED CONNECTIONS

the serena to her blair. equally as popular, kind of messy, and part of the close friend trio with tae.

makeover montage. isa has always wanted to play fairy godmother to someone - maybe this was back in high school, maybe it's more recent.

current crush. they don't have to be rich, but nice? nice would be good. she's a strong, independent woman, but the heart wants what the heart wants.

the one that got away. isa's had a fair amount of bad relationships, but sometimes things do end for other reasons. maybe their lives were going in different directions. maybe they really were a match made in heaven but she's the one who messed it up.

rivals. from back in high school or in present day. if from st. mary's, this likely would've been for roles in the drama club.

TAKEN CONNECTIONS

cat blanco. childhood friends.

cherry amin. math tutor/friendly.

chris wilder. they weren't close, but isa was there that night. and her parents made sure to stay extra close to the wilders throughout the immediate aftermath.

elise wilson. the serena to her blair.

nicholas lehoy. ex. they dated early on in high school. he's the reason she no longer dates outside of her tax bracket.

river calloway. former friend. though they were set up for friendship by their parents, they did eventually bond over the pressures that they both felt to succeed in roles they hadn't chosen. which made it all the worse when the news about river's dad broke and isa's parents insisted she cut ties. she didn't do it immediately, but by the time they graduated they were essentially strangers.

tae seong & tbd. trio. close friends!

vincent atwood. ex. they dated senior year of high school, up until he cheated on her with helena. as a result, she tried to get him banished from lincoln city.

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

By: Zack K. De Piero

Published: Jun 29, 2023

A so-called antiracist work environment was, actually, a hostile work environment

I’m a white writing professor, and apparently, that’s a problem. That was the unmistakable message sent to me at Penn State University – and that’s why I’m suing them.

In November 2020 – nearly half a year after George Floyd’s murder – I was subjected to a “White Teachers Are a Problem” video for a monthly professional development meeting for writing faculty. Its featured speaker, Asao Inoue, is a self-described antiracist practitioner. Not an obscure one, either: About a year prior, Inoue gave the Chair’s Address at a prestigious writing studies research conference – the same field in which I earned my Ph.D. – where he declared, “White people can perpetuate White supremacy by being present [...] Your body perpetuates racism.”

At the heart of Inoue’s appalling comments is the baseless attribution of negative characteristics to a particular race. Inside radical academic bubbles, that might be applauded; in the real world, that’s called discrimination. And it’s illegal. When discrimination enters the workplace, depending on its frequency and intensity, citizens can file a hostile work environment lawsuit against their employer.

At my Abington campus, my direct supervisor pushed an aggressive “antiracism” campaign through private emails and monthly meetings. She laid the groundwork by echoing a colleague’s stance that “reverse racism isn’t racism,” thereby abandoning cherished human rights principles. “[R]acist structures are quite real in assessment and elsewhere regardless of [anybody’s] good intentions,” she claimed. “Racism is in the results if the results draw a color line.” Later, citing a “Black Linguistic Justice!” resolution from an increasingly politicized research organization, my supervisor issued two directives: “assure that black students can find success in our classrooms” and “assure that all students see that white supremacy manifests itself in language and in writing pedagogy.” 

Translation: the English language is racist, teaching writing is racist, and grading black students by consistent standards is racist.

Tough spot if you’re a white writing instructor and one of your black students doesn’t submit a big paper. Even tougher if you work at a “majority minority” campus: out of 20 undergraduate campuses across the Penn State system, to its credit, Abington is the only with a majority of minority students. But the toughest position goes to every black student in this environment – an educator seems to believe they’re incapable of achieving academic success on their own merit.

Misguided as my supervisor was, she wasn’t just one rogue professor in the bunch. Antiracism fever ran rampant through the school’s institutional culture. To commemorate Juneteenth 2020, Abington’s DEI director told us to “Stop being afraid of your own internalized white supremacy” and to “Hold other white people accountable.” That same week, amidst faculty panic over a masked-up return to campus, one colleague invoked “history and white male privilege” to forecast, without discernible evidence, “One can already see a mile away that there will be some who resist wearing masks, etc. Such resistance is also more likely to be led by white males and in classrooms taught by women and people of color.”

In September 2021, I complied with my state-mandated duty to report bias of these (and other) incidents.  The Penn State Affirmative Action Office summoned me into a Zoom meeting where its associate director informed me, “There is a problem with the White race” then directed me to continue attending antiracist workshops “until you get it.”

The next antiracist workshop was titled, "The Myth of the Colorblind Writing Classroom: White Instructors Confront White Privilege in Their Classrooms." During this meeting, my supervisor provided a quote: "Without attending to issues of inequity and particularly the role race [plays] in constructing social inequities, we remain unaware of and thereby unwittingly reproduce racist discourses and practices in our classrooms.” As the target audience for this message, I sensed that I’d soon get accused of racism for holding my students to reasonable (and necessary) standards – I could feel my $53,000/year, non-tenured and non-unionized job hanging in the balance. So, I asked for examples of how I could bring equity into my classroom and what this actually looked like in practice.

Rather than help me to “get it,” the Affirmative Action Office deemed my questions to be evidence of bullying and harassment. Yet, my supervisor’s years-long actions were “in line with the Campus Strategic Plan.” Human Resources asked me to sign a performance reprimand, then Penn State inserted those charges into my annual performance review.

Now I’m fighting back. With a Right-to-Sue letter from the Department of Justice, it’s time for Penn State to account for real racial discrimination, harassment, and retaliation. I’ve got the support of Allen Harris Law and a nonpartisan civil rights group, the Foundation Against Intolerance and Racism.

“Antiracism” isn’t quite the right term to describe the performative activism that’s happening across academia and corporate America. Let’s call this hustle what it is: plain and simple, racism. And just like racism, the so-called antiracist movement threatens everything in its path: freedom of speech, due process, healthy workplace relationships, professional excellence, academic rigor, and the psychological welfare of teachers and students alike.

Zack De Piero was employed by Penn State University - Abington College as an assistant teaching professor of English and composition from 2018-2022. He has a Ph.D. in education from the University of California Santa Barbara, where he studied the teaching and learning of postsecondary writing. His personal views in this piece do not reflect those of his current employer, Northampton Community College.

Zack De Piero, PhD began working at Pennsylvania State University in August of 2018 as an English writing professor at the Abington campus. 

Almost immediately upon the outset of his employment, Professor De Piero noticed a race-essentialism focus, which he feared would be harmful to his students, a majority of which were from minority backgrounds and ethnicities. 

Professor De Piero was required to attend professional development meetings to view videos such as “White Teachers Are a Problem”, and was directed to “assure that all students see that white supremacy manifests itself in language and in writing pedagogy.”  Incidents like these made it clear that Penn State harbored a bias against him based on his skin color. So he took the prescribed course of action and filed a bias report.  The Penn State Affirmative Action Office quickly called Professor De Piero into a Zoom meeting where its Associate Director informed him that, “There is a problem with the White race” then directed him to continue attending antiracist workshops “until you get it.” 

It became impossible for Professor De Piero to effectively perform his job duties. In August 2021, he was forced to leave a job he had prized and students he cared for deeply. 

Professor De Piero has now filed suit against Penn State in federal court, alleging violations of his civil rights under federal and Pennsylvania law. 

Professor De Piero is represented by FAIR Network Attorneys Michael Allen and Samantha Harris of Allen Harris Law.

==

It's a cult.

The only thing that will turn around this insanity is suing the crap out of them.

[patricia-von-arundel]

History and linguistics time! Would it be "'tis thou" or "'tis thee"? The first is a predicate nominative form that says the nominative should be used in the object's place if "to be" is the noun, but the second is using "thee," the objective form. Both are technically correct.

BUT - this is meant to be medieval. Which begs the question of when. See, English spent most of the medieval period being beaten up by just about every other language in Europe and probably then some. (Not really, but it's funnier that way.) Just to keep it simple, let's pretend it was just Old English (think Beowulf) or Middle English (think Chaucer). Without needlessly complicating things even further, we can stick with saying Old English had more declensions than the English you know now. Declensions denote both number and form through inflections - if you've studied Latin, think nominative, dative, accusative, etc. 21st century English pretty much only distinguishes (potentially) nominative, objective, and possessive forms. Or, in the case of "you," only a single nominative/objective form (you) and a possessive form (your). Again, keeping it really simple.

Old English had nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative forms of personal pronouns, and it had not just singular/plural, but also a dual option - essentially "you," "you two," and "all of you." If you're referring to your sibling, you would use the singular informal versions, which were þū, þe, and þīn. To remove the thorn from the side of understanding (LINGUISTIC PUN HAHAHAHAHAHA, Þ IS CALLED THORN 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣), call them "thou" (þū), "thee" (þe), and "thine" (þīn). Anachronistic, but hey, I'm not grading you on it.

Middle English, on the other hand, is basically modern English kuh-nock-ed on the head (a more painful joke), because Old Norse had moved in and refused to leave without a court order. (Old English was mostly Anglo-Saxon.)

"Medieval" is a broad term for a broad period. 🤷‍♀️ By the 1300s, thee and thou were being gradually phased out of usage, particularly in the Southeast of England. Ye/you had been the plural and more formal version, like "usted" in Spanish or "vous" in French, but gradually those took over as the standard form in most instances in English (there are still exceptions). By the 1600s, people would get highly irritated at hearing "thou," which is just typical.

Soooooo... if you want to say "it's you" in Old English?

Þæt is þū!

Literally, "thæt is thū" - "that's you."

If we're talking Middle English (post-Norman Conquest, the language of Chaucer)?

Okay, first of all, go have a glance at Chaucer before correcting my spellings, because Middle English and Modern English until the 18th century were "anything goes" (aneethyng goess, etc.) as far as spelling went, so just... don't.

It ys ye!

"It is you."

Here's where the predicate nominative issue comes in. (Did you forget that?) We can actually see the difference considering "þū" (closer to "thou") and ye (closer to "thee"). And also the fact that Old English "you" had all those declensions. Nevermind that, again, keeping it simple -

It is correct to use either the nominative or the objective with "to be." So "'tis thou!" is fine. "'Tis thee!" is also fine. See, when it comes to the correct form of the object of a verb in English...

Well, to be, or not to be - that is the question.

Do y’all think siblings in medieval times would look at the little beasts in illuminated manuscripts and point at each other like ‘ha! ‘Tis thou!’